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Adultery is considered a major sin in Islam and is prohibited in all Muslim societies. However, there are differences in the legal and social attitudes towards adultery in different Muslim countries. This article aims to compare the legal and social attitudes towards adultery in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, two Muslim-majority countries with different legal systems and cultural norms. The article begins with an overview of the Islamic perspective on adultery, as outlined in the Quran and Hadith. It then delves into the legal frameworks governing adultery in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, including the penal codes and the judicial procedures for prosecuting, and punishing adulterers. Furthermore, the article explores the social attitudes towards adultery in these two countries, including the cultural norms and religious beliefs that influence people's perceptions of this issue. It examines the role of family and community in shaping these attitudes, as well as the impact of modernization and globalization on traditional values. The article draws upon a range of sources, including Islamic texts, legal documents, academic literature, and media reports. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the similarities and differences between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan in their legal and social attitudes towards adultery. Overall, this article contributes to the understanding of how Islam shapes the legal and social attitudes towards adultery in different Muslim societies, and the implications of these attitudes for the lives of people living in these societies.

Adultery is considered a major sin in Islam and is prohibited in all Muslim societies. However, there are differences in the legal and social attitudes towards adultery in different Muslim countries. This article aims to compare the legal and social attitudes towards adultery in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, two Muslim-majority countries with different legal systems and cultural norms. The article begins with an overview of the Islamic perspective on adultery, as outlined in the Quran and Hadith. It then delves into the legal frameworks governing adultery in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, including the penal codes and the judicial procedures for prosecuting, and punishing adulterers. Furthermore, the article explores the social attitudes towards adultery in these two countries, including the cultural norms and religious beliefs that influence people's perceptions of this issue. It examines the role of family and community in shaping these attitudes, as well as the impact of modernization and globalization on traditional values. The article draws upon a range of sources, including Islamic texts, legal documents, academic literature, and media reports. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the similarities and differences between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan in their legal and social attitudes towards adultery. Overall, this article contributes to the understanding of how Islam shapes the legal and social attitudes towards adultery in different Muslim societies, and the implications of these attitudes for the lives of people living in these societies.

Food production and waste recycling are the two major issues faced globally with rapidly increasing population. Recycling organic wastes to crop amendments could be a possible solution to these issues. Earthworms transfer organic waste to compost, which is used to grow crops and increase crop productivity. This study assessed the impact of vermicompost produced from the residues of six desert plant species, i.e., (Ziziphus mauritiana, Aerva javanica, Calligonum comosum, Sacchrum benghalens, Calligonum polygonoides and Prosopis cineraria) combined with farmyard manure (5 t ha-1) on growth, yield and photosynthetic activity of maize crop. Earthworm species Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) was used to prepare vermicomposting of all tested plant species. The desert species were collected from natural habitats, chopped, dried, mixed with FYM and then earthworms were released to prepare the vermicompost. The earthworms were excluded twenty days after release and resultant was considered as compost and used in the experiment. Results revealed that application of P. cineraria vermicompost resulted in the highest plant height (75.33 cm), stem diameter (22.66 mm), cob length (17.66 cm), number of grains/cob (374.67), 1000-grain weight (260.41 g) and grains yield (3.20 t/ha). Application of P. cineraria vermicompost resulted in the highest uptake of macronutrients, i.e., N (91.01%), P (22.07%), K (80.41%), micronutrients, i.e., Fe (19.07 ppm), Zn (40.05 ppm), and phenolic contents (150). Application of P. cineraria vermicompost also resulted in the highest quantum photosynthetic yield (0.42 mole C/mole of photon), chlorophyll florescence (355.18 moles of photon m-2s-1) and electron transport rate (310.18 micro mole m-2s-1). It is concluded that vermicomposting has the potential to improve growth and yield of maize crop. Particularly, application of vermicompost obtained from P. cineraria can be used to improve the growth and yield of maize crop. Nonetheless, field trials are nec

Food production and waste recycling are the two major issues faced globally with rapidly increasing population. Recycling organic wastes to crop amendments could be a possible solution to these issues. Earthworms transfer organic waste to compost, which is used to grow crops and increase crop productivity. This study assessed the impact of vermicompost produced from the residues of six desert plant species, i.e., (Ziziphus mauritiana, Aerva javanica, Calligonum comosum, Sacchrum benghalens, Calligonum polygonoides and Prosopis cineraria) combined with farmyard manure (5 t ha-1) on growth, yield and photosynthetic activity of maize crop. Earthworm species Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) was used to prepare vermicomposting of all tested plant species. The desert species were collected from natural habitats, chopped, dried, mixed with FYM and then earthworms were released to prepare the vermicompost. The earthworms were excluded twenty days after release and resultant was considered as compost and used in the experiment. Results revealed that application of P. cineraria vermicompost resulted in the highest plant height (75.33 cm), stem diameter (22.66 mm), cob length (17.66 cm), number of grains/cob (374.67), 1000-grain weight (260.41 g) and grains yield (3.20 t/ha). Application of P. cineraria vermicompost resulted in the highest uptake of macronutrients, i.e., N (91.01%), P (22.07%), K (80.41%), micronutrients, i.e., Fe (19.07 ppm), Zn (40.05 ppm), and phenolic contents (150). Application of P. cineraria vermicompost also resulted in the highest quantum photosynthetic yield (0.42 mole C/mole of photon), chlorophyll florescence (355.18 moles of photon m-2s-1) and electron transport rate (310.18 micro mole m-2s-1). It is concluded that vermicomposting has the potential to improve growth and yield of maize crop. Particularly, application of vermicompost obtained from P. cineraria can be used to improve the growth and yield of maize crop. Nonetheless, field trials are nec