Search

While the equivalence between online and traditional classrooms has been well researched, very little effort has been expended to do such comparisons for college level introductory chemistry. The existing literature has only one study that investigated chemistry lectures at an entire course level as opposed to particular course components such as individual topics or exams. Regarding lab courses, only one study is available and it involves moderating variables that are largely uncontrolled. In this work, we compared the student pass rates, withdrawal rates, and grade distributions between asynchronous online and traditional formats of an introductory chemistry lecture as well as its associated lab course. The study was based on the 823 university records available for the 2015–2016 academic year. Student pass and withdrawal rates between the two modes were quite similar and did not appear to be statistically significant. However, grade distributions for both the lecture and lab differed between the two learning modes, showing significant statistical associations. Online students were more likely to earn As in both lecture and lab while traditional in-person students were more likely to earn Cs or Ds. Further research should include replication of this study with a larger data set. Additionally, this study should be repeated in three to five years to determine if advances in course design, standardization and delivery platforms further reduce or eliminate differences between learning modes. Future studies should also use qualitative tools for a better understanding of why students fail or withdraw from courses.

The present study reports a comprehensive molecular dynamics simulation of the effect of a) temperature (300-1073 K at intervals of every 100 K) and b) point defect on the mechanical behaviour of single (armchair and zigzag direction) and bilayer layer graphene (AA and AB stacking). Adaptive intermolecular reactive bond order (AIREBO) potential function was used to describe the many-body short-range interatomic interactions for the single layer graphene sheet. Moreover, Lennard Jones model was considered for bilayer graphene to incorporate the van der Waals interactions among the interlayers of graphene. The effect of temperature on the strain energy of single layer and bilayer graphene was studied in order to understand the difference in mechanical behaviour of the two systems. The strength of the pristine single layer graphene was found to be higher as compared to bilayer AA stacked graphene at all temperatures. It was observed at 1073 K and in the presence of vacancy defect the strength for single layer armchair sheet falls by 30% and for bilayer armchair sheet by 33% as compared to the pristine sheets at 300 K. The AB stacked graphene sheet was found to have a two-step rupture process. The strength of pristine AB sheet was found to decrease by 22 % on increase of temperature from 300K to 1073K.

The present study reports a comprehensive molecular dynamics simulation of the effect of a) temperature (300-1073 K at intervals of every 100 K) and b) point defect on the mechanical behaviour of single (armchair and zigzag direction) and bilayer layer graphene (AA and AB stacking). Adaptive intermolecular reactive bond order (AIREBO) potential function was used to describe the many-body short-range interatomic interactions for the single layer graphene sheet. Moreover, Lennard Jones model was considered for bilayer graphene to incorporate the van der Waals interactions among the interlayers of graphene. The effect of temperature on the strain energy of single layer and bilayer graphene was studied in order to understand the difference in mechanical behaviour of the two systems. The strength of the pristine single layer graphene was found to be higher as compared to bilayer AA stacked graphene at all temperatures. It was observed at 1073 K and in the presence of vacancy defect the strength for single layer armchair sheet falls by 30% and for bilayer armchair sheet by 33% as compared to the pristine sheets at 300 K. The AB stacked graphene sheet was found to have a two-step rupture process. The strength of pristine AB sheet was found to decrease by 22 % on increase of temperature from 300K to 1073K.

In this paper we introduce Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) for designing the tibial part of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) by exploiting the shape-memory and pseudo-elasticity property of the SMA (e. g. NiTi). This would eliminate the drawbacks of the state-of-the art PMMA based knee-spacer including fracture, sustainability, dislocation, tilting, translation and subluxation for tackling the Osteoarthritis especially for the aged people of 45-plus or the athletes. In this paper a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model using SolidWorks for the knee-spacer is presented based on the proposed SMA adopting the state-of-the art industry-standard geometry that is used in the PMMA based spacer design. Subsequently Ansys based Finite Element Analysis is carried out to measure and compare the performance between the proposed SMA based model with the state-of-the art PMMA ones. 81% more bending is noticed in the PMMA based spacer compared to the proposed SMA that would eventually cause fracture and tilting or translation of spacer. Permanent shape deformation of approximately 58.75% in PMMA based spacer is observed compared to recoverable 11% deformation in SMA when same load is applied on both separately.

In this paper we introduce Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) for designing the tibial part of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) by exploiting the shape-memory and pseudo-elasticity property of the SMA (e. g. NiTi). This would eliminate the drawbacks of the state-of-the art PMMA based knee-spacer including fracture, sustainability, dislocation, tilting, translation and subluxation for tackling the Osteoarthritis especially for the aged people of 45-plus or the athletes. In this paper a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model using SolidWorks for the knee-spacer is presented based on the proposed SMA adopting the state-of-the art industry-standard geometry that is used in the PMMA based spacer design. Subsequently Ansys based Finite Element Analysis is carried out to measure and compare the performance between the proposed SMA based model with the state-of-the art PMMA ones. 81% more bending is noticed in the PMMA based spacer compared to the proposed SMA that would eventually cause fracture and tilting or translation of spacer. Permanent shape deformation of approximately 58.75% in PMMA based spacer is observed compared to recoverable 11% deformation in SMA when same load is applied on both separately.

In this paper we introduce Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) for designing the tibial part of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) by exploiting the shape-memory and pseudo-elasticity property of the SMA (e. g. NiTi). This would eliminate the drawbacks of the state-of-the art PMMA based knee-spacer including fracture, sustainability, dislocation, tilting, translation and subluxation for tackling the Osteoarthritis especially for the aged people of 45-plus or the athletes. In this paper a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model using SolidWorks for the knee-spacer is presented based on the proposed SMA adopting the state-of-the art industry-standard geometry that is used in the PMMA based spacer design. Subsequently Ansys based Finite Element Analysis is carried out to measure and compare the performance between the proposed SMA based model with the state-of-the art PMMA ones. 81% more bending is noticed in the PMMA based spacer compared to the proposed SMA that would eventually cause fracture and tilting or translation of spacer. Permanent shape deformation of approximately 58.75% in PMMA based spacer is observed compared to recoverable 11% deformation in SMA when same load is applied on both separately.

In this paper we introduce Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) for designing the tibial part of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) by exploiting the shape-memory and pseudo-elasticity property of the SMA (e. g. NiTi). This would eliminate the drawbacks of the state-of-the art PMMA based knee-spacer including fracture, sustainability, dislocation, tilting, translation and subluxation for tackling the Osteoarthritis especially for the aged people of 45-plus or the athletes. In this paper a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model using SolidWorks for the knee-spacer is presented based on the proposed SMA adopting the state-of-the art industry-standard geometry that is used in the PMMA based spacer design. Subsequently Ansys based Finite Element Analysis is carried out to measure and compare the performance between the proposed SMA based model with the state-of-the art PMMA ones. 81% more bending is noticed in the PMMA based spacer compared to the proposed SMA that would eventually cause fracture and tilting or translation of spacer. Permanent shape deformation of approximately 58.75% in PMMA based spacer is observed compared to recoverable 11% deformation in SMA when same load is applied on both separately.

The phenomenon of self healing of cracks in bilayer graphene sheet has been studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The bilayer graphene sheet was subjected to uniaxial tensile load resulting in initiation and propagation of cracks on exceeding the ultimate tensile strength. Subsequently, all forces acting on the sheet were removed and sheet was relaxed. The cracks formed in the graphene sheet healed without any external aid within 0.4 ps The phenomenon of self healing of the cracks in graphene sheet was found to be independent of the length of the crack, but occurred for critical crack opening distance less than 5 Å for AA stacked sheet and 13 Å for AB stacked bilayer graphene sheet. Self healing was observed for both AB (mixed stacking of armchair and zigzag graphene sheet) and AA (both sheets of similar orientation i.e. either armchair-armchair or zigzag-zigzag) stacking of bilayer graphene sheet.

In this paper we introduce Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) for designing the tibial part of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) by exploiting the shape-memory and pseudo-elasticity property of the SMA (e. g. NiTi). This would eliminate the drawbacks of the state-of-the art PMMA based knee-spacer including fracture, sustainability, dislocation, tilting, translation and subluxation for tackling the Osteoarthritis especially for the aged people of 45-plus or the athletes. In this paper a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model using SolidWorks for the knee-spacer is presented based on the proposed SMA adopting the state-of-the art industry-standard geometry that is used in the PMMA based spacer design. Subsequently Ansys based Finite Element Analysis is carried out to measure and compare the performance between the proposed SMA based model with the state-of-the art PMMA ones. 81% more bending is noticed in the PMMA based spacer compared to the proposed SMA that would eventually cause fracture and tilting or translation of spacer. Permanent shape deformation of approximately 58.75% in PMMA based spacer is observed compared to recoverable 11% deformation in SMA when same load is applied on both separately.

The phenomenon of self healing of cracks in bilayer graphene sheet has been studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The bilayer graphene sheet was subjected to uniaxial tensile load resulting in initiation and propagation of cracks on exceeding the ultimate tensile strength. Subsequently, all forces acting on the sheet were removed and sheet was relaxed. The cracks formed in the graphene sheet healed without any external aid within 0.4 ps The phenomenon of self healing of the cracks in graphene sheet was found to be independent of the length of the crack, but occurred for critical crack opening distance less than 5 Å for AA stacked sheet and 13 Å for AB stacked bilayer graphene sheet. Self healing was observed for both AB (mixed stacking of armchair and zigzag graphene sheet) and AA (both sheets of similar orientation i.e. either armchair-armchair or zigzag-zigzag) stacking of bilayer graphene sheet.

In this paper we introduce Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) for designing the tibial part of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) by exploiting the shape-memory and pseudo-elasticity property of the SMA (e. g. NiTi). This would eliminate the drawbacks of the state-of-the art PMMA based knee-spacer including fracture, sustainability, dislocation, tilting, translation and subluxation for tackling the Osteoarthritis especially for the aged people of 45-plus or the athletes. In this paper a Computer Aided Design (CAD) model using SolidWorks for the knee-spacer is presented based on the proposed SMA adopting the state-of-the art industry-standard geometry that is used in the PMMA based spacer design. Subsequently Ansys based Finite Element Analysis is carried out to measure and compare the performance between the proposed SMA based model with the state-of-the art PMMA ones. 81% more bending is noticed in the PMMA based spacer compared to the proposed SMA that would eventually cause fracture and tilting or translation of spacer. Permanent shape deformation of approximately 58.75% in PMMA based spacer is observed compared to recoverable 11% deformation in SMA when same load is applied on both separately.

The present study investigates the self healing behavior of both pristine and defected single layer graphene using a molecular dynamic simulation. Single layer graphene containing various defects such as preexisting vacancies and differently oriented pre-existing cracks were subjected to uniaxial tensile loading till fracture occurred. Once the load was relaxed, the graphene was found to undergo self healing. It was observed that this self healing behaviour of cracks holds irrespective of the nature of pre-existing defects in the graphene sheet. Cracks of any length were found to heal provided the critical crack opening distance lies within 0.3-0.5 nm for a pristine sheet and also for a sheet with pre-existing defects. Detailed bond length analysis of the graphene sheet was done to understand the mechanism of self healing of graphene. The paper also discusses the immense potential of the self healing phenomena of graphene in the field of graphene based sub-nano sensors for crack sensing.

Molecular Dynamics simulations revealed the phenomena of self healing of cracks which were generated in graphene on application of tensile load exceeding its ultimate tensile strength. The phenomenon of self healing was observed when the system was studied at a very slow rate of 0.05 ps. Cracks initiated in the graphene sheet was allowed to propagate till it reached a critical length following which the load was removed and the sheet was relaxed. The study revealed that self healing of cracks took place within a critical crack opening displacement range of 0.3–0.5 nm in absence of any external stimulus. However, the self healing phenomenon was found to be independent of crack length. This self healing phenomenon occurred not only in pristine graphene sheet, but also in presence of pre-existing vacancies. The mechanism of self healing has been explained by detailed bond length/angle distribution analysis.

Molecular Dynamics simulations revealed the phenomena of self healing of cracks which were generated in graphene on application of tensile load exceeding its ultimate tensile strength. The phenomenon of self healing was observed when the system was studied at a very slow rate of 0.05 ps. Cracks initiated in the graphene sheet was allowed to propagate till it reached a critical length following which the load was removed and the sheet was relaxed. The study revealed that self healing of cracks took place within a critical crack opening displacement range of 0.3–0.5 nm in absence of any external stimulus. However, the self healing phenomenon was found to be independent of crack length. This self healing phenomenon occurred not only in pristine graphene sheet, but also in presence of pre-existing vacancies. The mechanism of self healing has been explained by detailed bond length/angle distribution analysis.

Molecular Dynamics simulations revealed the phenomena of self healing of cracks which were generated in graphene on application of tensile load exceeding its ultimate tensile strength. The phenomenon of self healing was observed when the system was studied at a very slow rate of 0.05 ps. Cracks initiated in the graphene sheet was allowed to propagate till it reached a critical length following which the load was removed and the sheet was relaxed. The study revealed that self healing of cracks took place within a critical crack opening displacement range of 0.3–0.5 nm in absence of any external stimulus. However, the self healing phenomenon was found to be independent of crack length. This self healing phenomenon occurred not only in pristine graphene sheet, but also in presence of pre-existing vacancies. The mechanism of self healing has been explained by detailed bond length/angle distribution analysis.

This review contains a summary of the work done on arsenic and flouride pollution of the surface and groundwater in parts of the Indian peninsula and Ganga-Brahmaputra Alluvial and Delta Plains. Results of the investigation have been be categorized institutions wise with identification of the principal worker in the research group. © Printed in India.