Search

The CMS detector at the CERN LHC features a silicon pixel detector as its innermost subdetector. The original CMS pixel detector has been replaced with an upgraded pixel system (CMS Phase-1 pixel detector) in the extended year-end technical stop of the LHC in 2016/2017. The upgraded CMS pixel detector is designed to cope with the higher instantaneous luminosities that have been achieved by the LHC after the upgrades to the accelerator during the first long shutdown in 2013-2014. Compared to the original pixel detector, the upgraded detector has a better tracking performance and lower mass with four barrel layers and three endcap disks on each side to provide hit coverage up to an absolute value of pseudorapidity of 2.5. This paper describes the design and construction of the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector as well as its performance from commissioning to early operation in collision data-taking., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Optical elastography is undergoing extensive development as an imaging tool to map mechanical contrast in tissue. Here, we present a new platform for optical elastography by generating sub-millimetre-scale mechanical contrast from a simple digital camera. This cost-effective, compact and easy-to-implement approach opens the possibility to greatly expand applications of optical elastography both within and beyond the field of medical imaging. Camera-based optical palpation (CBOP) utilises a digital camera to acquire photographs that quantify the light intensity transmitted through a silicone layer comprising a dense distribution of micro-pores (diameter, 30-100 µm). As the transmission of light through the micro-pores increases with compression, we deduce strain in the layer directly from intensity in the digital photograph. By pre-characterising the relationship between stress and strain of the layer, the measured strain map can be converted to an optical palpogram, a map of stress that visualises mechanical contrast in the sample. We demonstrate a spatial resolution as high as 290 µm in CBOP, comparable to that achieved using an optical coherence tomography-based implementation of optical palpation. In this paper, we describe the fabrication of the micro-porous layer and present experimental results from structured phantoms containing stiff inclusions as small as 0.5 × 0.5 × 1 mm. In each case, we demonstrate high contrast between the inclusion and the base material and validate both the contrast and spatial resolution achieved using finite element modelling. By performing CBOP on freshly excised human breast tissue, we demonstrate the capability to delineate tumour from surrounding benign tissue.

Optical elastography is undergoing extensive development as an imaging tool to map mechanical contrast in tissue. Here, we present a new platform for optical elastography by generating sub-millimetre-scale mechanical contrast from a simple digital camera. This cost-effective, compact and easy-to-implement approach opens the possibility to greatly expand applications of optical elastography both within and beyond the field of medical imaging. Camera-based optical palpation (CBOP) utilises a digital camera to acquire photographs that quantify the light intensity transmitted through a silicone layer comprising a dense distribution of micro-pores (diameter, 30–100 µm). As the transmission of light through the micro-pores increases with compression, we deduce strain in the layer directly from intensity in the digital photograph. By pre-characterising the relationship between stress and strain of the layer, the measured strain map can be converted to an optical palpogram, a map of stress that visualises mechanical contrast in the sample. We demonstrate a spatial resolution as high as 290 µm in CBOP, comparable to that achieved using an optical coherence tomography-based implementation of optical palpation. In this paper, we describe the fabrication of the micro-porous layer and present experimental results from structured phantoms containing stiff inclusions as small as 0.5 × 0.5 × 1 mm. In each case, we demonstrate high contrast between the inclusion and the base material and validate both the contrast and spatial resolution achieved using finite element modelling. By performing CBOP on freshly excised human breast tissue, we demonstrate the capability to delineate tumour from surrounding benign tissue.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a tandem repeat mutation encoding an expanded polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein, which leads to cognitive, psychiatric and motor dysfunction. Exposure to environmental enrichment (EE), which enhances levels of cognitive stimulation and physical activity, has therapeutic effects on cognitive, affective and motor function of transgenic HD mice. The present study investigated gene expression changes and behavioral pharmacology in male and female R6/1 transgenic HD mice at an early time-point in HD progression associated with onset of cognitive and affective abnormalities, following EE and exercise (wheel running) interventions. We have demonstrated changes in expression levels of the serotonin (5-HT) receptor Htr1a, Htr1b, Htr2a and Htr2c genes (encoding the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, respectively) in HD brains at 8 weeks of age, using quantitative real-time PCR. In contrast, expression of the serotonin transporter (SerT, also known as 5-HTT or Slc6a4) was not altered in these brains. Furthermore, we identified region-specific, sex-specific and environmentally regulated (comparing EE, exercise and standard housing conditions) impacts on gene expression of particular 5-HT receptors, as well as SerT. For example, SerT gene expression was upregulated by exercise (wheel running from 6 to 8 weeks of age) in the hippocampus. Interestingly, when EE was introduced from 6 to 8 weeks of age, Htr2a gene expression was upregulated in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus of male mice. EE also rescued the functional activity of 5-HT2 receptors as observed in the head-twitch test, reflecting sexually dimorphic effects of environmental stimulation. These findings demonstrate that disruption of the serotonergic system occurs early in HD pathogenesis and, together with previous findings, show that the timing and duration of environmental interventions are critical in terms of their ability

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an uncommon neoplasia occurring in women with either cosmetic or reconstructive breast implants. The actual knowledge about BIA-ALCL deriving from the literature presents several limits, and it remains difficult to make inferences about BIA-ALCL epidemiology, cause, and pathogenesis. This is the reason why the authors decided to organize an evidence-based consensus conference during the Maurizio Bruno Nava (MBN 2016) Aesthetic Breast Meeting held in Milan in December of 2016. Twenty key opinion leaders in the field of plastic surgery from all over the world have been invited to express and discuss their opinion about some key questions on BIA-ALCL, trying to reach a consensus about BIA-ALCL cause, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment in light of the actual best evidence.

The response of n+p silicon strip sensors to electrons from a 90Sr source was measured using a multi-channel read-out system with 25 ns sampling time. The measurements were performed over a period of several weeks, during which the operating conditions were varied. The sensors were fabricated by Hamamatsu Photonics on 200 μm thick float-zone and magnetic-Czochralski silicon. Their pitch was 80 μm, and both p-stop and p-spray isolation of the n+ strips were studied. The electrons from the 90Sr source were collimated to a spot with a full-width-at-half-maximum of 2 mm at the sensor surface, and the dose rate in the SiO2 at the maximum was about 50 Gy(SiO2)/d. After only a few hours of making measurements, significant changes in charge collection and charge sharing were observed. Annealing studies, with temperatures up to 80 °C and annealing times of 18 h showed that the changes can only be partially annealed. The observations can be qualitatively explained by the increase of the positive oxide-charge density due to the ionization of the SiO2 by the radiation from the β source. TCAD simulations of the electric field in the sensor for different oxide-charge densities and different boundary conditions at the sensor surface support this explanation. The relevance of the measurements for the design of n+p strip sensors is discussed., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Climate change and biodiversity loss have a central position in policy debate about global environmental change; however, of the two, climate change has a higher profile. This paper explores the similarities and difference between the two issues. Climate change is better defined and better understood as a policy issue, it is underpinned by a strong scientific consensus and practical units of measurement (CO2 and financial impacts), and mitigation involves a key economic sector in energy. Biodiversity loss is less easily understood, more diffuse and less tangible, and policy responses do not engage major economic sectors. We argue that these differences contribute to the higher public and policy profile of climate change and can inform attempts to enhance responses to the problem of biodiversity loss., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Climate change and biodiversity loss have a central position in policy debate about global environmental change; however, of the two, climate change has a higher profile. This paper explores the similarities and difference between the two issues. Climate change is better defined and better understood as a policy issue, it is underpinned by a strong scientific consensus and practical units of measurement (CO2 and financial impacts), and mitigation involves a key economic sector in energy. Biodiversity loss is less easily understood, more diffuse and less tangible, and policy responses do not engage major economic sectors. We argue that these differences contribute to the higher public and policy profile of climate change and can inform attempts to enhance responses to the problem of biodiversity loss., iiTSE, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background to global conservation priority schemes Methods in relation to goals Thresholds for identifying priority regions Scoring systems for identifying priority regions General issues relating to existing approaches Return on investment

This chapter covers: Allocation of funds to achieve conservation goals Allocation of funds through time subject to a fixed budget There is more to conservation than biodiversity How much time and resources should be spent on learning? Trading off biodiversity benefit and investment security

Deepali Varma1, Wendy Adams1, Catey Bunce2, Peter Phelan1, Scott Fraser11Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Road, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, UK; 2Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, UKPurpose: To determine the effect of viscogonioplasty and cataract extraction on intraocular pressure in patients with narrow angle glaucoma.Methods: This was a double-masked randomized controlled trial involving 50 eyes (25 cases and 25 controls) from 38 consecutive patients. All patients underwent phacoemulsification with or without viscogonioplasty. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure post-treatment and number of glaucoma medications post-treatment.Results: Cases had a greater reduction in intraocular pressure than controls, with a mean intraocular pressure (standard deviation) at 12 months of 13.7 (±2.89) mmHg compared with 16.2 (±3.55) mmHg in controls (P = 0.009). Cases had a greater reduction in mean number of antiglaucoma medications than controls at 12-month review, with 13 of 25 eyes (52%) of cases controlled without any antiglaucoma therapy versus 9 of 25 (36%) of the controls (P = 0.005).Conclusions: Viscogonioplasty combined with cataract extraction has a significantly greater effect than cataract extraction alone on lowering intraocular pressure in patients with poorly controlled narrow angle glaucoma and should therefore be considered as a treatment option for patients with this condition.Keywords: narrow angle, cataract extraction, viscogonioplasty, glaucoma

Recent advances in the field of non-invasive optical imaging have included the development of contrast agents that report on the activity of enzymatic targets associated with disease pathology. In particular, proteases have proven to be ideal targets for development of optical sensors for cancer. Recently developed contrast agents for protease activity include both small peptides and large polymer-based quenched fluorescent substrates as well as fluorescently labeled activity based probes (ABPs). While substrates produce a fluorescent signal as a result of processing by a protease, ABPs are retained at the site of proteolysis due to formation of a permanent covalent bond with the active site catalytic residue. Both methods have potential advantages and disadvantages yet a careful comparison of substrates and ABPs has not been performed. Here we present the results of a direct comparison of commercially available protease substrates with several recently described fluorescent ABPs in a mouse model of cancer. The results demonstrate that fluorescent ABPs show more rapid and selective uptake into tumors as well as overall brighter signals compared to substrate probes. These data suggest that the lack of signal amplification for an ABP is offset by the increased kinetics of tissue uptake and prolonged retention of the probes once bound to a protease target. Furthermore, fluorescent ABPs can be used as imaging reagents with similar or better results as the commercially available protease substrates.

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

A methodology has been developed in which the surface area is shown to be an intrinsic property of a sparingly soluble metal substance and its loading linked to the toxicity reference value, in order to obtain an aquatic classification for massive metals. Industrial Cu wires were used to represent massive copper, as their geometry is very precise and reproducible., A methodology has been developed in which the surface area is shown to be an intrinsic property of a sparingly soluble metal substance and its loading linked to the toxicity reference value, in order to obtain an aquatic classification for massive metals. Industrial Cu wires were used to represent massive copper, as their geometry is very precise and reproducible.

A summary is given of the EU copper risk assessment report on the emissions from the production, use and disposal of copper products, copper(I) oxide, copper(II) oxide, copper oxychloride and copper(II)sulphate pentahydrate. Exposure levels for humans are considered in relation to toxicity and environmental concentrations predicted by life-cycle analysis are compared with those found in water, sediments and soils., A summary is given of the EU copper risk assessment report on the emissions from the production, use and disposal of copper products, copper(I) oxide, copper(II) oxide, copper oxychloride and copper(II)sulphate pentahydrate. Exposure levels for humans are considered in relation to toxicity and environmental concentrations predicted by life-cycle analysis are compared with those found in water, sediments and soils.

The authors are designing and implementing a multi-modal interface to a team of dynamically autonomous robots. For this interface, they have elected to use natural language and gesture. Gestures can be either natural gestures perceived by a vision system installed on the robot, or they can be made by using a stylus on a Personal Digital Assistant. In this paper,they describe the integrated modes of input and one of the theoretical constructs that they use to facilitate cooperation and collaboration among members of a team of robots. An integrated context and dialog processing component that incorporates knowledge of spatial relations enables cooperative activity between the multiple agents, both human and robotic., Prepared in collaboration with the University of Missouri-Columbia, Computer Engineering and Computer Science Department, Columbia, MO and ITT Industries, Alexandria, VA. Sponsored in part by the Office of Naval Research. The original document contains color images.

Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) has been synthesized in the presence of singlewall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA) using typical PBO polymerization conditions. PBO and PBO/SWNT lyotropic liquid crystalline solutions in PPA have been spun into fibers using dry-jet wet spinning. The tensile strength of the PBO/SWNT fiber containing 10 wt % SWNTs is about 50% higher than that of the control PBO fibers containing no SWNTs. The structure and morphology of these fibers have been studied., The original document contains color images. Pub. in Jnl. of Macromolecules, v35 p9039-9043, 2002.

Differently oriented leaves of Yucca schidigera and Yucca brevifolia were characterized in the Mojave Desert with respect to photosystem II and xanthophyll cycle activity during three different seasons, including the hot and dry summer, the relatively cold winter, and the mild spring season. Photosynthetic utilization of a high percentage of the light absorbed in PSII was observed in all leaves only during the spring, whereas very high levels of photoprotective, thermal energy dissipation were employed both in the summer and the winter season in all exposed leaves of both species. Both during the summer and the winter season, when energy dissipation levels were high diurnally, xanthophyll cycle pools (relative to either Chl or other carotenoids) were higher relative to the spring, and a nocturnal retention of high levels of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin (Z + A) occurred in all exposed leaves of both species. Although this nocturnal retention of Z + A was associated with nocturnal maintenance of a low PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm) on a cold winter night, pre-dawn Fv/Fm was high in (Z + A)-retaining leaves following a warm summer night. This indicates nocturnal engagement of Z + A in a state primed for energy dissipation throughout the cold winter night - while high levels of retained Z + A were not engaged for energy dissipation prior to sunrise on a warm summer morning. Possible mechanisms for a lack of sustained engagement of retained Z + A for energy dissipation at elevated temperatures are discussed.

In this paper we prove that the projective dimension of Mn = R^4/(An) is 2n -1, where R is the ring of polynomials in 4n variables with complex coefficients and (An) is the module generated by the columns of a 4x4n matrix which arises as the Fourier transform of the matrix of differential operators associated with the regularity condition for a function of n quaternionic variables. As a corollary we show that the sheaf R of regular functions has flabby dimension 2n -1, and we prove a cohomology vanishing theorem for open sets in the space Hn of quaternions. We also show that Ext3(Mn, R) = 0, for j = 1,...., 2n - 2, and Ext ^(2n -1) (Mn, R) =/= 0, and we use this result to show the removability of certain singularities of the Cauchy Fueter system.

Computational chemistry methods were used to explore the molecular conformations of a variety of optoelectronic biopolymers-spiropyran chromophore systems. An understanding of the molecular structure of such systems is required for the achievement of high x(2) or x(3) nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Studies of the structures of such biologically synthesizable materials that exhibit NLO response contribute insight and understanding needed for the invention of complex novel biomaterials having defined structures and controlled optical properties. The effects of spiropyran chromphore isomerization on poly-L-alanine having the peptide backbone in the alpha-helical or beta-sheet conformations were investigated. Two variations of the spiropyran chromophores on two copolymers, the hexapeptide poly(gly-ser-gly-ala-gly-ala) and the septipeptide poly(asp-arg-leu-ala-ser-tyr-leu) were also investigated. These polypeptides are compositionally representative of the naturally occurring amino acid sequences in silk and wool, having respectively, the beta-sheet and alphal-helical conformations. The structural possibilities for such materials could be very interesting. The helical or sheet segments could be collinear, and the peptide-chromophore molecules able to order easily, perhaps into a liquid crystalline phase. Furthermore, the presence of the chromophore could prelude crystallization and stabilize the liquid crystalline phase. Upon irradiation with light, formation of the merocyanine could cause the alpha-helix segments to become non-collinean, thus disrupting the packing of the liquid crystalline phase. Not only would the material become colored, its opacity would also change as a result of disruption of the molecular packing.

Photochromic materials are of interest to the Air Force for a variety of potential applications including high resolution photography, optical devices, holographic systems and variable transmission devices. The photochemical and structural characteristics of two organic photochromes, specifically indoline-spiro-benzopyran and benzothiazoline-spiro-benzopyran, have been studied by computational chemistry techniques. Both quantum mechanical and classical methods were used. Irradiation of spiropyran by UV light causes molecular rearrangement, thus yielding merocyanine whose absorption band lies in the visible region. This is the basis of the photochromic nature of the spiropyran. Several chromophore based devices would benefit from a material whose visible absorption spectrum was red shifted and whose structure and properties in various environments was fully understood. The absorption spectra of both indoline-spiro-benzopyran and benzothiazoline-spiro-benzopyran were calculated. Spectroscopic calculations reveal that the absorption spectrum is determined by two factors: the choice of substituent and the geometry of the chromophore. Both electron withdrawing and electron donating substituents were strategically placed on the chromophore. Maximum red shifts may be achieved in the merocyanine by attaching (at the proper position) strongly electron donating substituents which force rotations about double bonds while limiting the rotation about single bonds. Two force fields have been developed to allow classical calculations on large photochromic systems (solvated chromophores or polymer substituted chromophores). The agreement of these classical force fields with quantum mechanical methods for the unsubstituted indoline-benzopyran merocyanine has been shown. These force fields were used in molecular dynamics simulations to explore the effect of the solvent polarity on

This technical report documents the WL/MLPJ Mini-Symposium on Computational Materials Science Research held during 15-16 July 1992 at the Materials Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB. The purpose of the meeting was to inform collaborators of scope of work and ensure complementary nature, reduce direct overlap of work while looking for uncovered subjects, produce cross fertilization of ideas, brainstorm coverage of relevant AF interests, critique our work, and provide students a chance to present current work to a friendly audience. The topics discussed included properties determination, for example, as summarized by Dr. W. Wade Adams/MLPJ on the prediction of mechanical properties, structure-to-property relationships, for example for star and oligomeric siloxanes as reported by Dr.Barry Farmer/University of Virginia, biopolymers structure determination and prediction, with aspects of biomolecular structure determination discussed by Dr. Ruth Pachter/MLPJ, macromolecular simulation, for example, for high-temperature properties of PBZT fibers, as presented by Dr. Ken McTurk/Akron University, and algorithms and other modeling applications, with parallel computation discussed by Prof. Gary Lamont/AFIT. Numerous posters were presented, and scientific interactions led to collaborations and fostering of new ideas. (AN)

New algorithms for the solution of quadratic assignment problems and of bilinear programming problems have been devised. Empirical evaluation of these algorithms against other published results have been conducted.

A series of 22 alanylglycine-rich artificial proteins has been prepared by bacterial expression of the corresponding synthetic genes. These polymers have been isolated and purified, and subjected to structural analysis by gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, x-ray scattering, and vibrational and NMR spectroscopy. Strategies have been developed for the in vivo synthesis of artificial proteins containing non-natural amino acids.

This report describes the automated Picker and Huber X-ray diffractometer systems in use at the Materials Laboratory Polymer Branch. The diffractometer hardware is described from the user's point of view and a complete description is given of the use of the operations software for both the Picker and Huber systems. The control computer is a VAX 11/730. A device for applying tension to the fiber sample allows studies of the effect of tension fiber morphology as seen by diffraction methods. Analysis programs developed to process the diffraction data from the Picker Huber systems are explained and examples are given of program use, and in some cases, the results obtained are presented. An Appendix is included which contains a discussion of some of the hardware adjustments that may be required. The organization of the FORTRAN programs used by the VAX computer to control the diffractometer is explained. Utility programs for making various operational tests are also covered.

The design and use of an automated device to measure the axial tensile modulus of high modulus fibers by following the change in the meridional X-ray spacings as a function of applied tension is reported. The device, which mounts on a Picker 4-circle automated diffractometer, applies tension to the fiber sample by a cantilever arrangement. Tension, which is measured by a strain gauge bridge on the cantilever arm, is adjusted and read by the control computer, a VAX 11/730. The device can also be used to study sample orientation as a function of tension. Techniques applicable to modulus measurements on a variety of man-made and natural fibers are discussed. The examples include rigid-rod polymer materials, poly(paraphenylene benzobisthiazole (PBZT), and poly(paraphenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO), carbon fibers with various degrees of order, KEVLARTM 149, and degummed silk.

The room temperature crystal structure of 1.2.4.-triphenylbenzene (TPB), C24H18, 2, 4-diphenyl-p-quinquephenyl (DPQ), C42H30, and 2.6 -diphenyl-p- septiphenyl (DPS), C54H38, have been investigated as part of a research programme in right-rod polymers, materials which are of great interest for aerospace and electro-optical applications. the molecules are non-planar, in contrast to the planar structures found at room temperature for the unsubstituted polyphenyls. The oligomer axis does not align with any of the crystallographic axes. The pendant-oligomer bond, however, does align with the longest crystallographic axis. The pendant torsion angle is greater than 45 and increases with increasing chain length. Knowledge of molecular structure and crystal packing of oligomeric model compounds will be useful in further calculations of mechanical, optical, and electro-optical properties for the corresponding rigid-rod polymer structures., Availability: Pub. in Polymer, v31 p1623-1631 Sep 1990.

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1478492%5DMICH-V-1478492, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1478492/MICH-V-1478492/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1478492%5DMICH-V-1478492, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1478492/MICH-V-1478492/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Major Adams writes to express his condolences on the loss of Theodore Roosevelt's son, Quentin Roosevelt. He also shares that his own son, Briggs K. Adams, a service pilot, was also shot down and killed in combat in March 1918.

[2], 376, [1] p. front., illus., plates. 18 cm., Making of America (MOA), (dlps) ABQ3689.0001.001, (lccallno) DG676 .A22, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Editors: Aug. 1859-July 1865, J. D. White, J. H. McQuillen, G. J. Ziegler.--Aug. 1865-Dec. 1871, J. H. McQuillen, G. J. Ziegler.--Jan. 1872-May 1891, J. W. White.--July 1891-Apr. 1930, E. C. Kirk (with L. P. Anthony, Dec. 1917-Apr. 1930).--May 1930-Dec. 1936, L. P. Anthony., Vols. 1-13 are called "new series.", Merged in Jan. 1937 with: Journal of the American Dental Association, ISSN 1048-6364, to form: Journal of the American Dental Association and dental cosmos, ISSN 0375-8451., The Dental cosmos; a monthly record of dental science. [Vol. 71] : Vol 71 : Issue 8, Page(s) 768-773, (dlps) volume: 0527912.0071.001, (dlps) article: 0527912.0071.001:619, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Editors: Aug. 1859-July 1865, J. D. White, J. H. McQuillen, G. J. Ziegler.--Aug. 1865-Dec. 1871, J. H. McQuillen, G. J. Ziegler.--Jan. 1872-May 1891, J. W. White.--July 1891-Apr. 1930, E. C. Kirk (with L. P. Anthony, Dec. 1917-Apr. 1930).--May 1930-Dec. 1936, L. P. Anthony., Vols. 1-13 are called "new series.", Merged in Jan. 1937 with: Journal of the American Dental Association, ISSN 1048-6364, to form: Journal of the American Dental Association and dental cosmos, ISSN 0375-8451., The Dental cosmos; a monthly record of dental science. [Vol. 72] : Vol 72 : Issue 6, Page(s) 675, (dlps) volume: 0527912.0072.001, (dlps) article: 0527912.0072.001:408, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Editors: Aug. 1859-July 1865, J. D. White, J. H. McQuillen, G. J. Ziegler.--Aug. 1865-Dec. 1871, J. H. McQuillen, G. J. Ziegler.--Jan. 1872-May 1891, J. W. White.--July 1891-Apr. 1930, E. C. Kirk (with L. P. Anthony, Dec. 1917-Apr. 1930).--May 1930-Dec. 1936, L. P. Anthony., Vols. 1-13 are called "new series.", Merged in Jan. 1937 with: Journal of the American Dental Association, ISSN 1048-6364, to form: Journal of the American Dental Association and dental cosmos, ISSN 0375-8451., The Dental cosmos; a monthly record of dental science. [Vol. 70] : Vol 70 : Issue 3, Page(s) 314-328, (dlps) volume: 0527912.0070.001, (dlps) article: 0527912.0070.001:158, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

Catholic world. / Volume 44, Issue 261, Page(s) 317-329, (dlps) volume: bac8387.0044.261, (dlps) article: bac8387.0044.261:4, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

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[2], 376, [1] p. front., illus., plates. 18 cm., Making of America (MOA), (dlps) ABQ3689.0001.001, (lccallno) DG676 .A22, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/t/text/accesspolicy.html

The determination of the crystalline structure of oriented fibers of poly-2,5-benzoxazole (ABPBO) and poly-2,6-benzothiazole (ABPBT) is described. Both unit cells are metrically orthorhombic, with the parameters: a=6.06(17), b=3.384(13), c (fiber axis)=11.575(6) A for ABPBO, and a=6.044(6), b-3.47(7), c (fiber axis)=12.194(18)A for ABPBT. The fiber repeat consists in each structure of two fused ring groups arranged in a planar, zigzag conformation. The conformational torsion angle and orientation of chains within the unit cells are derived from a linked-atom least squares refinement technique. Polymer chains pack laterally through van der Waals interations. A plausible disorder model which involves defects in chain direction is presented. Refinement of a static disorder model for ABPBO in which fifty percent of the chains have their chain directions reversed leads to a lower R residual and sum of constraints. The determination of the crystal structures of these two polymers is important for understanding of the processing, properties and morphology of high strength, high modulus fibers of these materials. Keywords: Polybenzoxazole; Units; Cell; Aromatics; Heterocyclics; Polymers.