Author: "Armin" / Database: OAIster - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

9,344 results on '"Armin"'

1. The First-moment Integral Equations for Boundary Layer Flows and Their Application

Author: Kianfar, Armin, Johnson, Perry PJ1, Kianfar, Armin, Kianfar, Armin, Johnson, Perry PJ1, and Kianfar, Armin
Abstract: The enhancement of skin friction drag and surface heat flux by the transition to turbulence is a crucial physical phenomenon in wall-bounded flows. An interpretable mapping of how various flow phenomena such as turbulence and pressure gradient influence these key surface quantities is desirable for advancing our understanding of fundamental flow physics, as well as informing engineering design analysis and developing efficient flow control techniques. To accomplish such a mapping, in this study, integral forms based on the first-moment of conservation equations are developed. The angular momentum integral (AMI) equation, obtained from the first moment of the momentum equation, yields an identity for the skin friction coefficient (friction drag). Furthermore, the moment of (total) enthalpy integral (MTEI) equation, derived from the first moment of the en- ergy equation, provides a mapping for the Stanton number (surface heat flux). This first-moment approach uniquely isolates the skin friction (or surface heat flux) of a laminar BL in a single term that depends only on the Reynolds number (or Peclet number) most relevant to the flow’s engineer- ing context, hence other terms are interpreted as augmentations or reductions relative to the laminar case having the same Reynolds number (or Peclet number).In the case of zero-pressure-gradient incompressible transitional BLs, the AMI and MTEI equations examine the peak friction drag and surface heat flux during the transition. These tools demonstrate and quantify how the streamwise growth of the BL and the mean wall-normal flux resist the extreme growth of turbulent enhancement via Reynolds shear stress. This rapid growth of turbulence during transition imposes near-wall streamwise acceleration that results in a negative wall-normal velocity very close to the wall. For a fully turbulent regime, the explicit turbulent enhancement is the primary process of near-wall momentum (or heat) flux, not molecular transport. Consequent
Published: 2024

2. Clinical investigation of pharmaceutical and lifestyle interventions in persons with chronic kidney disease

Author: Ahmadi, Armin, Roshanravan, Baback1, Ahmadi, Armin, Ahmadi, Armin, Roshanravan, Baback1, and Ahmadi, Armin
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to kidney failure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is aserious medical condition associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and in particular cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. CKD is characterized by a range of complex deleterious physiological and metabolic function alterations including disruptions in lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism; skeletal muscle dysfunction, insulin resistance, and heightened inflammation/oxidative stress. In addition, concurrent comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia further exacerbate cardiometabolic risk and worsen patient outcomes. Emerging evidence suggest that dysfunctional mitochondria have a pivotal role in both the development of CKD and its associated comorbidities highlighting it as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. The goal of my work was to comprehensively explore the diverse pathophysiologies linked to CKD, its nutritional implications, and treatment modalities; and the potential to modify health and outcome by pharmacological and non-pharmacological means. By elucidating the interplay between CKD and metabolic derangements, as well as the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction, we aimed to pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches that address management of CKD and improve patient prognosis. In this dissertation, we have focused on patient-oriented research using metabolic imaging and multi-omics approaches to better understand the pathophysiology of CKD and linking alterations in metabolism with muscle function and physical performance. In doing so, we performed a 2 comprehensive investigation of metabolic, physiological, and cardiometabolic disturbances in CKD. Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive overview of CKD and CKD-related comorbidities as well as metabolic and physiological complications. Chapter 2 investigates the impact of nicotinamide riboside (NR) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) that target mitochondrial metabolism for their p
Published: 2024

3. Investigating the Glycosylation of Immune Cells and Immunoglobulins Through Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Methods

Author: Oloumi, Armin, Lebrilla, Carlito B.1, Oloumi, Armin, Oloumi, Armin, Lebrilla, Carlito B.1, and Oloumi, Armin
Abstract: There have been significant improvements in characterizing glycoproteins and glycans in the recent years. This dissertation focuses on further expanding the tools for glycan and glycoprotein characterizations and investigating the biological roles of glycans on immune cells and antibodies. Chapter I introduces glycans with focus on their biosynthesis, structures, and biological functions especially in the context of immunity and immunoglobulins. Additionally, the analytical tools for studying glycans and glycoproteins are presented. Chapter II uses analytical methods to unravel changes in glycosylation of immune cell membrane and their secreted antibodies (IgG1) with glycoenzyme inhibitors, and monosaccharide supplementations. Furthermore, the interactions of IgG1 glycans with Fc receptors was explored through molecular modeling. Effects of glycan changes on cell transcriptome and viability were also assessed by 3′ Tag-RNA-Seq and cell proliferation assay. This is the first study that explores changes in glycosylation of cell membrane and secreted proteins in parallel and evaluates changes in transcriptome as the result of induced glycan changes with glycoenzyme inhibitors. Chapter III probes deeper into the context of glycosylation changes and their effects on immunity and diseases by identifying antibody glycan biomarkers in a rare autoimmune disease (n=10, pemphigus vulgaris). Additionally, the enrichment of glycan markers on auto-reactive antibodies is demonstrated by capturing the disease specific autoantibodies on Desmoglein-3 (Dsg3) target protein using ELISA, and glycoproteome profiling of the captured antibodies using LC-MS/MS. Chapter IV presents a novel approach for absolute quantitation of proteins, which addresses the issues often encountered in determining protein abundances, namely the lack of protein standards and heterogeneity of PTMs in proteins. This method combines qualitative analysis (protein identification) and quantification (absolute concent
Published: 2024

4. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Naghavi, M, Ong, K, Aali, A, Ababneh, H, Abate, Y, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasian, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahifar, M, Abdoun, M, Abdulah, D, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Abebe, S, Abedi, A, Abegaz, K, Abhilash, E, Abidi, H, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abolmaali, M, Abouzid, M, Aboye, G, Abreu, L, Abrha, W, Abtahi, D, Abu Rumeileh, S, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Accrombessi, M, Adal, T, Adamu, A, Addo, I, Addolorato, G, Adebiyi, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adepoju, A, Adetunji, C, Adetunji, J, Adeyeoluwa, T, Adeyinka, D, Adeyomoye, O, Admass, B, Adnani, Q, Adra, S, Afolabi, A, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Agampodi, S, Agasthi, P, Aggarwal, M, Aghamiri, S, Agide, F, Agodi, A, Agrawal, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadzade, A, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, L, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Akara, E, Akbarialiabad, H, Akinosoglou, K, Akinyemiju, T, Akkaif, M, Akyirem, S, Al Hamad, H, Al Hasan, S, Alahdab, F, Alalalmeh, S, Alalwan, T, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, M, Alam, N, Al-amer, R, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Al-Azzam, S, Albakri, A, Albashtawy, M, Albataineh, M, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Aldawsari, K, Aldhaleei, W, Aldridge, R, Alema, H, Alemayohu, M, Alemi, S, Alemu, Y, Al-Gheethi, A, Alhabib, K, Alhalaiqa, F, Al-Hanawi, M, Ali, A, Ali, L, Ali, M, Ali, R, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alif, S, Alikhani, R, Alimohamadi, Y, Aliyi, A, Aljasir, M, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Al-Marwani, S, Al-Maweri, S, Almazan, J, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almidani, L, Almidani, O, Alomari, M, Al-Omari, B, Alonso, J, Alqahtani, J, Alqalyoobi, S, Alqutaibi, A, Al-Sabah, S, Altaany, Z, Altaf, A, Al-Tawfiq, J, Altirkawi, K, Aluh, D, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alwafi, H, Al-Worafi, Y, Aly, H, Aly, S, Alzoubi, K, Amani, R, Amare, A, Amegbor, P, Ameyaw, E, Amin, T, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amiri, S, Amirzade-Iranaq, M, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Amusa, G, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, D, Andrade, P, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Angus, C, Anil, A, Anil, S, Anoushiravani, A, Ansari, H, Ansariadi, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anvari, S, Anwar, S, Anwer, R, Anyasodor, A, Aqeel, M, Arab, J, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Aravkin, A, Areda, D, Aremu, A, Aremu, O, Ariffin, H, Arkew, M, Armocida, B, Arndt, M, Ärnlöv, J, Arooj, M, Artamonov, A, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, R, Arumugam, A, Asaad, M, Asadi-Lari, M, Asgedom, A, Asghariahmadabad, M, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, M, Aslani, A, Astell-Burt, T, Athar, M, Athari, S, Atinafu, B, Atlaw, H, Atorkey, P, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avan, A, Awedew, A, Aweke, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayatollahi, H, Ayuso-Mateos, J, Ayyoubzadeh, S, Azadnajafabad, S, Azevedo, R, Azzam, A, B, D, Babu, A, Badar, M, Badiye, A, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bah, S, Bahadorikhalili, S, Bahmanziari, N, Bai, R, Baig, A, Baker, J, Bako, A, Bakshi, R, Balakrishnan, S, Balasubramanian, M, Baltatu, O, Bam, K, Banach, M, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, P, Bansal, H, Bansal, K, Barbic, F, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, H, Barrero, L, Barrow, A, Barteit, S, Barua, L, Basharat, Z, Bashiri, A, Basiru, A, Baskaran, P, Basnyat, B, Bassat, Q, Basso, J, Basting, A, Basu, S, Batra, K, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, N, Beaney, T, Bedi, N, Beghi, M, Behboudi, E, Behera, P, Behnoush, A, Behzadifar, M, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Béjot, Y, Belay, S, Belete, C, Bell, M, Bello, M, Bello, O, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bender, R, Bensenor, I, Beran, A, Berezvai, Z, Berhie, A, Berice, B, Bernstein, R, Bertolacci, G, Bettencourt, P, Beyene, K, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhandari, D, Bhangdia, K, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, G, Bhatti, J, Bhatti, M, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Bishai, J, Bisignano, C, Bisulli, F, Biswas, A, Biswas, B, Bitaraf, S, Bitew, B, Bitra, V, Bjørge, T, Boachie, M, Boampong, M, Bobirca, A, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, A, Bogale, E, Bogale, K, Bohlouli, S, Bolarinwa, O, Boloor, A, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora, K, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Borzutzky, A, Bouaoud, S, Boustany, A, Boxe, C, Boyko, E, Brady, O, Braithwaite, D, Brant, L, Brauer, M, Brazinova, A, Brazo-Sayavera, J, Breitborde, N, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briko, A, Briko, N, Britton, G, Brown, J, Brugha, T, Bulamu, N, Bulto, L, Buonsenso, D, Burns, R, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, N, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Calina, D, Cámera, L, Campos, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Capodici, A, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carugno, A, Carvalheiro, C, Carvalho, F, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, A, Cattaruzza, M, Cederroth, C, Cegolon, L, Cembranel, F, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, K, Cerin, E, Cevik, M, Chadwick, J, Chahine, Y, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, P, Chan, J, Chan, R, Chandika, R, Chandrasekar, E, Chang, C, Chang, J, Chanie, G, Charalampous, P, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V, Chaurasia, A, Chen, A, Chen, C, Chen, H, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cheng, C, Cheng, E, Cherbuin, N, Cheru, W, Chien, J, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Ching, P, Chirinos-Caceres, J, Chitheer, A, Cho, W, Chong, B, Chopra, H, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, D, Chukwu, I, Chung, E, Chung, S, Chutiyami, M, Cindi, Z, Cioffi, I, Claassens, M, Claro, R, Coberly, K, Cogen, R, Columbus, A, Comfort, H, Conde, J, Cortese, S, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Costanzo, S, Cousin, E, Couto, R, Cowden, R, Cramer, K, Criqui, M, Cruz-Martins, N, Cuadra-Hernández, S, Culbreth, G, Cullen, P, Cunningham, M, Curado, M, Dadana, S, Dadras, O, Dai, S, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Dalli, L, Damiani, G, Darega Gela, J, Das, J, Das, S, Dascalu, A, Dash, N, Dashti, M, Dastiridou, A, Davey, G, Dávila-Cervantes, C, Davis Weaver, N, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, de Luca, K, Debele, A, Debopadhaya, S, Degenhardt, L, Dehghan, A, Deitesfeld, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Demessa, B, Demetriades, A, Deng, K, Deng, X, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deravi, N, Dereje, N, Dervenis, N, Dervišević, E, Des Jarlais, D, Desai, H, Desai, R, Devanbu, V, Dewan, S, Dhali, A, Dhama, K, Dhimal, M, Dhingra, S, Dhulipala, V, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, M, Dima, A, Ding, D, Ding, H, Dinis-Oliveira, R, Dirac, M, Djalalinia, S, Do, T, do Prado, C, Doaei, S, Dodangeh, M, Dohare, S, Dokova, K, Dolecek, C, Dominguez, R, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Dorostkar, F, Dorsey, E, dos Santos, W, Doshi, R, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, R, Driscoll, T, Dsouza, H, Dsouza, V, Du, M, Dube, J, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, O, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Dzianach, P, Dziedzic, A, E'Mar, A, Eboreime, E, Ebrahimi, A, Echieh, C, Edinur, H, Edvardsson, D, Edvardsson, K, Efendi, D, Efendi, F, Effendi, D, Eikemo, T, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, T, El Sayed, I, Elbarazi, I, Elema, T, Elemam, N, Elgar, F, Elgendy, I, Elgohary, G, Elhabashy, H, Elhadi, M, El-Huneidi, W, Elilo, L, Elmeligy, O, Elmonem, M, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emeto, T, Engelbert Bain, L, Erkhembayar, R, Esezobor, C, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Espinosa-Montero, J, Esubalew, H, Etaee, F, Fabin, N, Fadaka, A, Fagbamigbe, A, Fahim, A, Fahimi, S, Fakhri-Demeshghieh, A, Falzone, L, Fareed, M, Farinha, C, Faris, M, Faris, P, Faro, A, Fasanmi, A, Fatehizadeh, A, Fattahi, H, Fauk, N, Fazeli, P, Feigin, V, Feizkhah, A, Fekadu, G, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S, Feroze, A, Ferrante, D, Ferrari, A, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Feyisa, B, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, Flood, D, Florin, B, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, B, Foroutan, M, Forthun, I, Fortuna, D, Foschi, M, Fowobaje, K, Francis, K, Franklin, R, Freitas, A, Friedman, J, Friedman, S, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, J, Fux, B, Gaal, P, Gadanya, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaihre, S, Gakidou, E, Galali, Y, Galles, N, Gallus, S, Ganbat, M, Gandhi, A, Ganesan, B, Ganiyani, M, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gardner, W, Garg, J, Garg, N, Gautam, R, Gbadamosi, S, Gebi, T, Gebregergis, M, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremeskel, T, Georgescu, S, Getachew, T, Gething, P, Getie, M, Ghadiri, K, Ghahramani, S, Ghailan, K, Ghasemi, M, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghassemi, F, Ghazy, R, Ghimire, A, Ghoba, S, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gholamian, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, N, Ghorbani, M, Ghorbani Vajargah, P, Ghoshal, A, Gill, P, Gill, T, Gillum, R, Ginindza, T, Girmay, A, Glasbey, J, Gnedovskaya, E, Göbölös, L, Godinho, M, Goel, A, Golchin, A, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gomes, N, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, A, Goulart, B, Goyal, A, Grada, A, Graham, S, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Guan, S, Guarducci, G, Gubari, M, Gudeta, M, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Guimarães, R, Gulati, S, Gunawardane, D, Gunturu, S, Guo, C, Gupta, A, Gupta, B, Gupta, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Gurmessa, L, Gutiérrez, R, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Haddadi, R, Hadei, M, Hadi, N, Haep, N, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halboub, E, Hall, B, Haller, S, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, R, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Hamilton, E, Han, C, Han, Q, Hanif, A, Hanifi, N, Hankey, G, Hanna, F, Hannan, M, Haque, M, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, I, Hasan, M, Hasani, H, Hasanian, M, Hashi, A, Hasnain, M, Hassan, I, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, He, J, Hebert, J, Hegazi, O, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Heidari-Foroozan, M, Helfer, B, Hendrie, D, Herrera-Serna, B, Herteliu, C, Hesami, H, Hezam, K, Hill, C, Hiraike, Y, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, M, Hossain, S, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hosseinzadeh Adli, A, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hsairi, M, Hsieh, V, Hsu, R, Hu, C, Huang, J, Hultström, M, Humayun, A, Hundie, T, Hussain, J, Hussain, M, Hussein, N, Hussien, F, Huynh, H, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ibrahim, K, Iftikhar, P, Ijo, D, Ikiroma, A, Ikuta, K, Ikwegbue, P, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Imam, M, Immurana, M, Inamdar, S, Indriasih, E, Iqhrammullah, M, Iradukunda, A, Iregbu, K, Islam, M, Islam, S, Islami, F, Ismail, F, Ismail, N, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, C, Iyamu, I, Iyer, M, J, L, Jaafari, J, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, K, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jafarzadeh, A, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, N, Jairoun, A, Jaiswal, A, Jamshidi, E, Janko, M, Jatau, A, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jebai, R, Jee, S, Jeganathan, J, Jha, A, Jha, R, Jiang, H, Jin, Y, Johnson, O, Jokar, M, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Joshua, C, Joshy, G, Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, K, V, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kadir, D, Kalani, R, Kalankesh, L, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamal, V, Kamarajah, S, Kamath, R, Kamiab, Z, Kamyari, N, Kanagasabai, T, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kanmanthareddy, A, Kanmiki, E, Kanmodi, K, Kannan S, S, Kansal, S, Kantar, R, Kapoor, 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Vetriselvan, Suleman, Muhammad, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sultana, Abida, Sun, Haitong Zhe, Sun, Jing, Sundström, Johan, Sunkersing, David, Sunnerhagen, Katharina S, Swain, Chandan Kumar, Szarpak, Lukasz, Szeto, Mindy D, Szócska, Miklós, Tabaee Damavandi, Payam, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabatabaei Malazy, Ozra, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tabatabai, Shima, Tabish, Mohammad, TADAKAMADLA, JYOTHI, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman, Taheri Soodejani, Moslem, Taiba, Jabeen, Takahashi, Ken, Talaat, Iman M, Talukder, Ashis, Tampa, Mircea, Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tandukar, Sarmila, Tang, Haosu, Tang, Hong K, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Tariku, Mengistie Kassahun, Tariqujjaman, Md, Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang, Tavakoli Oliaee, Razieh, Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tefera, Yibekal Manaye, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Reem Mohamad Hani, Teramoto, Masayuki, Tesler, Riki, Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch, Thakur, Rishu, Thangaraju, 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Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamora, Nelson, Zand, Ramin, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zar, Heather J, Zare, Iman, Zarrintan, Armin, Zeariya, Mohammed G M, Zeinali, Zahra, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Jianrong, Zhang, Jingya, Zhang, Liqun, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Hanqing, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Juexiao, Zhu, Bin, Zhu, Lei, Ziafati, Makan, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zitoun, Osama A, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zou, Zhiyong, Zuhlke, Liesl J, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zweck, Elric, Zyoud, Samer H, Wool, Eve E, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2024

5. Silicon-Micromachined Subterahertz Frequency Beam-Steered Dual-Port Array Antenna

Author: Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Madannejad, Alireza, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Madannejad, Alireza, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents an unbalanced-fed silicon micromachined dual-port dual-line antenna array. The radiation pattern of the antenna array can be steered in the E -plane by sweeping the frequency and can be switched between a broad and a notched beam by exciting the ports with in-phase or out-of-phase signals. The antenna is designed for and implemented by silicon micromachining. Each single-line subarray consists of #8 antenna apertures in which the field amplitude is tapered in the H-plane, and the phase imbalance of unbalanced power dividers is minimized by integrated delay sections in the feed network. The measured return loss of the antenna is better than 10 dB from 220 to 295 GHz for both input ports (29.1% fractional bandwidth). The antenna prototype is designed for 40° of beam steering in the E -plane (scanning speed of 4°/GHz) by sweeping the frequency from 238 to 248 GHz. The measured sidelobe level of the broad beam in the H-plane is better than 18.5 dB, and the measured depth of the notched beam is better than 22.5 dB in the entire scanning range. In addition to the dual-port dual-line antenna array, a single-line 1 × 8 antenna array is also implemented for reference measurement purposes. The measured return loss of the single-line antenna array is better than 10 dB from 220 to 314 GHz (35.2% fractional bandwidth), and its measured sidelobe level is between 18 and 21.3 dB in the H-plane from 220 to 280 GHz. Besides, the simulation data and the measurement results are in excellent agreement., QC 20240318
Published: 2024
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6. Full-Band Silicon-Micromachined E-Plane Waveguide Bend for Flange-to-Chip Connection

Author: Karimi, Armin, Mehrabi Gohari, Mohammad, Glubokov, Oleksandr, Shah, Umer, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Mehrabi Gohari, Mohammad, Glubokov, Oleksandr, Shah, Umer, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents a novel design of a full-band E -plane waveguide bend for direct flange-to-chip connection. The proposed E -plane bend concept is validated with a reduced-height bend prototype designed for standard WR-3.4 waveguide flange-to-chip connection, fabricated by silicon micromachining, and characterized by de-embedding the S -parameters with a custom-made offset-short calibration kit. The measured insertion and return losses are 0.08–0.3 dB and better than 14.7 dB, respectively, for the whole waveguide band of 220–320 GHz, and better than 0.15 and 20 dB, respectively, for more than 80% of the waveguide band. The measured results are in excellent agreement with the simulation data. Besides, a two-port waveguide structure with WR-3.4 interfaces is fabricated and measured to confirm the functionality of the designed E -plane bend. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis shows the robustness of the proposed geometry against fabrication tolerances., QC 20240318
Published: 2024
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7. A 220–260-GHz Silicon-Micromachined Waveguide MEMS Crossover Switch

Author: Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents a novel subterahertz (sub-THz) crossover waveguide switch concept operating in the 220–260-GHz frequency band. The crossover switching circuit is implemented by two hybrid couplers and two single-pole-single-throw (SPST) switching mechanisms, utilizing microelectromechanically reconfigurable switching surfaces. The silicon-micromachined crossover switch prototype is very compact, with a total footprint of 5.6 × 5 × 1.2 mm, including four standard WR-3.4 waveguide ports and the waveguide routing to these ports. The measured insertion loss (IL) is 0.9–1.4 dB in the crossover state and 0.8–1.3 dB in the straight state from 220 to 260 GHz, and the isolation (ISO) is better than 29.3 and 29 dB, respectively, for these states. The measured return loss (RL) is better than 14 dB in the crossover state and better than 13.6 dB in the straight state. Besides, the measured input-to-input ISO is better than 13.7 and 34 dB in the crossover and straight states, respectively. The measurement results are in excellent agreement with the simulation data. Moreover, the signal paths are fully symmetric for all input-to-output signal paths, making the crossover switching circuit suitable for redundancy applications., QC 20240325
Published: 2024
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8. A 220–260-GHz Silicon-Micromachined Waveguide MEMS Crossover Switch

Author: Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents a novel subterahertz (sub-THz) crossover waveguide switch concept operating in the 220–260-GHz frequency band. The crossover switching circuit is implemented by two hybrid couplers and two single-pole-single-throw (SPST) switching mechanisms, utilizing microelectromechanically reconfigurable switching surfaces. The silicon-micromachined crossover switch prototype is very compact, with a total footprint of 5.6 × 5 × 1.2 mm, including four standard WR-3.4 waveguide ports and the waveguide routing to these ports. The measured insertion loss (IL) is 0.9–1.4 dB in the crossover state and 0.8–1.3 dB in the straight state from 220 to 260 GHz, and the isolation (ISO) is better than 29.3 and 29 dB, respectively, for these states. The measured return loss (RL) is better than 14 dB in the crossover state and better than 13.6 dB in the straight state. Besides, the measured input-to-input ISO is better than 13.7 and 34 dB in the crossover and straight states, respectively. The measurement results are in excellent agreement with the simulation data. Moreover, the signal paths are fully symmetric for all input-to-output signal paths, making the crossover switching circuit suitable for redundancy applications., QC 20240325
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. A High-Performance 220–290 GHz Micromachined Waveguide Switch Based on Interference Between MEMS Reconfigurable Surfaces

Author: Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents a highly integrated novel silicon micromachined single-pole-single-throw waveguide switch based on two microelectromechanically reconfigurable switching surfaces (MEMS-RSs), which allows optimizing the switching performance by tuning the interference between the two such MEMS-RSs utilizing integrated electrostatic comb-drive actuators. The switch prototype is implemented with axially aligned standard WR-3.4 waveguide ports with a total footprint of 3 mm×3.5 mm×1.2 mm. The measured blocking ( off ) state insertion loss (isolation) and return loss, measured between two standard WR-3.4 waveguide flanges, are 28.5–32.5 dB and better than 0.7 dB, and the propagating ( on ) state insertion and return losses are 0.7–1.2 dB and better than 17 dB in the 220–290 GHz frequency band, respectively. The measured results were in excellent agreement with the simulation data, implying 27.5% fractional bandwidth, which is very close to a full waveguide band performance. For further investigations, two variants of the switching circuit with only a single MEMS-RS and without any MEMS-RSs have also been fabricated. The single MEMS-RS switch achieved the off -state isolation, on -state insertion loss, and return loss of only 11.5–12.5 dB, 0.8–1.3 dB, and better than 12 dB from 220 to 274 GHz, respectively, which clearly indicates the drastic performance improvement of the interference-based double MEMS-RS switch design. Moreover, measurement of the waveguide-only reference structure showed that the waveguide section alone attributed to 0.2–0.5 dB of the measured on -state insertion loss of the double MEMS-RS switch, and the rest is due to the introduction of the MEMS-RSs inside the waveguides., QC 20240315
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Silicon-Micromachined Subterahertz Frequency Beam-Steered Dual-Port Array Antenna

Author: Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Madannejad, Alireza, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Madannejad, Alireza, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents an unbalanced-fed silicon micromachined dual-port dual-line antenna array. The radiation pattern of the antenna array can be steered in the E -plane by sweeping the frequency and can be switched between a broad and a notched beam by exciting the ports with in-phase or out-of-phase signals. The antenna is designed for and implemented by silicon micromachining. Each single-line subarray consists of #8 antenna apertures in which the field amplitude is tapered in the H-plane, and the phase imbalance of unbalanced power dividers is minimized by integrated delay sections in the feed network. The measured return loss of the antenna is better than 10 dB from 220 to 295 GHz for both input ports (29.1% fractional bandwidth). The antenna prototype is designed for 40° of beam steering in the E -plane (scanning speed of 4°/GHz) by sweeping the frequency from 238 to 248 GHz. The measured sidelobe level of the broad beam in the H-plane is better than 18.5 dB, and the measured depth of the notched beam is better than 22.5 dB in the entire scanning range. In addition to the dual-port dual-line antenna array, a single-line 1 × 8 antenna array is also implemented for reference measurement purposes. The measured return loss of the single-line antenna array is better than 10 dB from 220 to 314 GHz (35.2% fractional bandwidth), and its measured sidelobe level is between 18 and 21.3 dB in the H-plane from 220 to 280 GHz. Besides, the simulation data and the measurement results are in excellent agreement., QC 20240318
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. A High-Performance 220–290 GHz Micromachined Waveguide Switch Based on Interference Between MEMS Reconfigurable Surfaces

Author: Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents a highly integrated novel silicon micromachined single-pole-single-throw waveguide switch based on two microelectromechanically reconfigurable switching surfaces (MEMS-RSs), which allows optimizing the switching performance by tuning the interference between the two such MEMS-RSs utilizing integrated electrostatic comb-drive actuators. The switch prototype is implemented with axially aligned standard WR-3.4 waveguide ports with a total footprint of 3 mm×3.5 mm×1.2 mm. The measured blocking ( off ) state insertion loss (isolation) and return loss, measured between two standard WR-3.4 waveguide flanges, are 28.5–32.5 dB and better than 0.7 dB, and the propagating ( on ) state insertion and return losses are 0.7–1.2 dB and better than 17 dB in the 220–290 GHz frequency band, respectively. The measured results were in excellent agreement with the simulation data, implying 27.5% fractional bandwidth, which is very close to a full waveguide band performance. For further investigations, two variants of the switching circuit with only a single MEMS-RS and without any MEMS-RSs have also been fabricated. The single MEMS-RS switch achieved the off -state isolation, on -state insertion loss, and return loss of only 11.5–12.5 dB, 0.8–1.3 dB, and better than 12 dB from 220 to 274 GHz, respectively, which clearly indicates the drastic performance improvement of the interference-based double MEMS-RS switch design. Moreover, measurement of the waveguide-only reference structure showed that the waveguide section alone attributed to 0.2–0.5 dB of the measured on -state insertion loss of the double MEMS-RS switch, and the rest is due to the introduction of the MEMS-RSs inside the waveguides., QC 20240315
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Full-Band Silicon-Micromachined E-Plane Waveguide Bend for Flange-to-Chip Connection

Author: Karimi, Armin, Mehrabi Gohari, Mohammad, Glubokov, Oleksandr, Shah, Umer, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Mehrabi Gohari, Mohammad, Glubokov, Oleksandr, Shah, Umer, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents a novel design of a full-band E -plane waveguide bend for direct flange-to-chip connection. The proposed E -plane bend concept is validated with a reduced-height bend prototype designed for standard WR-3.4 waveguide flange-to-chip connection, fabricated by silicon micromachining, and characterized by de-embedding the S -parameters with a custom-made offset-short calibration kit. The measured insertion and return losses are 0.08–0.3 dB and better than 14.7 dB, respectively, for the whole waveguide band of 220–320 GHz, and better than 0.15 and 20 dB, respectively, for more than 80% of the waveguide band. The measured results are in excellent agreement with the simulation data. Besides, a two-port waveguide structure with WR-3.4 interfaces is fabricated and measured to confirm the functionality of the designed E -plane bend. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis shows the robustness of the proposed geometry against fabrication tolerances., QC 20240318
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Breast Reconstruction Using the Extended Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap—A Long-term Follow-up Utilizing BREAST-Q

Author: Wyckman, Alexander, Assareh, Armin, Steinvall, Ingrid, Zdolsek, Johann, Wyckman, Alexander, Assareh, Armin, Steinvall, Ingrid, and Zdolsek, Johann
Abstract: Background The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is a commonly used method for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. In this study, we present a long-term follow-up and effects of refining surgery on patient satisfaction and quality of life after breast reconstruction with the extended LD flap, using the BREAST-Q questionnaire. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the patient-reported long-term results after breast reconstruction with the extended LD myocutaneous flap. Methods A retrospective cohort study of adult patients (n = 101) who were operated on using the extended LD flap for breast reconstruction at the Linköping University Hospital during 1997 to 2012 was made using data retrieved from medical records. The patients were asked to complete the BREAST-Q questionnaire at 2 different postoperative time points. Results Eighty-three patients replied to the first questionnaire, and 56 patients also replied to the second. Mean follow-up was 11.7 years. Higher age and living together with someone correlated to higher BREAST-Q results, while postoperative infection, bilateral LD flaps, smoking, and prior breast surgery had a negative impact on the results. Overall BREAST-Q results increased over time. No independent effect of refining surgery could be shown. Conclusions Patient satisfaction after breast reconstruction with the LD flap as measured with the BREAST-Q questionnaire is high and in line with other studies. The overall satisfaction with the reconstruction method seems to increase with time, but no further increase in satisfaction after refining surgery could be established. Level of Evidence: 3, Funding: Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linkoping University Hospital, Region Ostergotland, and the Linkoeping University, Linkoeping, Sweden
Published: 2024
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14. Från MySpace till TikTok : Förändringar av sociala medier som ett kommunikationsverktyg för musiker och fans

Author: Music, Armin and Music, Armin
Abstract: Myspace var under många år den primära webbplatsen för att exempelvis skriva meddelanden till vänner, upptäcka ny musik samt dela med sig av den. Den mest populära föregångaren till dagens sociala medier som under många år uppmuntrade artister att använda webbplatsen för att nå ut till en bredare publik. Webbplatsens funktioner ansågs under tiden för webbplatsens storhet som någonting nytt och relativt ovanligt men sociala medier har under de senaste åren tagit över MySpace som det primära kommunikationsverktyget där webbplatsens funktioner idag anses vara en självklar del av alla sociala medier överlag. Detta har i sin tur har lett till att artister har börjat utforska diverse möjligheter för att kunna integrera in marknadsföring i deras kanaler på sociala medier. Eftersom sociala medier lockar med kostnadseffektiva lösningar har nu alltfler mindre etablerade artister också börjat använda sociala medier i hopp om att kunna sprida sin musik på diverse vis. Artister använder de olika sociala medierna för att nå ut till så mycket konsumenter som möjligt där denna användning tillämpar olika metoder beroende på vilken plattform de publicerar innehåll på. Det som tidigare främst gick att hitta i en webbläsare på sin dator i form av Myspace går nu att hitta som appar i sina telefoner och läsplattor vilket har gjort att en stor mängd artister med varierande grad av etablering nu måste samsas om alltfler konsumenter och tillika fans. Tack vare den stora mängden användare på sociala medier så uppstod det ett behov av att kategorisera inlägg för att enklare kunna hitta det innehåll man söker, där hashtags skapades för att bistå med detta. Funktionen består av att man skriver ett eller flera ord ihopsatt med ett #-tecken i början. Mindre etablerade artister använder denna funktion för att nå ut till en större publik men på grund av att ett stort antal inlägg, av varierande innehåll, använder samma hashtag blir detta svårare och de mindre etablerade artisterna får därför svårar
Published: 2024

15. 2D MXene electrochemical transistors

Author: Shakya, Jyoti, Kang, Min-A., Li, Jian, VahidMohammadi, Armin, Tian, Weiqian, Zeglio, Erica, Hamedi, Mahiar Max, Shakya, Jyoti, Kang, Min-A., Li, Jian, VahidMohammadi, Armin, Tian, Weiqian, Zeglio, Erica, and Hamedi, Mahiar Max
Abstract: The solid-state field-effect transistor, FET, and its theories were paramount in the discovery and studies of graphene. In the past two decades another transistor based on conducting polymers, called organic electrochemical transistor (ECT), has been developed and largely studied. The main difference between organic ECTs and FETs is the mode and extent of channel doping; while in FETs the channel only has surface doping through dipoles, the mixed ionic-electronic conductivity of the channel material in organic ECTs enables bulk electrochemical doping. As a result, organic ECTs maximize conductance modulation at the expense of speed. To date ECTs have been based on conducting polymers, but here we show that MXenes, a class of 2D materials beyond graphene, enable the realization of electrochemical transistors (ECTs). We show that the formulas for organic ECTs can be applied to these 2D ECTs and used to extract parameters like mobility. These MXene ECTs have high transconductance values but low on-off ratios. We further show that conductance switching data measured using ECT, in combination with other in situ-ex situ electrochemical measurements, is a powerful tool for correlating the change in conductance to that of the redox state, to our knowledge, this is the first report of this important correlation for MXene films. 2D ECTs can draw great inspiration and theoretical tools from the field of organic ECTs and have the potential to considerably extend the capabilities of transistors beyond those of conducting polymer ECTs, with added properties such as extreme heat resistance, tolerance for solvents, and higher conductivity for both electrons and ions than conducting polymers. Here we show that not only conducting polymers, but also 2D MXenes can be used as materials for electrochemical transistors ECTs. MXene extend the capabilities of ECTs with properties such as extreme heat resistance, and higher conductivity/speeds.
Published: 2024
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16. Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

Author: Zha, Qiaozhi, Aliaga, Diego, Krejci, Radovan, Sinclair, Victoria A., Wu, Cheng, Ciarelli, Giancarlo, Scholz, Wiebke, Heikkinen, Liine, Partoll, Eva, Gramlich, Yvette, Huang, Wei, Leiminger, Markus, Enroth, Joonas, Peräkylä, Otso, Cai, Runlong, Chen, Xuemeng, Koenig, Alkuin Maximilian, Velarde, Fernando, Moreno, Isabel, Petäjä, Tuukka, Artaxo, Paulo, Laj, Paolo, Hansel, Armin, Carbone, Samara, Kulmala, Markku, Andrade, Marcos, Worsnop, Douglas, Mohr, Claudia, Bianchi, Federico, Zha, Qiaozhi, Aliaga, Diego, Krejci, Radovan, Sinclair, Victoria A., Wu, Cheng, Ciarelli, Giancarlo, Scholz, Wiebke, Heikkinen, Liine, Partoll, Eva, Gramlich, Yvette, Huang, Wei, Leiminger, Markus, Enroth, Joonas, Peräkylä, Otso, Cai, Runlong, Chen, Xuemeng, Koenig, Alkuin Maximilian, Velarde, Fernando, Moreno, Isabel, Petäjä, Tuukka, Artaxo, Paulo, Laj, Paolo, Hansel, Armin, Carbone, Samara, Kulmala, Markku, Andrade, Marcos, Worsnop, Douglas, Mohr, Claudia, and Bianchi, Federico
Abstract: New particle formation (NPF) in the tropical free troposphere (FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules (OOMs) produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4-5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase (in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT. In-situ molecular-level measurements demonstrate the presence of oxidized organic molecules, mainly with 4-5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase in tropical free troposphere air from Amazonia. These molecules are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away, and can contribute to new particle formation.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. A 220–260-GHz Silicon-Micromachined Waveguide MEMS Crossover Switch

Author: Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents a novel subterahertz (sub-THz) crossover waveguide switch concept operating in the 220–260-GHz frequency band. The crossover switching circuit is implemented by two hybrid couplers and two single-pole-single-throw (SPST) switching mechanisms, utilizing microelectromechanically reconfigurable switching surfaces. The silicon-micromachined crossover switch prototype is very compact, with a total footprint of 5.6 × 5 × 1.2 mm, including four standard WR-3.4 waveguide ports and the waveguide routing to these ports. The measured insertion loss (IL) is 0.9–1.4 dB in the crossover state and 0.8–1.3 dB in the straight state from 220 to 260 GHz, and the isolation (ISO) is better than 29.3 and 29 dB, respectively, for these states. The measured return loss (RL) is better than 14 dB in the crossover state and better than 13.6 dB in the straight state. Besides, the measured input-to-input ISO is better than 13.7 and 34 dB in the crossover and straight states, respectively. The measurement results are in excellent agreement with the simulation data. Moreover, the signal paths are fully symmetric for all input-to-output signal paths, making the crossover switching circuit suitable for redundancy applications., QC 20240325
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Silicon-Micromachined Subterahertz Frequency Beam-Steered Dual-Port Array Antenna

Author: Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Madannejad, Alireza, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Madannejad, Alireza, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents an unbalanced-fed silicon micromachined dual-port dual-line antenna array. The radiation pattern of the antenna array can be steered in the E -plane by sweeping the frequency and can be switched between a broad and a notched beam by exciting the ports with in-phase or out-of-phase signals. The antenna is designed for and implemented by silicon micromachining. Each single-line subarray consists of #8 antenna apertures in which the field amplitude is tapered in the H-plane, and the phase imbalance of unbalanced power dividers is minimized by integrated delay sections in the feed network. The measured return loss of the antenna is better than 10 dB from 220 to 295 GHz for both input ports (29.1% fractional bandwidth). The antenna prototype is designed for 40° of beam steering in the E -plane (scanning speed of 4°/GHz) by sweeping the frequency from 238 to 248 GHz. The measured sidelobe level of the broad beam in the H-plane is better than 18.5 dB, and the measured depth of the notched beam is better than 22.5 dB in the entire scanning range. In addition to the dual-port dual-line antenna array, a single-line 1 × 8 antenna array is also implemented for reference measurement purposes. The measured return loss of the single-line antenna array is better than 10 dB from 220 to 314 GHz (35.2% fractional bandwidth), and its measured sidelobe level is between 18 and 21.3 dB in the H-plane from 220 to 280 GHz. Besides, the simulation data and the measurement results are in excellent agreement., QC 20240318
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Full-Band Silicon-Micromachined E-Plane Waveguide Bend for Flange-to-Chip Connection

Author: Karimi, Armin, Mehrabi Gohari, Mohammad, Glubokov, Oleksandr, Shah, Umer, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Mehrabi Gohari, Mohammad, Glubokov, Oleksandr, Shah, Umer, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents a novel design of a full-band E -plane waveguide bend for direct flange-to-chip connection. The proposed E -plane bend concept is validated with a reduced-height bend prototype designed for standard WR-3.4 waveguide flange-to-chip connection, fabricated by silicon micromachining, and characterized by de-embedding the S -parameters with a custom-made offset-short calibration kit. The measured insertion and return losses are 0.08–0.3 dB and better than 14.7 dB, respectively, for the whole waveguide band of 220–320 GHz, and better than 0.15 and 20 dB, respectively, for more than 80% of the waveguide band. The measured results are in excellent agreement with the simulation data. Besides, a two-port waveguide structure with WR-3.4 interfaces is fabricated and measured to confirm the functionality of the designed E -plane bend. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis shows the robustness of the proposed geometry against fabrication tolerances., QC 20240318
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. A High-Performance 220–290 GHz Micromachined Waveguide Switch Based on Interference Between MEMS Reconfigurable Surfaces

Author: Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, Oberhammer, Joachim, Karimi, Armin, Shah, Umer, Yu, Suxian, and Oberhammer, Joachim
Abstract: This article presents a highly integrated novel silicon micromachined single-pole-single-throw waveguide switch based on two microelectromechanically reconfigurable switching surfaces (MEMS-RSs), which allows optimizing the switching performance by tuning the interference between the two such MEMS-RSs utilizing integrated electrostatic comb-drive actuators. The switch prototype is implemented with axially aligned standard WR-3.4 waveguide ports with a total footprint of 3 mm×3.5 mm×1.2 mm. The measured blocking ( off ) state insertion loss (isolation) and return loss, measured between two standard WR-3.4 waveguide flanges, are 28.5–32.5 dB and better than 0.7 dB, and the propagating ( on ) state insertion and return losses are 0.7–1.2 dB and better than 17 dB in the 220–290 GHz frequency band, respectively. The measured results were in excellent agreement with the simulation data, implying 27.5% fractional bandwidth, which is very close to a full waveguide band performance. For further investigations, two variants of the switching circuit with only a single MEMS-RS and without any MEMS-RSs have also been fabricated. The single MEMS-RS switch achieved the off -state isolation, on -state insertion loss, and return loss of only 11.5–12.5 dB, 0.8–1.3 dB, and better than 12 dB from 220 to 274 GHz, respectively, which clearly indicates the drastic performance improvement of the interference-based double MEMS-RS switch design. Moreover, measurement of the waveguide-only reference structure showed that the waveguide section alone attributed to 0.2–0.5 dB of the measured on -state insertion loss of the double MEMS-RS switch, and the rest is due to the introduction of the MEMS-RSs inside the waveguides., QC 20240315
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Breast Reconstruction Using the Extended Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap—A Long-term Follow-up Utilizing BREAST-Q

Author: Wyckman, Alexander, Assareh, Armin, Steinvall, Ingrid, Zdolsek, Johann, Wyckman, Alexander, Assareh, Armin, Steinvall, Ingrid, and Zdolsek, Johann
Abstract: Background The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is a commonly used method for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. In this study, we present a long-term follow-up and effects of refining surgery on patient satisfaction and quality of life after breast reconstruction with the extended LD flap, using the BREAST-Q questionnaire. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the patient-reported long-term results after breast reconstruction with the extended LD myocutaneous flap. Methods A retrospective cohort study of adult patients (n = 101) who were operated on using the extended LD flap for breast reconstruction at the Linköping University Hospital during 1997 to 2012 was made using data retrieved from medical records. The patients were asked to complete the BREAST-Q questionnaire at 2 different postoperative time points. Results Eighty-three patients replied to the first questionnaire, and 56 patients also replied to the second. Mean follow-up was 11.7 years. Higher age and living together with someone correlated to higher BREAST-Q results, while postoperative infection, bilateral LD flaps, smoking, and prior breast surgery had a negative impact on the results. Overall BREAST-Q results increased over time. No independent effect of refining surgery could be shown. Conclusions Patient satisfaction after breast reconstruction with the LD flap as measured with the BREAST-Q questionnaire is high and in line with other studies. The overall satisfaction with the reconstruction method seems to increase with time, but no further increase in satisfaction after refining surgery could be established. Level of Evidence: 3, Funding: Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linkoping University Hospital, Region Ostergotland, and the Linkoeping University, Linkoeping, Sweden
Published: 2024
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22. ‚Nützliches‘ Wissen in der wissenschaftlichen Politikberatung?: Ein linguistisch-erkenntnistheoretisches Projekt

Author: Gondolf, Janine, Grunwald, Armin, Jahaj, Dorothee, Janich, Nina, Gondolf, Janine, Grunwald, Armin, Jahaj, Dorothee, and Janich, Nina
Abstract: Wissenschaftliche Politikberatung ist eine besondere, da hybride Art der wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeit: Wissenschaft in ihrer beratenden Funktion gerät in den Konflikt, Inhalte wissenschaftlich glaubwürdig, sachbezogen und wertfrei darstellen und gleichermaßen politisch wirksam, d. h. handlungsleitend und öffentlich nachvollziehbar, aufbereiten zu müssen. Die daraus resultierenden Texte sind daher für die Wissenschaftsforschung spannend im Blick auf die Frage, wie sich in ihnen das Ringen um epistemische Qualität und soziale Legitimierung sprachlich und inhaltlich in der (Ko-)Konstruktion von Wissen niederschlägt. Im Rahmen eines aktuellen interdisziplinären DFG-Projekts wird die Praxis wissenschaftlicher Politikberatung in Deutschland in Form, Inhalt und Funktion anhand exemplarischer Fälle linguistisch und erkenntnistheoretisch untersucht.
Published: 2024

23. Anomalous electrons in a metallic kagome ferromagnet

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Ekahana, Sandy Adhitia, Soh, Y., Tamai, Anna, Gosálbez-Martínez, Daniel, Yao, Mengyu, Hunter, Andrew, Fan, Wenhui, Wang, Yihao, Li, Junbo, Kleibert, Armin, Vaz, C.A.F., Ma, Junzhang, Lee, Hyungjun, Xiong, Yimin, Yazyev, Oleg V., Baumberger, Felix, Shi, Ming, Aeppli, G., Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Ekahana, Sandy Adhitia, Soh, Y., Tamai, Anna, Gosálbez-Martínez, Daniel, Yao, Mengyu, Hunter, Andrew, Fan, Wenhui, Wang, Yihao, Li, Junbo, Kleibert, Armin, Vaz, C.A.F., Ma, Junzhang, Lee, Hyungjun, Xiong, Yimin, Yazyev, Oleg V., Baumberger, Felix, Shi, Ming, and Aeppli, G.
Abstract: Ordinary metals contain electron liquids within well-defined ‘Fermi’ surfaces at which the electrons behave as if they were non-interacting. In the absence of transitions to entirely new phases such as insulators or superconductors, interactions between electrons induce scattering that is quadratic in the deviation of the binding energy from the Fermi level. A long-standing puzzle is that certain materials do not fit this ‘Fermi liquid’ description. A common feature is strong interactions between electrons relative to their kinetic energies. One route to this regime is special lattices to reduce the electron kinetic energies. Twisted bilayer graphene is an example, and trihexagonal tiling lattices (triangular ‘kagome’), with all corner sites removed on a 2 × 2 superlattice, can also host narrow electron bands for which interaction effects would be enhanced. Here we describe spectroscopy revealing non-Fermi-liquid behaviour for the ferromagnetic kagome metal Fe3Sn2 (ref. 6). We discover three C3-symmetric electron pockets at the Brillouin zone centre, two of which are expected from density functional theory. The third and most sharply defined band emerges at low temperatures and binding energies by means of fractionalization of one of the other two, most likely on the account of enhanced electron–electron interactions owing to a flat band predicted to lie just above the Fermi level. Our discovery opens the topic of how such many-body physics involving flat bands could differ depending on whether they arise from lattice geometry or from strongly localized atomic orbitals.
Published: 2024

24. Breast Reconstruction Using the Extended Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap—A Long-term Follow-up Utilizing BREAST-Q

Author: Wyckman, Alexander, Assareh, Armin, Steinvall, Ingrid, Zdolsek, Johann, Wyckman, Alexander, Assareh, Armin, Steinvall, Ingrid, and Zdolsek, Johann
Abstract: Background The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is a commonly used method for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. In this study, we present a long-term follow-up and effects of refining surgery on patient satisfaction and quality of life after breast reconstruction with the extended LD flap, using the BREAST-Q questionnaire. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the patient-reported long-term results after breast reconstruction with the extended LD myocutaneous flap. Methods A retrospective cohort study of adult patients (n = 101) who were operated on using the extended LD flap for breast reconstruction at the Linköping University Hospital during 1997 to 2012 was made using data retrieved from medical records. The patients were asked to complete the BREAST-Q questionnaire at 2 different postoperative time points. Results Eighty-three patients replied to the first questionnaire, and 56 patients also replied to the second. Mean follow-up was 11.7 years. Higher age and living together with someone correlated to higher BREAST-Q results, while postoperative infection, bilateral LD flaps, smoking, and prior breast surgery had a negative impact on the results. Overall BREAST-Q results increased over time. No independent effect of refining surgery could be shown. Conclusions Patient satisfaction after breast reconstruction with the LD flap as measured with the BREAST-Q questionnaire is high and in line with other studies. The overall satisfaction with the reconstruction method seems to increase with time, but no further increase in satisfaction after refining surgery could be established. Level of Evidence: 3, Funding: Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linkoping University Hospital, Region Ostergotland, and the Linkoeping University, Linkoeping, Sweden
Published: 2024
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25. Från MySpace till TikTok : Förändringar av sociala medier som ett kommunikationsverktyg för musiker och fans

Author: Music, Armin and Music, Armin
Abstract: Myspace var under många år den primära webbplatsen för att exempelvis skriva meddelanden till vänner, upptäcka ny musik samt dela med sig av den. Den mest populära föregångaren till dagens sociala medier som under många år uppmuntrade artister att använda webbplatsen för att nå ut till en bredare publik. Webbplatsens funktioner ansågs under tiden för webbplatsens storhet som någonting nytt och relativt ovanligt men sociala medier har under de senaste åren tagit över MySpace som det primära kommunikationsverktyget där webbplatsens funktioner idag anses vara en självklar del av alla sociala medier överlag. Detta har i sin tur har lett till att artister har börjat utforska diverse möjligheter för att kunna integrera in marknadsföring i deras kanaler på sociala medier. Eftersom sociala medier lockar med kostnadseffektiva lösningar har nu alltfler mindre etablerade artister också börjat använda sociala medier i hopp om att kunna sprida sin musik på diverse vis. Artister använder de olika sociala medierna för att nå ut till så mycket konsumenter som möjligt där denna användning tillämpar olika metoder beroende på vilken plattform de publicerar innehåll på. Det som tidigare främst gick att hitta i en webbläsare på sin dator i form av Myspace går nu att hitta som appar i sina telefoner och läsplattor vilket har gjort att en stor mängd artister med varierande grad av etablering nu måste samsas om alltfler konsumenter och tillika fans. Tack vare den stora mängden användare på sociala medier så uppstod det ett behov av att kategorisera inlägg för att enklare kunna hitta det innehåll man söker, där hashtags skapades för att bistå med detta. Funktionen består av att man skriver ett eller flera ord ihopsatt med ett #-tecken i början. Mindre etablerade artister använder denna funktion för att nå ut till en större publik men på grund av att ett stort antal inlägg, av varierande innehåll, använder samma hashtag blir detta svårare och de mindre etablerade artisterna får därför svårar
Published: 2024

26. Genomic prediction in European flint maize landraces

Author: Schön, Chris-Carolin (Prof. Dr.), Schön, Chris-Carolin (Prof. Dr.);Würschum, Tobias (Prof. Dr.), Hölker, Armin Christoph, Schön, Chris-Carolin (Prof. Dr.), Schön, Chris-Carolin (Prof. Dr.);Würschum, Tobias (Prof. Dr.), and Hölker, Armin Christoph
Abstract: The enrichment of favorable alleles in landraces is key to making them accessible for crop improvement. In this thesis, two different concepts for genome-based selection in landrace-derived maize populations were compared. One based on doubled-haploid (DH) lines derived directly from landraces and the other based on crossing landrace plants to a capture line. The DH approach was shown to have clear advantages over the alternative approach. Prediction accuracies as high as 0.58 for dry matter yield in the DH population indicated high potential of genome-based selection in maize landraces., Die Anreicherung positiver Allele in Landrassen ist der Schlüssel zur Nutzung von Landrassen zur Verbesserung von Kulturarten. In dieser Arbeit wurden zwei verschiedene Konzepte für die genomische Selektion in Maislandrassen verglichen. Eins basiert auf der Entwicklung doppelhaploider (DH) Linien direkt aus Landrassen, das andere auf Kreuzungen von Pflanzen der Landrasse mit einer Inzuchtlinie. Der DH-Ansatz war gegenüber der alternativen Methode klar im Vorteil. Vorhersagegenauigkeiten von bis zu 0,58 für Trockenmasseertrag in der DH Population zeigten das große Potential der genomischen Vorhersage in Landrassen.
Published: 2024

27. Comparison of the Clinical Manifestation of HPAI H5Nx in Different Poultry Types in the Netherlands, 2014–2022

Author: Wolters, Wendy J., Vernooij, J. C. M., Spliethof, Thomas M., Wiegel, Jeanine, Elbers, Armin R. W., Spierenburg, Marcel A. H., Stegeman, J. Arjan, Velkers, Francisca C., Wolters, Wendy J., Vernooij, J. C. M., Spliethof, Thomas M., Wiegel, Jeanine, Elbers, Armin R. W., Spierenburg, Marcel A. H., Stegeman, J. Arjan, and Velkers, Francisca C.
Abstract: This study describes clinical manifestations of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, H5N8 and H5N6 outbreaks between 2014 and 2018 and 2020 and 2022 in the Netherlands for different poultry types and age groups. Adult duck (breeder) farms and juvenile chicken (broiler and laying pullet) farms were not diagnosed before 2020. Outbreaks in ducks decreased in 2020–2022 vs. 2014–2018, but increased for meat-type poultry. Neurological, locomotor and reproductive tract signs were often observed in ducks, whereas laying- and meat-type poultry more often showed mucosal membrane and skin signs, including cyanosis and hemorrhagic conjunctiva. Juveniles (chickens and ducks) showed neurological and locomotor signs more often than adults. Diarrhea occurred more often in adult chickens and juvenile ducks. Mortality increased exponentially within four days before notification in chickens and ducks, with a more fluctuating trend in ducks and meat-type poultry than in layers. For ducks, a mortality ratio (MR) > 3, compared to the average mortality of the previous week, was reached less often than in chickens. A lower percentage of laying flocks with MR > 3 was found for 2020–2022 vs. 2014–2018, but without significant differences in clinical signs. This study provides a basis for improvements in mortality- and clinical-sign-based early warning criteria, especially for juvenile chickens and ducks.
Published: 2024

28. Public's perspective on COVID-19 adenovirus vector vaccines after thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) reports and associated regulatory actions: A cross-sectional study in six EU member states

Author: Buhl, Caroline, Jacobsen, Ramune, Almarsdóttir, Anna Birna, Abtahi, Shahab, Andersen, Armin, Deligianni, Elena, Dermiki-Gkana, Foteini, Kontogiorgis, Christos, Oikonomou, Chara, Kursite, Mirdza, Poplavska, Elita, Hegger, Ingrid, Goot, Marloes van der, Ferreira, Paula Barão Sousa, Ribeiro-Vaz, Inês, Silva, Ana Marta, Kos, Mitja, Lipovec, Nanča Čebron, Vliet, Ella van, Alves, Teresa Leonardo, Buhl, Caroline, Jacobsen, Ramune, Almarsdóttir, Anna Birna, Abtahi, Shahab, Andersen, Armin, Deligianni, Elena, Dermiki-Gkana, Foteini, Kontogiorgis, Christos, Oikonomou, Chara, Kursite, Mirdza, Poplavska, Elita, Hegger, Ingrid, Goot, Marloes van der, Ferreira, Paula Barão Sousa, Ribeiro-Vaz, Inês, Silva, Ana Marta, Kos, Mitja, Lipovec, Nanča Čebron, Vliet, Ella van, and Alves, Teresa Leonardo
Abstract: Objective: In 2021, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) was confirmed by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as a rare side effect of the COVID-19 adenovirus vector vaccines Vaxzevria® and Jcovden®. This study aimed to describe the public's knowledge of TTS and how it affected the willingness to be vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines and other vaccines in six European countries. Methods: From June to October of 2022, a multi-country cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Denmark, Greece, Latvia, Netherlands, Portugal, and Slovenia. The minimum target of participants to be recruited was based on the size of the country's population. The results were analysed descriptively. Results: In total, 3794 respondents were included in the analysis; across the six countries, 33.3 %–68.3 % reported being familiar with signs and symptoms of TTS, although 3.1–61.4 % of those were able to identify the symptoms correctly. The reported changes in willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and with other vaccines varied per country. The largest reported change in the willingness to be vaccinated with Vaxzevria® and Jcovden® was observed in Denmark (61.2 %), while the willingness to be vaccinated with other COVID-19 vaccines changed most in Slovenia (30.4 %). The smallest decrease in willingness towards future vaccination against COVID-19 was reported in the Netherlands (20.9 %) contrasting with the largest decrease observed in Latvia (69.1 %). Conclusion: Knowledge about TTS seemed to have influenced the public's opinion in Europe resulting in less willingness to be vaccinated with Vaxzevria® and Jcovden®. Willingness for vaccination against COVID-19 with other vaccines and widespread use of vaccines to prevent other diseases also differed and seemed to be determined by the approaches taken by national health authorities when reacting to and communicating about COVID-19 vaccination risks. Further investigation of optimal risk communication strategies is warrant
Published: 2024

29. Effect of 2020-21 and 2021-22 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Epidemics on Wild Birds, the Netherlands

Author: Caliendo, Valentina, Kleyheeg, Erik, Beerens, Nancy, Camphuysen, Kees C J, Cazemier, Rommert, Elbers, Armin R W, Fouchier, Ron A M, Kelder, Leon, Kuiken, Thijs, Leopold, Mardik, Slaterus, Roy, Spierenburg, Marcel A H, van der Jeugd, Henk, Verdaat, Hans, Rijks, Jolianne M, Caliendo, Valentina, Kleyheeg, Erik, Beerens, Nancy, Camphuysen, Kees C J, Cazemier, Rommert, Elbers, Armin R W, Fouchier, Ron A M, Kelder, Leon, Kuiken, Thijs, Leopold, Mardik, Slaterus, Roy, Spierenburg, Marcel A H, van der Jeugd, Henk, Verdaat, Hans, and Rijks, Jolianne M
Abstract: The number of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5-related infections and deaths of wild birds in Europe was high during October 1, 2020-September 30, 2022. To quantify deaths among wild species groups with known susceptibility for HPAI H5 during those epidemics, we collected and recorded mortality data of wild birds in the Netherlands. HPAI virus infection was reported in 51 bird species. The species with the highest numbers of reported dead and infected birds varied per epidemic year; in 2020-21, they were within the Anatidae family, in particular barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) and in 2021-22, they were within the sea bird group, particularly Sandwich terns (Thalasseus sandvicensis) and northern gannet (Morus bassanus). Because of the difficulty of anticipating and modeling the future trends of HPAI among wild birds, we recommend monitoring live and dead wild birds as a tool for surveillance of the changing dynamics of HPAI.
Published: 2024

30. Kreuzverzahnungen: Beanspruchung und Tragfähigkeit kreuzverzahnter Flanschverbindungen

Author: Schlecht, Berthold, Lohrengel, Armin, Technische Universität Dresden, Härtel, Hans, Schlecht, Berthold, Lohrengel, Armin, Technische Universität Dresden, and Härtel, Hans
Abstract: Kreuzverzahnungen werden zur Leistungsübertragung und zur Verbindung von Wellen bei hohen Drehmomenten und geringem Bauraum eingesetzt. Es handelt sich hierbei um nichtschaltbare Kupplungen, die sich durch ihre parallelen Zähne auszeichnen. Diese sind in Zahnfelder gruppiert und stehen in einem Kreuzungswinkel zueinander. Die Zähne besitzen gerade Flanken sowie eine konstante Zahnhöhe. Zur Übertragung von Betriebslasten ist eine Vorspannkraft erforderlich. Die Spannkraft kann entweder durch eine zentrale Spannschraube oder durch mehrere dezentral angeordnete Schrauben aufgebracht werden. Bisher existieren keine Berechnungsverfahren zur Ermittlung von Beanspruchungen und Tragfähigkeiten. Aktuell liegen nur Geometrienormen für Kreuzverzahnungen vor. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist daher die Erstellung eines analytischen Tragfähigkeitsnachweises. Auf Grundlage von umfangreichen Geometrieuntersuchungen und der Analyse der Beanspruchung von Verzahnung und Verschraubung wurde für zentral und dezentral verspannte Kreuzverzahnungen ein FE-Netzgenerator entwickelt. Mit diesem wurde eine umfangreiche Variantenrechnung durchgeführt. Mittels FE-Analysen wurden für eine Vielzahl von Geometrievarianten Berechnungsfaktoren abgeleitet. Lastverteilung und Zahnfußspannungen in schadensrelevanten Bereichen können nun analytisch bestimmt werden. Daraus wird ein Berechnungskonzept abgeleitet, welches vier Einzelnachweise umfasst: Gewährleistung der erforderlichen Vorspannkraft (Abhebesicherheit der Rückflanken), Zahnfußtragfähigkeit, Zahnflankentragfähigkeit und die Schraubensicherheit. Experimentelle Untersuchungen lieferten eine Basis zur Verifizierung des entwickelten Tragfähigkeitsnachweises. Aus Bauteilversuchen wurden dauerhaft ertragbare Torsionsmomentamplituden ermittelt und relevante Schadensorte im Zahnfuß konnten festgestellt werden. Schraubenkraftmessungen lieferten neue Erkenntnisse zum Setzverhalten. Es wurden statische und dynamische Versuche durchgeführt. In FE-Simu
Published: 2024

31. Flip the Tin Can Game with a Twist: Effects on the Achievement Levels of Grade 8 Learners in Probability

Author: Collantes, Armin H., Salazar, Douglas A., Collantes, Armin H., and Salazar, Douglas A.
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of the “Flip the Tin Can Game with a Twist” on the achievement levels of Grade 8 learners in probability. The study was conducted at St. Vincent’s Academy, Inc. Lanao del Norte. A quasi-experimental design with qualitative support was employed, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data. Two groups were involved in this study: the control and experimental groups. Both groups were given a pretest before introducing the "paper and pencil test” for the control group while” “flip the tin can game with a twist” for the experimental, as their formative assessment. Post-test was also administered after the interventions to both groups. The data gathered before and after exposing the learners in both control and experimental groups were compared to check if there is a significant difference. The findings of the study indicated a statistical difference in the mean test scores within both the control and experimental groups before and after the intervention. However, no significant difference was observed when compared between the group’s pretest and posttest. Additionally, based on the learner’s perceptions, it was discovered that those who participated in the 'Flip the Tin Can' game with a twist found it enjoyable and fun. Furthermore, according to the learners, the game not only provides enjoyable experience but also actively engages them in learning; enhancing their understanding of the subject while playing. Keywords: Achievement Levels, Flip the Tin Can Game, Probability, Quasi-Experiment, DOI: 10.7176/JEP/15-6-01 Publication date: May 30th 2024
Published: 2024

32. Clonal Lineage Tracing with Somatic Delivery of Recordable Barcodes Reveals Migration Histories of Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Author: Serio, R, Scheben, A, Lu, B, Gargiulo, D, Patruno, L, Buckholtz, C, Chaffee, R, Jibilian, M, Persaud, S, Staklinski, S, Hassett, R, Brault, L, Ramazzotti, D, Barbieri, C, Siepel, A, Nowak, D, Serio, Ryan N., Scheben, Armin, Lu, Billy, Gargiulo, Domenic V., Patruno, Lucrezia, Buckholtz, Caroline L., Chaffee, Ryan J., Jibilian, Megan C., Persaud, Steven G., Staklinski, Stephen J., Hassett, Rebecca, Brault, Lise M., Ramazzotti, Daniele, Barbieri, Christopher E., Siepel, Adam C., Nowak, Dawid G., Serio, R, Scheben, A, Lu, B, Gargiulo, D, Patruno, L, Buckholtz, C, Chaffee, R, Jibilian, M, Persaud, S, Staklinski, S, Hassett, R, Brault, L, Ramazzotti, D, Barbieri, C, Siepel, A, Nowak, D, Serio, Ryan N., Scheben, Armin, Lu, Billy, Gargiulo, Domenic V., Patruno, Lucrezia, Buckholtz, Caroline L., Chaffee, Ryan J., Jibilian, Megan C., Persaud, Steven G., Staklinski, Stephen J., Hassett, Rebecca, Brault, Lise M., Ramazzotti, Daniele, Barbieri, Christopher E., Siepel, Adam C., and Nowak, Dawid G.
Abstract: The patterns by which primary tumors spread to metastatic sites remain poorly understood. Here, we define patterns of metastatic seeding in prostate cancer (PCa) using a novel injection-based mouse model — EvoCaP (Evolution in Cancer of the Prostate), featuring aggressive metastatic cancer to bone, liver, lungs, and lymph nodes. To define migration histories between primary and metastatic sites, we used our EvoTraceR pipeline to track distinct tumor clones containing recordable barcodes. We detected widespread intratumoral heterogeneity from the primary tumor in metastatic seeding, with few clonal populations (CPs) instigating most migration. Metastasis-to-metastasis seeding was uncommon, as most cells remained confined within the tissue. Migration patterns in our model were congruent with human PCa seeding topologies. Our findings support the view of metastatic PCa as a systemic disease driven by waves of aggressive clones expanding their niche, infrequently overcoming constraints that otherwise keep them confined in the primary or metastatic site.
Published: 2024

33. Plasma viscosity, immunoglobulins and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: new data and meta-analyses

Author: Global Health, Circulatory Health, Lowe, Gordon D.O., Harris, Katie, Koenig, Wolfgang, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Thorand, Barbara, Peters, Annette, Meisinger, Christa, Imhof, Armin, Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh, Peters, Sanne A.E., Woodward, Mark, Global Health, Circulatory Health, Lowe, Gordon D.O., Harris, Katie, Koenig, Wolfgang, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Thorand, Barbara, Peters, Annette, Meisinger, Christa, Imhof, Armin, Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh, Peters, Sanne A.E., and Woodward, Mark
Published: 2024

34. Influence of ATLG serum levels on CD3/CD19-depleted hematopoietic grafts and on immune recovery in pediatric haplo-HSCT

Author: CTI Research, Cancer, Infection & Immunity, Maier, Claus Philipp, Klose, Chihab, Seitz, Christian Martin, Heubach, Florian, Döring, Michaela, Meisel, Roland, Schuster, Friedhelm, Gruhn, Bernd, Keller, Frieder, Rabsteyn, Armin, Arendt, Anne Marie, Amorelli, Germano, Eichholz, Thomas, Feuchtinger, Tobias, Martinius, Holger, Nierkens, Stefan, Teltschik, Rouwen, Schulte, Johannes Hubertus, Lengerke, Claudia, Handgretinger, Rupert, Lang, Peter, CTI Research, Cancer, Infection & Immunity, Maier, Claus Philipp, Klose, Chihab, Seitz, Christian Martin, Heubach, Florian, Döring, Michaela, Meisel, Roland, Schuster, Friedhelm, Gruhn, Bernd, Keller, Frieder, Rabsteyn, Armin, Arendt, Anne Marie, Amorelli, Germano, Eichholz, Thomas, Feuchtinger, Tobias, Martinius, Holger, Nierkens, Stefan, Teltschik, Rouwen, Schulte, Johannes Hubertus, Lengerke, Claudia, Handgretinger, Rupert, and Lang, Peter
Published: 2024

35. The well‐worn route revisited: Striatal and hippocampal system contributions to familiar route navigation

Author: Buckley, Matthew, McGregor, Anthony, Ihssen, Niklas, Austen, Joseph, Thurlbeck, Simon, Smith, Shamus P., Heinecke, Armin, Lew, Adina Raquel, Buckley, Matthew, McGregor, Anthony, Ihssen, Niklas, Austen, Joseph, Thurlbeck, Simon, Smith, Shamus P., Heinecke, Armin, and Lew, Adina Raquel
Abstract: Classic research has shown a division in the neuroanatomical structures that support flexible (e.g., short‐cutting) and habitual (e.g., familiar route following) navigational behavior, with hippocampal–caudate systems associated with the former and putamen systems with the latter. There is, however, disagreement about whether the neural structures involved in navigation process particular forms of spatial information, such as associations between constellations of cues forming a cognitive map, versus single landmark‐action associations, or alternatively, perform particular reinforcement learning algorithms that allow the use of different spatial strategies, so‐called model‐based (flexible) or model‐free (habitual) forms of learning. We sought to test these theories by asking participants (N = 24) to navigate within a virtual environment through a previously learned, 9‐junction route with distinctive landmarks at each junction while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In a series of probe trials, we distinguished knowledge of individual landmark‐action associations along the route versus knowledge of the correct sequence of landmark‐action associations, either by having absent landmarks, or “out‐of‐sequence” landmarks. Under a map‐based perspective, sequence knowledge would not require hippocampal systems, because there are no constellations of cues available for cognitive map formation. Within a learning‐based model, however, responding based on knowledge of sequence would require hippocampal systems because prior context has to be utilized. We found that hippocampal–caudate systems were more active in probes requiring sequence knowledge, supporting the learning‐based model. However, we also found greater putamen activation in probes where navigation based purely on sequence memory could be planned, supporting models of putamen function that emphasize its role in action sequencing.
Published: 2024

36. The well‐worn route revisited: Striatal and hippocampal system contributions to familiar route navigation

Author: Buckley, Matthew, McGregor, Anthony, Ihssen, Niklas, Austen, Joseph, Thurlbeck, Simon, Smith, Shamus P., Heinecke, Armin, Lew, Adina Raquel, Buckley, Matthew, McGregor, Anthony, Ihssen, Niklas, Austen, Joseph, Thurlbeck, Simon, Smith, Shamus P., Heinecke, Armin, and Lew, Adina Raquel
Abstract: Classic research has shown a division in the neuroanatomical structures that support flexible (e.g., short‐cutting) and habitual (e.g., familiar route following) navigational behavior, with hippocampal–caudate systems associated with the former and putamen systems with the latter. There is, however, disagreement about whether the neural structures involved in navigation process particular forms of spatial information, such as associations between constellations of cues forming a cognitive map, versus single landmark‐action associations, or alternatively, perform particular reinforcement learning algorithms that allow the use of different spatial strategies, so‐called model‐based (flexible) or model‐free (habitual) forms of learning. We sought to test these theories by asking participants (N = 24) to navigate within a virtual environment through a previously learned, 9‐junction route with distinctive landmarks at each junction while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In a series of probe trials, we distinguished knowledge of individual landmark‐action associations along the route versus knowledge of the correct sequence of landmark‐action associations, either by having absent landmarks, or “out‐of‐sequence” landmarks. Under a map‐based perspective, sequence knowledge would not require hippocampal systems, because there are no constellations of cues available for cognitive map formation. Within a learning‐based model, however, responding based on knowledge of sequence would require hippocampal systems because prior context has to be utilized. We found that hippocampal–caudate systems were more active in probes requiring sequence knowledge, supporting the learning‐based model. However, we also found greater putamen activation in probes where navigation based purely on sequence memory could be planned, supporting models of putamen function that emphasize its role in action sequencing.
Published: 2024

37. Data‐driven model‐free modified nodal analysis circuit solver

Author: Galetzka, Armin, Loukrezis, Dimitrios, De Gersem, Herbert, Galetzka, Armin, Loukrezis, Dimitrios, and De Gersem, Herbert
Abstract: This work introduces a novel data‐driven model‐free modified nodal analysis (MNA) circuit solver. The solver is capable of handling circuit problems featuring elements for which solely measurement data are available. Rather than utilizing hard‐coded phenomenological model representations, the data‐driven MNA solver reformulates the circuit problem such that the solution is found by minimizing the distance between circuit states that fulfill Kirchhoff's laws, and states belonging to the measurement data. In this way, the formerly inevitable demand for model representations is eliminated, thus avoiding the introduction of related modeling errors and uncertainties. The proposed solver is applied to linear and nonlinear RC‐circuits and to a half‐wave rectifier.
Published: 2024

38. Hydrogen-Tolerant La₀.₆Ca₀.₄Co₀.₂Fe₀.₈O₃₋d Oxygen Transport Membranes from Ultrasonic Spray Synthesis for Plasma-Assisted CO₂ Conversion

Author: Rashid, Aasir, Lim, Hyunjung, Plaz, Daniel, Escobar Cano, Giamper, Bresser, Marc, Wiegers, Katharina-Sophia, Confalonieri, Giorgia, Baek, Sungho, Chen, Guoxing, Feldhoff, Armin, Schulz, Andreas, Weidenkaff, Anke, Widenmeyer, Marc, Rashid, Aasir, Lim, Hyunjung, Plaz, Daniel, Escobar Cano, Giamper, Bresser, Marc, Wiegers, Katharina-Sophia, Confalonieri, Giorgia, Baek, Sungho, Chen, Guoxing, Feldhoff, Armin, Schulz, Andreas, Weidenkaff, Anke, and Widenmeyer, Marc
Abstract: La₀.₆Ca₀.₄Co₁₋ₓFeₓO₃₋d in its various compositions has proven to be an excellent CO₂-resistant oxygen transport membrane that can be used in plasma-assisted CO₂ conversion. With the goal of incorporating green hydrogen into the CO₂ conversion process, this work takes a step further by investigating the compatibility of La₀.₆Ca₀.₄Co₁₋ₓFeₓO₃₋d membranes with hydrogen fed into the plasma. This will enable plasma-assisted conversion of the carbon monoxide produced in the CO₂ reduction process into green fuels, like methanol. This requires the La₀.₆Ca₀.₄Co₁₋ₓFeₓO₃₋d membranes to be tolerant towards reducing conditions of hydrogen. The hydrogen tolerance of La₀.₆Ca₀.₄Co₁₋ₓFeₓO₃₋d (x = 0.8) was studied in detail. A faster and resource-efficient route based on ultrasonic spray synthesis was developed to synthesise the La₀.₆Ca₀.₄Co₀.₂Fe₀.₈O₃₋d membranes. The La₀.₆Ca₀.₄Co₀.₂Fe₀.₈O₃₋d membrane developed using ultrasonic spray synthesis showed similar performance in terms of its oxygen permeation when compared with the ones synthesised with conventional techniques, such as co-precipitation, sol–gel, etc., despite using 30% less cobalt.
Published: 2024

39. OPTE special issue on technical operations research (TOR)

Author: Fügenschuh, Armin, Lorenz, Ulf, Pelz, Peter F., Fügenschuh, Armin, Lorenz, Ulf, and Pelz, Peter F.
Abstract: echnical Operations Research is a bridging discipline that combines elements from engineering sciences (e.g., mechanical, electrical, civil, material sciences), computer science, mathematics and business economics. The aim of the presented special issue is to foster exact optimization in the engineering sciences. A role model is the classic Operations Research which has successfully brought discrete mathematics, combinatorial optimization and other formal disciplines to business engineering and management science. Therefore, we present a variety of contributions that focus on all stages of an engineering design process to derive sustainable systems designs that follow the statement, cf. (Pelz et al. 2021, Section 1.6): “Maximize quality, subject to functionality!”
Published: 2024

40. Profiling Intact Glycosphingolipids with Automated Structural Annotation and Quantitation from Human Samples with Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Author: Schindler, Ryan L, Schindler, Ryan L, Oloumi, Armin, Tena, Jennyfer, Alvarez, Michael Russelle S, Liu, Yiyun, Grijaldo, Sheryl, Barboza, Mariana, Jin, Lee-Way, Zivkovic, Angela M, Lebrilla, Carlito B, Schindler, Ryan L, Schindler, Ryan L, Oloumi, Armin, Tena, Jennyfer, Alvarez, Michael Russelle S, Liu, Yiyun, Grijaldo, Sheryl, Barboza, Mariana, Jin, Lee-Way, Zivkovic, Angela M, and Lebrilla, Carlito B
Abstract: Sphingolipids are an essential subset of bioactive lipids found in most eukaryotic cells that contribute to membrane biophysical properties and are involved in cellular differentiation, recognition, and mediating interactions. The described nanoHPLC-ESI-Q/ToF methodology utilizes known biosynthetic pathways, accurate mass detection, optimized collision-induced disassociation, and a robust nanoflow chromatographic separation for the analysis of intact sphingolipids found in human tissue, cells, and serum. The methodology was developed and validated with an emphasis on addressing the common issues experienced in profiling these amphipathic lipids, which are part of the glycocalyx and lipidome. The high sensitivity obtained using nanorange flow rates with robust chromatographic reproducibility over a wide range of concentrations and injection volumes results in confident identifications for profiling these low-abundant biomolecules.
Published: 2024

41. Physical science research needed to evaluate the viability and risks of marine cloud brightening.

Author: Feingold, Graham, Feingold, Graham, Ghate, Virendra, Russell, Lynn, Blossey, Peter, Cantrell, Will, Christensen, Matthew, Diamond, Michael, Gettelman, Andrew, Glassmeier, Franziska, Gryspeerdt, Edward, Haywood, James, Hoffmann, Fabian, Kaul, Colleen, Lebsock, Matthew, McComiskey, Allison, McCoy, Daniel, Ming, Yi, Mülmenstädt, Johannes, Possner, Anna, Prabhakaran, Prasanth, Quinn, Patricia, Schmidt, K, Shaw, Raymond, Singer, Clare, Sorooshian, Armin, Toll, Velle, Wan, Jessica, Wood, Robert, Yang, Fan, Zhang, Jianhao, Zheng, Xue, Feingold, Graham, Feingold, Graham, Ghate, Virendra, Russell, Lynn, Blossey, Peter, Cantrell, Will, Christensen, Matthew, Diamond, Michael, Gettelman, Andrew, Glassmeier, Franziska, Gryspeerdt, Edward, Haywood, James, Hoffmann, Fabian, Kaul, Colleen, Lebsock, Matthew, McComiskey, Allison, McCoy, Daniel, Ming, Yi, Mülmenstädt, Johannes, Possner, Anna, Prabhakaran, Prasanth, Quinn, Patricia, Schmidt, K, Shaw, Raymond, Singer, Clare, Sorooshian, Armin, Toll, Velle, Wan, Jessica, Wood, Robert, Yang, Fan, Zhang, Jianhao, and Zheng, Xue
Abstract: Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is the deliberate injection of aerosol particles into shallow marine clouds to increase their reflection of solar radiation and reduce the amount of energy absorbed by the climate system. From the physical science perspective, the consensus of a broad international group of scientists is that the viability of MCB will ultimately depend on whether observations and models can robustly assess the scale-up of local-to-global brightening in todays climate and identify strategies that will ensure an equitable geographical distribution of the benefits and risks associated with projected regional changes in temperature and precipitation. To address the physical science knowledge gaps required to assess the societal implications of MCB, we propose a substantial and targeted program of research-field and laboratory experiments, monitoring, and numerical modeling across a range of scales.
Published: 2024

42. Prolonged mass azithromycin distributions and macrolide resistance determinants among preschool children in Niger: A sub-study of a cluster-randomized trial (MORDOR).

Author: Arzika, Ahmed, Arzika, Ahmed, Abdou, Amza, Maliki, Ramatou, Beido, Nassirou, Kadri, Boubacar, Harouna, Abdoul, Galo, Abdoul, Alio, Mankara, Lebas, Elodie, Oldenburg, Catherine, OBrien, Kieran, Chen, Cindi, Zhong, Lina, Zhou, Zhaoxia, Yan, Daisy, Hinterwirth, Armin, Doan, Thuy, Porco, Travis, Keenan, Jeremy, Lietman, Thomas, Arzika, Ahmed, Arzika, Ahmed, Abdou, Amza, Maliki, Ramatou, Beido, Nassirou, Kadri, Boubacar, Harouna, Abdoul, Galo, Abdoul, Alio, Mankara, Lebas, Elodie, Oldenburg, Catherine, OBrien, Kieran, Chen, Cindi, Zhong, Lina, Zhou, Zhaoxia, Yan, Daisy, Hinterwirth, Armin, Doan, Thuy, Porco, Travis, Keenan, Jeremy, and Lietman, Thomas
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Randomized controlled trials found that twice-yearly mass azithromycin administration (MDA) reduces childhood mortality, presumably by reducing infection burden. World Health Organization (WHO) issued conditional guidelines for mass azithromycin administration in high-mortality settings in sub-Saharan Africa given concerns for antibiotic resistance. While prolonged twice-yearly MDA has been shown to increase antibiotic resistance in small randomized controlled trials, the objective of this study was to determine if macrolide and non-macrolide resistance in the gut increases with the duration of azithromycin MDA in a larger setting. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The Macrolide Oraux pour Réduire les Décès avec un Oeil sur la Résistance (MORDOR) study was conducted in Niger from December 2014 to June 2020. It was a cluster-randomized trial of azithromycin (A) versus placebo (P) aimed at evaluating childhood mortality. This is a sub-study in the MORDOR trial to track changes in antibiotic resistance after prolonged azithromycin MDA. A total of 594 communities were eligible. Children 1 to 59 months in 163 randomly chosen communities were eligible to receive treatment and included in resistance monitoring. Participants, staff, and investigators were masked to treatment allocation. At the conclusion of MORDOR Phase I, by design, all communities received an additional year of twice-yearly azithromycin treatments (Phase II). Thus, at the conclusion of Phase II, the treatment history (1 letter per 6-month period) for the participating communities was either (PP-PP-AA) or (AA-AA-AA). In Phase III, participating communities were then re-randomized to receive either another 3 rounds of azithromycin or placebo, thus resulting in 4 treatment histories: Group 1 (AA-AA-AA-AA-A, N = 51), Group 2 (PP-PP-AA-AA-A, N = 40), Group 3 (AA-AA-AA-PP-P, N = 27), and Group 4 (PP-PP-AA-PP-P, N = 32). Rectal swabs from each child (N = 5,340) were obtained 6 months after the last treatment. Ea
Published: 2024

43. Global Spore Sampling Project: A global, standardized dataset of airborne fungal DNA.

Author: Ovaskainen, Otso, Ovaskainen, Otso, Abrego, Nerea, Furneaux, Brendan, Hardwick, Bess, Somervuo, Panu, Palorinne, Isabella, Andrew, Nigel, Babiy, Ulyana, Bao, Tan, Bazzano, Gisela, Bondarchuk, Svetlana, Bonebrake, Timothy, Brennan, Georgina, Bret-Harte, Syndonia, Bässler, Claus, Cagnolo, Luciano, Cameron, Erin, Chapurlat, Elodie, Creer, Simon, DAcqui, Luigi, de Vere, Natasha, Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure, Dongmo, Michel, Dyrholm Jacobsen, Ida, Fisher, Brian, Flores de Jesus, Miguel, Griffith, Gareth, Gritsuk, Anna, Gross, Andrin, Grudd, Håkan, Halme, Panu, Hanna, Rachid, Hansen, Jannik, Hansen, Lars, Hegbe, Apollon, Hill, Sarah, Hogg, Ian, Hultman, Jenni, Hyde, Kevin, Hynson, Nicole, Ivanova, Natalia, Karisto, Petteri, Kerdraon, Deirdre, Knorre, Anastasia, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Kurhinen, Juri, Kuzmina, Masha, Lecomte, Nicolas, Lecomte, Erin, Loaiza, Viviana, Lundin, Erik, Meire, Alexander, Mešić, Armin, Miettinen, Otto, Monkhause, Norman, Mortimer, Peter, Müller, Jörg, Nilsson, R, Nonti, Puani, Nordén, Jenni, Nordén, Björn, Paz, Claudia, Pellikka, Petri, Pereira, Danilo, Petch, Geoff, Pitkänen, Juha-Matti, Popa, Flavius, Potter, Caitlin, Purhonen, Jenna, Pätsi, Sanna, Rafiq, Abdullah, Raharinjanahary, Dimby, Rakos, Niklas, Rathnayaka, Achala, Raundrup, Katrine, Rebriev, Yury, Rikkinen, Jouko, Rogers, Hanna, Rogovsky, Andrey, Rozhkov, Yuri, Runnel, Kadri, Saarto, Annika, Savchenko, Anton, Schlegel, Markus, Schmidt, Niels, Seibold, Sebastian, Skjøth, Carsten, Stengel, Elisa, Sutyrina, Svetlana, Syvänperä, Ilkka, Tedersoo, Leho, Timm, Jebidiah, Tipton, Laura, Toju, Hirokazu, Uscka-Perzanowska, Maria, van der Bank, Michelle, Herman van der Bank, F, Vandenbrink, Bryan, Ventura, Stefano, Vignisson, Solvi, Ovaskainen, Otso, Ovaskainen, Otso, Abrego, Nerea, Furneaux, Brendan, Hardwick, Bess, Somervuo, Panu, Palorinne, Isabella, Andrew, Nigel, Babiy, Ulyana, Bao, Tan, Bazzano, Gisela, Bondarchuk, Svetlana, Bonebrake, Timothy, Brennan, Georgina, Bret-Harte, Syndonia, Bässler, Claus, Cagnolo, Luciano, Cameron, Erin, Chapurlat, Elodie, Creer, Simon, DAcqui, Luigi, de Vere, Natasha, Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure, Dongmo, Michel, Dyrholm Jacobsen, Ida, Fisher, Brian, Flores de Jesus, Miguel, Griffith, Gareth, Gritsuk, Anna, Gross, Andrin, Grudd, Håkan, Halme, Panu, Hanna, Rachid, Hansen, Jannik, Hansen, Lars, Hegbe, Apollon, Hill, Sarah, Hogg, Ian, Hultman, Jenni, Hyde, Kevin, Hynson, Nicole, Ivanova, Natalia, Karisto, Petteri, Kerdraon, Deirdre, Knorre, Anastasia, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Kurhinen, Juri, Kuzmina, Masha, Lecomte, Nicolas, Lecomte, Erin, Loaiza, Viviana, Lundin, Erik, Meire, Alexander, Mešić, Armin, Miettinen, Otto, Monkhause, Norman, Mortimer, Peter, Müller, Jörg, Nilsson, R, Nonti, Puani, Nordén, Jenni, Nordén, Björn, Paz, Claudia, Pellikka, Petri, Pereira, Danilo, Petch, Geoff, Pitkänen, Juha-Matti, Popa, Flavius, Potter, Caitlin, Purhonen, Jenna, Pätsi, Sanna, Rafiq, Abdullah, Raharinjanahary, Dimby, Rakos, Niklas, Rathnayaka, Achala, Raundrup, Katrine, Rebriev, Yury, Rikkinen, Jouko, Rogers, Hanna, Rogovsky, Andrey, Rozhkov, Yuri, Runnel, Kadri, Saarto, Annika, Savchenko, Anton, Schlegel, Markus, Schmidt, Niels, Seibold, Sebastian, Skjøth, Carsten, Stengel, Elisa, Sutyrina, Svetlana, Syvänperä, Ilkka, Tedersoo, Leho, Timm, Jebidiah, Tipton, Laura, Toju, Hirokazu, Uscka-Perzanowska, Maria, van der Bank, Michelle, Herman van der Bank, F, Vandenbrink, Bryan, Ventura, Stefano, and Vignisson, Solvi
Abstract: Novel methods for sampling and characterizing biodiversity hold great promise for re-evaluating patterns of life across the planet. The sampling of airborne spores with a cyclone sampler, and the sequencing of their DNA, have been suggested as an efficient and well-calibrated tool for surveying fungal diversity across various environments. Here we present data originating from the Global Spore Sampling Project, comprising 2,768 samples collected during two years at 47 outdoor locations across the world. Each sample represents fungal DNA extracted from 24 m3 of air. We applied a conservative bioinformatics pipeline that filtered out sequences that did not show strong evidence of representing a fungal species. The pipeline yielded 27,954 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Each OTU is accompanied by a probabilistic taxonomic classification, validated through comparison with expert evaluations. To examine the potential of the data for ecological analyses, we partitioned the variation in species distributions into spatial and seasonal components, showing a strong effect of the annual mean temperature on community composition.
Published: 2024

44. JWST detection of a supernova associated with GRB 221009A without an r-process signature.

Author: Blanchard, Peter, Blanchard, Peter, Villar, V, Chornock, Ryan, Laskar, Tanmoy, Li, Yijia, Leja, Joel, Pierel, Justin, Berger, Edo, Margutti, Raffaella, Alexander, Kate, Barnes, Jennifer, Cendes, Yvette, Eftekhari, Tarraneh, Kasen, Daniel, LeBaron, Natalie, Metzger, Brian, Muzerolle Page, James, Rest, Armin, Sears, Huei, Siegel, Daniel, Yadavalli, S, Blanchard, Peter, Blanchard, Peter, Villar, V, Chornock, Ryan, Laskar, Tanmoy, Li, Yijia, Leja, Joel, Pierel, Justin, Berger, Edo, Margutti, Raffaella, Alexander, Kate, Barnes, Jennifer, Cendes, Yvette, Eftekhari, Tarraneh, Kasen, Daniel, LeBaron, Natalie, Metzger, Brian, Muzerolle Page, James, Rest, Armin, Sears, Huei, Siegel, Daniel, and Yadavalli, S
Abstract: Identifying the sites of r-process nucleosynthesis, a primary mechanism of heavy element production, is a key goal of astrophysics. The discovery of the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) to date, GRB 221009A, presented an opportunity to spectroscopically test the idea that r-process elements are produced following the collapse of rapidly rotating massive stars. Here we present James Webb Space Telescope observations of GRB 221009A obtained +168 and +170 rest-frame days after the gamma-ray trigger, and demonstrate that they are well described by a SN 1998bw-like supernova (SN) and power-law afterglow, with no evidence for a component from r-process emission. The SN, with a nickel mass of approximately 0.09 M ⊙, is only slightly fainter than the brightness of SN 1998bw at this phase, which indicates that the SN is not an unusual GRB-SN. This demonstrates that the GRB and SN mechanisms are decoupled and that highly energetic GRBs are not likely to produce significant quantities of r-process material, which leaves open the question of whether explosions of massive stars are key sources of r-process elements. Moreover, the host galaxy of GRB 221009A has a very low metallicity of approximately 0.12 Z ⊙ and strong H2 emission at the explosion site, which is consistent with recent star formation, hinting that environmental factors are responsible for its extreme energetics.
Published: 2024

45. Genomes of multicellular algal sisters to land plants illuminate signaling network evolution.

Author: Feng, Xuehuan, Feng, Xuehuan, Zheng, Jinfang, Irisarri, Iker, Yu, Huihui, Zheng, Bo, Ali, Zahin, de Vries, Sophie, Keller, Jean, Fürst-Jansen, Janine, Dadras, Armin, Zegers, Jaccoline, Rieseberg, Tim, Dhabalia Ashok, Amra, Darienko, Tatyana, Bierenbroodspot, Maaike, Gramzow, Lydia, Petroll, Romy, Haas, Fabian, Fernandez-Pozo, Noe, Nousias, Orestis, Li, Tang, Fitzek, Elisabeth, Grayburn, W, Rittmeier, Nina, Permann, Charlotte, Rümpler, Florian, Archibald, John, Theißen, Günter, Mower, Jeffrey, Lorenz, Maike, Buschmann, Henrik, von Schwartzenberg, Klaus, Boston, Lori, Hayes, Richard, Daum, Chris, Barry, Kerrie, Grigoriev, Igor, Wang, Xiyin, Li, Fay-Wei, Rensing, Stefan, Ben Ari, Julius, Keren, Noa, Mosquna, Assaf, Holzinger, Andreas, Delaux, Pierre-Marc, Zhang, Chi, Huang, Jinling, Mutwil, Marek, de Vries, Jan, Yin, Yanbin, Feng, Xuehuan, Feng, Xuehuan, Zheng, Jinfang, Irisarri, Iker, Yu, Huihui, Zheng, Bo, Ali, Zahin, de Vries, Sophie, Keller, Jean, Fürst-Jansen, Janine, Dadras, Armin, Zegers, Jaccoline, Rieseberg, Tim, Dhabalia Ashok, Amra, Darienko, Tatyana, Bierenbroodspot, Maaike, Gramzow, Lydia, Petroll, Romy, Haas, Fabian, Fernandez-Pozo, Noe, Nousias, Orestis, Li, Tang, Fitzek, Elisabeth, Grayburn, W, Rittmeier, Nina, Permann, Charlotte, Rümpler, Florian, Archibald, John, Theißen, Günter, Mower, Jeffrey, Lorenz, Maike, Buschmann, Henrik, von Schwartzenberg, Klaus, Boston, Lori, Hayes, Richard, Daum, Chris, Barry, Kerrie, Grigoriev, Igor, Wang, Xiyin, Li, Fay-Wei, Rensing, Stefan, Ben Ari, Julius, Keren, Noa, Mosquna, Assaf, Holzinger, Andreas, Delaux, Pierre-Marc, Zhang, Chi, Huang, Jinling, Mutwil, Marek, de Vries, Jan, and Yin, Yanbin
Abstract: Zygnematophyceae are the algal sisters of land plants. Here we sequenced four genomes of filamentous Zygnematophyceae, including chromosome-scale assemblies for three strains of Zygnema circumcarinatum. We inferred traits in the ancestor of Zygnematophyceae and land plants that might have ushered in the conquest of land by plants: expanded genes for signaling cascades, environmental response, and multicellular growth. Zygnematophyceae and land plants share all the major enzymes for cell wall synthesis and remodifications, and gene gains shaped this toolkit. Co-expression network analyses uncover gene cohorts that unite environmental signaling with multicellular developmental programs. Our data shed light on a molecular chassis that balances environmental response and growth modulation across more than 600 million years of streptophyte evolution.
Published: 2024

46. Structure and function of the ROR2 cysteine-rich domain in vertebrate noncanonical WNT5A signaling

Author: Griffiths, Samuel C, Griffiths, Samuel C, Tan, Jia, Wagner, Armin, Blazer, Levi L, Adams, Jarrett J, Srinivasan, Srisathya, Moghisaei, Shayan, Sidhu, Sachdev S, Siebold, Christian, Ho, Hsin-Yi Henry, Griffiths, Samuel C, Griffiths, Samuel C, Tan, Jia, Wagner, Armin, Blazer, Levi L, Adams, Jarrett J, Srinivasan, Srisathya, Moghisaei, Shayan, Sidhu, Sachdev S, Siebold, Christian, and Ho, Hsin-Yi Henry
Abstract: The receptor tyrosine kinase ROR2 mediates noncanonical WNT5A signaling to orchestrate tissue morphogenetic processes, and dysfunction of the pathway causes Robinow syndrome, brachydactyly B, and metastatic diseases. The domain(s) and mechanisms required for ROR2 function, however, remain unclear. We solved the crystal structure of the extracellular cysteine-rich (CRD) and Kringle (Kr) domains of ROR2 and found that, unlike other CRDs, the ROR2 CRD lacks the signature hydrophobic pocket that binds lipids/lipid-modified proteins, such as WNTs, suggesting a novel mechanism of ligand reception. Functionally, we showed that the ROR2 CRD, but not other domains, is required and minimally sufficient to promote WNT5A signaling, and Robinow mutations in the CRD and the adjacent Kr impair ROR2 secretion and function. Moreover, using function-activating and -perturbing antibodies against the Frizzled (FZ) family of WNT receptors, we demonstrate the involvement of FZ in WNT5A-ROR signaling. Thus, ROR2 acts via its CRD to potentiate the function of a receptor super-complex that includes FZ to transduce WNT5A signals.
Published: 2024

47. Pediatric Burns – Who Requires Follow-up? A Study of Urban Pediatric Emergency Department Patients

Author: Heyming, Theodore, Heyming, Theodore, Dunkelman, Andrea, Gibbs, David, Knudsen-Robbins, Chloe, Schomberg, John, Takallou, Armin, Lara, Bryan, Valdez, Brooke, Joe, Victor, Heyming, Theodore, Heyming, Theodore, Dunkelman, Andrea, Gibbs, David, Knudsen-Robbins, Chloe, Schomberg, John, Takallou, Armin, Lara, Bryan, Valdez, Brooke, and Joe, Victor
Abstract: Introduction: Hundreds of children suffer burn injuries each day, yet care guidelines regarding the need for acute inpatient treatment vs outpatient follow-up vs no required follow-up remain nebulous. This gap in the literature is particularly salient for the emergency clinician, who must be able to rapidly determine appropriate disposition. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients presenting to a Level II pediatric trauma center, January 1, 2017–December 31, 2019, and discharged with an International Classification of Diseases, Rev 10, burn diagnosis. We obtained and analyzed demographics, burn characteristics, and follow-up data using univariate and bivariate analysis as well as logistic regression modeling. Patients were stratified into three outcome groups: group 1—patients who underwent emergent evaluation at a burn center or were admitted at their first follow-up appointment; group 2—patients who followed up at a burn center (as an outpatient) or at the emergency department (and were discharged home); and group 3—patients with no known follow-up. Results: A total of 572 patients were included in this study; 58.9% of patients were 1–5 years of age. Sixty-five patients met group 1 criteria, 189 patients met group 2 criteria, and 318 patients met group 3 criteria. Sixty-five percent of patients met at least one American Burn Association criteria, and 79% of all burns were second-degree burns. Flame and scald burns were associated with increased odds (odds ratio [OR] 1.21,O1.12) of group 1 vs group 2 + group 3 (P = 0.02, P < 0.001). Second/third-degree burns and concern for non-accidental trauma were also associated with increased odds of group 1 vs 2 or 3 (OR = 1.11, 1.35, P ≤ 0.001, 0.001, respectively). Scald burns were associated with increased odds of group 2 compared to group 3 (OR 1.11, P = 0.04). Second/third degree burns were also associated with increased odds of group 2 vs 3 (OR 1.19, P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: There were few statistically s
Published: 2024

48. Heterogenous pathogen profile associated with acute conjunctivitis in Nepal.

Author: Chaudhary, Meenu, Chaudhary, Meenu, Sitaula, Sanjeeta, Ruder, Kevin, Chen, Cindi, Zhong, Lina, Heng Lu, Yu, Abraham, Thomas, Yu, Danny, Hinterwirth, Armin, Lietman, Thomas, Doan, Thuy, Seitzman, Gerami, Chaudhary, Meenu, Chaudhary, Meenu, Sitaula, Sanjeeta, Ruder, Kevin, Chen, Cindi, Zhong, Lina, Heng Lu, Yu, Abraham, Thomas, Yu, Danny, Hinterwirth, Armin, Lietman, Thomas, Doan, Thuy, and Seitzman, Gerami
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Infectious conjunctivitis is common in Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study recruited 60 patients with presumed acute infectious conjunctivitis from the B.P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies in Kathmandu, Nepal. Swabs from the conjunctiva and anterior nares were processed for metagenomic RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq). RESULTS: Pathogens were identified in 55% of cases. RNA viruses were the most common pathogen class identified. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was the most common RNA virus identified. CONCLUSIONS: Acute infectious conjunctivitis varies by location. Contrary to expectations, RNA viruses predominated. Repeat surveillance may be useful and RNA-seq allows for detection of the unexpected pathogen including RNA viruses.
Published: 2024

49. Capturing chemical reactions inside biomolecular condensates with reactive Martini simulations.

Author: Brasnett, Christopher, Brasnett, Christopher, Kiani, Armin, Sami, Selim, Otto, Sijbren, Marrink, Siewert, Brasnett, Christopher, Brasnett, Christopher, Kiani, Armin, Sami, Selim, Otto, Sijbren, and Marrink, Siewert
Abstract: Biomolecular condensates are phase separated systems that play an important role in the spatio-temporal organisation of cells. Their distinct physico-chemical nature offers a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. The compartmentalisation of chemical reactions is also believed to be central to the development of early life. To demonstrate how molecular dynamics may be used to capture chemical reactions in condensates, here we perform reactive molecular dynamics simulations using the coarse-grained Martini forcefield. We focus on the formation of rings of benzene-1,3-dithiol inside a synthetic peptide-based condensate, and find that the ring size distribution shifts to larger macrocycles compared to when the reaction takes place in an aqueous environment. Moreover, reaction rates are noticeably increased when the peptides simultaneously undergo phase separation, hinting that condensates may act as chaperones in recruiting molecules to reaction hubs.
Published: 2024

50. Airborne DNA reveals predictable spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi.

Author: Abrego, Nerea, Abrego, Nerea, Furneaux, Brendan, Hardwick, Bess, Somervuo, Panu, Palorinne, Isabella, Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos, Andrew, Nigel, Babiy, Ulyana, Bao, Tan, Bazzano, Gisela, Bondarchuk, Svetlana, Bonebrake, Timothy, Brennan, Georgina, Bret-Harte, Syndonia, Bässler, Claus, Cagnolo, Luciano, Cameron, Erin, Chapurlat, Elodie, Creer, Simon, DAcqui, Luigi, de Vere, Natasha, Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure, Dongmo, Michel, Jacobsen, Ida, Fisher, Brian, Flores de Jesus, Miguel, Gilbert, Gregory, Griffith, Gareth, Gritsuk, Anna, Gross, Andrin, Grudd, Håkan, Halme, Panu, Hanna, Rachid, Hansen, Jannik, Hansen, Lars, Hegbe, Apollon, Hill, Sarah, Hogg, Ian, Hultman, Jenni, Hyde, Kevin, Hynson, Nicole, Ivanova, Natalia, Karisto, Petteri, Kerdraon, Deirdre, Knorre, Anastasia, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Kurhinen, Juri, Kuzmina, Masha, Lecomte, Nicolas, Lecomte, Erin, Loaiza, Viviana, Lundin, Erik, Meire, Alexander, Mešić, Armin, Miettinen, Otto, Monkhouse, Norman, Mortimer, Peter, Müller, Jörg, Nilsson, R, Nonti, Puani, Nordén, Jenni, Nordén, Björn, Norros, Veera, Paz, Claudia, Pellikka, Petri, Pereira, Danilo, Petch, Geoff, Pitkänen, Juha-Matti, Popa, Flavius, Potter, Caitlin, Purhonen, Jenna, Pätsi, Sanna, Rafiq, Abdullah, Raharinjanahary, Dimby, Rakos, Niklas, Rathnayaka, Achala, Raundrup, Katrine, Rebriev, Yury, Rikkinen, Jouko, Rogers, Hanna, Rogovsky, Andrey, Rozhkov, Yuri, Runnel, Kadri, Saarto, Annika, Savchenko, Anton, Schlegel, Markus, Schmidt, Niels, Seibold, Sebastian, Skjøth, Carsten, Stengel, Elisa, Sutyrina, Svetlana, Syvänperä, Ilkka, Tedersoo, Leho, Timm, Jebidiah, Tipton, Laura, Toju, Hirokazu, Uscka-Perzanowska, Maria, van der Bank, Michelle, van der Bank, F, Vandenbrink, Bryan, Abrego, Nerea, Abrego, Nerea, Furneaux, Brendan, Hardwick, Bess, Somervuo, Panu, Palorinne, Isabella, Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos, Andrew, Nigel, Babiy, Ulyana, Bao, Tan, Bazzano, Gisela, Bondarchuk, Svetlana, Bonebrake, Timothy, Brennan, Georgina, Bret-Harte, Syndonia, Bässler, Claus, Cagnolo, Luciano, Cameron, Erin, Chapurlat, Elodie, Creer, Simon, DAcqui, Luigi, de Vere, Natasha, Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure, Dongmo, Michel, Jacobsen, Ida, Fisher, Brian, Flores de Jesus, Miguel, Gilbert, Gregory, Griffith, Gareth, Gritsuk, Anna, Gross, Andrin, Grudd, Håkan, Halme, Panu, Hanna, Rachid, Hansen, Jannik, Hansen, Lars, Hegbe, Apollon, Hill, Sarah, Hogg, Ian, Hultman, Jenni, Hyde, Kevin, Hynson, Nicole, Ivanova, Natalia, Karisto, Petteri, Kerdraon, Deirdre, Knorre, Anastasia, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Kurhinen, Juri, Kuzmina, Masha, Lecomte, Nicolas, Lecomte, Erin, Loaiza, Viviana, Lundin, Erik, Meire, Alexander, Mešić, Armin, Miettinen, Otto, Monkhouse, Norman, Mortimer, Peter, Müller, Jörg, Nilsson, R, Nonti, Puani, Nordén, Jenni, Nordén, Björn, Norros, Veera, Paz, Claudia, Pellikka, Petri, Pereira, Danilo, Petch, Geoff, Pitkänen, Juha-Matti, Popa, Flavius, Potter, Caitlin, Purhonen, Jenna, Pätsi, Sanna, Rafiq, Abdullah, Raharinjanahary, Dimby, Rakos, Niklas, Rathnayaka, Achala, Raundrup, Katrine, Rebriev, Yury, Rikkinen, Jouko, Rogers, Hanna, Rogovsky, Andrey, Rozhkov, Yuri, Runnel, Kadri, Saarto, Annika, Savchenko, Anton, Schlegel, Markus, Schmidt, Niels, Seibold, Sebastian, Skjøth, Carsten, Stengel, Elisa, Sutyrina, Svetlana, Syvänperä, Ilkka, Tedersoo, Leho, Timm, Jebidiah, Tipton, Laura, Toju, Hirokazu, Uscka-Perzanowska, Maria, van der Bank, Michelle, van der Bank, F, and Vandenbrink, Bryan
Abstract: Fungi are among the most diverse and ecologically important kingdoms in life. However, the distributional ranges of fungi remain largely unknown as do the ecological mechanisms that shape their distributions1,2. To provide an integrated view of the spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi, we implemented a globally distributed standardized aerial sampling of fungal spores3. The vast majority of operational taxonomic units were detected within only one climatic zone, and the spatiotemporal patterns of species richness and community composition were mostly explained by annual mean air temperature. Tropical regions hosted the highest fungal diversity except for lichenized, ericoid mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi, which reached their peak diversity in temperate regions. The sensitivity in climatic responses was associated with phylogenetic relatedness, suggesting that large-scale distributions of some fungal groups are partially constrained by their ancestral niche. There was a strong phylogenetic signal in seasonal sensitivity, suggesting that some groups of fungi have retained their ancestral trait of sporulating for only a short period. Overall, our results show that the hyperdiverse kingdom of fungi follows globally highly predictable spatial and temporal dynamics, with seasonality in both species richness and community composition increasing with latitude. Our study reports patterns resembling those described for other major groups of organisms, thus making a major contribution to the long-standing debate on whether organisms with a microbial lifestyle follow the global biodiversity paradigms known for macroorganisms4,5.
Published: 2024

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