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Lascar (5592 m a.s.l.) and Lastarria (5697 m a.s.l.) are Chilean active stratovolcanoes located in the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ; 16°S to 28°S) that have developed on top of a 71 km thick continental crust. Independently of the similarities in their Plinian/Vulcanian eruptive styles, their complex magmatic feeding structures and the origins of their magmatic fluids still necessitate constraints in order to improve the reliability of geochemical monitoring. Here we investigate the petrography, bulk-rock chemistry, and mineral chemistry in products from the 1986–1993 explosive eruptive cycle at Lascar and from several Holocene eruptive sequences at Lastarria. These data are integrated with measurements of the noble gas isotopes in fluid inclusions (FIs) of minerals from the same products as well as in fumarole gases. The geochemistry of minerals and rocks shows that the studied products belong to high-K–calc-alkaline series typical of subduction-related settings, and provide evidence of differentiation, mixing, and crustal assimilation that are higher at Lastarria. The contribution of slab sediments and fluids to magma genesis in the wedge is limited, suggesting a homogeneous mantle beneath CVZ. The deepest crystallization processes occurred at variable levels of the plumbing systems according to the lithostatic equivalent depths estimated with mineral equilibrium geobarometers at Lascar (15–29 km) and Lastarria (~20–40 km). The 40Ar/36Ar and 4He/20Ne ratios in FIs and fumarole gases indicate the presence of some degree of air contamination in the fluids from both volcanoes. The 3He/4He values at Lascar (6.9–7.3 Ra) are relatively homogeneous and comparable to those of fumaroles, suggesting a main zone of magma crystallization and degassing. In contrast, the 3He/4He values at Lastarria (5.31–8.01 Ra) vary over a wide range, suggesting various magma storage levels and providing evidence of crustal contamination, as indicated by the rock chemistry. We argue that mantle

A conventional turbofan engine consists of multiple stages of fan blades. The turbulent wake shed from the rotating blades will interact with the OGV (Outlet Guide Vane). As the major sound source, the turbulence-OGV interaction noise will propagate towards both upstream and downstream. The upstream propagating sound will interact with the rotating blade. Part of the sound will be blocked and only a part of acoustic wave can go through the fan-stage and propagate outwards. As a result, the sound wave is weakened due to the blockage effect in the upstream direction, while the acoustic power is enhanced in the downstream. The Euler equations are solved to account for the noise generation, propagation and scattering, while the wake turbulence is modelled by the synthetic turbulence method. The influence of geometry factors such as stagger angle and blade gap on the noise are systematically investigated. © "Advances in Acoustics, Noise and Vibration - 2021" Proceedings of the 27th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, ICSV 2021. All rights reserved.

Recent geophysical evidence for large-scale regional crustal inflation and localized crustal magma intrusion has made Lastarria volcano (northern Chile) the target of numerous geological, geophysical, and geochemical studies. The chemical composition of volcanic gases sampled during discrete campaigns from Lastarria volcano indicated a well-developed hydrothermal system from direct fumarole samples in A.D. 2006, 2008, and 2009, and shallow magma degassing using measurements from in situ plume sampling techniques in 2012. It is unclear if the differences in measured gas compositions and resulting interpretations were due to artifacts of the different sampling methods employed, short-term excursions from baseline due to localized changes in stress, or a systematic change in Lastarria's magmatic-hydrothermal system between 2009 and 2012. Integrated results from a two-day volcanic gas sampling and measurement campaign during the 2014 International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) Commission on the Chemistry of Volcanic Gases (CCVG) 12th Gas Workshop are used here to compare and evaluate current gas sampling and measurement techniques, refine the existing subsurface models for Lastarria volcano, and provide new constraints on its magmatic-hydrothermal system and total degassing budget. While compositional differences among sampling methods are present, distinct compositional changes are observed, which if representative of longterm trends, indicate a change in Lastarria's overall magmatic-hydrothermal system. The composition of volcanic gases measured in 2014 contained high proportions of relatively magma- and water-soluble gases consistent with degassing of shallow magma, and in agreement with the 2012 gas composition. When compared with gas compositions measured in 2006-2009, higher relative H2O/CO2 ratios combined with lower relative CO2/St and H2O/St and stable HCl/St ratios (where St is total S [SO2 + H2S]) are observed in 20

The Principal Cordillera of Central Chile is characterized by two belts of different ages and lithologies: (i) an eastern Mesozoic belt, consisting of limestone- and gypsum-rich sedimentary rocks at the border between Central Chile and Argentina, where the active volcanic arc occurs; and (ii) a western belt of Cenozoic age containing basaltic to andesitic volcanic and volcanoclastic sequences. This distinctive geological setting controls water chemistry of cold and thermal springs in the region, which are fed by meteoric water that circulates through deep regional structures. In the western sector of Principal Cordillera, water-rock interaction processes produce low TDS, slightly alkaline HCO3- dominated waters, although dissolution of underlying Mesozoic evaporitic rocks occasionally causes SO42- and Cl- enrichments. In this area, few Na+-HCO3- and Na+-SO42- waters occurred, being likely produced by a Ca2+-Na+ exchange during water-rock interactions. Differently, the chemical features of Ca2+-Cl- waters was likely related to an albitization-chloritization process affecting basaltic to andesitic rocks outcropping in this area. Addition of Na+-Cl- brines uprising from the eastern sector through the west-verging thrust faults cannot be excluded, as suggested by the occurrence of mantle He (~19%) in dissolved gases. In contrast, in the eastern sector of the study region, mainly characterized by the occurrence of evaporitic sequences and relatively high heat flow, mature Na+-Cl- waters were recognized, the latter being likely related to promising geothermal reservoirs, as supported by the chemical composition of the associated bubbling and fumarolic gases. Their relatively low 3He/4He ratios (up to 3.9 Ra) measured in the fumaroles on this area evidenced a significant crustal contamination by radiogenic 4He. The latter was likely due to (i) degassing from 4He-rich magma batches residing in the crust, and/or (ii) addition of fluids interacting with sedimentary rocks. Thi

This paper addresses the research question, ‘What are the diffusion determinants for green urbanism innovations in Australia?’ This is a significant topic given the global movement towards green urbanism. The study reported here is based on desktop research that provides new insights through (1) synthesis of the latest research findings on green urbanism innovations and (2) interpretation of diffusion issues through our innovation system model. Although innovation determinants have been studied extensively overseas and in Australia, there is presently a gap in the literature when it comes to these determinants for green urbanism in Australia. The current paper fills this gap. Using a conceptual framework drawn from the innovation systems literature, this paper synthesises and interprets the literature to map the current state of green urbanism innovations in Australia and to analyse the drivers for, and obstacles to, their optimal diffusion. The results point to the importance of collaboration between project-based actors in the implementation of green urbanism. Education, training and regulation across the product system is also required to improve the cultural and technical context for implementation. The results are limited by their exploratory nature and future research is planned to quantify barriers to green urbanism.

Spanning over a considerable length of time, facility management is a key phase in the development cycle of built assets. Therefore facility managers are in a commanding position to maximise the potential of sustainability through the operation, maintenance and upgrade of built facilities leading to decommission and deconstruction. Sustainability endeavours in facility management practices will not only contribute to reducing energy consumption, waste and running costs, but also help improve organisational productivity, financial returns and community standing of the organisation. At the forefront facing sustainability challenge, facility manager should be empowered with the necessary knowledge and capabilities. However, literature studies show a gap between the current level of awareness and the specific knowledge and necessary skills required to pursue sustainability in the profession. People capability is considered as the key enabler in managing the sustainability agenda as well as being central to the improvement of competency and innovation in an organization. This paper aims to identify the critical factors for enhancing people capabilities in promoting the sustainability agenda in facility management practices. Starting with a total of 60 factors identified through literature review, the authors conducted a questionnaire survey to assess the perceived importance of these factors. The findings reveal 23 critical factors as significantly important. They form the basis of a mechanism framework developed to equip facility managers with the right knowledge, to continue education and training and to develop new mind-sets to enhance the implementation of sustainability measures in FM practices.

Cool roof coatings are identified by their solar reflectance index. They have been reported to have multiple benefits, the extent of which are strongly dependent on the peculiarities of the local climate, building stock and electricity network. This paper presents measured and simulated data from residential, educational and commercial buildings involved in recent field trials in Australia. The purpose of the field trials was to evaluate the impact of such coatings on electricity demand and load and to assess their potential application to improve comfort whilst avoiding the need for air conditioners. Measured reductions in temperature, power (kW) and energy (kWh) were used to develop a predictive model that correlates ambient temperature distribution profiles, building demand reduction profiles and electricity network peak demand times. Combined with simulated data, the study indicates the types of buildings that could be targeted in Demand Management programs for the mutual benefit of electricity networks and building occupants.

Prefabricated housing innovations have the potential to reduce the environmental impact of construction through improvements to efficiency and quality. The current paper presents a number of recommendations for increasing the adoption of prefabrication based on a review of published evidence. The recommendations consider multiple stakeholders including builders and other intermediaries, suppliers, end-users, as well as their interaction with the broader policy context and technical issues

The literature advocates more widespread adoption of a particular type of house – a manufactured high performance green house and/or house components (MHPGH) and this is the focus of the research proposal outlined in this conceptual paper. The aim of the current paper is to outline a robust program of work to improve adoption of MHPGH. The contribution of houses to climate change is investigated, the conservatism of the construction industry is documented, a conceptual framework through which to understand the problem is presented; a program of research to bring about change is outlined; and the benefits of doing so are summarised. The contribution of the paper is the presentation of novel theory and methods to address sustainability problems in the construction industry. Future work will involve execution of the proposal. A limitation of the paper is that the effectiveness of the proposed theory and methods are yet to be tested.

To characterize three radiopaque Magnesium Phosphate Cements (MPCs) developed for endodontic purposes, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

This article examines some features of Kawesqar stories, so far an unknown aspect of the oral literature of this ethnic group, one of the most ancient Fueguian peoples of Chile. Some issues in translating this type of oral literature is also examined from a general point of view and, in particular, issues found in the translation of Kawesqar texts., En este artículo se examinan algunos rasgos característicos de los cuentos kawésqar, aspecto desconocido a la fecha de la literatura oral de uno de los pueblos fueguinos más antiguos de Chile; asimismo se analizan en general algunos problemas de la traducción de este tipo de literatura oral y, en particular, los que se han encontrado en la traducción de estos textos kawésqar.

This article examines some features of Kawesqar stories, so far an unknown aspect of the oral literature of this ethnic group, one of the most ancient Fueguian peoples of Chile. Some issues in translating this type of oral literature is also examined from a general point of view and, in particular, issues found in the translation of Kawesqar texts., En este artículo se examinan algunos rasgos característicos de los cuentos kawésqar, aspecto desconocido a la fecha de la literatura oral de uno de los pueblos fueguinos más antiguos de Chile; asimismo se analizan en general algunos problemas de la traducción de este tipo de literatura oral y, en particular, los que se han encontrado en la traducción de estos textos kawésqar.

A study has been carried out of factors that influence stock pricing of junior lithium exploration companies, using several economic variables and mining fundamentals, reviewing whether economic governance by the Toronto Stock Exchange Venture (TSXV) is correct. The analysis was done using panel data, mainly Prais-Winsten regressions, in which the stock movement of a group rather than an individual is better understood. The main results showed the dependency between the stock price and the S&P/TSXV composite index of the month, NI 43-101 technical reports from the last month, having prospects of the brine type, the last month return and four temporal effects. Other variables were the presence of projects in Canada or Bolivia, being focused on lithium, or possessing a mineral type prospect. Variables that are important to determine the stock price (such as resources and reserves, the existence of a joint-venture with a consumer, production, demand and lithium price) were found not to be relevant in the analysis either for projects in early stages or for companies that were close to production. This was possibly due to the availability of information, promoting speculation in actual and future data; day by day information is not always accessible, which generates an information asymmetry with the big companies., A study has been carried out of factors that influence stock pricing of junior lithium exploration companies, using several economic variables and mining fundamentals, reviewing whether economic governance by the Toronto Stock Exchange Venture (TSXV) is correct. The analysis was done using panel data, mainly Prais-Winsten regressions, in which the stock movement of a group rather than an individual is better understood. The main results showed the dependency between the stock price and the S&P/TSXV composite index of the month, NI 43-101 technical reports from the last month, having prospects of the brine type, the last month return and four temporal effects. Other variables were the presence of projects in Canada or Bolivia, being focused on lithium, or possessing a mineral type prospect. Variables that are important to determine the stock price (such as resources and reserves, the existence of a joint-venture with a consumer, production, demand and lithium price) were found not to be relevant in the analysis either for projects in early stages or for companies that were close to production. This was possibly due to the availability of information, promoting speculation in actual and future data; day by day information is not always accessible, which generates an information asymmetry with the big companies.

Relato de la literatura oral kawésqar, la menos documentada de los grupos fueguinos. En esta cuarta parte se presenta el texto en kawésqar glosado y su traducción literal con el orden de las palabras en la lengua fuente con notas explicativas.

Este artículo examina los diferentes tipos de escenario que se encuentran en los relatos de viaje kawésqar, subgénero de la literatura oral de este grupo étnico recientemente documentado. Los ejemplos, tomados del corpus obtenido en 2006-2007, ilustran estos escenarios.

Relato de la literatura oral kawésqar, la menos documentada de los grupos fueguinos. En esta cuarta parte se presenta el texto en kawésqar glosado y su traducción literal con el orden de las palabras en la lengua fuente con notas explicativas.

Este artículo examina los diferentes tipos de escenario que se encuentran en los relatos de viaje kawésqar, subgénero de la literatura oral de este grupo étnico recientemente documentado. Los ejemplos, tomados del corpus obtenido en 2006-2007, ilustran estos escenarios.

A story from the scarcely documented Kawesqar oral literature. A new version of the Kawesqar story and its Spanish free translation is presented in this second part, Relato de la literatura oral kawésqar, la menos documentada de los grupos fueguinos. En esta segunda parte se presenta otra versión en kawésqar y su traducción libre con notas explicativas

A story from the scarcely documented Kawesqar oral literature. A new version of the Kawesqar story and its Spanish free translation is presented in this second part, Relato de la literatura oral kawésqar, la menos documentada de los grupos fueguinos. En esta segunda parte se presenta otra versión en kawésqar y su traducción libre con notas explicativas

A story from the scarcely documented Kawesqar oral literature. The Kawesqar text and its Spanish free translation is presented in this first part, Relato de la literatura oral kawésqar, la menos documentada de los grupos fueguinos. En esta primera parte se presenta el texto en kawésqar y su traducción libre con notas explicativas

A story from the scarcely documented Kawesqar oral literature. The Kawesqar text and its Spanish free translation is presented in this first part, Relato de la literatura oral kawésqar, la menos documentada de los grupos fueguinos. En esta primera parte se presenta el texto en kawésqar y su traducción libre con notas explicativas

This paper analyzes Kawesqar non-mythical narrative discourse from the point of view of discourse grammar, taking into account the sentence types that occur in both non-hybrid (anecdotic and historical discourses, as well as travelogues), and hybrid discourses, being the latter combinations of declarative-narrative, autobiographic-anecdotic, anecdotic-travelogue, historicalprocess, and historical-travelogue discourses., Este trabajo examina el discurso narrativo no mítico kawésqar desde el punto de vista de la gramática del discurso, tomando en cuenta los tipos oracionales que aparecen tanto en discursos no híbridos (anecdóticos, históricos y relatos de viaje), como híbridos, siendo éstos combinaciones de discursos expositivo-narrativos, autobiográfico-anecdóticos, anecdóticos-viajes, históricos-procesos e históricos-viajes

This paper is the second part of a descriptive analysis of Kawesqar nonmythical narrative discourse from the point of view of discourse grammar; this part examines the different paragraph types that occur in both nonhybrid (anecdotic and historical discourses, as well as travelogues), and hybrid discourses, being the latter combinations of declarative-narrative, autobiographic-anecdotic, anecdotic-travelogue, historical-process, and historical-travelogue discourses., Esta publicación es la segunda parte2 del examen descriptivo del discurso narrativo no mítico kawésqar desde el punto de vista de la gramática del discurso; se analizan aquí los diferentes tipos de párrafos que aparecen tanto en discursos no híbridos (anecdóticos, históricos y relatos de viaje) como híbridos, siendo estos combinaciones de discursos expositivo-narrativos, autobiográfico-anecdóticos, anecdóticos-viajes, históricos-procesos e históricos-viajes

This paper analyzes Kawesqar non-mythical narrative discourse from the point of view of discourse grammar, taking into account the sentence types that occur in both non-hybrid (anecdotic and historical discourses, as well as travelogues), and hybrid discourses, being the latter combinations of declarative-narrative, autobiographic-anecdotic, anecdotic-travelogue, historicalprocess, and historical-travelogue discourses., Este trabajo examina el discurso narrativo no mítico kawésqar desde el punto de vista de la gramática del discurso, tomando en cuenta los tipos oracionales que aparecen tanto en discursos no híbridos (anecdóticos, históricos y relatos de viaje), como híbridos, siendo éstos combinaciones de discursos expositivo-narrativos, autobiográfico-anecdóticos, anecdóticos-viajes, históricos-procesos e históricos-viajes

This paper is the second part of a descriptive analysis of Kawesqar nonmythical narrative discourse from the point of view of discourse grammar; this part examines the different paragraph types that occur in both nonhybrid (anecdotic and historical discourses, as well as travelogues), and hybrid discourses, being the latter combinations of declarative-narrative, autobiographic-anecdotic, anecdotic-travelogue, historical-process, and historical-travelogue discourses., Esta publicación es la segunda parte2 del examen descriptivo del discurso narrativo no mítico kawésqar desde el punto de vista de la gramática del discurso; se analizan aquí los diferentes tipos de párrafos que aparecen tanto en discursos no híbridos (anecdóticos, históricos y relatos de viaje) como híbridos, siendo estos combinaciones de discursos expositivo-narrativos, autobiográfico-anecdóticos, anecdóticos-viajes, históricos-procesos e históricos-viajes

Una revisión de las aplicaciones de la intolerancia a la ambigüedad en psicología demuestra que tiene un recorrido histórico de más de medio siglo y que se ha aplicado a dominios muy diversos: socio-actitudinales e ideológicos, estudios de laboratorio unidos a persevaración y rigidez, psicología cognitiva (unido a incertidumbre), psicología clínica (ansiedad, compulsiones y trastornos de personalidad) y psicología de la sabiduría (tolerancia de incertidumbre). Se propone el cuestionario lA de Pelechano que recoge en un principio marcadores de estos dominios y que ha aislado un factor de segundo orden de inmediatez en toma de decisiones, tendencia a la simplificación, impaciencia y malestar ante incertidumbre, sobre una muestra de 471 adultos (la mayoría universitarios). Se presentan datos sobre validez interna, estructural, convergente (con extraversión, neuroticismo de Eysenck, los cinco grandes de Costa y McCrae, hostilidad, contracontrol y un factor de prudencia) y diferencial (grupos criteriales). Asimismo ha participado un grupo de 18 internos en cárcel en cumplimiento de condena por homicidio. Asimismo se ofrecen puntuaciones percentiladas de toda la muestra. Los resultados apuntan a que se trata de una variable compleja que posee un status de variable contextual en el funcionamiento personal.

This paper analyzes Kawésqar narrative discourse from the point of view of its sentence types as well as constituent paragraphs, focusing only myths narratives., Este trabajo examina el discurso narrativo kawésqar desde el punto de vista de sus tipos oracionales y párrafos que lo componen, centrándose en el discurso narrativo mítico.

This paper analyzes Kawésqar narrative discourse from the point of view of its sentence types as well as constituent paragraphs, focusing only myths narratives., Este trabajo examina el discurso narrativo kawésqar desde el punto de vista de sus tipos oracionales y párrafos que lo componen, centrándose en el discurso narrativo mítico.

Order of morphological components in Kawesqar is not random nor speakerdependent, but follows strict position patterns of suffixes which build up verbal morphology. This work shows descriptively how the series of suffixes are ordered according to categories such us mood, aspect, and tense., El orden de los componentes morfológicos del verbo kawésqar no es azaroso ni depende de las posibilidades del hablante. Los sufijos implicados en la morfología verbal siguen estrictos patrones de posición. Este trabajo da cuenta descriptivamente de cómo están ordenados los sufijos de acuerdo a categorías tales como modo, aspecto y tiempo.

Order of morphological components in Kawesqar is not random nor speakerdependent, but follows strict position patterns of suffixes which build up verbal morphology. This work shows descriptively how the series of suffixes are ordered according to categories such us mood, aspect, and tense., El orden de los componentes morfológicos del verbo kawésqar no es azaroso ni depende de las posibilidades del hablante. Los sufijos implicados en la morfología verbal siguen estrictos patrones de posición. Este trabajo da cuenta descriptivamente de cómo están ordenados los sufijos de acuerdo a categorías tales como modo, aspecto y tiempo.