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Ligand/receptor multivalent interactions have been exploited to drive self-assembly of nanoparticles, hard colloids, and, more recently, compliant units including emulsion droplets and lipid vesicles. In deformable liposomes, formation of links between two membranes produces morphological changes depending on the amount of ligands in the environment. Here, we study a proof-of-concept biosensing system in which single lipid vesicles adhere to a flat supported lipid bilayer, both decorated with membrane-anchored biotinylated receptors. Adhesion is driven by multivalent streptavidin (SA) ligands forming bridges between the vesicles and the supported bilayer. Upon changing the concentration of ligands, we characterize the morphological and mechanical changes of the vesicles, including the formation of a stable adhesion patch, membrane tension, and the kinetics of bridge rupture/formation. We observe vesicle binding only within a specific range of ligand concentrations: adhesion does not occur if the amount of SA is either too low or too high. A theoretical model is presented, elucidating the mechanism underlying this observation, particularly, the role of SA multivalency in determining the onset of adhesion. We elaborate on how the behavior of membranes studied here could be exploited in next-generation (bio)molecular analytical devices., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The new role of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) as a news platforms provides a motivation to more action. The Internet has encouraged to change the role of journalists in the communication process, and shifted the news style, and support people to use other news platforms to access information. This study is interested in knowing the reasons for the use of Jordanian journalists to social networking sites in their work.In addition, we aim to find out the change wrought by social networking sites on the roles of journalists and the transition from traditional media to new media. The finding of this paper found that, journalists can bring ideas and feedback about any issue from audiences and via continuous interactivity with users, journalists seeking to develop a different form of relationship more effective than the connection types created by traditional media. The Journalist is working on the review of people and journalists pages, and pages of news sites, local and international newspapers, to know the latest news and details about a specific issue, or to get new ideas could have used in the construction of a report or story.

The role of journalists, and journalism has progressed into a more digitalized journalism. Social Networking Sites (SNSs) allow people to take part in online activities and remove the barrier for online users to publish and share information at any place at any time. Among various social media, this review limits its review scope to SNSs, which have been considered to be the most pertinent social medium used in the field of communication management.This paper intends to show that credibility of social media is the key factor that enhances public engagement and communication effectiveness in the digital/social media.This paper is intended to elicit the factors that could affect the credibility of news from SNSs.Specifically, this article reviews on the needs to study journalist perspectives and attitudes on the credibility of news published on SNSs sites, and found few variables that could affect the credibility of the media and the news, which is linked to journalistic work. These include: the interactive media, technology acceptance, quality of news’ source, and the exposure of the media.The review of the literature suggests the dire research needs to focus on journalists’ perspectives and attitudes towards the new media to ensure credibility of news and journalism is continuously sustained and improved.