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ImportanceCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability. Early intervention for children younger than 2 years with or at risk of CP is critical. Now that an evidence-based guideline for early accurate diagnosis of CP exists, there is a need to summarize effective, CP-specific early intervention and conduct new trials that harness plasticity to improve function and increase participation. Our recommendations apply primarily to children at high risk of CP or with a diagnosis of CP, aged 0 to 2 years.ObjectiveTo systematically review the best available evidence about CP-specific early interventions across 9 domains promoting motor function, cognitive skills, communication, eating and drinking, vision, sleep, managing muscle tone, musculoskeletal health, and parental support.Evidence reviewThe literature was systematically searched for the best available evidence for intervention for children aged 0 to 2 years at high risk of or with CP. Databases included CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Scopus. Systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were appraised by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) or Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. Recommendations were formed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework and reported according to the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument.FindingsSixteen systematic reviews and 27 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Quality varied. Three best-practice principles were supported for the 9 domains: (1) immediate referral for intervention after a diagnosis of high risk of CP, (2) building parental capacity for attachment, and (3) parental goal-setting at the commencement of intervention. Twenty-eight recommendations (24 for and 4 against) specific to the 9 domains are supported with key evidence: motor function (4 recommendations), cognitive skills (2), communication (7), eating and drinking (2), vision

IMPORTANCE: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability. Early intervention for children younger than 2 years with or at risk of CP is critical. Now that an evidence-based guideline for early accurate diagnosis of CP exists, there is a need to summarize effective, CP-specific early intervention and conduct new trials that harness plasticity to improve function and increase participation. Our recommendations apply primarily to children at high risk of CP or with a diagnosis of CP, aged 0 to 2 years. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the best available evidence about CP-specific early interventions across 9 domains promoting motor function, cognitive skills, communication, eating and drinking, vision, sleep, managing muscle tone, musculoskeletal health, and parental support. EVIDENCE REVIEW: The literature was systematically searched for the best available evidence for intervention for children aged 0 to 2 years at high risk of or with CP. Databases included CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Scopus. Systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were appraised by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) or Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. Recommendations were formed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework and reported according to the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. FINDINGS: Sixteen systematic reviews and 27 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Quality varied. Three best-practice principles were supported for the 9 domains: (1) immediate referral for intervention after a diagnosis of high risk of CP, (2) building parental capacity for attachment, and (3) parental goal-setting at the commencement of intervention. Twenty-eight recommendations (24 for and 4 against) specific to the 9 domains are supported with key evidence: motor function (4 recommendations), cognitive skills (2), communication (7), eating and drinking (

ImportanceCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability. Early intervention for children younger than 2 years with or at risk of CP is critical. Now that an evidence-based guideline for early accurate diagnosis of CP exists, there is a need to summarize effective, CP-specific early intervention and conduct new trials that harness plasticity to improve function and increase participation. Our recommendations apply primarily to children at high risk of CP or with a diagnosis of CP, aged 0 to 2 years.ObjectiveTo systematically review the best available evidence about CP-specific early interventions across 9 domains promoting motor function, cognitive skills, communication, eating and drinking, vision, sleep, managing muscle tone, musculoskeletal health, and parental support.Evidence reviewThe literature was systematically searched for the best available evidence for intervention for children aged 0 to 2 years at high risk of or with CP. Databases included CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Scopus. Systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were appraised by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) or Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. Recommendations were formed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework and reported according to the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument.FindingsSixteen systematic reviews and 27 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Quality varied. Three best-practice principles were supported for the 9 domains: (1) immediate referral for intervention after a diagnosis of high risk of CP, (2) building parental capacity for attachment, and (3) parental goal-setting at the commencement of intervention. Twenty-eight recommendations (24 for and 4 against) specific to the 9 domains are supported with key evidence: motor function (4 recommendations), cognitive skills (2), communication (7), eating and drinking (2), vision

Importance: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability. Early intervention for children younger than 2 years with or at risk of CP is critical. Now that an evidence-based guideline for early accurate diagnosis of CP exists, there is a need to summarize effective, CP-specific early intervention and conduct new trials that harness plasticity to improve function and increase participation. Our recommendations apply primarily to children at high risk of CP or with a diagnosis of CP, aged 0 to 2 years. Objective: To systematically review the best available evidence about CP-specific early interventions across 9 domains promoting motor function, cognitive skills, communication, eating and drinking, vision, sleep, managing muscle tone, musculoskeletal health, and parental support. Evidence Review: The literature was systematically searched for the best available evidence for intervention for children aged 0 to 2 years at high risk of or with CP. Databases included CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Scopus. Systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were appraised by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) or Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. Recommendations were formed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework and reported according to the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Findings: Sixteen systematic reviews and 27 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Quality varied. Three best-practice principles were supported for the 9 domains: (1) immediate referral for intervention after a diagnosis of high risk of CP, (2) building parental capacity for attachment, and (3) parental goal-setting at the commencement of intervention. Twenty-eight recommendations (24 for and 4 against) specific to the 9 domains are supported with key evidence: motor function (4 recommendations), cognitive skills (2), communication (7), eating and drinking (

Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014., Cataloged from PDF version of thesis., Includes bibliographical references (pages 58-65)., New York City spends over two billion dollars each year in the name of economic development. Much of this money goes to subsidize private developers in order to create jobs. However, these projects often fail to produce economic or social benefits for local residents, and sometimes impact residents negatively instead. Though community groups and advocacy organizations have made several attempts to hold the City and developers accountable to community needs, these have been mostly unsuccessful in New York. This thesis examines one case-the redevelopment of the Kingsbridge Armory in the Northwest Bronx-in which community groups and labor unions were able to secure significant community benefits and achieve meaningful participation in the development process. Drawing on key lessons from this case, this thesis proposes a framework to achieve more equitable and democratic economic development in New York City in the future., by Maggie Bancale Tishman., M.C.P.

Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014., Cataloged from PDF version of thesis., Includes bibliographical references (pages 58-65)., New York City spends over two billion dollars each year in the name of economic development. Much of this money goes to subsidize private developers in order to create jobs. However, these projects often fail to produce economic or social benefits for local residents, and sometimes impact residents negatively instead. Though community groups and advocacy organizations have made several attempts to hold the City and developers accountable to community needs, these have been mostly unsuccessful in New York. This thesis examines one case-the redevelopment of the Kingsbridge Armory in the Northwest Bronx-in which community groups and labor unions were able to secure significant community benefits and achieve meaningful participation in the development process. Drawing on key lessons from this case, this thesis proposes a framework to achieve more equitable and democratic economic development in New York City in the future., by Maggie Bancale Tishman., M.C.P.

Background. L’epicondilite laterale è la patologia del gomito più comune. Le evidenze suggeriscono che la causa possa essere infiammatoria o degenerativa. Vengono colpiti i tendini degli estensori di polso che si inseriscono sull’epicondilo laterale causando dolore e limitazione funzionale. Il Kinesio Tape (KT) è uno dei metodi conservativi a cui si può ricorre per il trattamento della patologia. Obiettivi. Valutare l’efficacia del KT in termini di miglioramento del dolore, della funzionalità e della qualità di vita nei pazienti affetti da epicondilite laterale. Disegno dello studio. Revisione Sistematica costruita seguendo il PRISMA Statement. Criteri di eleggibilità. Studi Trial Clinici Randomizzati con partecipanti affetti da epicondilite laterale trattati esclusivamente con KT. Fonti di ricerca. Le banche dati utilizzate sono state: PubMed, PEDro e CINAHAL. Risultati. Gli studi inclusi sono stati 5. In tutti, il KT ha prodotto miglioramenti; tuttavia, si sono osservati miglioramenti significativi a tutti gli outcome solo nei due studi in cui veniva eseguito il follow up a distanza di alcune settimane, rispetto agli studi in cui veniva eseguito subito dopo la fine del trattamento o dopo qualche giorno. Inoltre, nei tre studi che hanno eseguito il follow up a breve distanza dalla fine del trattamento e che confrontavano il trattamento con KT al placebo, non si sono osservati miglioramenti significativi a favore del KT. Conclusioni. Gli studi inclusi nella revisione non hanno dimostrato un chiaro beneficio in favore del KT, se non per i due studi che hanno eseguito il follow up a distanza di alcune settimane. È dunque necessario condurre ulteriori indagini includendo follow up a maggior distanza dalla fine del trattamento, con lo scopo di osservare meglio i miglioramenti significativi che si sono ottenuti nei due studi sopracitati che utilizzavano tali tempistiche; infine, sarebbe opportuno avere anche un gruppo di controllo con cui poi confrontare i risultati.

Background. L’epicondilite laterale è la patologia del gomito più comune. Le evidenze suggeriscono che la causa possa essere infiammatoria o degenerativa. Vengono colpiti i tendini degli estensori di polso che si inseriscono sull’epicondilo laterale causando dolore e limitazione funzionale. Il Kinesio Tape (KT) è uno dei metodi conservativi a cui si può ricorre per il trattamento della patologia. Obiettivi. Valutare l’efficacia del KT in termini di miglioramento del dolore, della funzionalità e della qualità di vita nei pazienti affetti da epicondilite laterale. Disegno dello studio. Revisione Sistematica costruita seguendo il PRISMA Statement. Criteri di eleggibilità. Studi Trial Clinici Randomizzati con partecipanti affetti da epicondilite laterale trattati esclusivamente con KT. Fonti di ricerca. Le banche dati utilizzate sono state: PubMed, PEDro e CINAHAL. Risultati. Gli studi inclusi sono stati 5. In tutti, il KT ha prodotto miglioramenti; tuttavia, si sono osservati miglioramenti significativi a tutti gli outcome solo nei due studi in cui veniva eseguito il follow up a distanza di alcune settimane, rispetto agli studi in cui veniva eseguito subito dopo la fine del trattamento o dopo qualche giorno. Inoltre, nei tre studi che hanno eseguito il follow up a breve distanza dalla fine del trattamento e che confrontavano il trattamento con KT al placebo, non si sono osservati miglioramenti significativi a favore del KT. Conclusioni. Gli studi inclusi nella revisione non hanno dimostrato un chiaro beneficio in favore del KT, se non per i due studi che hanno eseguito il follow up a distanza di alcune settimane. È dunque necessario condurre ulteriori indagini includendo follow up a maggior distanza dalla fine del trattamento, con lo scopo di osservare meglio i miglioramenti significativi che si sono ottenuti nei due studi sopracitati che utilizzavano tali tempistiche; infine, sarebbe opportuno avere anche un gruppo di controllo con cui poi confrontare i risultati.