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A series of gold colloids were prepared and immobilized on commercial activated carbon. The influence of the colloid preparation and stability were studied and related to the gold particle size in the final catalyst. The catalysts show an important activity in the glucose to gluconic acid oxidation reaction, leading to gluconic acid yield close to 90% in base free mild conditions (0.1 MPa O and 40 °C). The size-activity correlation and probable mechanism were also discussed. Finally, the viability of the catalyst was tested by recycling it up to four times.

[Background]: Systems biologists study interaction data to understand the behaviour of whole cell systems, and their environment, at a molecular level. In order to effectively achieve this goal, it is critical that researchers have high quality interaction datasets available to them, in a standard data format, and also a suite of tools with which to analyse such data and form experimentally testable hypotheses from them. The PSI-MI XML standard interchange format was initially published in 2004, and expanded in 2007 to enable the download and interchange of molecular interaction data. PSI-XML2.5 was designed to describe experimental data and to date has fulfilled this basic requirement. However, new use cases have arisen that the format cannot properly accommodate. These include data abstracted from more than one publication such as allosteric/cooperative interactions and protein complexes, dynamic interactions and the need to link kinetic and affinity data to specific mutational changes. [Results]: The Molecular Interaction workgroup of the HUPO-PSI has extended the existing, well-used XML interchange format for molecular interaction data to meet new use cases and enable the capture of new data types, following extensive community consultation. PSI-MI XML3.0 expands the capabilities of the format beyond simple experimental data, with a concomitant update of the tool suite which serves this format. The format has been implemented by key data producers such as the International Molecular Exchange (IMEx) Consortium of protein interaction databases and the Complex Portal. [Conclusions]: PSI-MI XML3.0 has been developed by the data producers, data users, tool developers and database providers who constitute the PSI-MI workgroup. This group now actively supports PSI-MI XML2.5 as the main interchange format for experimental data, PSI-MI XML3.0 which additionally handles more complex data types, and the simpler, tab-delimited MITAB2.5, 2.6 and 2.7 for rapid parsing and dow

© 2019, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved. The article describes the paths of development and the formation stages of Russian Arabic studies via the systematization of the accumulated body of knowledge about Russian Arabic studies, as well as the analysis of the information received and the synthesis of new ideas. As a result, after the changes in the world linguistic science, communicative competences came to the forefront in foreign language teaching, and grammar faded into the background. Thus, it can be concluded that Russian Arabic studies have great potential for development and rich history.

© Serials Publications.The relevance of the problem lies in the necessity of detailed study of the Middle East region and its potential in the field of virtual education caused by the fact that all existing studies cover the projects which were implemented in the educational space of North America and Western Europe. The basic approach is presented by the method of observation, the method of interview with the ideologists of the Syrian Virtual University, which is the subject of our study, as well as the survey of students. The main results of the study consist in identification of distinctive features of virtual learning, definition of the required conditions for adaptation of the model, as well as determination of the main problems occurred within the process of implementation of the virtual university model by the example of the Syrian Virtual University. The research creates necessary prerequisites for a more detailed and deep analysis of the educational process development in the Middle East; the results of the study may be included in teaching materials and textbooks on pedagogy.

© Serials Publications.The relevance of the problem lies in the necessity of detailed study of the Middle East region and its potential in the field of virtual education caused by the fact that all existing studies cover the projects which were implemented in the educational space of North America and Western Europe. The basic approach is presented by the method of observation, the method of interview with the ideologists of the Syrian Virtual University, which is the subject of our study, as well as the survey of students. The main results of the study consist in identification of distinctive features of virtual learning, definition of the required conditions for adaptation of the model, as well as determination of the main problems occurred within the process of implementation of the virtual university model by the example of the Syrian Virtual University. The research creates necessary prerequisites for a more detailed and deep analysis of the educational process development in the Middle East; the results of the study may be included in teaching materials and textbooks on pedagogy.