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Hemoglobin M is a rare hereditary disorder that causes methemoglobinemia and therefore cyanosis. The clinical manifestations of this condition differs considerably, so it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in a newborn with cyanosis, with no other apparent cause. The case of a 5 hours old newborn is presented below, with generalized cyanosis from birth with oxygen saturations between 60-70%, in whom, upon ruling out pathologies such as perinatal hypoxia, pulmonary disease, heart disease and sepsis, a high level of methemoglobin is documented, reported in 21,6%; the diagnosis of methemoglobinemia was established. The treatment administered was two doses of methylene blue with no response. For this reason, hemoglobin electrophoresis was performed, which was compatible with Hemoglobin M (Iwate or Kankakee), confirming its congenital cause., La hemoglobina M es un desorden hereditario infrecuente, causante de metahemoglobinemia y, por ende, cianosis. Las manifestaciones clínicas de esta enfermedad son amplias y variadas, por lo que se debe considerar como diagnóstico diferencial en un recién nacido con cianosis sin otra causa aparente. A continuación, se presenta el caso de un recién nacido de 5 horas de vida con cianosis generalizada desde el nacimiento y con saturaciones de oxígeno de entre 60-70%, en el que se descartaron patologías como hipoxia perinatal, patología pulmonar o cardíaca y sepsis y se documentó un nivel de metahemoglobina elevado, reportado en 21,6%, con lo cual se estableció el diagnóstico de metahemoglobinemia. El tratamiento administrado fueron dos dosis de azul de metileno, pero no hubo respuesta clínica. Por este motivo, se realizó electroforesis de hemoglobina, la cual fue compatible con hemoglobina M (Iwate o Kankakee), lo que se confirma su causa congénita de metahemoglobinemia.

Work-related stress and burnout are psychosocial illnesses that have a negative impact on health. One of the variables that may be related to work-related stress is gender. Precisely, this paper presents an analysis to determine the extent to which female university professors show higher levels of stress in the workplace. Through a non-experimental quantitative methodology, an ad hoc constructed questionnaire was implemented. The instrument contains thirty items structured in five subdimensions (role stress, stress in university teachers, emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and lack of personal fulfilment). Descriptive, inferential, reliability and validity statistical analyses of the scale were carried out and the Rasch Measurement Theory (RFT) was used for profile analysis. The results reveal the presence of moderate levels of stress in 564 professors, mainly related to specific work-related tasks. In addition, it was confirmed that women in their first years of professional development, with a high teaching load and without positions of responsibility in university management tend to experience the most stress. These results justify the need to address psychosocial factors and stress management affecting teachers from a social, psychological and educational perspective in order to cope correctly with their duties., El estrés laboral y el burnout son enfermedades psicosociales que influyen negativamente en la salud. Una de las variables que puede estar relacionada con el estrés laboral es el género. Precisamente, este trabajo presenta un análisis para determinar en qué medida las profesoras universitarias manifiestan mayor nivel de estrés en el ámbito laboral. A través de una metodología cuantitativa no experimental se implementó un cuestionario construido ad hoc. El instrumento contiene treinta ítems estructurados en cinco subdimensiones (estrés de rol, estrés en profesores universitarios, agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y falta de realización personal). Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, inferenciales, de fiabilidad y validez de la escala y se utilizó la Teoría de la Medición de Rasch (TMR) para el análisis de perfiles. Los resultados revelan la presencia de niveles moderados de estrés en 564 docentes universitarios, principalmente, relacionado con tareas específicas del ámbito laboral. Además, se confirmó que las mujeres en sus primeros años de desarrollo profesional, con una elevada carga docente y sin cargos de responsabilidad en la gestión universitaria son quienes tienden a experimentar mayor grado de estrés. Estos resultados justifican la necesidad de atender a factores psicosociales y la gestión del estrés que afectan al profesorado desde una vertiente social, psicológica y educativa para el afrontamiento correcto de sus funciones.

Um problema de preocupação mundial são as altas taxas de abandono dos estudos universitários. Buscando respostas para esse fenômeno, este estudo apresenta um modelo preditivo sobre o nível de adaptabilidade de estudantes do Ensino Médio com intenção de cursar estudos universitários. O objetivo é mostrar as relações existentes entre as três variáveis ​​exógenas (competências para o estudo, informações sobre a universidade e expectativas de autoeficácia) e a variável endógena (adaptabilidade) consideradas no modelo. Participou deste trabalho uma amostra de 290 alunos do Ensino Médio que manifestaram a intenção de cursas estudos universitários. Os resultados indicam uma relação substancial e consistente entre as variáveis ​​do modelo, ajudando a predizer os níveis de adaptabilidade acadêmica dos estudantes do Ensino Médio com intenção de cursar estudos universitários. O resultado é interessante para desenhar propostas norteadoras para as etapas anteriores à universidade., Un problema que preocupa a nivel mundial son las elevadas cifras de abandono de los estudios universitarios. Desde la necesidad de aportar respuestas a este fenómeno, en este estudio se presenta un modelo predictivo sobre el nivel de adaptabilidad del alumnado de bachillerato con intención de cursar estudios universitarios. El objetivo es mostrar las relaciones existentes entre las tres variables exógenas (competencias para el estudio, información sobre la universidad y expectativas de autoeficacia) y la variable endógena (adaptabilidad) contempladas en el modelo. En el trabajo participó una muestra de 290 estudiantes de bachillerato que habían manifestado su intención de cursar estudios universitarios. Los resultados indican una relación sustancial y consistente entre las variables del modelo, ayudando a predecir los niveles de adaptabilidad académica de los estudiantes de bachillerato con intención de cursar estudios universitarios. Esto resulta de interés para diseñar propuestas orientadoras para las etapas previas a la universidad., High rates of dropout from university are a worldwide concern. In an attempt to address this phenomenon, this study presents a predictive model for the level of adaptability of high school students intending to pursue a university education. The objective is to show the relationships existing between the three exogenous variables (study skills, information about the university, and self-efficacy expectations) and the endogenous variable (adaptability) included in the model. The study involved a sample of 290 high school students who had expressed their intention to pursue a university education. The results show a substantial and consistent relationship between the variables of the model, helping to predict the levels of academic adaptability of high school students planning to attend university. This is of interest in designing guidance for pre-university stages of education.

This paper examines the digital competence of teachers in training, as well as possible differences in terms of university degrees. A non-experimental study was proposed and a questionnaire based on the TPACK model was applied to a sample of 514 participants. The outcomes reveal moderate levels of competencies related to Pedagogical Knowledge and Pedagogical Technological Knowledge and indicate that students in the Primary Education teaching degree course have a higher level of mastery in digital competence compared to students in the Early Childhood Education degree course. The conclusions show that teachers in training are not highly competent in terms of the integration and pedagogical production of digital content., Este trabajo analiza la competencia digital de los docentes en formación, así como posibles diferencias en cuanto a la titulación universitaria cursada. Se plantea un estudio no experimental y se aplica un cuestionario fundamentado en el modelo TPACK sobre una muestra de 514 participantes. Los resultados visibilizan niveles moderados en competencias relacionadas con el Conocimiento Pedagógico y el Conocimiento Tecnológico Pedagógico y señalan a los estudiantes del Grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria con un mayor nivel de dominio en la competencia digital frente al alumnado que cursa el Grado de Maestro en Educación Infantil. Las conclusiones revelan que los docentes en formación no se muestran altamente competentes para la integración y producción pedagógica de contenidos digitales.

BackgroundMaternal psychological stress has been linked to preterm birth. However, the differential contribution of psychological stress versus stress hormones is not clear. Studies focus primarily on perceived stress and cortisol, with few assessing its inter-convertible hormone cortisone. Furthermore, little is known about the potential moderating roles of obstetric risk and fetal sex in the relationship between maternal stress and gestational length. This gap in knowledge is particularly evident for rural women who typically experience chronic multiple stressors during pregnancy. We explored the relationship of hormonal and psychological stress to gestational length and the effects of obstetric risks and fetal sex on this relationship among Kenyan pregnant women.MethodsThe sample included 130 women recruited between 22 to 28 weeks gestation. They completed a clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire together with the Perceived Stress Scale and provided a hair sample for cortisol and cortisone assay. Women underwent an ultrasound to assess weeks of gestation. At delivery, their pregnancy-related health problems were identified using information extracted from medical records to compile each woman's number of pregnancy risks on the Obstetric Medical Risk Index (OMRI).ResultsPerceived stress and hair cortisol were not significant predictors of gestational length. However, a greater number of obstetric risks on the OMRI was associated with shorter gestational length. This effect was further explained by the interaction between obstetric risk and hair cortisone (B = 0.709, p = 0.02). Hair cortisone levels of mothers who had a shorter gestation were significantly higher in mothers with 2 or more risks on the OMRI but not among mothers with only one or no risks (t = 2.39, p = 0.02). Fetal sex had no relationship to gestational length and also had no moderating effect on the relationship between any stress-related metric and gestational length.ConclusionCortisone level

In this thesis, we develop a business case analysis of the use of YouTube with the Navy’s Ready Relevant Learning. We assess current literature regarding the effectiveness of YouTube videos for enhancing adult learning and job performance. We then identify the requirements for the Navy to implement YouTube learning and discuss the advantages and limitations associated with using YouTube for learning. Additionally, we conduct a qualitative analysis of data obtained from interviews with students and instructors at a Navy vocational training site on the use of digital learning strategies. We place the main findings from the interviews in the context of the current literature to validate that YouTube can be an effective tool to enhance learning. We conclude that YouTube is a viable tool for vocational training and we recommend that the Navy conduct a pilot program to identify implementation needs to scale effectively the use of YouTube as a training tool.

BackgroundMaternal psychological stress has been linked to preterm birth. However, the differential contribution of psychological stress versus stress hormones is not clear. Studies focus primarily on perceived stress and cortisol, with few assessing its inter-convertible hormone cortisone. Furthermore, little is known about the potential moderating roles of obstetric risk and fetal sex in the relationship between maternal stress and gestational length. This gap in knowledge is particularly evident for rural women who typically experience chronic multiple stressors during pregnancy. We explored the relationship of hormonal and psychological stress to gestational length and the effects of obstetric risks and fetal sex on this relationship among Kenyan pregnant women.MethodsThe sample included 130 women recruited between 22 to 28 weeks gestation. They completed a clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire together with the Perceived Stress Scale and provided a hair sample for cortisol and cortisone assay. Women underwent an ultrasound to assess weeks of gestation. At delivery, their pregnancy-related health problems were identified using information extracted from medical records to compile each woman's number of pregnancy risks on the Obstetric Medical Risk Index (OMRI).ResultsPerceived stress and hair cortisol were not significant predictors of gestational length. However, a greater number of obstetric risks on the OMRI was associated with shorter gestational length. This effect was further explained by the interaction between obstetric risk and hair cortisone (B = 0.709, p = 0.02). Hair cortisone levels of mothers who had a shorter gestation were significantly higher in mothers with 2 or more risks on the OMRI but not among mothers with only one or no risks (t = 2.39, p = 0.02). Fetal sex had no relationship to gestational length and also had no moderating effect on the relationship between any stress-related metric and gestational length.ConclusionCortisone level

In this thesis, we develop a business case analysis of the use of YouTube with the Navy’s Ready Relevant Learning. We assess current literature regarding the effectiveness of YouTube videos for enhancing adult learning and job performance. We then identify the requirements for the Navy to implement YouTube learning and discuss the advantages and limitations associated with using YouTube for learning. Additionally, we conduct a qualitative analysis of data obtained from interviews with students and instructors at a Navy vocational training site on the use of digital learning strategies. We place the main findings from the interviews in the context of the current literature to validate that YouTube can be an effective tool to enhance learning. We conclude that YouTube is a viable tool for vocational training and we recommend that the Navy conduct a pilot program to identify implementation needs to scale effectively the use of YouTube as a training tool., NPS Naval Research Program, This project was funded in part by the NPS Naval Research Program., Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy, Lieutenant, United States Navy, Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

La situación de pandemia mundial provocada por la COVID-19 ha tenido consecuencias en las diferentes esferas de la sociedad. La educación superior ha tenido que adaptar las metodologías de enseñanza hacia unos entornos de aprendizaje virtuales o semipresenciales, mientras que los estudiantes también han visto condicionado su proceso de aprendizaje por la necesidad de disponer de recursos digitales con los que sustituir a las herramientas y procesos tradicionalmente utilizados. Este estudio pretende analizar la incidencia que tiene la competencia digital del alumnado universitario sobre su rendimiento académico en tiempos de COVID-19. A través de una metodología cuantitativa descriptiva-inferencial, se aplicó una escala validada a una muestra de 603 estudiantes de grado y posgrado durante el curso 2020/2021. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan, por una parte, altos valores en las dimensiones relativas al manejo de la información y la comunicación digital, así como en los aspectos de organización para los que utilizan las herramientas digitales y, por otra parte, valores bajos en lo que se refiere a habilidades relativas al manejo técnico de la tecnología. Las conclusiones confirman la hipótesis que sostiene que el alumnado con mayores niveles de competencia digital es aquel que obtiene un mejor rendimiento académico en la enseñanza universitaria. Los hallazgos alcanzados coinciden con trabajos previos realizados., The global pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has had consequences in different spheres of society. Higher education has had to adapt teaching methodologies towards virtual or blended learning environments, while students have also seen their learning process conditioned by the need to have digital resources with which to replace traditional tools and processes used. This study aims to analyze the impact that the digital competence of university students has on their academic performance in times of COVID-19. Through a descriptive-inferential quantitative methodology, a validated scale was applied to a sample of 603 undergraduate and graduate students during the 2020/2021 academic year. The results obtained reflect, on the one hand, high values in the dimensions related to information management and digital communication, as well as in the organizational aspects for those who use digital tools and, on the other hand, low values in what refers to skills related to the technical management of technology. The conclusions confirm the hypothesis that the student body with the highest levels of digital competence is the one who obtains the best academic performance in university education. The findings reached coincide with previous works carried out.

In this thesis, we develop a business case analysis of the use of YouTube with the Navy’s Ready Relevant Learning. We assess current literature regarding the effectiveness of YouTube videos for enhancing adult learning and job performance. We then identify the requirements for the Navy to implement YouTube learning and discuss the advantages and limitations associated with using YouTube for learning. Additionally, we conduct a qualitative analysis of data obtained from interviews with students and instructors at a Navy vocational training site on the use of digital learning strategies. We place the main findings from the interviews in the context of the current literature to validate that YouTube can be an effective tool to enhance learning. We conclude that YouTube is a viable tool for vocational training and we recommend that the Navy conduct a pilot program to identify implementation needs to scale effectively the use of YouTube as a training tool.

La situación de pandemia mundial provocada por la COVID-19 ha tenido consecuencias en las diferentes esferas de la sociedad. La educación superior ha tenido que adaptar las metodologías de enseñanza hacia unos entornos de aprendizaje virtuales o semipresenciales, mientras que los estudiantes también han visto condicionado su proceso de aprendizaje por la necesidad de disponer de recursos digitales con los que sustituir a las herramientas y procesos tradicionalmente utilizados. Este estudio pretende analizar la incidencia que tiene la competencia digital del alumnado universitario sobre su rendimiento académico en tiempos de COVID-19. A través de una metodología cuantitativa descriptiva-inferencial, se aplicó una escala validada a una muestra de 603 estudiantes de grado y posgrado durante el curso 2020/2021. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan, por una parte, altos valores en las dimensiones relativas al manejo de la información y la comunicación digital, así como en los aspectos de organización para los que utilizan las herramientas digitales y, por otra parte, valores bajos en lo que se refiere a habilidades relativas al manejo técnico de la tecnología. Las conclusiones confirman la hipótesis que sostiene que el alumnado con mayores niveles de competencia digital es aquel que obtiene un mejor rendimiento académico en la enseñanza universitaria. Los hallazgos alcanzados coinciden con trabajos previos realizados., The global pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has had consequences in different spheres of society. Higher education has had to adapt teaching methodologies towards virtual or blended learning environments, while students have also seen their learning process conditioned by the need to have digital resources with which to replace traditional tools and processes used. This study aims to analyze the impact that the digital competence of university students has on their academic performance in times of COVID-19. Through a descriptive-inferential quantitative methodology, a validated scale was applied to a sample of 603 undergraduate and graduate students during the 2020/2021 academic year. The results obtained reflect, on the one hand, high values in the dimensions related to information management and digital communication, as well as in the organizational aspects for those who use digital tools and, on the other hand, low values in what refers to skills related to the technical management of technology. The conclusions confirm the hypothesis that the student body with the highest levels of digital competence is the one who obtains the best academic performance in university education. The findings reached coincide with previous works carried out.

Los sistemas de distribución de agua comprenden, esencialmente, tuberías, bombas y válvulas. Estos deben diseñarse y optimizar adecuadamente para que puedan funcionar adecuadamente, entregando los volúmenes de agua requeridos a los consumidores. Estos sistemas no solo deben ser capaces de distribuir el agua de manera eficiente, sino que también deben ser confiables, lo suficientemente robustos para soportar el tiempo, los elementos y otras fuerzas. Y para que eso ocurra, se debe planificar cuidadosamente el diseño, la operación y el mantenimiento adecuado. En este sentido, la presente investigación tiene como propósito diseñar y construir un prototipo de banco de pruebas de agua potable para que los estudiantes de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Católica de Colombia, pueda comprender de manera práctica todo lo que conlleva diseñar e instalar una acometida de suministro de agua potable, así como la comprobación del correcto funcionamiento de la misma, teniendo en cuenta los requerimientos normativos aplicados en Colombia para tipo de equipamientos de saneamiento. El trabajo se desarrolla en tres fases principales, la primera relacionada con la revisión de las diferentes normas y reglamentos para identificar los requerimientos técnicos y constructivos para el diseño y montaje de una acometida de agua potable, en la segunda fase, se realiza el respectivo diseño del banco de pruebas según las especificaciones encontradas, y en la tercera fase, se procede al montaje, realización de pruebas de funcionamiento y presentación del banco de pruebas de agua potable en el laboratorio de hidráulica e la universidad. Finalmente, se realizan las conclusiones y recomendaciones finales de la investigación. (Tomado de la fuente).

Este trabajo presenta la etnografía socioespacial como método para el estudio de las relaciones territoriales históricas de los pueblos originarios en el continente, desarrollado entre 2018 y 2021 en el marco de la investigación cualitativa del periodo 1860-2020 sobre las Territorialidades del pueblo originario maleku en Costa Rica, como parte de la maestría en Geografía Humana de El Colegio de Michoacán. Los maleku habitan un territorio que fue demarcado por el Estado en 1976, mismo que cuenta con apenas 2934Ha en la cuenca media del río Frío que define el núcleo de su territorio ancestral, en cuyas tierras, lagunas y ríos se encuentran sus lugares sagrados, despojados casi totalmente desde el inicio de la colonización en 1860. La etnografía socioespacial sobre las territorialidades maleku sigue métodos críticos de las Ciencias Sociales, a partir del diálogo de saberes con la comunidad. Se implementaron técnicas de investigación cualitativa como la observación participante, los diálogos etnográficos y la revisión documental-histórica, coordinadas con personas colaboradoras maleku, así como entrevistas semiestructuradas con colaboradores no indígenas poseedoras de conocimientos clave. Se procesaron los datos cuantitativos de naturaleza demográfica, registral y agraria, a la vez que la información geográfica sobre las territorialidades maleku. Se obtuvieron diversos productos cartográficos como resultado del análisis de datos territoriales inéditos, que permitieron arribar a conclusiones sobre la incidencia socioespacial de las violaciones a los derechos territoriales del pueblo maleku por parte del Estado costarricense.

La situación de pandemia mundial provocada por la COVID-19 ha tenido consecuencias en las diferentes esferas de la sociedad. La educación superior ha tenido que adaptar las metodologías de enseñanza hacia unos entornos de aprendizaje virtuales o semipresenciales, mientras que los estudiantes también han visto condicionado su proceso de aprendizaje por la necesidad de disponer de recursos digitales con los que sustituir a las herramientas y procesos tradicionalmente utilizados. Este estudio pretende analizar la incidencia que tiene la competencia digital del alumnado universitario sobre su rendimiento académico en tiempos de COVID-19. A través de una metodología cuantitativa descriptiva-inferencial, se aplicó una escala validada a una muestra de 603 estudiantes de grado y posgrado durante el curso 2020/2021. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan, por una parte, altos valores en las dimensiones relativas al manejo de la información y la comunicación digital, así como en los aspectos de organización para los que utilizan las herramientas digitales y, por otra parte, valores bajos en lo que se refiere a habilidades relativas al manejo técnico de la tecnología. Las conclusiones confirman la hipótesis que sostiene que el alumnado con mayores niveles de competencia digital es aquel que obtiene un mejor rendimiento académico en la enseñanza universitaria. Los hallazgos alcanzados coinciden con trabajos previos realizados., The global pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has had consequences in different spheres of society. Higher education has had to adapt teaching methodologies towards virtual or blended learning environments, while students have also seen their learning process conditioned by the need to have digital resources with which to replace traditional tools and processes used. This study aims to analyze the impact that the digital competence of university students has on their academic performance in times of COVID-19. Through a descriptive-inferential quantitative methodology, a validated scale was applied to a sample of 603 undergraduate and graduate students during the 2020/2021 academic year. The results obtained reflect, on the one hand, high values in the dimensions related to information management and digital communication, as well as in the organizational aspects for those who use digital tools and, on the other hand, low values in what refers to skills related to the technical management of technology. The conclusions confirm the hypothesis that the student body with the highest levels of digital competence is the one who obtains the best academic performance in university education. The findings reached coincide with previous works carried out.

Este trabajo presenta la etnografía socioespacial como método para el estudio de las relaciones territoriales históricas de los pueblos originarios en el continente, desarrollado entre 2018 y 2021 en el marco de la investigación cualitativa del periodo 1860-2020 sobre las Territorialidades del pueblo originario maleku en Costa Rica, como parte de la maestría en Geografía Humana de El Colegio de Michoacán. Los maleku habitan un territorio que fue demarcado por el Estado en 1976, mismo que cuenta con apenas 2934Ha en la cuenca media del río Frío que define el núcleo de su territorio ancestral, en cuyas tierras, lagunas y ríos se encuentran sus lugares sagrados, despojados casi totalmente desde el inicio de la colonización en 1860. La etnografía socioespacial sobre las territorialidades maleku sigue métodos críticos de las Ciencias Sociales, a partir del diálogo de saberes con la comunidad. Se implementaron técnicas de investigación cualitativa como la observación participante, los diálogos etnográficos y la revisión documental-histórica, coordinadas con personas colaboradoras maleku, así como entrevistas semiestructuradas con colaboradores no indígenas poseedoras de conocimientos clave. Se procesaron los datos cuantitativos de naturaleza demográfica, registral y agraria, a la vez que la información geográfica sobre las territorialidades maleku. Se obtuvieron diversos productos cartográficos como resultado del análisis de datos territoriales inéditos, que permitieron arribar a conclusiones sobre la incidencia socioespacial de las violaciones a los derechos territoriales del pueblo maleku por parte del Estado costarricense.

Los sistemas de distribución de agua comprenden, esencialmente, tuberías, bombas y válvulas. Estos deben diseñarse y optimizar adecuadamente para que puedan funcionar adecuadamente, entregando los volúmenes de agua requeridos a los consumidores. Estos sistemas no solo deben ser capaces de distribuir el agua de manera eficiente, sino que también deben ser confiables, lo suficientemente robustos para soportar el tiempo, los elementos y otras fuerzas. Y para que eso ocurra, se debe planificar cuidadosamente el diseño, la operación y el mantenimiento adecuado. En este sentido, la presente investigación tiene como propósito diseñar y construir un prototipo de banco de pruebas de agua potable para que los estudiantes de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Católica de Colombia, pueda comprender de manera práctica todo lo que conlleva diseñar e instalar una acometida de suministro de agua potable, así como la comprobación del correcto funcionamiento de la misma, teniendo en cuenta los requerimientos normativos aplicados en Colombia para tipo de equipamientos de saneamiento. El trabajo se desarrolla en tres fases principales, la primera relacionada con la revisión de las diferentes normas y reglamentos para identificar los requerimientos técnicos y constructivos para el diseño y montaje de una acometida de agua potable, en la segunda fase, se realiza el respectivo diseño del banco de pruebas según las especificaciones encontradas, y en la tercera fase, se procede al montaje, realización de pruebas de funcionamiento y presentación del banco de pruebas de agua potable en el laboratorio de hidráulica e la universidad. Finalmente, se realizan las conclusiones y recomendaciones finales de la investigación. (Tomado de la fuente).

Los sistemas de distribución de agua comprenden, esencialmente, tuberías, bombas y válvulas. Estos deben diseñarse y optimizar adecuadamente para que puedan funcionar adecuadamente, entregando los volúmenes de agua requeridos a los consumidores. Estos sistemas no solo deben ser capaces de distribuir el agua de manera eficiente, sino que también deben ser confiables, lo suficientemente robustos para soportar el tiempo, los elementos y otras fuerzas. Y para que eso ocurra, se debe planificar cuidadosamente el diseño, la operación y el mantenimiento adecuado. En este sentido, la presente investigación tiene como propósito diseñar y construir un prototipo de banco de pruebas de agua potable para que los estudiantes de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Católica de Colombia, pueda comprender de manera práctica todo lo que conlleva diseñar e instalar una acometida de suministro de agua potable, así como la comprobación del correcto funcionamiento de la misma, teniendo en cuenta los requerimientos normativos aplicados en Colombia para tipo de equipamientos de saneamiento. El trabajo se desarrolla en tres fases principales, la primera relacionada con la revisión de las diferentes normas y reglamentos para identificar los requerimientos técnicos y constructivos para el diseño y montaje de una acometida de agua potable, en la segunda fase, se realiza el respectivo diseño del banco de pruebas según las especificaciones encontradas, y en la tercera fase, se procede al montaje, realización de pruebas de funcionamiento y presentación del banco de pruebas de agua potable en el laboratorio de hidráulica e la universidad. Finalmente, se realizan las conclusiones y recomendaciones finales de la investigación. (Tomado de la fuente).

BackgroundTreatment monitoring of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in resource-limited settings is challenging. We developed a multi-analyte assay for eleven anti-TB drugs in small hair samples as an objective metric of drug exposure.MethodsSmall hair samples were collected from participants at various timepoints during directly observed RR-TB treatment at an inpatient tertiary referral facility in South Africa (DR-TB cohort). We assessed qualitative determination (i.e., detection above limit of detection) of bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine, pretomanid, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid, ethambutol, ethionamide, and prothionamide in an LC-MS/MS index panel assay against a reference standard of inpatient treatment records. Because treatment regimens prior to hospitalization were not available, we also analyzed specificity (for all drugs except isoniazid) using an external cohort of HIV-positive patients treated for latent TB infection with daily isoniazid (HIV/LTBI cohort) in Uganda.ResultsAmong the 57 DR-TB patients (58% with pre-XDR/XDR-TB; 70% HIV-positive) contributing analyzable hair samples, the sensitivity of the investigational assay was 94% or higher for all drugs except ethionamide (58.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 40.7-99.9). Assay specificity was low across all tested analytes within the DR-TB cohort; conversely, assay specificity was 100% for all drugs in the HIV/LTBI cohort.ConclusionsHair drug concentrations reflect long-term exposure, and multiple successive regimens commonly employed in DR-TB treatment may result in apparent false-positive qualitative and falsely elevated quantitative hair drug levels when prior treatment histories within the hair growth window are not known.

One of the sectors where the COVID-19 pandemic has had the greatest impact has been education. In a hasty way and with little time to react, an interruption of academic normality had to be carried out and a virtual teaching modality had to be transitioned. Not only the teachers, who have had to adapt and modify the teaching-learning processes, but also the students have been affected by this drastic change of direction that has occurred in higher education. In a key phase of the course, with social and family conditions not always favorable, with lack of resources and with the distance imposed by alarm measures, students have been subjected to pressure that has put the continuity of studies. METHOD: The study carried out with a sample of 475 students from different undergraduate degrees from the University of La Laguna (Spain), aimed to validate a predictive model on the intention to abandon, using a structural equation model. Specifically, the predictive value that the virtual teaching model, academic exhaustion and expectations of self-efficacy had in the intention of dropping out of university students was analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed that the resulting model was valid to predict the variable of intention to abandon the studies. DISCUSSION: The data obtained can help prevent situations of risk of abandonment in the future, through the implementation of guidance, information, academic support and student monitoring programs., Uno de los sectores donde mayor impacto ha tenido la pandemia de COVID-19 ha sido el educativo. De una manera precipitada y sin apenas tiempo para reaccionar, se ha tenido que llevar a cabo una interrupción de la normalidad académica y transitar a una modalidad de enseñanza virtual. No solo el profesorado, que ha tenido que adaptarse y modificar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, sino también el alumnado se ha visto afectado por este cambio de rumbo drástico que se ha producido en la educación superior. En una fase clave del curso, con unas condiciones sociales y familiares no siempre favorables, con falta de recursos y con la distancia impuesta por las medidas de alarma, los estudiantes se han visto sometidos a una presión que ha puesto en riesgo la continuidad en los estudios. METODO: El estudio realizado con una muestra de 475 estudiantes de diferentes titulaciones de grado de la Universidad de La Laguna (España), tuvo como objetivo validar un modelo predictivo sobre la intención de abandono, mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Concretamente, se analizó el valor predictivo que el modelo de enseñanza virtual, el agotamiento académico y las expectativas de autoeficacia tenían en la intención de abandono del alumnado universitario. RESULTADOS: Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que el modelo resultante era válido para predecir la variable de intención de abandono de los estudios. DISCUSIÓN: Los datos obtenidos pueden ayudar a prevenir en el futuro situaciones de riesgo de abandono, mediante la puesta en práctica de programas de orientación, información, apoyo académico y seguimiento al alumnado.

BackgroundTreatment monitoring of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in resource-limited settings is challenging. We developed a multi-analyte assay for eleven anti-TB drugs in small hair samples as an objective metric of drug exposure.MethodsSmall hair samples were collected from participants at various timepoints during directly observed RR-TB treatment at an inpatient tertiary referral facility in South Africa (DR-TB cohort). We assessed qualitative determination (i.e., detection above limit of detection) of bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine, pretomanid, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid, ethambutol, ethionamide, and prothionamide in an LC-MS/MS index panel assay against a reference standard of inpatient treatment records. Because treatment regimens prior to hospitalization were not available, we also analyzed specificity (for all drugs except isoniazid) using an external cohort of HIV-positive patients treated for latent TB infection with daily isoniazid (HIV/LTBI cohort) in Uganda.ResultsAmong the 57 DR-TB patients (58% with pre-XDR/XDR-TB; 70% HIV-positive) contributing analyzable hair samples, the sensitivity of the investigational assay was 94% or higher for all drugs except ethionamide (58.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 40.7-99.9). Assay specificity was low across all tested analytes within the DR-TB cohort; conversely, assay specificity was 100% for all drugs in the HIV/LTBI cohort.ConclusionsHair drug concentrations reflect long-term exposure, and multiple successive regimens commonly employed in DR-TB treatment may result in apparent false-positive qualitative and falsely elevated quantitative hair drug levels when prior treatment histories within the hair growth window are not known.

AimsCONCERT-HF is an NHLBI-sponsored, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase II trial designed to determine whether treatment with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and c-kit positive cardiac cells (CPCs), given alone or in combination, is feasible, safe, and beneficial in patients with heart failure (HF) caused by ischaemic cardiomyopathy.Methods and resultsPatients were randomized (1:1:1:1) to transendocardial injection of MSCs combined with CPCs, MSCs alone, CPCs alone, or placebo, and followed for 12 months. Seven centres enrolled 125 participants with left ventricular ejection fraction of 28.6 ± 6.1% and scar size 19.4 ± 5.8%, in New York Heart Association class II or III. The proportion of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was significantly decreased by CPCs alone (-22% vs. placebo, P = 0.043). Quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score) was significantly improved by MSCs alone (P = 0.050) and MSCs + CPCs (P = 0.023) vs. placebo. Left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular volumes, scar size, 6-min walking distance, and peak oxygen consumption did not differ significantly among groups.ConclusionsThis is the first multicentre trial assessing CPCs and a combination of two cell types from different tissues in HF patients. The results show that treatment is safe and feasible. Even with maximal guideline-directed therapy, both CPCs and MSCs were associated with improved clinical outcomes (MACE and quality of life, respectively) in ischaemic HF without affecting left ventricular function or structure, suggesting possible systemic or paracrine cellular mechanisms. Combining MSCs with CPCs was associated with improvement in both these outcomes. These results suggest potential important beneficial effects of CPCs and MSCs and support further investigation in HF patients.

The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the educational system, due to the interruption of academic normality and the transition to virtual learning. The changes derived from this situation represent a risk for students' educational trajectories and their enrollment in school. In relation to this problem, the objective of this study is to analyze the effect of academic burnout on the intent to leave school, among a sample of 475 university students of differing classifications. The results show a positive correlation between burnout and the intent to leave school. The data should serve to implement preventive programs to reduce the effects of stress, facilitate adapting to the new reality, and prevent the problem of dropping out., La crisis provocada por la pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado profundamente al sistema educativo, debido a la interrupción de la normalidad académica y el tránsito a una enseñanza virtual. Los cambios derivados de esta situación ponen en riesgo las trayectorias formativas del alumnado y la permanencia en los estudios. En relación con esta problemática, el objetivo del estudio es analizar el efecto que el burnout académico tiene en las intenciones de abandono de los estudios en una muestra de 475 estudiantes de diferentes grados universitarios. Los resultados muestran una correlación positiva entre el burnout y la intención de abandono académico. Los datos aportados deben servir para poner en marcha programas preventivos que reduzcan el efecto del estrés, faciliten la adaptación a la nueva realidad y eviten el problema de la deserción.

One of the sectors where the COVID-19 pandemic has had the greatest impact has been education. In a hasty way and with little time to react, an interruption of academic normality had to be carried out and a virtual teaching modality had to be transitioned. Not only the teachers, who have had to adapt and modify the teaching-learning processes, but also the students have been affected by this drastic change of direction that has occurred in higher education. In a key phase of the course, with social and family conditions not always favorable, with lack of resources and with the distance imposed by alarm measures, students have been subjected to pressure that has put the continuity of studies. METHOD: The study carried out with a sample of 475 students from different undergraduate degrees from the University of La Laguna (Spain), aimed to validate a predictive model on the intention to abandon, using a structural equation model. Specifically, the predictive value that the virtual teaching model, academic exhaustion and expectations of self-efficacy had in the intention of dropping out of university students was analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed that the resulting model was valid to predict the variable of intention to abandon the studies. DISCUSSION: The data obtained can help prevent situations of risk of abandonment in the future, through the implementation of guidance, information, academic support and student monitoring programs., Uno de los sectores donde mayor impacto ha tenido la pandemia de COVID-19 ha sido el educativo. De una manera precipitada y sin apenas tiempo para reaccionar, se ha tenido que llevar a cabo una interrupción de la normalidad académica y transitar a una modalidad de enseñanza virtual. No solo el profesorado, que ha tenido que adaptarse y modificar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, sino también el alumnado se ha visto afectado por este cambio de rumbo drástico que se ha producido en la educación superior. En una fase clave del curso, con unas condiciones sociales y familiares no siempre favorables, con falta de recursos y con la distancia impuesta por las medidas de alarma, los estudiantes se han visto sometidos a una presión que ha puesto en riesgo la continuidad en los estudios. METODO: El estudio realizado con una muestra de 475 estudiantes de diferentes titulaciones de grado de la Universidad de La Laguna (España), tuvo como objetivo validar un modelo predictivo sobre la intención de abandono, mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Concretamente, se analizó el valor predictivo que el modelo de enseñanza virtual, el agotamiento académico y las expectativas de autoeficacia tenían en la intención de abandono del alumnado universitario. RESULTADOS: Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que el modelo resultante era válido para predecir la variable de intención de abandono de los estudios. DISCUSIÓN: Los datos obtenidos pueden ayudar a prevenir en el futuro situaciones de riesgo de abandono, mediante la puesta en práctica de programas de orientación, información, apoyo académico y seguimiento al alumnado.

Background The relationship between blood pressure and mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is controversial, with concern for increased risk associated with excessively lowered blood pressure. Methods We evaluated whether prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) altered the relationship between baseline blood pressure and all-cause mortality in 5852 patients with T2DM and a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who participated in the ELIXA (Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial. Risk of death was assessed in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, race, heart rate, BMI, smoking, diabetes duration, insulin use, HbA1c, eGFR, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), urine albumin/creatinine ratio, treatment allocation and prior coronary revascularization. Results Although overall there was no significant association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mortality (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.05 (95% CI 0.99–1.12) P = 0.10), lower SBP was significantly associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.13 (95% CI 1.04–1.22) P = 0.002) in 2325 patients with additional CVD (index ACS+ at least one of the following prior to randomization: myocardial infarction other than the index ACS, stroke or heart failure). In 3527 patients with only the index ACS no significant association was observed (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 0.95 (0.86–1.04) P = 0.26; P for interaction 0.005). Conclusions The association between blood pressure and mortality was modified by additional CVD history in patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent coronary event. When blood pressures measured after an acute coronary event are used to assess the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, the cardiovascular history needs to be taken into consideration., Funding Agencies|Sanofi; Fulbright Commission; Swedish Heart Association; Swedish Society of Medicine; Region Ostergotland, Sweden

Background The relationship between blood pressure and mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is controversial, with concern for increased risk associated with excessively lowered blood pressure. Methods We evaluated whether prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) altered the relationship between baseline blood pressure and all-cause mortality in 5852 patients with T2DM and a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who participated in the ELIXA (Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial. Risk of death was assessed in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, race, heart rate, BMI, smoking, diabetes duration, insulin use, HbA1c, eGFR, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), urine albumin/creatinine ratio, treatment allocation and prior coronary revascularization. Results Although overall there was no significant association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mortality (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.05 (95% CI 0.99–1.12) P = 0.10), lower SBP was significantly associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.13 (95% CI 1.04–1.22) P = 0.002) in 2325 patients with additional CVD (index ACS+ at least one of the following prior to randomization: myocardial infarction other than the index ACS, stroke or heart failure). In 3527 patients with only the index ACS no significant association was observed (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 0.95 (0.86–1.04) P = 0.26; P for interaction 0.005). Conclusions The association between blood pressure and mortality was modified by additional CVD history in patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent coronary event. When blood pressures measured after an acute coronary event are used to assess the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, the cardiovascular history needs to be taken into consideration., Funding Agencies|Sanofi; Fulbright Commission; Swedish Heart Association; Swedish Society of Medicine; Region Ostergotland, Sweden

Reseña de Enrique Montero Cartelle, Speculum medicinae. Estudios de medicina latina antigua y medieval, Valladolid, Ediciones Universidad de Valladolid, 2018, 337 páginas, ISBN 978-84-8448-986-3

Background The relationship between blood pressure and mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is controversial, with concern for increased risk associated with excessively lowered blood pressure. Methods We evaluated whether prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) altered the relationship between baseline blood pressure and all-cause mortality in 5852 patients with T2DM and a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who participated in the ELIXA (Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial. Risk of death was assessed in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, race, heart rate, BMI, smoking, diabetes duration, insulin use, HbA1c, eGFR, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), urine albumin/creatinine ratio, treatment allocation and prior coronary revascularization. Results Although overall there was no significant association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mortality (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.05 (95% CI 0.99–1.12) P = 0.10), lower SBP was significantly associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.13 (95% CI 1.04–1.22) P = 0.002) in 2325 patients with additional CVD (index ACS+ at least one of the following prior to randomization: myocardial infarction other than the index ACS, stroke or heart failure). In 3527 patients with only the index ACS no significant association was observed (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 0.95 (0.86–1.04) P = 0.26; P for interaction 0.005). Conclusions The association between blood pressure and mortality was modified by additional CVD history in patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent coronary event. When blood pressures measured after an acute coronary event are used to assess the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, the cardiovascular history needs to be taken into consideration., Funding Agencies|Sanofi; Fulbright Commission; Swedish Heart Association; Swedish Society of Medicine; Region Ostergotland, Sweden

Background The relationship between blood pressure and mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is controversial, with concern for increased risk associated with excessively lowered blood pressure. Methods We evaluated whether prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) altered the relationship between baseline blood pressure and all-cause mortality in 5852 patients with T2DM and a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who participated in the ELIXA (Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial. Risk of death was assessed in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, race, heart rate, BMI, smoking, diabetes duration, insulin use, HbA1c, eGFR, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), urine albumin/creatinine ratio, treatment allocation and prior coronary revascularization. Results Although overall there was no significant association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mortality (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.05 (95% CI 0.99–1.12) P = 0.10), lower SBP was significantly associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.13 (95% CI 1.04–1.22) P = 0.002) in 2325 patients with additional CVD (index ACS+ at least one of the following prior to randomization: myocardial infarction other than the index ACS, stroke or heart failure). In 3527 patients with only the index ACS no significant association was observed (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 0.95 (0.86–1.04) P = 0.26; P for interaction 0.005). Conclusions The association between blood pressure and mortality was modified by additional CVD history in patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent coronary event. When blood pressures measured after an acute coronary event are used to assess the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, the cardiovascular history needs to be taken into consideration., Funding Agencies|Sanofi; Fulbright Commission; Swedish Heart Association; Swedish Society of Medicine; Region Ostergotland, Sweden

Reseña de Enrique Montero Cartelle, Speculum medicinae. Estudios de medicina latina antigua y medieval, Valladolid, Ediciones Universidad de Valladolid, 2018, 337 páginas, ISBN 978-84-8448-986-3

BackgroundAnthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) may be irreversible with a poor prognosis, disproportionately affecting women and young adults. Administration of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (allo-MSCs) is a promising approach to heart failure (HF) treatment.ObjectivesSENECA (Stem Cell Injection in Cancer Survivors) was a phase 1 study of allo-MSCs in AIC.MethodsCancer survivors with chronic AIC (mean age 56.6 years; 68% women; NT-proBNP 1,426 pg/ml; 6 enrolled in an open-label, lead-in phase and 31 subjects randomized 1:1) received 1 × 108 allo-MSCs or vehicle transendocardially. Primary objectives were safety and feasibility. Secondary efficacy measures included cardiac function and structure measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), functional capacity, quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire), and biomarkers.ResultsA total of 97% of subjects underwent successful study product injections; all allo-MSC-assigned subjects received the target dose of cells. Follow-up visits were well-attended (92%) with successful collection of endpoints in 94% at the 1-year visit. Although 58% of subjects had non-CMR compatible devices, CMR endpoints were successfully collected in 84% of subjects imaged at 1 year. No new tumors were reported. There were no significant differences between allo-MSC and vehicle groups with regard to clinical outcomes. Secondary measures included 6-min walk test (p = 0.056) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score (p = 0.048), which tended to favor the allo-MSC group.ConclusionsIn this first-in-human study of cell therapy in patients with AIC, transendocardial administration of allo-MSCs appears safe and feasible, and CMR was successfully performed in the majority of the HF patients with devices. This study lays the groundwork for phase 2 trials aimed at assessing efficacy of cell therapy in patients with AIC.

L'analyse des facteurs impliqués dans les processus d'adaptation ou d'abandon dans l'enseignement montre que la performance académique aux étapes précédentes, le développement des attentes de résultats favorables, les informations académiques disponibles et la maîtrise des compétences de base dans le cas des lycéens sont des prédicteurs pertinents pour expliquer l'intégration sociale et académique dans les cursus des études supérieures. Cet article aborde la question des transitions académiques, soulignant l'importance de l'orientation pour aider les jeunes à se préparer à l'accès aux études universitaires. Les conséquences qui peuvent découler d'une mauvaise transition mettent en évidence l'importance de l'orientation dans les étapes préuniversitaires. MÉTHODE. Par rapport à cette approche, l'objectif de l'étude est d'analyser la perception qu'un échantillon d'élèves du secondaire selon de facteurs clés différents pour faire face à la transition vers ses études supérieures. Suite à une approche de recherche quantitative basée sur une étude empiricoanalytique développant une méthodologie ex post facto, nous avons traité un échantillonnage représentatif de 616 lycéens de la province de Santa Cruz de Tenerife. RÉSULTATS. Les résultats montrent que les lycéens ont une perception sur euxmêmes en tant que compétents pour s'attaquer aux tâches académiques. Ils montrent des attentes favorables à la réussite de leurs études et soulignent le soutien de leur famille et de leurs amis lors de la prise de décisions. DISCUSSION. Les données obtenues constituent un point de référence intéressant pour proposer des actions d'orientation préventive qui servent à aider les lycéens à se préparer au passage du lycée à l'université. Pour ce faire, il faut une meilleure collaboration entre les professionnels et la mise en place de réseaux d'accompagnement visant à suivre les étudiants tout au long de leur parcours académique., Factors such as preuniversity academic performance, the development of expectations for favorable results, academic information, and mastery of basic competencies help predict the social and academic integration of students in university education. This article addresses the issue of academic transitions, highlighting the importance of Guidance to help young people prepare the access to university studies. The consequences that can be derived from a bad transition come to highlight the importance of Orientation in the preuniversity stages. METHOD. In relation to this approach, the objective of the study is to analyze the perception of a sample of High School students in relation to different key factors to face the transition to Higher Education. Following a quantitative research approach —based on an empiricalanalytical study— that develops an expostfacto methodology, we worked with a representative sample of 616 High School students from the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. RESULTS. The results highlight that High School students perceive themselves competent to tackle academic tasks, show favorable expectations of successfully completing their studies, and highlight the support of their family and friends when making decisions. DISCUSSION. The data obtained constitute an interesting reference point to propose preventive guiding actions that serve to help students prepare for the transition from High School to university. This requires a better collaboration between professionals and the creation of support networks aimed at monitoring students throughout their academic career., Factores como el rendimiento académico preuniversitario, el desarrollo de expectativas de resultados favorables, la información académica y el dominio de competencias básicas ayudan a predecir la integración social y académica del alumnado en la enseñanza universitaria. En este artículo se aborda el tema de las transiciones académicas, resaltando la importancia que tiene la orientación para ayudar a los jóvenes a preparar el acceso a los estudios universitarios. Las consecuencias que pueden derivarse de una mala transición vienen a destacar la importancia de la orientación en las etapas previas a la universidad. MÉTODO. En relación con este planteamiento, el objetivo del estudio es analizar la percepción que tiene una muestra de estudiantes de bachillerato respecto a distintos factores claves para afrontar la transición a la educación superior. Siguiendo un enfoque de investigación de corte cuantitativo basado en un estudio empíricoanalítico que desarrolla una metodología ex post facto, se trabajó con una muestra representativa de 616 estudiantes de bachillerato de la provincia de Santa Cruz de Tenerife. RESULTADOS. Los resultados ponen de relieve que los estudiantes de bachillerato se perciben competentes para abordar las tareas académicas, muestran expectativas favorables de terminar con éxito sus estudios y destacan el apoyo de sus familiares y amigos a la hora de tomar decisiones. DISCUSIÓN. Los datos obtenidos constituyen un referente interesante para proponer actuaciones orientadoras de carácter preventivo, que sirvan para ayudar a los estudiantes a preparar la transición de la secundaria a la universidad. Para ello se requiere una mejor colaboración entre profesionales y la creación de redes de apoyo destinadas al seguimiento del alumnado a lo largo de su trayectoria académica.

Background The relationship between blood pressure and mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is controversial, with concern for increased risk associated with excessively lowered blood pressure. Methods We evaluated whether prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) altered the relationship between baseline blood pressure and all-cause mortality in 5852 patients with T2DM and a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who participated in the ELIXA (Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial. Risk of death was assessed in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, race, heart rate, BMI, smoking, diabetes duration, insulin use, HbA1c, eGFR, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), urine albumin/creatinine ratio, treatment allocation and prior coronary revascularization. Results Although overall there was no significant association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mortality (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.05 (95% CI 0.99–1.12) P = 0.10), lower SBP was significantly associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.13 (95% CI 1.04–1.22) P = 0.002) in 2325 patients with additional CVD (index ACS+ at least one of the following prior to randomization: myocardial infarction other than the index ACS, stroke or heart failure). In 3527 patients with only the index ACS no significant association was observed (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 0.95 (0.86–1.04) P = 0.26; P for interaction 0.005). Conclusions The association between blood pressure and mortality was modified by additional CVD history in patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent coronary event. When blood pressures measured after an acute coronary event are used to assess the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, the cardiovascular history needs to be taken into consideration., Funding Agencies|Sanofi; Fulbright Commission; Swedish Heart Association; Swedish Society of Medicine; Region Ostergotland, Sweden

Reseña de Enrique Montero Cartelle, Speculum medicinae. Estudios de medicina latina antigua y medieval, Valladolid, Ediciones Universidad de Valladolid, 2018, 337 páginas, ISBN 978-84-8448-986-3

Background The relationship between blood pressure and mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is controversial, with concern for increased risk associated with excessively lowered blood pressure. Methods We evaluated whether prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) altered the relationship between baseline blood pressure and all-cause mortality in 5852 patients with T2DM and a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who participated in the ELIXA (Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial. Risk of death was assessed in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, race, heart rate, BMI, smoking, diabetes duration, insulin use, HbA1c, eGFR, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), urine albumin/creatinine ratio, treatment allocation and prior coronary revascularization. Results Although overall there was no significant association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mortality (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.05 (95% CI 0.99–1.12) P = 0.10), lower SBP was significantly associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.13 (95% CI 1.04–1.22) P = 0.002) in 2325 patients with additional CVD (index ACS+ at least one of the following prior to randomization: myocardial infarction other than the index ACS, stroke or heart failure). In 3527 patients with only the index ACS no significant association was observed (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 0.95 (0.86–1.04) P = 0.26; P for interaction 0.005). Conclusions The association between blood pressure and mortality was modified by additional CVD history in patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent coronary event. When blood pressures measured after an acute coronary event are used to assess the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, the cardiovascular history needs to be taken into consideration., Funding Agencies|Sanofi; Fulbright Commission; Swedish Heart Association; Swedish Society of Medicine; Region Ostergotland, Sweden

BACKGROUND: The relationship between blood pressure and mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is controversial, with concern for increased risk associated with excessively lowered blood pressure.METHODS: We evaluated whether prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) altered the relationship between baseline blood pressure and all-cause mortality in 5852 patients with T2DM and a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who participated in the ELIXA (Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial. Risk of death was assessed in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, race, heart rate, BMI, smoking, diabetes duration, insulin use, HbA1c, eGFR, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), urine albumin/creatinine ratio, treatment allocation and prior coronary revascularization.RESULTS: Although overall there was no significant association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mortality (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.05 (95% CI 0.99-1.12) P = 0.10), lower SBP was significantly associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.13 (95% CI 1.04-1.22) P = 0.002) in 2325 patients with additional CVD (index ACS+ at least one of the following prior to randomization: myocardial infarction other than the index ACS, stroke or heart failure). In 3527 patients with only the index ACS no significant association was observed (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 0.95 (0.86-1.04) P = 0.26; P for interaction 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: The association between blood pressure and mortality was modified by additional CVD history in patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent coronary event. When blood pressures measured after an acute coronary event are used to assess the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, the cardiovascular history needs to be taken into consideration. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01147250, first posted June 22, 2010.

Aims: Chronic hyperglycaemia, assessed by elevated glycated haemoglobin (A1C), is a known risk factor for heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular (CV) death among subjects with diabetes. Whether this risk varies with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is unknown. This study evaluated whether A1C influences a composite outcome of either HF hospitalization or CV death differently along the spectrum of LVEF. Methods and results: We assessed the relationships of baseline A1C and LVEF with a composite outcome of either CV death or HF hospitalization in the 4091 patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome enrolled in the ELIXA trial who had available LVEF. We assessed for interaction between A1C and LVEF as continuous variables with respect to this outcome. During a median follow-up of 25.7 months, 343 patients (8.4%) had HF hospitalization or died of CV causes. In a multivariable model, A1C and LVEF were each associated with an increased risk of HF hospitalization or CV death [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.21 per 1% higher A1C, and adjusted HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.27–1.51 per 10% lower in LVEF]. Both A1C and LVEF were independently and incrementally associated with risk without evidence of interaction (P for interaction = 0.31). Patients with A1C ≥ 8% and LVEF <40% were at threefold higher risk than those with A1C < 7% and LVEF ≥50% (adjusted HR 3.18, 95% CI 2.03–4.98, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In a contemporary cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome, baseline chronic hyperglycaemia was associated with an increased risk of HF hospitalization or CV death independently of LVEF.

Aims: Chronic hyperglycaemia, assessed by elevated glycated haemoglobin (A1C), is a known risk factor for heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular (CV) death among subjects with diabetes. Whether this risk varies with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is unknown. This study evaluated whether A1C influences a composite outcome of either HF hospitalization or CV death differently along the spectrum of LVEF. Methods and results: We assessed the relationships of baseline A1C and LVEF with a composite outcome of either CV death or HF hospitalization in the 4091 patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome enrolled in the ELIXA trial who had available LVEF. We assessed for interaction between A1C and LVEF as continuous variables with respect to this outcome. During a median follow-up of 25.7 months, 343 patients (8.4%) had HF hospitalization or died of CV causes. In a multivariable model, A1C and LVEF were each associated with an increased risk of HF hospitalization or CV death [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.21 per 1% higher A1C, and adjusted HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.27–1.51 per 10% lower in LVEF]. Both A1C and LVEF were independently and incrementally associated with risk without evidence of interaction (P for interaction = 0.31). Patients with A1C ≥ 8% and LVEF <40% were at threefold higher risk than those with A1C < 7% and LVEF ≥50% (adjusted HR 3.18, 95% CI 2.03–4.98, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In a contemporary cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome, baseline chronic hyperglycaemia was associated with an increased risk of HF hospitalization or CV death independently of LVEF.

Background The relationship between blood pressure and mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is controversial, with concern for increased risk associated with excessively lowered blood pressure. Methods We evaluated whether prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) altered the relationship between baseline blood pressure and all-cause mortality in 5852 patients with T2DM and a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who participated in the ELIXA (Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial. Risk of death was assessed in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, race, heart rate, BMI, smoking, diabetes duration, insulin use, HbA1c, eGFR, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), urine albumin/creatinine ratio, treatment allocation and prior coronary revascularization. Results Although overall there was no significant association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mortality (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.05 (95% CI 0.99–1.12) P = 0.10), lower SBP was significantly associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.13 (95% CI 1.04–1.22) P = 0.002) in 2325 patients with additional CVD (index ACS+ at least one of the following prior to randomization: myocardial infarction other than the index ACS, stroke or heart failure). In 3527 patients with only the index ACS no significant association was observed (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 0.95 (0.86–1.04) P = 0.26; P for interaction 0.005). Conclusions The association between blood pressure and mortality was modified by additional CVD history in patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent coronary event. When blood pressures measured after an acute coronary event are used to assess the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, the cardiovascular history needs to be taken into consideration., Funding Agencies|Sanofi; Fulbright Commission; Swedish Heart Association; Swedish Society of Medicine; Region Ostergotland, Sweden

BACKGROUND: The relationship between blood pressure and mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is controversial, with concern for increased risk associated with excessively lowered blood pressure.METHODS: We evaluated whether prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) altered the relationship between baseline blood pressure and all-cause mortality in 5852 patients with T2DM and a recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who participated in the ELIXA (Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial. Risk of death was assessed in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, race, heart rate, BMI, smoking, diabetes duration, insulin use, HbA1c, eGFR, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), urine albumin/creatinine ratio, treatment allocation and prior coronary revascularization.RESULTS: Although overall there was no significant association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mortality (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.05 (95% CI 0.99-1.12) P = 0.10), lower SBP was significantly associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 1.13 (95% CI 1.04-1.22) P = 0.002) in 2325 patients with additional CVD (index ACS+ at least one of the following prior to randomization: myocardial infarction other than the index ACS, stroke or heart failure). In 3527 patients with only the index ACS no significant association was observed (hazard ratio per 10 mmHg lower SBP 0.95 (0.86-1.04) P = 0.26; P for interaction 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: The association between blood pressure and mortality was modified by additional CVD history in patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent coronary event. When blood pressures measured after an acute coronary event are used to assess the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, the cardiovascular history needs to be taken into consideration. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01147250, first posted June 22, 2010.

In the present article a bibliographic review of studies on inclusion and Physical Education is proposed, considering works after those carried out by Ríos (2005), Hernández (2010) and Fernández (2014), and contemplating factors or dimensions of analysis that provide information about of the most current research lines. Eight dimensions of analysis have been considered to assess the typology of studies and their academic orientation (theoretical-descriptive research or linked to educational practice). The results point to the predominance of theoretical studies on pilots, an aspect that had already been confirmed in the work carried out by Fernández (2014). We conclude by insisting on the need to encourage research in and from physical-motor practice as a reference model for teachers who seek to improve their educational practice in physical education from an inclusive perspective., En el presente artículo se plantea una revisión bibliográfica de estudios sobre inclusión y Educación Física, considerando trabajos posteriores a los realizadas por Ríos (2005), Hernández (2010) y Fernández (2014), y contemplando factores o dimensiones de análisis que aportan información acerca de líneas de investigación más actuales. Se han considerado ocho dimensiones de análisis para valorar la tipología de estudios y su orientación académica (investigaciones teórico-descriptivas o vinculadas a la práctica educativa). Los resultados apuntan al predominio de estudios teóricos sobre los prácticos, aspecto que ya se había confirmado en el trabajo realizado por Fernández (2014). Concluimos insistiendo en la necesidad de incentivar la investigación en y desde la práctica físico-motriz como modelo de referencia para los docentes que buscan mejorar su práctica educativa en educación física desde una perspectiva inclusiva.

Many university students have to combine their academic training with high competition sport. Although it may seem compatible processes, it is not so if the circumstances to which the students who live in this situation are analyzed. The dedication required by sports practice means that their university education is often compromised because they cannot be combined in both activities. In relation to this problem, a needs analysis was carried out with a sample of high level athletes who were studying at the University of La Laguna, in order to determine what difficulties were found to reconcile both activities. From the analysis carried out, the need for personalized support was derived to respond to the specific needs of these students. The lack of time to compare studies and sports was the main drawback that caused students to participate in the study. Other needs pointed out by student athletes had to do with the lack of information, the lack of support services, the need for help to learn how to organize time, etc. Based on the results of this analysis, an inclusive personalized tutoring program was designed, where the main objective was to help all university students with sports practice, Muchos estudiantes universitarios tienen que compaginar su formación académica con el deporte de alta competición. Aunque pueden parecer procesos compatibles, no lo es tanto si se analizan las circunstancias a las que se ven expuestos los estudiantes que viven esta situación. La dedicación que les exige la práctica deportiva hace que su formación universitaria se vea muchas veces comprometida al no poder compaginar ambas actividades. Con relación a esta problemática se llevó a cabo un análisis de necesidades con una muestra de deportistas de alto nivel que cursaban estudios en la Universidad de La Laguna, con el fin de determinar qué dificultades encontraban para conciliar ambas actividades. Del análisis realizado se derivó la necesidad de un apoyo personalizado para dar respuesta a las necesidades específicas de estos estudiantes. La falta de tiempo para compaginar los estudios y el deporte constituyó el principal inconveniente que resaltaron los estudiantes que participaron en el estudio. Otras necesidades apuntadas por los estudiantes deportistas tuvieron que ver con la falta de información, la falta de servicios de apoyo, la necesidad de ayuda para aprender a organizar el tiempo, etc. A partir de los resultados de este análisis, se diseñó un programa de tutoría personalizada inclusiva, cuyo objetivo principal era ayudar a cada uno de los estudiantes deportistas de alto nivel a armonizar los estudios universitarios con la práctica deportiva.

Throughout the life course, the elite athlete is concerned with establishing and building a vital and professional project that guides him in the before, during and after the sports retreat. This construction project is vital and professional, helps the athlete guide and plan their own biography. This article analyzes the planning process of the vital and professional project of the elite athletes, with special emphasis on the moment of the sports retreat and on the expectations of the future. Following a descriptive method and through the application of a questionnaire for a sample of Spanish athletes (n =582), information has been collected on four dimensions: work and training for the professional development of elite athletes (I ); Labor market information (II); Professional interests, the reasons for labor choice and the decision-making process (III); And competencies of adaptability (IV). The findings of the study showed that elite athletes were concerned with defining a vital and professional project that was in line with their contextual and personal reality, A lo largo de la trayectoria vital, el deportista de élite debería preocuparse por definir y construir un proyecto vital y profesional que lo guiara en el antes, el durante y el después de la retirada deportiva. Este proyecto de construcción vital y profesional ayuda al deportista a orientar y planificar su propio recorrido biográfico. Precisamente, este artículo analiza el proceso de planificación del proyecto vital y profesional de los deportistas de élite, poniendo especial énfasis en el momento de la retirada deportiva y en las expectativas de futuro. Siguiendo un método de carácter descriptivo y a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario a una muestra de deportistas españoles (n = 582), se recogió información sobre cuatro dimensiones: el trabajo y la formación para el desarrollo profesional de los deportistas de élite (I); información del mercado laboral (II); intereses profesionales, motivos de elección laboral y proceso de toma de decisiones (III); y competencias de adaptabilidad (IV). Los hallazgos del estudio pusieron de manifiesto que los deportistas de élite se preocupaban por definir un proyecto vital y profesional que estuviera en consonancia con su realidad contextual y personal

The objective of this article is to present an explanatory model on vocational development and the construction of professional and vital paths in high level athletes. Based on a theoretical review, different factors and competences are integrated into a systemic and holistic model, which takes into account the different roles that high level athletes assume throughout his or her life history. These roles are then used to guide and ease athletes’ processes of integral development in the areas of sport, personal life, and profession. To contrast the relevance of the theoretical model and the validity of the different constructs contemplated in the vocational development, a descriptive study was carried out applying a questionnaire to a sample of 189 high level athletes recognized by the Superior Council of Sports, an organ integrated into the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport of Spain. The results confirm that vocational definition and construction processes of high level athletes have a multifactorial nature. Specifically, personal and contextual variables have a strong impact on athletes’ vocational identity. Likewise, participation in sports and academic experiences contributes to the acquisition of specific competences, skills, and knowledge that are of special interest for social life and for professional development. However, high level athletes are facing serious difficulties in maintaining an effective relationship between studies and sport., El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un modelo explicativo acerca del desarrollo vocacional y la construcción del proyecto profesional y vital de los deportistas de alto nivel. A partir de una revisión teórica, se integran diferentes factores y competencias en un modelo sistémico y holístico, que tiene en cuenta los distintos roles que asume el deportista de alto nivel a lo largo de su trayectoria vital y con el que se pretende orientar y facilitar los procesos de desarrollo integral, tanto en el plano deportivo, como en el plano personal y profesional. Para contrastar la relevancia del modelo teórico y la validez de los diferentes constructos que se contemplan en relación al desarrollo vocacional, se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario con una muestra de 189 deportistas de alto nivel reconocidos por el Consejo Superior de Deportes, perteneciente al Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte del Gobierno de España. Los resultados confirmaron que los procesos de definición y construcción vocacional del deportista de alto nivel tienen una naturaleza multifactorial. En concreto, las variables personales y contextuales tienen una fuerte incidencia en la identidad vocacional del deportista. Asimismo, la participación en experiencias deportivas y académicas, contribuyen a la adquisición de determinadas competencias, habilidades y conocimientos que son de especial interés para la vida en sociedad y para el desarrollo profesional. No obstante, el deportista de alto nivel se encuentra ante serias dificultades para mantener una relación efectiva entre estudios y deporte.

[EN] In this article, the training and learning outcomes in generic competences in the degree titles of university education are studied in depth. Learning outcomes are concretions of what a student is expected to know, understand and / or be able to do at the end of a learning period. Although there has been progress in the curricular designs for competences, much remains to be done to improve the systems of evaluation by competences, specifying well-defined learning outcomes and contextualized in the different subjects of the curriculum. To address this problem, a sample of teaching guides of the degree of Pedagogy of the University of La Laguna was analyzed to assess the treatment given to generic competences and learning outcomes. The study showed that not all the generic competences that appear in the certificates of verification of the title are developed, training activities are not contemplated, nor are learning outcomes specified for this type of competences. Based on the information collected, a practical guide was designed in which innovative proposals aimed at teachers were defined, in order to improve the development and evaluation of generic competences., [ES] En este artículo se profundiza en la formación y resultados de aprendizaje en competencias genéricas en los títulos de grado de la enseñanza universitaria. Los resultados de aprendizaje son concreciones de lo que se espera que un estudiante sepa, comprenda y/o sea capaz de hacer al final de un periodo de aprendizaje. Aunque se ha avanzado en los diseños curriculares por competencias, queda mucho por hacer para mejorar los sistemas de evaluación por competencias, concretando resultados de aprendizaje bien definidos y contextualizados en las distintas asignaturas del plan de estudios. Para abordar esta problemática, se analizó una muestra de guías docentes del grado de Pedagogía de la Universidad de La Laguna, con la finalidad de valorar el tratamiento que se le daba a las competencias genéricas y a los resultados de aprendizaje. El estudio puso de manifiesto que no se desarrollan todas las competencias genéricas que figuran en las memorias de verificación del título, no se contemplan actividades formativas, ni se concretan resultados de aprendizaje para este tipo de competencias. A partir de la información recogida, se diseñó una guía práctica en la que se concretaron propuestas innovadoras dirigidas al profesorado, con el fin de mejorar el desarrollo y evaluación de las competencias genéricas.

[EN] In this article, the training and learning outcomes in generic competences in the degree titles of university education are studied in depth. Learning outcomes are concretions of what a student is expected to know, understand and / or be able to do at the end of a learning period. Although there has been progress in the curricular designs for competences, much remains to be done to improve the systems of evaluation by competences, specifying well-defined learning outcomes and contextualized in the different subjects of the curriculum. To address this problem, a sample of teaching guides of the degree of Pedagogy of the University of La Laguna was analyzed to assess the treatment given to generic competences and learning outcomes. The study showed that not all the generic competences that appear in the certificates of verification of the title are developed, training activities are not contemplated, nor are learning outcomes specified for this type of competences. Based on the information collected, a practical guide was designed in which innovative proposals aimed at teachers were defined, in order to improve the development and evaluation of generic competences., [ES] En este artículo se profundiza en la formación y resultados de aprendizaje en competencias genéricas en los títulos de grado de la enseñanza universitaria. Los resultados de aprendizaje son concreciones de lo que se espera que un estudiante sepa, comprenda y/o sea capaz de hacer al final de un periodo de aprendizaje. Aunque se ha avanzado en los diseños curriculares por competencias, queda mucho por hacer para mejorar los sistemas de evaluación por competencias, concretando resultados de aprendizaje bien definidos y contextualizados en las distintas asignaturas del plan de estudios. Para abordar esta problemática, se analizó una muestra de guías docentes del grado de Pedagogía de la Universidad de La Laguna, con la finalidad de valorar el tratamiento que se le daba a las competencias genéricas y a los resultados de aprendizaje. El estudio puso de manifiesto que no se desarrollan todas las competencias genéricas que figuran en las memorias de verificación del título, no se contemplan actividades formativas, ni se concretan resultados de aprendizaje para este tipo de competencias. A partir de la información recogida, se diseñó una guía práctica en la que se concretaron propuestas innovadoras dirigidas al profesorado, con el fin de mejorar el desarrollo y evaluación de las competencias genéricas.

[EN] In this article, the training and learning outcomes in generic competences in the degree titles of university education are studied in depth. Learning outcomes are concretions of what a student is expected to know, understand and / or be able to do at the end of a learning period. Although there has been progress in the curricular designs for competences, much remains to be done to improve the systems of evaluation by competences, specifying well-defined learning outcomes and contextualized in the different subjects of the curriculum. To address this problem, a sample of teaching guides of the degree of Pedagogy of the University of La Laguna was analyzed to assess the treatment given to generic competences and learning outcomes. The study showed that not all the generic competences that appear in the certificates of verification of the title are developed, training activities are not contemplated, nor are learning outcomes specified for this type of competences. Based on the information collected, a practical guide was designed in which innovative proposals aimed at teachers were defined, in order to improve the development and evaluation of generic competences., [ES] En este artículo se profundiza en la formación y resultados de aprendizaje en competencias genéricas en los títulos de grado de la enseñanza universitaria. Los resultados de aprendizaje son concreciones de lo que se espera que un estudiante sepa, comprenda y/o sea capaz de hacer al final de un periodo de aprendizaje. Aunque se ha avanzado en los diseños curriculares por competencias, queda mucho por hacer para mejorar los sistemas de evaluación por competencias, concretando resultados de aprendizaje bien definidos y contextualizados en las distintas asignaturas del plan de estudios. Para abordar esta problemática, se analizó una muestra de guías docentes del grado de Pedagogía de la Universidad de La Laguna, con la finalidad de valorar el tratamiento que se le daba a las competencias genéricas y a los resultados de aprendizaje. El estudio puso de manifiesto que no se desarrollan todas las competencias genéricas que figuran en las memorias de verificación del título, no se contemplan actividades formativas, ni se concretan resultados de aprendizaje para este tipo de competencias. A partir de la información recogida, se diseñó una guía práctica en la que se concretaron propuestas innovadoras dirigidas al profesorado, con el fin de mejorar el desarrollo y evaluación de las competencias genéricas.