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1. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Fullman, N, Yearwood, J, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abebe, Z, Abebo, TA, Aboyans, V, Abraha, HN, Abreu, DMX, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Adane, AA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetokunboh, O, Adhikari, TB, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agius, D, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Aichour, MTE, Akibu, M, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al Lami, FH, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alene, KA, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, SD, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Alomari, MA, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amenu, K, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, N, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Antonio, CAT, Araújo, VEM, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, ET, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Ashebir, MM, Asseffa, NA, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Atteraya, MS, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayalew, AA, Ayele, HT, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB, Azzopardi, P, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Babalola, TK, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, A, Banstola, A, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, LH, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Fullman, N, Yearwood, J, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abebe, Z, Abebo, TA, Aboyans, V, Abraha, HN, Abreu, DMX, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Adane, AA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetokunboh, O, Adhikari, TB, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agius, D, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Aichour, MTE, Akibu, M, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al Lami, FH, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alene, KA, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, SD, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Alomari, MA, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amenu, K, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, N, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Antonio, CAT, Araújo, VEM, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, ET, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Ashebir, MM, Asseffa, NA, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Atteraya, MS, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayalew, AA, Ayele, HT, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB, Azzopardi, P, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Babalola, TK, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, A, Banstola, A, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, LH, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, and Beghi, E
Abstract: Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived
Published: 2018

2. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Fullman, N, Yearwood, J, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abebe, Z, Abebo, TA, Aboyans, V, Abraha, HN, Abreu, DMX, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Adane, AA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetokunboh, O, Adhikari, TB, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agius, D, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Aichour, MTE, Akibu, M, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al Lami, FH, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alene, KA, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, SD, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Alomari, MA, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amenu, K, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, N, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Antonio, CAT, Araújo, VEM, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, ET, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Ashebir, MM, Asseffa, NA, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Atteraya, MS, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayalew, AA, Ayele, HT, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB, Azzopardi, P, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Babalola, TK, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, A, Banstola, A, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, LH, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Fullman, N, Yearwood, J, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abebe, Z, Abebo, TA, Aboyans, V, Abraha, HN, Abreu, DMX, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Adane, AA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetokunboh, O, Adhikari, TB, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agius, D, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Aichour, MTE, Akibu, M, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al Lami, FH, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alene, KA, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, SD, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Alomari, MA, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amenu, K, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, N, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Antonio, CAT, Araújo, VEM, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, ET, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Ashebir, MM, Asseffa, NA, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Atteraya, MS, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayalew, AA, Ayele, HT, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB, Azzopardi, P, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Babalola, TK, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, A, Banstola, A, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, LH, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, and Beghi, E
Abstract: Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (
Published: 2018

3. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Fullman, N, Yearwood, J, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abebe, Z, Abebo, TA, Aboyans, V, Abraha, HN, Abreu, DMX, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Adane, AA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetokunboh, O, Adhikari, TB, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agius, D, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Aichour, MTE, Akibu, M, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al Lami, FH, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alene, KA, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, SD, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Alomari, MA, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amenu, K, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, N, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Antonio, CAT, Araújo, VEM, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, ET, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Ashebir, MM, Asseffa, NA, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Atteraya, MS, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayalew, AA, Ayele, HT, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB, Azzopardi, P, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Babalola, TK, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, A, Banstola, A, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, LH, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Fullman, N, Yearwood, J, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abebe, Z, Abebo, TA, Aboyans, V, Abraha, HN, Abreu, DMX, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Adane, AA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetokunboh, O, Adhikari, TB, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agius, D, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Aichour, MTE, Akibu, M, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al Lami, FH, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alene, KA, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, SD, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Alomari, MA, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amenu, K, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, N, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Antonio, CAT, Araújo, VEM, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, ET, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Ashebir, MM, Asseffa, NA, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Atteraya, MS, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayalew, AA, Ayele, HT, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB, Azzopardi, P, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Babalola, TK, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, A, Banstola, A, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, LH, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, and Beghi, E
Abstract: Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (
Published: 2018

4. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015 : a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

Author: Barber, RM, Fullman, N, Sorensen, RJD, Bollyky, T, McKee, M, Nolte, E, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zambrana-Torrelio, C, Zapata, T, Zenebe, ZM, Zodpey, S, Zoeckler, L, Zuhlke, LJ, Murray, CJL, Barber, RM, Fullman, N, Sorensen, RJD, Bollyky, T, McKee, M, Nolte, E, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zambrana-Torrelio, C, Zapata, T, Zenebe, ZM, Zodpey, S, Zoeckler, L, Zuhlke, LJ, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. METHODS: We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure-the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index-on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertil, For a complete list of authors, see https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30818-8
Published: 2017
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5. Erratum: Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S014067361732336X) (10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32336-X))

Author: Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, and Brauer, M
Abstract: GBD 2016 SDG Collaborators. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1423–59—The full-text version of this Article has been updated so that the list of authors is displayed in the correct order, in line with the pdf version, rather than in alphabetical order. This correction has been made to the online version as of Oct 12, 2017.
Published: 2017

6. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Antonio, CAT, Ansari, H, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Arthur Avokpaho, EFG, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Breitborde, NJK, Brugha, TS, Bulto, LNB, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Antonio, CAT, Ansari, H, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Arthur Avokpaho, EFG, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Breitborde, NJK, Brugha, TS, and Bulto, LNB
Abstract: Background: The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of "leaving no one behind". Understanding today's gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-related SDG indicators over the period 1990-2016 for 188 countries, and then on the basis of these past trends, we projected indicators to 2030. Methods: We used standardised GBD 2016 methods to measure 37 health-related indicators from 1990 to 2016, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2015. We substantially revised the universal health coverage (UHC) measure, which focuses on coverage of essential health services, to also represent personal health-care access and quality for several non-communicable diseases. We transformed each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 25th percentile estimated between 1990 and 2030, and 100 as the 975th percentile during that time. An index representing all 37 health-related SDG indicators was constructed by taking the geometric mean of scaled indicators by target. On the basis of past trends, we produced projections of indicator values, using a weighted average of the indicator and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2016 with weights for each annual rate of change based on out-of-sample validity. 24 of the currently measured health-related SDG indicators have defined SDG targets, against which we assessed attainment. Findings Globally, the median health-related SDG index was 567 (IQR 319-668) in 2016 and country-level performance markedly varied, with Singapore (868, 95% uncertainty interval 846-889), Iceland (860, 841-876), and Sweden (856, 818-878) having the highest levels in 2016 and Afghanistan (109, 96-119), the Central African Republic (110, 88-138), and Somalia (113, 95-131) recording the lowest. Between
Published: 2017

7. Erratum:Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S014067361732336X)(10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32336-X))

Author: Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, and Brauer, M
Abstract: GBD 2016 SDG Collaborators. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1423–59—In figure 8B of this Article (published Online First on Sept 12, 2017), the number of indicator targets has been changed from 1 to 9 for Turkmenistan, from 0 to 1 for Afghanistan, and from 1 to 2 for Yemen. Ettore Beghi, Neeraj Bhala, Hélène Carabin, Raimundas Lunevicius, Donald H Silberberg, and Caitlyn Steiner have been added to the list of GBD 2016 SDG Collaborators. Their affiliations, along with the affiliation of Soumya Swaminathan, have been added to the Affiliations section. These corrections have been made to the online version as of Sept 18, 2017, and the printed Article is correct.
Published: 2017

8. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Barber, RM, Fullman, N, Sorensen, RJD, Bollyky, T, McKee, M, Nolte, E, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Abdurahman, AA, Abera, SF, Abraham, B, Abreha, GF, Adane, K, Adelekan, AL, Adetifa, IMO, Afshin, A, Agarwal, A, Agarwal, SK, Agarwal, S, Agrawal, A, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, KY, Ahmed, MB, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, SS, Alemu, ZA, Alene, KA, Alexander, L, Ali, R, Ali, SD, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amo-Adjei, J, Amoako, YA, Anderson, BO, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Asayesh, H, Assadi, R, Astatkie, A, Atey, TM, Atique, S, Atnafu, NT, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Quintanilla, BPA, Awasthi, A, Ayele, NN, Azzopardi, P, Saleem, HOB, Bärnighausen, T, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Banerjee, A, Barac, A, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Baye, K, Bayou, YT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bello, AK, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Bernabé, E, Bernal, OA, Beyene, AS, Beyene, TJ, Bhutta, ZA, Biadgilign, S, Bikbov, B, Birlik, SM, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, HM, Bose, D, Brainin, M, Brauer, M, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Butt, ZA, Cárdenas, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, IR, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Casey, D, Caso, V, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Rivas, JC, Catalá-López, F, Cecilio, P, Cercy, K, Charlson, FJ, Chen, AZ, Chew, A, Chibalabala, M, Chibueze, CE, Chisumpa, VH, Chitheer, AA, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, H, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Coggeshall, MS, Cooper, LT, Cortinovis, M, Crump, JA, Dalal, K, Danawi, H, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, PI, das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, DV, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, Del Gobbo, LC, del Pozo-Cruz, B, Dellavalle, RP, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, DC, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, SD, Dicker, D, Ding, EL, Dokova, K, Dorsey, ER, Doyle, KE, Dubey, M, Ehrenkranz, R, Ellingsen, CL, Elyazar, I, Enayati, A, Ermakov, SP, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fürst, T, Faghmous, IDA, Fanuel, FBB, Faraon, EJA, Farid, TA, Farinha, CSES, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, VL, Feigl, AB, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, JG, Fernandes, JC, Feyissa, TR, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Fleming, TD, Foigt, N, Foreman, KJ, Forouzanfar, MH, Franklin, RC, Frostad, J, G/hiwot, TT, Gakidou, E, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gao, W, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremichael, MW, Gebru, AA, Gelaye, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Genova-Maleras, R, Gibney, KB, Giref, AZ, Gishu, MD, Giussani, G, Godwin, WW, Gold, A, Goldberg, EM, Gona, PN, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, SV, Goto, A, Graetz, N, Greaves, F, Griswold, M, Guban, PI, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, PC, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Habtewold, TD, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, D, Hailu, AD, Hailu, GB, Hakuzimana, A, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Hankey, GJ, Hao, Y, Harb, HL, Hareri, HA, Haro, JM, Hassanvand, MS, Havmoeller, R, Hay, RJ, Hay, SI, Hendrie, D, Heredia-Pi, IB, Hoek, HW, Horino, M, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Htet, AS, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, JJ, Huntley, BM, Huynh, C, Iburg, KM, Ileanu, BV, Innos, K, Irenso, AA, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, MB, James, P, James, SL, Javanbakht, M, Jayaraman, SP, Jayatilleke, AU, Jeemon, P, Jha, V, John, D, Johnson, C, Johnson, SC, Jonas, JB, Juel, K, Kabir, Z, Kalkonde, Y, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karema, CK, Karimi, SM, Kasaeian, A, Kassebaum, NJ, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, SV, Kazanjan, K, Keiyoro, PN, Kemmer, L, Kemp, AH, Kengne, AP, Kerbo, AA, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, CN, Khader, YS, Khalil, I, Khan, AR, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khang, Y-H, Khoja, ATA, Khonelidze, I, Khubchandani, J, Kibret, GD, Kim, D, Kim, P, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinfu, Y, Kissoon, N, Kivipelto, M, Kokubo, Y, Kolk, A, Kolte, D, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishnaswami, S, Krohn, KJ, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kuipers, EJ, Kulkarni, VS, Kumar, GA, Kumsa, FA, Kutz, M, Kyu, HH, Lager, ACJ, Lal, A, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Langan, SM, Lansingh, VC, Larson, HJ, Larsson, A, Laryea, DO, Latif, AA, Lawrynowicz, AEB, Leasher, JL, Leigh, J, Leinsalu, M, Leshargie, CT, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Liang, X, Lim, SS, Lind, M, Linn, S, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, P, Liu, Y, Lo, L-T, Logroscino, G, Lopez, AD, Lorch, SA, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, RA, Macarayan, ERK, Mackay, MT, El Razek, HMA, El Razek, MMA, Mahdavi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mantovani, LG, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, CC, Marcenes, W, Marks, GB, Marquez, N, Martinez-Raga, J, Marzan, MB, Massano, J, Mathur, MR, Maulik, PK, Mazidi, M, McAlinden, C, McGrath, JJ, McNellan, C, Meaney, PA, Mehari, A, Mehndiratta, MM, Meier, T, Mekonnen, AB, Meles, KG, Memish, ZA, Mengesha, MM, Mengiste, DT, Mengistie, MA, Menota, BG, Mensah, GA, Mereta, ST, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mezgebe, HB, Micha, R, Millear, A, Mills, EJ, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mock, CN, Mohammad, KA, Mohammed, S, Mohanty, SK, Mokdad, AH, Mola, GLD, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Montico, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Moses, M, Mueller, UO, Murthy, S, Musa, KI, Nachega, JB, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naldi, L, Nangia, V, Nascimento, BR, Negoi, I, Neupane, SP, Newton, CR, Ng, M, Ngalesoni, FN, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, G, Ningrum, DNA, Nolte, S, Nomura, M, Norheim, OF, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJN, Obermeyer, CM, Ogbo, FA, Oh, I-H, Okoro, A, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, AT, Olivares, PR, Olsen, HE, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Opio, JN, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Osborne, RH, Osman, M, Owolabi, MO, PA, M, Pain, AW, Pakhale, S, Castillo, EP, Pana, A, Papachristou, C, Parsaeian, M, Patel, T, Patton, GC, Paudel, D, Paul, VK, Pearce, N, Pereira, DM, Perez-Padilla, R, Perez-Ruiz, F, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Phillips, MR, Pigott, DM, Pillay, JD, Pinho, C, Polinder, S, Pond, CD, Prakash, V, Purwar, M, Qorbani, M, Quistberg, DA, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MHU, Rai, RK, Ram, U, Rana, SM, Rankin, Z, Rao, PV, Rao, PC, Rawaf, S, Rego, MAS, Reitsma, M, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMNN, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, MS, Ribeiro, AL, Roba, HS, Rokni, MB, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roth, GA, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, NK, Sachdev, PS, Sackey, BB, Saeedi, MY, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahraian, MA, Saleh, MM, Salomon, JA, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Sanchez-Niño, MD, Sandar, L, Santos, IS, Santos, JV, Milicevic, MMS, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Saylan, MI, Schöttker, B, Schutte, AE, Schwebel, DC, Seedat, S, Seid, AM, Seifu, CN, Sepanlou, SG, Serdar, B, Servan-Mori, EE, Setegn, T, Shackelford, KA, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Shaikh, MA, Shakh-Nazarova, M, Shamsipour, M, Islam, SMS, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, She, J, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shen, J, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shiri, R, Shoman, H, Shrime, MG, Sibamo, ELS, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silva, DAS, Silveira, DGA, Sindi, S, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, OP, Singh, PK, Singh, V, Sinke, AH, Sinshaw, AE, Skirbekk, V, Sliwa, K, Smith, A, Sobngwi, E, Soneji, S, Soriano, JB, Sousa, TCM, Sposato, LA, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stathopoulou, V, Steel, N, Steiner, C, Steinke, S, Stokes, MA, Stranges, S, Strong, M, Stroumpoulis, K, Sturua, L, Sufiyan, MB, Suliankatchi, RA, Sun, J, Sur, P, Swaminathan, S, Sykes, BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabb, KM, Taffere, GR, Talongwa, RT, Tarajia, M, Tavakkoli, M, Taveira, N, Teeple, S, Tegegne, TK, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekelab, T, Tekle, DY, Shifa, GT, Terkawi, AS, Tesema, AG, Thakur, JS, Thomson, AJ, Tillmann, T, Tiruye, TY, Tobe-Gai, R, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Tortajada, M, Troeger, C, Truelsen, T, Tura, AK, Uchendu, US, Ukwaja, KN, Undurraga, EA, Uneke, CJ, Uthman, OA, van Boven, JFM, Van Dingenen, R, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, FS, Vladimirov, SK, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Vos, T, Wagner, JA, Wakayo, T, Waller, SG, Walson, JL, Wang, H, Wang, Y-P, Watkins, DA, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, RG, Wen, C-P, Werdecker, A, Wesana, J, Westerman, R, Whiteford, HA, Wilkinson, JD, Wiysonge, CS, Woldeyes, BG, Wolfe, CDA, Won, S, Workicho, A, Workie, SB, Wubshet, M, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yadav, AK, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yan, LL, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yimam, HH, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zambrana-Torrelio, C, Zapata, T, Zenebe, ZM, Zodpey, S, Zoeckler, L, Zuhlke, LJ, Murray, CJL, Barber, RM, Fullman, N, Sorensen, RJD, Bollyky, T, McKee, M, Nolte, E, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulle, AM, Abdurahman, AA, Abera, SF, Abraham, B, Abreha, GF, Adane, K, Adelekan, AL, Adetifa, IMO, Afshin, A, Agarwal, A, Agarwal, SK, Agarwal, S, Agrawal, A, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, KY, Ahmed, MB, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, SS, Alemu, ZA, Alene, KA, Alexander, L, Ali, R, Ali, SD, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amo-Adjei, J, Amoako, YA, Anderson, BO, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Asayesh, H, Assadi, R, Astatkie, A, Atey, TM, Atique, S, Atnafu, NT, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Quintanilla, BPA, Awasthi, A, Ayele, NN, Azzopardi, P, Saleem, HOB, Bärnighausen, T, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Banerjee, A, Barac, A, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Baye, K, Bayou, YT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bello, AK, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Bernabé, E, Bernal, OA, Beyene, AS, Beyene, TJ, Bhutta, ZA, Biadgilign, S, Bikbov, B, Birlik, SM, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, HM, Bose, D, Brainin, M, 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Wubshet, M, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yadav, AK, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yan, LL, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yimam, HH, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zambrana-Torrelio, C, Zapata, T, Zenebe, ZM, Zodpey, S, Zoeckler, L, Zuhlke, LJ, and Murray, CJL
Published: 2017

9. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Wang, H, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, SF, Abraha, HN, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetifa, IMO, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Aggarwal, R, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Aiyar, S, Akanda, S, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al Lami, FH, Alabed, S, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Aldridge, RW, Alene, KA, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkaabi, JM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allam, SD, Allebeck, P, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ameh, EA, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, N, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arnlov, J, Arora, M, Al, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Babalola, TK, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Barac, A, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, LH, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bejot, Y, Bekele, BB, Bell, ML, Bello, AK, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Benson, J, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabe, E, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, HM, Bjerregaard, P, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Brugha, TS, Bukhman, G, Negesa, L, Bulto, B, Bumgarner, BR, Burch, M, Butt, ZA, Cahill, LE, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, IR, Car, J, Car, M, Crdenas, R, Carpenter, DO, Carrero, JJ, Carter, A, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Rivas, JC, Castro, FF, Castro, RE, Catala-Lopez, F, Chen, H, Chiang, PP-C, Chibalabala, M, Chisumpa, VH, Chitheer, AA, Choi, J-YJ, Christensen, H, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Cohen, AJ, Colquhoun, SM, Coresh, J, Criqui, MH, Cromwell, EA, Crump, JA, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, PI, das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, DV, Davletov, K, de Courten, B, De Leo, D, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Dellavalle, RP, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, DC, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, SD, Dherani, MK, Diaz-Torne, C, Ding, EL, Dixit, P, Djalalinia, S, Huyen, PD, Doku, DT, Donnelly, CA, Priscila, K, dos Santos, B, Douwes-Schultz, D, Driscoll, TR, Duan, L, Dubey, M, Duncan, BB, Dwivedi, LK, Ebrahimi, H, El Bcheraoui, C, Ellingsen, CL, Enayati, A, Endries, AY, Ermakov, SP, Eshetie, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fanuel, BBF, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, VL, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, JG, Fernandes, JC, Feyissa, TR, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Foreman, KJ, Frank, T, Franklin, RC, Fraser, M, Friedman, J, Frostad, JJ, Fullman, N, Furst, T, Furtado, JM, Futran, ND, Gakidou, E, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gankpe, FG, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Gebregergs, GB, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gebrekidan, KG, Gebremichael, MW, Gelaye, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Gemechu, BL, Gemechu, KS, Genova-Maleras, R, Gesesew, HA, Gething, PW, Gibney, KB, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Giref, AZ, Girma, BW, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Gomez, B, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Goulart, AC, Graetz, N, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, PC, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Haagsma, JA, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Bidgoli, HH, Hakuzimana, A, Halasa, YA, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Hancock, J, Handal, AJ, Hankey, GJ, Hao, Y, Harb, HL, Hareri, HA, Harikrishnan, S, Haro, JM, Hassanvand, MS, Havmoeller, R, Hay, RJ, Hay, SI, He, F, Heredia-Pi, IB, Herteliu, C, Hilawe, EH, Hoek, HW, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, PJ, Hoy, DG, Hsairi, M, Htet, AS, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, JJ, Iburg, KM, Igumbor, EU, Ileanu, BV, Inoue, M, Irenso, AA, Irvine, CMS, Islam, N, Jacobsen, KH, Jaenisch, T, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, MB, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, AU, Jeemon, P, Jensen, PN, Jha, V, Jin, Y, John, D, John, O, Johnson, SC, Jonas, JB, Jurisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalkonde, Y, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karema, CK, Karimi, SM, Karthikeyan, G, Kasaeian, A, Kassaw, NA, Kassebaum, NJ, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, SV, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazanjan, K, Keiyoro, PN, Kelbore, SG, Kemp, AH, Kengne, AP, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, CN, Ketema, EB, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khang, Y-H, Khera, S, Khoja, ATA, Khosravi, MH, Kibret, GD, Kieling, C, Kim, C-I, Kim, D, Kim, P, Kim, S, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinfu, Y, Kishawi, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, KA, Kissoon, N, Kivimaki, M, Knudsen, AK, Kokubo, Y, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krohn, KJ, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kuipers, EJ, Kulikoff, XR, Kulkarni, VS, Kumar, GA, Kumar, P, Kumsa, FA, Kutz, M, Lachat, C, Lagat, AK, Lager, ACJ, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lambert, N, Lan, Q, Lansingh, VC, Larson, HJ, Larsson, A, Laryea, DO, Lavados, PM, Laxmaiah, A, Lee, PH, Leigh, J, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liao, Y, Liben, ML, Lim, SS, Linn, S, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Lorch, SA, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, RA, Ma, S, Macarayan, ERK, Machado, IE, Mackay, MT, Abd el Razek, MM, Magis-Rodriguez, C, Mahdavi, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, DC, Mantovani, LG, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, CC, Marczak, LB, Marks, GB, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, FR, Massano, J, Maulik, PK, Mayosi, BM, Mazidi, M, McAlinden, C, McGarvey, ST, McGrath, JJ, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehta, KM, Meier, T, Mekonnen, TC, Meles, KG, Memiah, P, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, MM, Mengistie, MA, Tadese, D, Menon, MGR, Menota, BG, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mezgebe, HB, Micha, R, Mikesell, J, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, EM, Misganaw, A, Mishra, SR, Mohammad, KA, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, KESM, Mohan, MBV, Mohanty, SK, Mokdad, AH, Assaye, AM, Mollenkopf, SK, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, 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Undurraga, EA, Uthman, OA, Uzochukwu, BSC, van Boven, JFM, Varakin, YY, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasconcelos, AMN, Venketasubramanian, N, Vidavalur, R, Violante, FS, Vishnu, A, Vladimirov, SK, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Vos, T, Waid, JL, Wakayo, T, Wang, Y-P, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, RG, Werdecker, A, Wesana, J, Wijeratne, T, Wilkinson, JD, Wiysonge, CS, Woldeyes, BG, Wolfe, CDA, Workicho, A, Workie, SB, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yalew, AZ, Yan, LL, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Ye, P, Yimam, HH, Yip, P, Yirsaw, BD, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, MES, Zeeb, H, Zenebe, ZM, Zerfu, TA, Zhang, AL, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Zuhlke, LJ, Lopez, AD, Murray, CJL, Wang, H, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, SF, Abraha, HN, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetifa, IMO, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Aggarwal, R, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Aiyar, S, Akanda, S, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al Lami, FH, Alabed, S, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Aldridge, RW, Alene, KA, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkaabi, JM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allam, SD, Allebeck, P, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ameh, EA, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, N, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arnlov, J, Arora, M, Al, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Babalola, TK, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Barac, A, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, LH, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bejot, Y, Bekele, BB, Bell, ML, Bello, AK, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Benson, J, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabe, E, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, HM, Bjerregaard, P, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Brugha, TS, Bukhman, G, Negesa, L, Bulto, B, Bumgarner, BR, Burch, M, Butt, ZA, Cahill, LE, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, IR, Car, J, Car, M, Crdenas, R, Carpenter, DO, Carrero, JJ, Carter, A, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Rivas, JC, Castro, FF, Castro, RE, Catala-Lopez, F, Chen, H, Chiang, PP-C, Chibalabala, M, Chisumpa, VH, Chitheer, AA, Choi, J-YJ, Christensen, H, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Cohen, AJ, Colquhoun, SM, Coresh, J, Criqui, MH, Cromwell, EA, Crump, JA, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, PI, das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, DV, Davletov, K, de Courten, B, De Leo, D, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Dellavalle, RP, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, DC, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, SD, Dherani, MK, Diaz-Torne, C, 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PC, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Haagsma, JA, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Bidgoli, HH, Hakuzimana, A, Halasa, YA, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Hancock, J, Handal, AJ, Hankey, GJ, Hao, Y, Harb, HL, Hareri, HA, Harikrishnan, S, Haro, JM, Hassanvand, MS, Havmoeller, R, Hay, RJ, Hay, SI, He, F, Heredia-Pi, IB, Herteliu, C, Hilawe, EH, Hoek, HW, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, PJ, Hoy, DG, Hsairi, M, Htet, AS, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, JJ, Iburg, KM, Igumbor, EU, Ileanu, BV, Inoue, M, Irenso, AA, Irvine, CMS, Islam, N, Jacobsen, KH, Jaenisch, T, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, MB, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, AU, Jeemon, P, Jensen, PN, Jha, V, Jin, Y, John, D, John, O, Johnson, SC, Jonas, JB, Jurisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalkonde, Y, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karema, CK, Karimi, SM, Karthikeyan, G, Kasaeian, A, Kassaw, NA, Kassebaum, NJ, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, SV, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazanjan, K, Keiyoro, PN, Kelbore, SG, Kemp, AH, Kengne, AP, Keren, A, 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Werdecker, A, Wesana, J, Wijeratne, T, Wilkinson, JD, Wiysonge, CS, Woldeyes, BG, Wolfe, CDA, Workicho, A, Workie, SB, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yalew, AZ, Yan, LL, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Ye, P, Yimam, HH, Yip, P, Yirsaw, BD, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, MES, Zeeb, H, Zenebe, ZM, Zerfu, TA, Zhang, AL, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Zuhlke, LJ, Lopez, AD, and Murray, CJL
Published: 2017

10. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Wang, H, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, S, Abraha, H, Abu-Raddad, L, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Adedeji, I, Adedoyin, R, Adetifa, I, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Aggarwal, R, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmed, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Aiyar, S, Akanda, A, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al Lami, F, Alabed, S, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Aldridge, R, Alene, K, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, S, Alkaabi, J, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allam, S, Allebeck, P, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Martin, E, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Ameh, E, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, S, Asghar, R, Assadi, R, Atey, T, Atre, S, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Babalola, T, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Barac, A, Barber, R, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, L, Baune, B, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bekele, B, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bennett, J, Bensenor, I, Benson, J, Berhane, A, Berhe, D, Bernabé, E, Beuran, M, Beyene, A, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, H, Bjerregaard, P, Blosser, C, Boneya, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, R, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Brugha, T, Bukhman, G, Bulto, L, Bumgarner, B, Burch, M, Butt, Z, Cahill, L, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Car, J, Car, M, Cárdenas, R, Carpenter, D, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castillo Rivas, J, Castro, F, Castro, R, Catalá-López, F, Chen, H, Chiang, P, Chibalabala, M, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Choi, J, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Cohen, A, Colquhoun, S, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Crump, J, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, P, Das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, De Courten, B, De Leo, D, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Dellavalle, R, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, D, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dherani, M, Diaz-Torné, C, Ding, E, Dixit, P, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doku, D, Donnelly, C, Dos Santos, K, Douwes-Schultz, D, Driscoll, T, Duan, L, Dubey, M, Duncan, B, Dwivedi, L, Ebrahimi, H, El Bcheraoui, C, Ellingsen, C, Enayati, A, Endries, A, Ermakov, S, Eshetie, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fanuel, F, Faro, A, Farvid, M, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, V, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, J, Feyissa, T, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Frank, T, Franklin, R, Fraser, M, Friedman, J, Frostad, J, Fullman, N, Fürst, T, Furtado, J, Futran, N, Gakidou, E, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gankpé, F, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Gebregergs, G, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebrekidan, K, Gebremichael, M, Gelaye, A, Geleijnse, J, Gemechu, B, Gemechu, K, Genova-Maleras, R, Gesesew, H, Gething, P, 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Abstract: Background: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. Methods: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to
Published: 2017

11. Erratum: Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S

Author: Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Stokes, Mark, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, and Stokes, Mark
Published: 2017

12. Erratum:Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S0

Author: Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Stokes, Mark, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, and Stokes, Mark
Published: 2017

13. Department of Error.

Author: Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, and Brauer, M
Published: 2017

14. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (vol 390, pg 1423, 2017)

Author: Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, Brauer, M, Fullman, N, Barber, RM, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, RS, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, MTE, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, KA, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, SW, Assadi, R, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, MS, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, LH, Basu, S, Battle, KE, Baune, BT, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Berhe, DF, Bernabé, E, Betsu, BD, Beuran, M, Beyene, AS, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bicer, BK, Bidgoli, HH, Bikbov, B, Bilal, AI, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, IR, and Brauer, M
Published: 2017

15. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Wang, H, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, S, Abraha, H, Abu-Raddad, L, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Adedeji, I, Adedoyin, R, Adetifa, I, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Aggarwal, R, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmed, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Aiyar, S, Akanda, A, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al Lami, F, Alabed, S, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Aldridge, R, Alene, K, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, S, Alkaabi, J, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allam, S, Allebeck, P, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Martin, E, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Ameh, E, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, S, Asghar, R, Assadi, R, Atey, T, Atre, S, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Babalola, T, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Barac, A, Barber, R, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, L, Baune, B, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bekele, B, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bennett, J, Bensenor, I, Benson, J, Berhane, A, Berhe, D, Bernabé, E, Beuran, M, Beyene, A, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, H, Bjerregaard, P, Blosser, C, Boneya, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, R, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Brugha, T, Bukhman, G, Bulto, L, Bumgarner, B, Burch, M, Butt, Z, Cahill, L, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Car, J, Car, M, Cárdenas, R, Carpenter, D, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castillo Rivas, J, Castro, F, Castro, R, Catalá-López, F, Chen, H, Chiang, P, Chibalabala, M, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Choi, J, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Cohen, A, Colquhoun, S, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Crump, J, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, P, Das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, De Courten, B, De Leo, D, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Dellavalle, R, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, D, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dherani, M, Diaz-Torné, C, Ding, E, Dixit, P, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doku, D, Donnelly, C, Dos Santos, K, Douwes-Schultz, D, Driscoll, T, Duan, L, Dubey, M, Duncan, B, Dwivedi, L, Ebrahimi, H, El Bcheraoui, C, Ellingsen, C, Enayati, A, Endries, A, Ermakov, S, Eshetie, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fanuel, F, Faro, A, Farvid, M, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, V, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, J, Feyissa, T, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Frank, T, Franklin, R, Fraser, M, Friedman, J, Frostad, J, Fullman, N, Fürst, T, Furtado, J, Futran, N, Gakidou, E, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gankpé, F, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Gebregergs, G, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebrekidan, K, Gebremichael, M, Gelaye, A, Geleijnse, J, Gemechu, B, Gemechu, K, Genova-Maleras, R, Gesesew, H, Gething, P, Gibney, K, Gill, P, Gillum, R, Giref, A, Girma, B, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Gomez, B, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Goulart, A, Graetz, N, Gugnani, H, Gupta, P, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Haagsma, J, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haghparast Bidgoli, H, Hakuzimana, A, Halasa, Y, Hamadeh, R, Hambisa, M, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Hancock, J, Handal, A, Hankey, G, Hao, Y, Harb, H, Hareri, H, Harikrishnan, S, Haro, J, Hassanvand, M, Havmoeller, R, Hay, R, Hay, S, He, F, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Hilawe, E, Hoek, H, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, P, Hoy, D, Hsairi, M, Htet, A, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, J, Iburg, K, Igumbor, E, Ileanu, B, Inoue, M, Irenso, A, Irvine, C, Islam, N, Jacobsen, K, Jaenisch, T, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jensen, P, Jha, V, Jin, Y, John, D, John, O, Johnson, S, Jonas, J, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalkonde, Y, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi, S, Karthikeyan, G, Kasaeian, A, Kassaw, N, Kassebaum, N, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazanjan, K, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, S, Kemp, A, Kengne, A, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, C, Ketema, E, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khang, Y, Khera, S, Khoja, A, Khosravi, M, Kibret, G, Kieling, C, Kim, C, Kim, D, Kim, P, Kim, S, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kishawi, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kissoon, N, Kivimaki, M, Knudsen, A, Kokubo, Y, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krohn, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuipers, E, Kulikoff, X, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, G, Kumar, P, Kumsa, F, Kutz, M, Lachat, C, Lagat, A, Lager, A, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lambert, N, Lan, Q, Van Lansingh, C, Larson, H, Larsson, A, Laryea, D, Lavados, P, Laxmaiah, A, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liao, Y, Liben, M, Lim, S, Linn, S, Lipshultz, S, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Lorch, S, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, R, Ma, S, Macarayan, E, Machado, I, Mackay, M, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Magis-Rodriguez, C, Mahdavi, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, D, Mantovani, L, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, C, Marczak, L, Marks, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, F, Massano, J, Maulik, P, Mayosi, B, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgarvey, S, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, M, Mehta, K, Meier, T, Mekonnen, T, Meles, K, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, M, Mengistie, M, Mengistu, D, Menon, G, Menota, B, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mezgebe, H, Micha, R, Mikesell, J, Miller, T, Mills, E, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mishra, S, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, K, Mohammed, S, Mohan, M, Mohanty, S, Mokdad, A, Molla Assaye, A, Mollenkopf, S, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Montañez Hernandez, J, Montico, M, Mooney, M, Moore, A, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velasquez, I, Mori, R, Morrison, S, Mruts, K, Mueller, U, Mullany, E, Muller, K, Murthy, G, Murthy, S, Musa, K, Nachega, 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Ningrum, D, Nisar, M, Nomura, M, Nong, V, Norheim, O, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nyakarahuka, L, Obermeyer, C, O'Donnell, M, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Okoro, A, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Ota, E, Owolabi, M, Oyekale, A, Mahesh, P, Pacella, R, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Panda, B, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E, Parsaeian, M, Patel, T, Patten, S, Patton, G, Paudel, D, Pereira, D, Perez-Padilla, R, Perez-Ruiz, F, Perico, N, Pervaiz, A, Pesudovs, K, Peterson, C, Petri, W, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Piel, F, Pigott, D, Pishgar, F, Plass, D, Polinder, S, Popova, S, Postma, M, Poulton, R, Pourmalek, F, Prasad, N, Purwar, M, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, R, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, S, Rai, R, Rajsic, S, Ram, U, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Rao, P, Rawaf, S, Ray, S, Rego, M, Rehm, J, Reiner, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, M, Ribeiro, A, Rokni, M, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roth, G, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, A, Rubagotti, E, Ruhago, G, Saadat, S, Sabde, Y, Sachdev, P, Sadat, N, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Salomon, J, Salvi, S, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanchez-Niño, M, Santos, I, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Saylan, M, Schmidt, M, Schneider, I, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Seedat, S, Seid, A, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Shackelford, K, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Shaikh, M, Shamsipour, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Islam, S, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, She, J, Shen, J, Shetty, B, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shrime, M, Sigfusdottir, I, Silberberg, D, Silpakit, N, Silva, D, Silva, J, Silveira, D, Sindi, S, Singh, A, Singh, J, Singh, P, Singh, V, Sinha, D, Skiadaresi, E, Sligar, A, Smith, D, Sobaih, B, Sobngwi, E, Soneji, S, Soriano, J, Sreeramareddy, C, Srinivasan, V, Stathopoulou, V, Steel, N, Stein, D, 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Brugha, TS, Bulto, LNB, Bumgarner, BR, Butt, ZA, Cahill, LE, Campos-Nonato, IR, Carpenter, DO, Carrero, JJ, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castro, FF, Castro, RE, Chiang, Peggy PC, Chisumpa, VH, Chitheer, AA, Choi, JYJ, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cohen, AJ, Colquhoun, SM, Criqui, MH, Cromwell, EA, Crump, JA, Dargan, PI, Davitoiu, DV, Dellavalle, RP, Des Jarlais, DC, Dharmaratne, SD, Dherani, MK, Ding, EL, Do, HP, Doku, DT, Donnelly, CA, Dos Santos, KPB, Driscoll, TR, Duncan, BB, Dwivedi, LK, Ellingsen, CL, Endries, AY, Ermakov, SP, Fanuel, FBB, Farvid, MS, Feigin, VL, Fereshtehnejad, SM, Fernandes, JG, Fernandes, JC, Feyissa, TR, Foreman, KJ, Franklin, RC, Frostad, JJ, Furtado, JM, Futran, ND, Gankpé, FG, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Gebregergs, GB, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gebrekidan, KG, Gebremichael, MW, Gelaye, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Gemechu, BL, Gemechu, KS, Gesesew, HA, Gething, PW, Gibney, KB, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Giref, AZ, Girma, BW, Gopalani, SV, Goulart, AC, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, PC, Haagsma, JA, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, Hakuzimana, Alex, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon I., He, Fei, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hilawe, Esayas Haregot, Hoek, Hans W., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J., Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Inoue, Manami, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Irvine, Caleb M. S., Islam, Nazrul, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jaenisch, Thomas, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jha, Vivekanand, Jin, Ye, John, Denny, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B., Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M., Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kishawi, Sami, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimaki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, JA, Koul, PA, Krohn, KJ, Kuipers, EJ, Kulikoff, XR, Kulkarni, VS, Kumar, GA, Kumsa, FA, Lagat, AK, Lager, ACJ, Lal, DK, Larson, HJ, Laryea, DO, Lavados, PM, Lee, PH, Liben, ML, Lim, SS, Lipshultz, SE, Lorch, SA, Lotufo, PA, Lyons, RA, Macarayan, ERK, Machado, IE, Mackay, MT, Malta, DC, Mantovani, LG, Mapoma, CC, Marczak, LB, Marks, GB, Martins-Melo, FR, Maulik, PK, Mayosi, BM, McAlinden, C, McGarvey, ST, McGrath, JJ, McKee, M, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehta, KM, Mekonnen, TC, Meles, KG, Memish, ZA, Mengesha, MM, Mengistie, MA, Mengistu, DT, Menon, GR, Menota, BG, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, TJ, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mishra, SR, Mohammad, KA, Mohammed, KE, Mohan, MBV, Mohanty, SK, Mokdad, AH, Mollenkopf, SK, Montañez Hernandez, JC, Mooney, MD, Moore, AR, Morrison, SD, Mruts, KB, Mueller, UO, Murthy, GVS, Musa, KI, Nachega, JB, Naidoo, KS, Nascimento, BR, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, QL, Nguyen, TH, Ningrum, DNA, Nisar, MI, Nong, VM, Norheim, OF, Noubiap, JJN, Obermeyer, CM, O'Donnell, MJ, Ogbo, FA, Oh, IH, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Owolabi, MO, Oyekale, AS, Mahesh, PA, Pacella, RE, Panda, BK, Park, EK, Patten, SB, Patton, GC, Pereira, DM, Peterson, CB, Petri, WA, Phillips, MR, Piel, FB, Pigott, DM, Postma, MJ, Poulton, RG, Rabiee, RHS, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, SU, Rai, RK, Rana, SM, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, PV, Rego, MAS, Reiner, RC, Renzaho, AMNN, Rezai, MS, Ribeiro, AL, Rokni, MB, Roth, GA, Ruhago, GM, Sabde, YD, Sachdev, PS, Sahraian, MA, Salomon, JA, Salvi, SS, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Sanchez-Niño, MD, Santos, IS, Santric Milicevic, MM, Saylan, MI, Schmidt, MI, Schneider, IJC, Schutte, AE, Schwebel, DC, Seid, AM, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, EE, Shackelford, KA, Shaikh, MA, Islam, SMS, Shetty, BP, Shrime, MG, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silberberg, DH, Silva, DAS, Silva, JP, Silveira, DGA, Singh, JA, Singh, PK, Sinha, DN, Smith, DL, Sobaih, BHA, Soriano, JB, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Stokes, MA, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah B, Suliankatchi, Rizwan A, Sunguya, BF, Sur, PJ, Sykes, BL, Szoeke, CEI, Tadakamadla, SK, Tekle, Dejen Y, Temsah, MH, Terkawi, AS, Tesema, CL, Thompson, AH, Thomson, AJ, Thrift, AG, Tiruye, TY, Tran, BX, Tuem, KB, Tuzcu, EM, Ukwaja, KN, Undurraga, EA, Uthman, OA, Uzochukwu, BSC, Van Boven, JFM, Varakin, YY, Vasconcelos, AMN, Violante, FS, Vladimirov, SK, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Waid, JL, Wang, YP, Weintraub, RG, Wilkinson, JD, Wiysonge, CS, Woldeyes, BG, Wolfe, CDA, Workie, SB, Yalew, AZ, Yan, LL, Yimam, HH, Yirsaw, BD, Yoon, SJ, Younis, MZ, Zenebe, ZM, Zerfu, TA, Zhang, AL, Zuhlke, LJ, Lopez, AD, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: Background: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. Methods: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to
Published: 2017

16. Health in times of uncertainty in the eastern Mediterranean region, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author: Mokdad, AH, Forouzanfar, MH, Daoud, F, El Bcheraoui, C, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Khalil, I, Afshin, A, Tuffaha, M, Charara, R, Barber, RM, Wagner, J, Cercy, K, Kravitz, H, Coates, MM, Robinson, M, Estep, K, Steiner, C, Jaber, S, Mokdad, AA, O'Rourke, KF, Chew, A, Kim, P, El Razek, MMA, Abdalla, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abraham, JP, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Al-Nehmi, AA, Akanda, AS, Al Ahmadi, H, Al Khabouri, MJ, Al Lami, FH, Al Rayess, ZA, Alasfoor, D, AlBuhairan, FS, Aldhahri, SF, Alghnam, S, Alhabib, S, Al-Hamad, N, Ali, R, Ali, SD, Alkhateeb, M, AlMazroa, MA, Alomari, MA, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Al-Sheyab, N, Alsowaidi, S, Al-Thani, M, Altirkawi, KA, Amare, AT, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anwari, P, Asayesh, H, Asghar, R, Assabri, AM, Assadi, R, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bakfalouni, T, Basulaiman, MO, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Bhakta, AR, Bhutta, ZA, Bin Abdulhak, AA, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Danawi, H, Das, J, Deribew, A, Ding, EL, Durrani, AM, Elshrek, Y, Ibrahim, ME, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Faghmous, IAD, Farzadfar, F, Feigl, AB, Fereshtehnejad, SM, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gankpé, FG, Ginawi, I, Mokdad, AH, Forouzanfar, MH, Daoud, F, El Bcheraoui, C, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Khalil, I, Afshin, A, Tuffaha, M, Charara, R, Barber, RM, Wagner, J, Cercy, K, Kravitz, H, Coates, MM, Robinson, M, Estep, K, Steiner, C, Jaber, S, Mokdad, AA, O'Rourke, KF, Chew, A, Kim, P, El Razek, MMA, Abdalla, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abraham, JP, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Al-Nehmi, AA, Akanda, AS, Al Ahmadi, H, Al Khabouri, MJ, Al Lami, FH, Al Rayess, ZA, Alasfoor, D, AlBuhairan, FS, Aldhahri, SF, Alghnam, S, Alhabib, S, Al-Hamad, N, Ali, R, Ali, SD, Alkhateeb, M, AlMazroa, MA, Alomari, MA, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Al-Sheyab, N, Alsowaidi, S, Al-Thani, M, Altirkawi, KA, Amare, AT, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anwari, P, Asayesh, H, Asghar, R, Assabri, AM, Assadi, R, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bakfalouni, T, Basulaiman, MO, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Bhakta, AR, Bhutta, ZA, Bin Abdulhak, AA, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Danawi, H, Das, J, Deribew, A, Ding, EL, Durrani, AM, Elshrek, Y, Ibrahim, ME, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Faghmous, IAD, Farzadfar, F, Feigl, AB, Fereshtehnejad, SM, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gankpé, FG, and Ginawi, I
Abstract: © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Background The eastern Mediterranean region is comprised of 22 countries: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Since our Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010), the region has faced unrest as a result of revolutions, wars, and the so-called Arab uprisings. The objective of this study was to present the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in the eastern Mediterranean region as of 2013. Methods GBD 2013 includes an annual assessment covering 188 countries from 1990 to 2013. The study covers 306 diseases and injuries, 1233 sequelae, and 79 risk factors. Our GBD 2013 analyses included the addition of new data through updated systematic reviews and through the contribution of unpublished data sources from collaborators, an updated version of modelling software, and several improvements in our methods. In this systematic analysis, we use data from GBD 2013 to analyse the burden of disease and injuries in the eastern Mediterranean region specifically. Findings The leading cause of death in the region in 2013 was ischaemic heart disease (90·3 deaths per 100 000 people), which increased by 17·2% since 1990. However, diarrhoeal diseases were the leading cause of death in Somalia (186·7 deaths per 100 000 people) in 2013, which decreased by 26·9% since 1990. The leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) was ischaemic heart disease for males and lower respiratory infection for females. High blood pressure was the leading risk factor for DALYs in 2013, with an increase of 83·3% since 1990. Risk factors for DALYs varied by country. In low-income countries, childhood wasting was the leading cause of DALYs in Afghanistan, Somalia, and Yemen, whereas unsafe sex was the leading ca
Published: 2016

17. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Kassebaum, NJ, Arora, M, Barber, RM, Brown, J, Carter, A, Casey, DC, Charlson, FJ, Coates, MM, Coggeshall, M, Cornaby, L, Dandona, L, Dicker, DJ, Erskine, HE, Ferrari, AJ, Fitzmaurice, C, Foreman, K, Forouzanfar, MH, Fullman, N, Goldberg, EM, Graetz, N, Haagsma, JA, Hay, SI, Johnson, CO, Kemmer, L, Khalil, IA, Kinfu, Y, Kutz, MJ, Kyu, HH, Leung, J, Lim, SS, Lozano, R, Mikesell, J, Mokdad, AH, Mooney, MD, Naghavi, M, Nguyen, G, Nsoesie, E, Pigott, DM, Pinho, C, Rankin, Z, Reinig, N, Sandar, L, Smith, A, Sorensen, RJD, Stanaway, J, Steiner, C, Teeple, S, Thomas, BA, Troeger, C, VanderZanden, A, Wagner, JA, Wanga, V, Whiteford, HA, Zhou, M, Zoeckler, L, Achoki, T, Afshin, A, Alexander, LT, Allen, C, Anderson, GM, Bell, B, Bienhoff, K, Biryukov, S, Blore, JD, Estep, K, Friedman, J, Frostad, J, Godwin, WW, Liu, PY, Masiye, F, Millear, A, Mirarefin, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Mumford, JE, Ng, M, Reitsma, MB, Reynolds, A, Roth, GA, Sur, PJ, Vollset, SE, Vos, T, Lopez, AD, Murray, CJL, Ellenbogen, RG, Mock, CN, Anderson, BO, Futran, ND, Bhutta, ZA, Nisar, MI, Akseer, N, deVeber, GA, Abajobir, AA, Knibbs, LD, Lalloo, R, Alam, NKM, Gouda, HN, Guo, Y, McGrath, JJ, Jeemon, P, Kassebaum, NJ, Arora, M, Barber, RM, Brown, J, Carter, A, Casey, DC, Charlson, FJ, Coates, MM, Coggeshall, M, Cornaby, L, Dandona, L, Dicker, DJ, Erskine, HE, Ferrari, AJ, Fitzmaurice, C, Foreman, K, Forouzanfar, MH, Fullman, N, Goldberg, EM, Graetz, N, Haagsma, JA, Hay, SI, Johnson, CO, Kemmer, L, Khalil, IA, Kinfu, Y, Kutz, MJ, Kyu, HH, Leung, J, Lim, SS, Lozano, R, Mikesell, J, Mokdad, AH, Mooney, MD, Naghavi, M, Nguyen, G, Nsoesie, E, Pigott, DM, Pinho, C, Rankin, Z, Reinig, N, Sandar, L, Smith, A, Sorensen, RJD, Stanaway, J, Steiner, C, Teeple, S, Thomas, BA, Troeger, C, VanderZanden, A, Wagner, JA, Wanga, V, Whiteford, HA, Zhou, M, Zoeckler, L, Achoki, T, Afshin, A, Alexander, LT, Allen, C, Anderson, GM, Bell, B, Bienhoff, K, Biryukov, S, Blore, JD, Estep, K, Friedman, J, Frostad, J, Godwin, WW, Liu, PY, Masiye, F, Millear, A, Mirarefin, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Mumford, JE, Ng, M, Reitsma, MB, Reynolds, A, Roth, GA, Sur, PJ, Vollset, SE, Vos, T, Lopez, AD, Murray, CJL, Ellenbogen, RG, Mock, CN, Anderson, BO, Futran, ND, Bhutta, ZA, Nisar, MI, Akseer, N, deVeber, GA, Abajobir, AA, Knibbs, LD, Lalloo, R, Alam, NKM, Gouda, HN, Guo, Y, McGrath, JJ, and Jeemon, P
Published: 2016

18. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Forouzanfar, MH, Afshin, A, Alexander, LT, Biryukov, S, Brauer, M, Cercy, K, Charlson, FJ, Cohen, AJ, Dandona, L, Estep, K, Ferrari, AJ, Frostad, JJ, Fullman, N, Godwin, WW, Griswold, M, Hay, SI, Kyu, HH, Larson, HJ, Lim, SS, Liu, PY, Lopez, AD, Lozano, R, Marczak, L, Mokdad, AH, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Naghavi, M, Reitsma, MB, Roth, GA, Sur, PJ, Vos, T, Wagner, JA, Wang, H, Zhao, Y, Zhou, M, Barber, RM, Bell, B, Blore, JD, Casey, DC, Coates, MM, Cooperrider, K, Cornaby, L, Dicker, D, Erskine, HE, Fleming, T, Foreman, K, Gakidou, E, Haagsma, JA, Johnson, CO, Kemmer, L, Ku, T, Leung, J, Masiye, F, Millear, A, Mirarefin, M, Misganaw, A, Mullany, E, Mumford, JE, Ng, M, Olsen, H, Rao, P, Reinig, N, Roman, Y, Sandar, L, Santomauro, DF, Slepak, EL, Sorensen, RJD, Thomas, BA, Vollset, SE, Whiteford, HA, Zipkin, B, Murray, CJL, Mock, CN, Anderson, BO, Futran, ND, Anderson, HR, Bhutta, ZA, Nisar, MI, Akseer, N, Krueger, H, Gotay, CC, Kissoon, N, Kopec, JA, Pourmalek, F, Burnett, R, Abajobir, AA, Knibbs, LD, Veerman, JL, Lalloo, R, Scott, JG, Alam, NKM, Gouda, HN, Guo, Y, McGrath, JJ, Jeemon, P, Dandona, R, Goenka, S, Kumar, GA, Gething, PW, Bisanzio, D, Deribew, A, Mekonnen, A, Forouzanfar, MH, Afshin, A, Alexander, LT, Biryukov, S, Brauer, M, Cercy, K, Charlson, FJ, Cohen, AJ, Dandona, L, Estep, K, Ferrari, AJ, Frostad, JJ, Fullman, N, Godwin, WW, Griswold, M, Hay, SI, Kyu, HH, Larson, HJ, Lim, SS, Liu, PY, Lopez, AD, Lozano, R, Marczak, L, Mokdad, AH, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Naghavi, M, Reitsma, MB, Roth, GA, Sur, PJ, Vos, T, Wagner, JA, Wang, H, Zhao, Y, Zhou, M, Barber, RM, Bell, B, Blore, JD, Casey, DC, Coates, MM, Cooperrider, K, Cornaby, L, Dicker, D, Erskine, HE, Fleming, T, Foreman, K, Gakidou, E, Haagsma, JA, Johnson, CO, Kemmer, L, Ku, T, Leung, J, Masiye, F, Millear, A, Mirarefin, M, Misganaw, A, Mullany, E, Mumford, JE, Ng, M, Olsen, H, Rao, P, Reinig, N, Roman, Y, Sandar, L, Santomauro, DF, Slepak, EL, Sorensen, RJD, Thomas, BA, Vollset, SE, Whiteford, HA, Zipkin, B, Murray, CJL, Mock, CN, Anderson, BO, Futran, ND, Anderson, HR, Bhutta, ZA, Nisar, MI, Akseer, N, Krueger, H, Gotay, CC, Kissoon, N, Kopec, JA, Pourmalek, F, Burnett, R, Abajobir, AA, Knibbs, LD, Veerman, JL, Lalloo, R, Scott, JG, Alam, NKM, Gouda, HN, Guo, Y, McGrath, JJ, Jeemon, P, Dandona, R, Goenka, S, Kumar, GA, Gething, PW, Bisanzio, D, Deribew, A, and Mekonnen, A
Abstract: Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors—the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015
Published: 2016

19. Health in times of uncertainty in the eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author: Mokdad, AH, Forouzanfar, MH, Daoud, F, El Bcheraoui, C, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Khalil, I, Afshin, A, Tuffaha, M, Charara, R, Barber, RM, Wagner, J, Cercy, K, Kravitz, H, Coates, MM, Robinson, M, Estep, K, Steiner, C, Jaber, S, Mokdad, AA, O'Rourke, KF, Chew, A, Kim, P, El Razek, MMA, Abdalla, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abraham, JP, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Al-Nehmi, AA, Akanda, AS, Al Ahmadi, H, Al Khabouri, MJ, Al Lami, FH, Al Rayess, ZA, Alasfoor, D, AlBuhairan, FS, Aldhahri, SF, Alghnam, S, Alhabib, S, Al-Hamad, N, Ali, R, Ali, SD, Alkhateeb, M, AlMazroa, MA, Alomari, MA, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Al-Sheyab, N, Alsowaidi, S, Al-Thani, M, Altirkawi, KA, Amare, AT, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anwari, P, Asayesh, H, Asghar, R, Assabri, AM, Assadi, R, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bakfalouni, T, Basulaiman, MO, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Bhakta, AR, Bhutta, ZA, Bin Abdulhak, AA, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Danawi, H, Das, J, Deribew, A, Ding, EL, Durrani, AM, Elshrek, Y, Ibrahim, ME, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Faghmous, IAD, Farzadfar, F, Feigl, AB, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gankpe, FG, Ginawi, I, Gishu, MD, Gupta, R, Habash, RM, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamadeh, RR, Hamdouni, H, Hamidi, S, Harb, HL, Hassanvand, MS, Hedayati, MT, Heydarpour, P, Hsairi, M, Husseini, A, Jahanmehr, N, Jha, V, Jonas, JB, Karam, NE, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, NA, Kaul, A, Khader, Y, Khalifa, SEA, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khoja, TK, Khosravi, A, Kinfu, Y, Defo, BK, Balaji, AL, Lunevicius, R, Obermeyer, CM, Malekzadeh, R, Mansourian, M, Marcenes, W, Farid, HM, Mehari, A, Memish, ZA, Mehio-Sibai, A, Mensah, GA, Mohammad, KA, Nahas, Z, Nasher, JT, Nawaz, H, Nejjari, C, Nisar, MI, Omer, SB, Parsaeian, M, Peprah, EK, Pervaiz, A, Pourmalek, F, Qato, DM, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, SU, Rai, RK, Rana, SM, Rao, SR, Refaat, AH, Resnikoff, S, Roshandel, G, Saade, G, Saeedi, MY, Sahraian, MA, Saleh, S, Sanchez-Riera, L, Satpathy, M, Sepanlou, SG, Setegn, T, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shishani, K, Sliwa, K, Tavakkoli, M, Terkawi, AS, Uthman, OA, Westerman, R, Younis, MZ, Zaki, MES, Zannad, F, Roth, GA, Wang, H, Naghavi, M, Vos, T, Al Rabeeah, AA, Lopez, AD, Murray, CJL, Mokdad, AH, Forouzanfar, MH, Daoud, F, El Bcheraoui, C, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Khalil, I, Afshin, A, Tuffaha, M, Charara, R, Barber, RM, Wagner, J, Cercy, K, Kravitz, H, Coates, MM, Robinson, M, Estep, K, Steiner, C, Jaber, S, Mokdad, AA, O'Rourke, KF, Chew, A, Kim, P, El Razek, MMA, Abdalla, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abraham, JP, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Al-Nehmi, AA, Akanda, AS, Al Ahmadi, H, Al Khabouri, MJ, Al Lami, FH, Al Rayess, ZA, Alasfoor, D, AlBuhairan, FS, Aldhahri, SF, Alghnam, S, Alhabib, S, Al-Hamad, N, Ali, R, Ali, SD, Alkhateeb, M, AlMazroa, MA, Alomari, MA, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Al-Sheyab, N, Alsowaidi, S, Al-Thani, M, Altirkawi, KA, Amare, AT, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anwari, P, Asayesh, H, Asghar, R, Assabri, AM, Assadi, R, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bakfalouni, T, Basulaiman, MO, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Bhakta, AR, Bhutta, ZA, Bin Abdulhak, AA, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Danawi, H, Das, J, Deribew, A, Ding, EL, Durrani, AM, Elshrek, Y, Ibrahim, ME, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Faghmous, IAD, Farzadfar, F, Feigl, AB, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gankpe, FG, Ginawi, I, Gishu, MD, Gupta, R, Habash, RM, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamadeh, RR, Hamdouni, H, Hamidi, S, Harb, HL, Hassanvand, MS, Hedayati, MT, Heydarpour, P, Hsairi, M, Husseini, A, Jahanmehr, N, Jha, V, Jonas, JB, Karam, NE, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, NA, Kaul, A, Khader, Y, Khalifa, SEA, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khoja, TK, Khosravi, A, Kinfu, Y, Defo, BK, Balaji, AL, Lunevicius, R, Obermeyer, CM, Malekzadeh, R, Mansourian, M, Marcenes, W, Farid, HM, Mehari, A, Memish, ZA, Mehio-Sibai, A, Mensah, GA, Mohammad, KA, Nahas, Z, Nasher, JT, Nawaz, H, Nejjari, C, Nisar, MI, Omer, SB, Parsaeian, M, Peprah, EK, Pervaiz, A, Pourmalek, F, Qato, DM, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, SU, Rai, RK, Rana, SM, Rao, SR, Refaat, AH, Resnikoff, S, Roshandel, G, Saade, G, Saeedi, MY, Sahraian, MA, Saleh, S, Sanchez-Riera, L, Satpathy, M, Sepanlou, SG, Setegn, T, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shishani, K, Sliwa, K, Tavakkoli, M, Terkawi, AS, Uthman, OA, Westerman, R, Younis, MZ, Zaki, MES, Zannad, F, Roth, GA, Wang, H, Naghavi, M, Vos, T, Al Rabeeah, AA, Lopez, AD, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The eastern Mediterranean region is comprised of 22 countries: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Since our Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010), the region has faced unrest as a result of revolutions, wars, and the so-called Arab uprisings. The objective of this study was to present the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in the eastern Mediterranean region as of 2013. METHODS: GBD 2013 includes an annual assessment covering 188 countries from 1990 to 2013. The study covers 306 diseases and injuries, 1233 sequelae, and 79 risk factors. Our GBD 2013 analyses included the addition of new data through updated systematic reviews and through the contribution of unpublished data sources from collaborators, an updated version of modelling software, and several improvements in our methods. In this systematic analysis, we use data from GBD 2013 to analyse the burden of disease and injuries in the eastern Mediterranean region specifically. FINDINGS: The leading cause of death in the region in 2013 was ischaemic heart disease (90·3 deaths per 100 000 people), which increased by 17·2% since 1990. However, diarrhoeal diseases were the leading cause of death in Somalia (186·7 deaths per 100 000 people) in 2013, which decreased by 26·9% since 1990. The leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) was ischaemic heart disease for males and lower respiratory infection for females. High blood pressure was the leading risk factor for DALYs in 2013, with an increase of 83·3% since 1990. Risk factors for DALYs varied by country. In low-income countries, childhood wasting was the leading cause of DALYs in Afghanistan, Somalia, and Yemen, whereas unsafe sex was the leading cause in Djibouti. Non-communicable risk factors were the leading cause of DALYs in high-income and mid
Published: 2016

20. Cause-specific mortality for 240 causes in China during 1990-2013: a systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author: Zhou, M, Wang, H, Zhu, J, Chen, W, Wang, L, Liu, S, Li, Y, Liu, Y, Yin, P, Liu, J, Yu, S, Tan, F, Barber, RM, Coates, MM, Dicker, D, Fraser, M, Gonzalez-Medina, D, Hamavid, H, Hao, Y, Hu, G, Jiang, G, Kan, H, Lopez, AD, Phillips, MR, She, J, Vos, T, Wan, X, Xu, G, Yan, LL, Yu, C, Zhao, Y, Zheng, Y, Zou, X, Naghavi, M, Wang, Y, Murray, CJL, Yang, G, Liang, X, Zhou, M, Wang, H, Zhu, J, Chen, W, Wang, L, Liu, S, Li, Y, Liu, Y, Yin, P, Liu, J, Yu, S, Tan, F, Barber, RM, Coates, MM, Dicker, D, Fraser, M, Gonzalez-Medina, D, Hamavid, H, Hao, Y, Hu, G, Jiang, G, Kan, H, Lopez, AD, Phillips, MR, She, J, Vos, T, Wan, X, Xu, G, Yan, LL, Yu, C, Zhao, Y, Zheng, Y, Zou, X, Naghavi, M, Wang, Y, Murray, CJL, Yang, G, and Liang, X
Abstract: BACKGROUND: China has experienced a remarkable epidemiological and demographic transition during the past three decades. Far less is known about this transition at the subnational level. Timely and accurate assessment of the provincial burden of disease is needed for evidence-based priority setting at the local level in China. METHODS: Following the methods of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we have systematically analysed all available demographic and epidemiological data sources for China at the provincial level. We developed methods to aggregate county-level surveillance data to inform provincial-level analysis, and we used local data to develop specific garbage code redistribution procedures for China. We assessed levels of and trends in all-cause mortality, causes of death, and years of life lost (YLL) in all 33 province-level administrative units in mainland China, all of which we refer to as provinces, for the years between 1990 and 2013. FINDINGS: All provinces in mainland China have made substantial strides to improve life expectancy at birth between 1990 and 2013. Increases ranged from 4.0 years in Hebei province to 14.2 years in Tibet. Improvements in female life expectancy exceeded those in male life expectancy in all provinces except Shanghai, Macao, and Hong Kong. We saw significant heterogeneity among provinces in life expectancy at birth and probability of death at ages 0-14, 15-49, and 50-74 years. Such heterogeneity is also present in cause of death structures between sexes and provinces. From 1990 to 2013, leading causes of YLLs changed substantially. In 1990, 16 of 33 provinces had lower respiratory infections or preterm birth complications as the leading causes of YLLs. 15 provinces had cerebrovascular disease and two (Hong Kong and Macao) had ischaemic heart disease. By 2013, 27 provinces had cerebrovascular disease as the leading cause, five had ischaemic heart disease, and one had lung cancer (Hong Kong). Road injuries hav
Published: 2016

21. Global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for young people's health during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author: Mokdad, AH, Forouzanfar, MH, Daoud, F, Mokdad, AA, El Bcheraoui, C, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Kyu, HH, Barber, RM, Wagner, J, Cercy, K, Kravitz, H, Coggeshall, M, Chew, A, O'Rourke, KF, Steiner, C, Tuffaha, M, Charara, R, Al-Ghamdi, EA, Adi, Y, Afifi, RA, Alahmadi, H, AlBuhairan, F, Allen, N, AlMazroa, M, Al-Nehmi, AA, AlRayess, Z, Arora, M, Azzopardi, P, Barroso, C, Basulaiman, M, Bhutta, ZA, Bonell, C, Breinbauer, C, Degenhardt, L, Denno, D, Fang, J, Fatusi, A, Feigl, AB, Kakuma, R, Karam, N, Kennedy, E, Khoja, TKAM, Maalouf, F, Obermeyer, CM, Mattoo, A, McGovern, T, Memish, ZA, Mensah, GA, Patel, V, Petroni, S, Reavley, N, Zertuche, DR, Saeedi, M, Santelli, J, Sawyer, SM, Ssewamala, F, Taiwo, K, Tantawy, M, Viner, RM, Waldfogel, J, Zuniga, MP, Naghavi, M, Wang, H, Vos, T, Lopez, AD, Al Rabeeah, AA, Patton, GC, Murray, CJL, Mokdad, AH, Forouzanfar, MH, Daoud, F, Mokdad, AA, El Bcheraoui, C, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Kyu, HH, Barber, RM, Wagner, J, Cercy, K, Kravitz, H, Coggeshall, M, Chew, A, O'Rourke, KF, Steiner, C, Tuffaha, M, Charara, R, Al-Ghamdi, EA, Adi, Y, Afifi, RA, Alahmadi, H, AlBuhairan, F, Allen, N, AlMazroa, M, Al-Nehmi, AA, AlRayess, Z, Arora, M, Azzopardi, P, Barroso, C, Basulaiman, M, Bhutta, ZA, Bonell, C, Breinbauer, C, Degenhardt, L, Denno, D, Fang, J, Fatusi, A, Feigl, AB, Kakuma, R, Karam, N, Kennedy, E, Khoja, TKAM, Maalouf, F, Obermeyer, CM, Mattoo, A, McGovern, T, Memish, ZA, Mensah, GA, Patel, V, Petroni, S, Reavley, N, Zertuche, DR, Saeedi, M, Santelli, J, Sawyer, SM, Ssewamala, F, Taiwo, K, Tantawy, M, Viner, RM, Waldfogel, J, Zuniga, MP, Naghavi, M, Wang, H, Vos, T, Lopez, AD, Al Rabeeah, AA, Patton, GC, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Young people's health has emerged as a neglected yet pressing issue in global development. Changing patterns of young people's health have the potential to undermine future population health as well as global economic development unless timely and effective strategies are put into place. We report the past, present, and anticipated burden of disease in young people aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2013 using data on mortality, disability, injuries, and health risk factors. METHODS: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) includes annual assessments for 188 countries from 1990 to 2013, covering 306 diseases and injuries, 1233 sequelae, and 79 risk factors. We used the comparative risk assessment approach to assess how much of the burden of disease reported in a given year can be attributed to past exposure to a risk. We estimated attributable burden by comparing observed health outcomes with those that would have been observed if an alternative or counterfactual level of exposure had occurred in the past. We applied the same method to previous years to allow comparisons from 1990 to 2013. We cross-tabulated the quantiles of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by quintiles of DALYs annual increase from 1990 to 2013 to show rates of DALYs increase by burden. We used the GBD 2013 hierarchy of causes that organises 306 diseases and injuries into four levels of classification. Level one distinguishes three broad categories: first, communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders; second, non-communicable diseases; and third, injuries. Level two has 21 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories, level three has 163 categories, and level four has 254 categories. FINDINGS: The leading causes of death in 2013 for young people aged 10-14 years were HIV/AIDS, road injuries, and drowning (25·2%), whereas transport injuries were the leading cause of death for ages 15-19 years (14·2%) and 20-24 years (15·6%). Maternal disorders were
Published: 2016

22. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Kassebaum, NJ, Barber, RM, Bhutta, ZA, Dandona, L, Gething, PW, Hay, SI, Kinfu, Y, Larson, HJ, Liang, X, Lim, SS, Lopez, AD, Lozano, R, Mensah, GA, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Pinho, C, Salomon, JA, Steiner, C, Vos, T, Wang, H, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdallat, MA, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abubakar, I, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Achoki, T, Adebiyi, AO, Adedeji, IA, Adelekan, AL, Adou, AK, Afanvi, KA, Agarwal, A, Kiadaliri, AA, Ajala, ON, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, NKM, Alasfoor, D, Aldhahri, SF, Aldridge, RW, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amberbir, A, Amegah, AK, Ammar, W, Amrock, SM, Andersen, HH, Anderson, GM, Antoine, RM, Antonio, CAT, Aregay, AF, Arnlov, J, Arora, M, Arsenijevic, VSA, Al, A, Asayesh, H, Atique, S, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bahit, MC, Balakrishnan, K, Banerjee, A, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Bayou, TA, Bayou, YT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Beardsley, J, Bedi, NW, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Betsu, BD, Beyene, AS, Biadgilign, S, Bikbov, B, Bin Abdulhak, AA, Biroscak, BJ, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bjertness, E, Blore, JD, Brainin, M, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brugha, TS, Butt, ZA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Campuzano, JC, Cardenas, R, Carrero, JJ, Carter, A, Casey, DC, Castaneda-Oquela, CA, Castro, RE, Catala-Lopez, F, Cavalleri, F, Chang, H-Y, Chang, J-C, Chavan, L, Chibueze, CE, Chisumpa, VH, Choi, J-YJ, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Coates, MM, Coggeshall, M, Colistro, V, Colquhoun, SM, Cooper, C, Cooper, LT, Cortinovis, M, Dahiru, T, Damasceno, A, Danawi, H, Dandona, R, Das Neves, J, De Leo, D, Dellavalle, RP, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Jarlais, DCD, Dharmaratne, SD, Dicker, DJ, Ding, EL, Dossou, E, Dubey, M, Ebel, BE, Ellingsen, CL, Elyazar, I, Endries, AY, Ermakov, SP, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Faraon, EJA, Farid, TA, Farinha, CSES, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, JC, Fischer, F, Fitchett, JRA, Fleming, T, Gt, NF, Franca, EB, Franklin, RC, Fraser, MS, Friedman, J, Pullman, N, Furst, T, Futran, ND, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gebre, T, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremedhin, M, Gebru, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Gibney, KB, Giref, AZ, Giroud, M, Gishu, MD, Glaser, E, Goenka, S, Gomez-Dantes, H, Gona, P, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, SV, Goto, A, Graetz, N, Gugnani, HC, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, AD, Hailu, GB, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hancock, J, Handal, AJ, Hankey, GJ, Harb, HL, Harikrishnan, S, Harun, KM, Havmoeller, R, Hoek, HW, Horino, M, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Hoy, DG, Htet, AS, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, JJ, Huybrechts, I, Huynh, C, Iannarone, M, Iburg, KM, Idrisov, BT, Iyer, VJ, Jacobsen, KH, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, MB, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, AU, Jee, SH, Jeemon, P, Jha, V, Jiang, G, Jiang, Y, Jibat, T, Jonas, JB, Kabir, Z, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karletsos, D, Kasaeian, A, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kayibanda, JF, Kazanjan, K, Kazi, DS, Keiyoro, PN, Kemmer, L, Kemp, AH, Kengne, AP, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, CN, Khader, YS, Khan, AR, Khan, EA, Khang, Y-H, Khonelidze, I, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, YJ, Kivipelto, M, Knibbs, LD, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Krishnaswami, S, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kudom, AA, Kulikoff, XR, Kulkarni, C, Kumar, GA, Kutz, MJ, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lam, H, Lamadrid-Figueroa, H, Lan, Q, Larsson, A, Laryea, DO, Leigh, J, Leung, R, Li, Y, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, PY, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Lloyd, BK, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Ma, S, El Razek, HMA, El Razek, MMA, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Mapoma, CC, Marcenes, W, Margolis, DJ, Marquez, N, Masiye, F, Marzan, MB, Mason-Jones, AJ, Mazorodze, TT, Meaney, PA, Mehari, A, Mehndiratta, MM, Mena-Rodriguez, F, Mekonnen, AB, Melaku, YA, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mhimbira, FA, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Mirarefin, M, Misganaw, A, Ibrahim, NM, Mohammad, KA, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, S, Mola, GLD, Monasta, L, Monis, JDLC, Hernandez, JCM, Montero, P, Montico, M, Mooney, MD, Moore, AR, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Mueller, U, Murthy, GVS, Murthy, S, Nachega, JB, Naheed, A, Naldi, L, Nand, D, Nangia, V, Nash, D, Neupane, S, Newton, JN, Ng, M, Ngalesoni, FN, Nguhiu, P, Nguyen, G, Le Nguyen, Q, Nisar, MI, Nomura, M, Norheim, OF, Norman, RE, Nyakarahuka, L, Obermeyer, CM, Ogbo, FA, Oh, I-H, Ojelabi, FA, Olivares, PR, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Opio, JN, Oren, E, Ota, E, Oyekale, AS, Pa, M, Pain, A, Papantoniou, N, Park, E-K, Park, H-Y, Caicedo, AJP, Patten, SB, Paul, VK, Pereira, DM, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Phillips, MR, Pillay, JD, Pishgar, F, Polinder, S, Pope, D, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, SU, Rai, RK, Ram, U, Ranabhat, CL, Rangaswamy, T, Rao, PV, Refaat, AH, Remuzzi, G, Violante, FS, Kassebaum, NJ, Barber, RM, Bhutta, ZA, Dandona, L, Gething, PW, Hay, SI, Kinfu, Y, Larson, HJ, Liang, X, Lim, SS, Lopez, AD, Lozano, R, Mensah, GA, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Pinho, C, Salomon, JA, Steiner, C, Vos, T, Wang, H, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdallat, MA, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abubakar, I, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Achoki, T, Adebiyi, AO, Adedeji, IA, Adelekan, AL, Adou, AK, Afanvi, KA, Agarwal, A, Kiadaliri, AA, Ajala, ON, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, NKM, Alasfoor, D, Aldhahri, SF, Aldridge, RW, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amberbir, A, Amegah, AK, Ammar, W, Amrock, SM, Andersen, HH, Anderson, GM, Antoine, RM, Antonio, CAT, Aregay, AF, Arnlov, J, Arora, M, Arsenijevic, VSA, Al, A, Asayesh, H, Atique, S, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bahit, MC, Balakrishnan, K, Banerjee, A, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Bayou, TA, Bayou, YT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Beardsley, J, Bedi, NW, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Betsu, BD, Beyene, AS, Biadgilign, S, Bikbov, B, Bin Abdulhak, AA, Biroscak, BJ, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bjertness, E, Blore, JD, Brainin, M, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brugha, TS, Butt, ZA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Campuzano, JC, Cardenas, R, Carrero, JJ, Carter, A, Casey, DC, Castaneda-Oquela, CA, Castro, RE, Catala-Lopez, F, Cavalleri, F, Chang, H-Y, Chang, J-C, Chavan, L, Chibueze, CE, Chisumpa, VH, Choi, J-YJ, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Coates, MM, Coggeshall, M, Colistro, V, Colquhoun, SM, Cooper, C, Cooper, LT, Cortinovis, M, Dahiru, T, Damasceno, A, Danawi, H, Dandona, R, Das Neves, J, De Leo, D, Dellavalle, RP, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Jarlais, DCD, Dharmaratne, SD, Dicker, DJ, Ding, EL, Dossou, E, Dubey, M, Ebel, BE, Ellingsen, CL, Elyazar, I, Endries, AY, Ermakov, SP, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Faraon, EJA, Farid, TA, Farinha, CSES, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, JC, Fischer, F, Fitchett, JRA, Fleming, T, Gt, NF, Franca, EB, Franklin, RC, Fraser, MS, Friedman, J, Pullman, N, Furst, T, Futran, ND, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gebre, T, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremedhin, M, Gebru, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Gibney, KB, Giref, AZ, Giroud, M, Gishu, MD, Glaser, E, Goenka, S, Gomez-Dantes, H, Gona, P, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, SV, Goto, A, Graetz, N, Gugnani, HC, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, AD, Hailu, GB, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hancock, J, Handal, AJ, Hankey, GJ, Harb, HL, Harikrishnan, S, Harun, KM, Havmoeller, R, Hoek, HW, Horino, M, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Hoy, DG, Htet, AS, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, JJ, Huybrechts, I, Huynh, C, Iannarone, M, Iburg, KM, Idrisov, BT, Iyer, VJ, Jacobsen, KH, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, MB, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, AU, Jee, SH, Jeemon, P, Jha, V, Jiang, G, Jiang, Y, Jibat, T, Jonas, JB, Kabir, Z, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karletsos, D, Kasaeian, A, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kayibanda, JF, Kazanjan, K, Kazi, DS, Keiyoro, PN, Kemmer, L, Kemp, AH, Kengne, AP, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, CN, Khader, YS, Khan, AR, Khan, EA, Khang, Y-H, Khonelidze, I, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, YJ, Kivipelto, M, Knibbs, LD, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Krishnaswami, S, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kudom, AA, Kulikoff, XR, Kulkarni, C, Kumar, GA, Kutz, MJ, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lam, H, Lamadrid-Figueroa, H, Lan, Q, Larsson, A, Laryea, DO, Leigh, J, Leung, R, Li, Y, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, PY, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Lloyd, BK, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Ma, S, El Razek, HMA, El Razek, MMA, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Mapoma, CC, Marcenes, W, Margolis, DJ, Marquez, N, Masiye, F, Marzan, MB, Mason-Jones, AJ, Mazorodze, TT, Meaney, PA, Mehari, A, Mehndiratta, MM, Mena-Rodriguez, F, Mekonnen, AB, Melaku, YA, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mhimbira, FA, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Mirarefin, M, Misganaw, A, Ibrahim, NM, Mohammad, KA, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, S, Mola, GLD, Monasta, L, Monis, JDLC, Hernandez, JCM, Montero, P, Montico, M, Mooney, MD, Moore, AR, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Mueller, U, Murthy, GVS, Murthy, S, Nachega, JB, Naheed, A, Naldi, L, Nand, D, Nangia, V, Nash, D, Neupane, S, Newton, JN, Ng, M, Ngalesoni, FN, Nguhiu, P, Nguyen, G, Le Nguyen, Q, Nisar, MI, Nomura, M, Norheim, OF, Norman, RE, Nyakarahuka, L, Obermeyer, CM, Ogbo, FA, Oh, I-H, Ojelabi, FA, Olivares, PR, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Opio, JN, Oren, E, Ota, E, Oyekale, AS, Pa, M, Pain, A, Papantoniou, N, Park, E-K, Park, H-Y, Caicedo, AJP, Patten, SB, Paul, VK, Pereira, DM, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Phillips, MR, Pillay, JD, Pishgar, F, Polinder, S, Pope, D, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, SU, Rai, RK, Ram, U, Ranabhat, CL, Rangaswamy, T, Rao, PV, Refaat, AH, Remuzzi, G, and Violante, FS
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015. METHODS: We estimated maternal mortality at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2015 for ages 10-54 years by systematically compiling and processing all available data sources from 186 of 195 countries and territories, 11 of which were analysed at the subnational level. We quantified eight underlying causes of maternal death and four timing categories, improving estimation methods since GBD 2013 for adult all-cause mortality, HIV-related maternal mortality, and late maternal death. Secondary analyses then allowed systematic examination of drivers of trends, including the relation between maternal mortality and coverage of specific reproductive health-care services as well as assessment of observed versus expected maternal mortality as a function of Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. FINDINGS: Only ten countries achieved MDG 5, but 122 of 195 countries have already met SDG 3.1. Geographical disparities widened between 1990 and 2015 and, in 2015, 24 countries still had a maternal mortality ratio greater than 400. The proportion of all maternal deaths occurring in the bottom two SDI quintiles, where haemorrhage is the dominant cause of maternal death, increased from roughly 68% in 1990 to more than 80% in 2015. The middle SDI quintile improved the most from 1990 to 2015, but also has the most complicated causal profile. Maternal mortality in the highest SDI quintile is mostly due to other direct maternal disorders, indirect maternal disorders, and abortion, ectopic pregnancy
Published: 2016

23. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: Quantifying the epidemiological transition

Author: Murray, CJL, Barber, RM, Foreman, KJ, Ozgoren, AA, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abraham, JP, Abubakar, I, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Achoki, T, Ackerman, IN, Ademi, Z, Adou, AK, Adsuar, JC, Afshin, A, Agardh, EE, Alam, SS, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alegretti, MA, Alemu, ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Almazroa, MA, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ameh, EA, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, HR, Anderson, BO, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arnlöv, J, Arsenijevic, VSA, Artaman, A, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atkins, LS, Avila, MA, Awuah, B, Bachman, VF, Badawi, A, Bahit, MC, Balakrishnan, K, Banerjee, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, LH, Basu, A, Basu, S, Basulaiman, MO, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Bernabé, E, Bertozzi-Villa, A, Beyene, TJ, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhutta, ZA, Bienhoff, K, Bikbov, B, Biryukov, S, Blore, JD, Blosser, CD, Blyth, FM, Bohensky, MA, Bolliger, IW, Başara, BB, Bornstein, NM, Bose, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Boyers, LN, Brainin, M, Brayne, CE, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Briggs, AD, Brooks, PM, Brown, JC, Brugha, TS, Buchbinder, R, Buckle, GC, Murray, CJL, Barber, RM, Foreman, KJ, Ozgoren, AA, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abraham, JP, Abubakar, I, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Achoki, T, Ackerman, IN, Ademi, Z, Adou, AK, Adsuar, JC, Afshin, A, Agardh, EE, Alam, SS, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alegretti, MA, Alemu, ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Almazroa, MA, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ameh, EA, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, HR, Anderson, BO, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arnlöv, J, Arsenijevic, VSA, Artaman, A, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atkins, LS, Avila, MA, Awuah, B, Bachman, VF, Badawi, A, Bahit, MC, Balakrishnan, K, Banerjee, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, LH, Basu, A, Basu, S, Basulaiman, MO, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Bernabé, E, Bertozzi-Villa, A, Beyene, TJ, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhutta, ZA, Bienhoff, K, Bikbov, B, Biryukov, S, Blore, JD, Blosser, CD, Blyth, FM, Bohensky, MA, Bolliger, IW, Başara, BB, Bornstein, NM, Bose, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, RRA, Boyers, LN, Brainin, M, Brayne, CE, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Briggs, AD, Brooks, PM, Brown, JC, Brugha, TS, Buchbinder, R, and Buckle, GC
Abstract: Background The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development. Methods We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time. Findings Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6-6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0-65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0-71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9-5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5-59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7-64·8), total DALYs fell by 3·6% (0·3
Published: 2015

24. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author: Vos, T, Barber, RM, Bell, B, Bertozzi-Villa, A, Biryukov, S, Bolliger, I, Charlson, F, Davis, A, Degenhardt, L, Dicker, D, Duan, L, Erskine, H, Feigin, VL, Ferrari, AJ, Fitzmaurice, C, Fleming, T, Graetz, N, Guinovart, C, Haagsma, J, Hansen, GM, Hanson, SW, Heuton, KR, Higashi, H, Kassebaum, N, Kyu, H, Laurie, E, Liang, X, Lofgren, K, Lozano, R, MacIntyre, MF, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Naghavi, M, Nguyen, G, Odell, S, Ortblad, K, Roberts, DA, Roth, GA, Sandar, L, Serina, PT, Stanaway, JD, Steiner, C, Thomas, B, Vollset, SE, Whiteford, H, Wolock, TM, Ye, P, Zhou, M, Ãvila, MA, Aasvang, GM, Abbafati, C, Ozgoren, AA, Abd-Allah, F, Aziz, MIA, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abraham, JP, Abraham, B, Abubakar, I, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Aburto, TC, Achoki, T, Ackerman, IN, Adelekan, A, Ademi, Z, Adou, AK, Adsuar, JC, Arnlov, J, Agardh, EE, Al Khabouri, MJ, Alam, SS, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alegretti, MA, Aleman, AV, Alemu, ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, PJ, AlMazroa, MA, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ameli, O, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, BO, Anderson, HR, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Apfel, H, Arsenijevic, VSA, Artaman, A, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atkins, LS, Atkinson, C, Vos, T, Barber, RM, Bell, B, Bertozzi-Villa, A, Biryukov, S, Bolliger, I, Charlson, F, Davis, A, Degenhardt, L, Dicker, D, Duan, L, Erskine, H, Feigin, VL, Ferrari, AJ, Fitzmaurice, C, Fleming, T, Graetz, N, Guinovart, C, Haagsma, J, Hansen, GM, Hanson, SW, Heuton, KR, Higashi, H, Kassebaum, N, Kyu, H, Laurie, E, Liang, X, Lofgren, K, Lozano, R, MacIntyre, MF, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Naghavi, M, Nguyen, G, Odell, S, Ortblad, K, Roberts, DA, Roth, GA, Sandar, L, Serina, PT, Stanaway, JD, Steiner, C, Thomas, B, Vollset, SE, Whiteford, H, Wolock, TM, Ye, P, Zhou, M, Ãvila, MA, Aasvang, GM, Abbafati, C, Ozgoren, AA, Abd-Allah, F, Aziz, MIA, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abraham, JP, Abraham, B, Abubakar, I, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Aburto, TC, Achoki, T, Ackerman, IN, Adelekan, A, Ademi, Z, Adou, AK, Adsuar, JC, Arnlov, J, Agardh, EE, Al Khabouri, MJ, Alam, SS, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alegretti, MA, Aleman, AV, Alemu, ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, PJ, AlMazroa, MA, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ameli, O, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, BO, Anderson, HR, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Apfel, H, Arsenijevic, VSA, Artaman, A, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atkins, LS, and Atkinson, C
Abstract: Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-com
Published: 2015

25. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author: Naghavi, M, Wang, H, Lozano, R, Davis, A, Liang, X, Zhou, M, Vollset, SE, Abbasoglu Ozgoren, A, Abdalla, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abdel Aziz, MI, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abraham, B, Abraham, JP, Abuabara, KE, Abubakar, I, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Achoki, T, Adelekan, A, Ademi, Z, Adofo, K, Adou, AK, Adsuar, JC, Ärnlov, J, Agardh, EE, Akena, D, Al Khabouri, MJ, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, M, Alegretti, MA, Aleman, AV, Alemu, ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, MK, Ali, R, Alla, F, Al Lami, F, Allebeck, P, AlMazroa, MA, Al-Shahi Salman, R, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alviz-Guzman, N, Amankwaa, AA, Amare, AT, Ameli, O, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, HR, Anderson, BO, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Apfel, H, Argeseanu Cunningham, S, Arsic Arsenijevic, VS, Artaman, A, Asad, MM, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atkins, LS, Atkinson, C, Badawi, A, Bahit, MC, Bakfalouni, T, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Banerjee, A, Barber, RM, Barker-Collo, SL, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, LH, Barrientos-Gutierrez, T, Basu, A, Basu, S, Basulaiman, MO, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Bertozzi-Villa, A, Beyene, TJ, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bin Abdulhak, A, Biryukov, S, Blore, JD, Blyth, FM, Bohensky, MA, Borges, G, Naghavi, M, Wang, H, Lozano, R, Davis, A, Liang, X, Zhou, M, Vollset, SE, Abbasoglu Ozgoren, A, Abdalla, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abdel Aziz, MI, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abraham, B, Abraham, JP, Abuabara, KE, Abubakar, I, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Achoki, T, Adelekan, A, Ademi, Z, Adofo, K, Adou, AK, Adsuar, JC, Ärnlov, J, Agardh, EE, Akena, D, Al Khabouri, MJ, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, M, Alegretti, MA, Aleman, AV, Alemu, ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho, R, Alhabib, S, Ali, MK, Ali, R, Alla, F, Al Lami, F, Allebeck, P, AlMazroa, MA, Al-Shahi Salman, R, Alsharif, U, Alvarez, E, Alviz-Guzman, N, Amankwaa, AA, Amare, AT, Ameli, O, Amini, H, Ammar, W, Anderson, HR, Anderson, BO, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Apfel, H, Argeseanu Cunningham, S, Arsic Arsenijevic, VS, Artaman, A, Asad, MM, Asghar, RJ, Assadi, R, Atkins, LS, Atkinson, C, Badawi, A, Bahit, MC, Bakfalouni, T, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Banerjee, A, Barber, RM, Barker-Collo, SL, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, LH, Barrientos-Gutierrez, T, Basu, A, Basu, S, Basulaiman, MO, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Bertozzi-Villa, A, Beyene, TJ, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bin Abdulhak, A, Biryukov, S, Blore, JD, Blyth, FM, Bohensky, MA, and Borges, G
Abstract: Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specific all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specific causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-y
Published: 2015

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25 results on '"Barber, RM"'

1. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

2. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

3. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

4. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015 : a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

6. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

8. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

9. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

10. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

11. Erratum: Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S

12. Erratum:Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S0

13. Department of Error.

14. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (vol 390, pg 1423, 2017)

15. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

16. Health in times of uncertainty in the eastern Mediterranean region, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

17. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

18. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

19. Health in times of uncertainty in the eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

20. Cause-specific mortality for 240 causes in China during 1990-2013: a systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

21. Global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for young people's health during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

22. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

23. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: Quantifying the epidemiological transition

24. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

25. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

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