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Over the past two decades, Translation Studies has experienced exponential growth in published articles, with bibliometric analysis increasingly used to explore research trends. This study employs corpus-based bibliometric method to analyse translation research output in the Arabic language from 2000 to 2020. A total of 1043 articles published in the Arabic language were obtained and classified using research area classification proposed by Williams and Chesterman (2014). The results indicate a substantial focus on Genre Translation as the primary interest within the Arab world, while the Translation Process and Interpreting Studies have received less attention. Keyword analysis further highlights Quran Translation as the most prevalent topic among these publications; however, it remains largely isolated from English-language research, which rarely cites Arabic studies. Moreover, the study examines the geographical distribution of the research, highlighting significant disparities in output across the Arab world, which can be attributed to publishing practices that favour English over Arabic. This pattern suggests a disconnect that might impede the global discourse in Translation Studies, particularly concerning the integration of insights across linguistic divides. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of Arabic Translation Studies and stresses the need for further comprehensive explorations into underrepresented areas within Arabic translation research.

The present study addresses the analysis of the use of color terms in the biobibliographical dictionary al-Iḥāṭa fī akhbār Gharnāṭa, of the 14th-century Andalusi intellectual Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Khaṭīb. The aim is to reconstruct the cultural category of COLOR in the context of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada through its linguistic codification in the digitized corpus of the Iḥāṭā. For this purpose, the study has used a methodology based on an annotation scheme that serves as a baseline for data mining and contemplates specific lexical, morphological, and semantic aspects in addition to the genres. The analysis sheds light on the frequencies of use and their distribution following different parameters, the types of referents to which color terms are associated and their cultural dimension, the paradigms, and their morpho-semantic aspect, among other extra-linguistic issues relevant to understanding the perceptual experience of the Nasrid COLOR. The results show the effectiveness of Cultural Linguistics for reconstructing the cognitive experience in a pre-modern context, the Eastern influence in formulating this Nasrid cultural category, and the social connections that color terms have in this culture., El presente estudio aborda el análisis del uso de los términos de color en el diccionario bio-bibliográfico al-Iḥāṭa fī ajbār Garnāṭa, del intelectual andalusí del siglo XIV Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Jaṭīb. El objetivo es la reconstrucción de la categoría cultural del COLOR en el contexto del reino nazarí de Granada a través de su codificación lingüística en el corpus digitalizado de la Iḥāṭā. Para ello, se ha echado mano de una metodología basada en un esquema de anotación que sirve como base para la minería de datos y que contempla, además de los géneros, ciertos aspectos léxicos, morfológicos y semánticos. El análisis proyecta luz sobre las frecuencias de uso y su distribución siguiendo distintos parámetros, los tipos de referentes a los que se asocian los términos de color y su dimensión cultural, los paradigmas y su aspecto morfo-semántico, entre otras cuestiones extra-lingüísticas relevantes para comprender la experiencia perceptiva del COLOR nazarí. Los resultados muestran la validez de la lingüística cultural para la reconstrucción de la experiencia cognitiva en un contexto premoderno, la influencia oriental en la formulación de esta categoría cultural nazarí y las conexiones sociales que tienen los términos de color en dicha cultura.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on global health and has affected various populations worldwide. In the Arab world, social media has emerged as a critical platform for expressing opinions, sharing information, and disseminating news related to COVID-19. However, the proliferation of false information and the spread of fear and panic on social media have created a significant problem. This study aims to investigate how Arab populations, including both opinion leaders and the general public, have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic on Twitter. The research focuses on analysing sentiment and developing a deep learning model to detect real news associated with the pandemic in Arabic text. By gathering and analyzing data from Gulf countries, the study provides insights into the sentiments expressed and contributes to understanding how opinion leaders and the general public engage with COVID-19 on Twitter. Additionally, the study evaluates the efficacy of the deep learning model in combating misinformation and highlights the significance of sentiment analysis and news detection in the Arabic language. Data collection was conducted using Twitter's API, focusing on Arabic tweets from Gulf opinion leaders, utilizing specific keywords, hashtags, and user accounts related to COVID-19. The testing phase involved collecting 100,000 tweets from January to June 2022, with an emphasis on quality and relevance, including opinion leaders with significant follower counts and those recognized for their expertise or influence in the field. Overall, this research contributes to understanding the response to COVID-19 on Twitter and provides valuable insights into sentiment analysis and the detection of real news in Arabic text.

A frequency dictionary of printed Arabic text is essential for natural language processing. It includes 1,251 XML files of Arabic documents collected from ten newspapers and magazines from different countries and created as the PATD database. A total of 2,344 articles were created with various structures: open vocabulary, multi-font, multi-size, and multi-style text. From these articles, 1,102,078 tokens, 19,926 sentences, and 1,000,000 words were extracted. This dictionary provides detailed information for each word, including English equivalents, usage statistics, usage distribution, and the most widely used terms. A thematic vocabulary list of the top words on various topics is also provided. This frequency dictionary is a useful resource of modern Arabic vocabulary for various specialists, students, and learners. The frequency dictionary is freely available to interested researchers on the webpage., Słownik frekwencyjny bazy danych tekstów drukowanych w języku arabskim jest niezbędny do przetwarzania języka naturalnego. Baza danych tekstów drukowanych w języku arabskim (PATD) zawiera 1251 plików XML różnych dokumentów w języku arabskim pochodzących z dziesięciu gazet i czasopism z kilku krajów. Łącznie utworzono 2 344 artykuły o różnych strukturach: teksty z otwartym słownictwem, z wieloma czcionkami o różnej wielkości i reprezentujące różne style. Z tych artykułów wyodrębniono 1 102 078 tokenów, 19 926 zdań i 1 000 000 leksemów. Słownik frekwencyjny jest przydatnym źródłem współczesnego słownictwa arabskiego dla różnych specjalistów, studentów oraz uczniów. Jest udostępniony bezpłatnie dla zainteresowanych badaczy na stronie internetowej.

What are the roots of Arab identity and how do they affect Arab identity today? This research, connecting past to present, is an attempt to understand the key elements that have shaped, and are still affecting, Arab consciousness today. The ‘pillars’ of Arab identity – among which language plays the central role – are identified through the study of fundamental texts of Arab-Islamic heritage and explained in terms of the life conditions in the desert, where Arab culture was born. The impact of Arab identity’s origins is followed through the centuries to understand how they act on contemporary Arab mindset.

Teaching methods are one of the most debated topics in the field of education, and concentrating on a particular subject such as Islamic education is a one-of-a-kind concern that requires greater attention from academics. This study focuses on the most essential methods of teaching Islamic education that assist students at private international schools in achieving their highest levels of achievement and progress in Islamic education. The study also provides light on the challenges that instructors and students encounter in Islamic education, such as mastering the Arabic language and emphasizing the necessity of higher-order thinking abilities and the use of technology in Islamic education classes. This study also examines prior literature that addressed the above stated concerns. The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative, with the researcher conducting interviews with two heads of Islamic education departments and an interview with a teacher in an Arab school with more than ten years of experience. In addition, the researcher conducted a questionnaire among Islamic education teachers, which was completed by 66 teachers. The four previously described techniques of imparting Islamic education are among the most significant, as are the relevance of the Arabic language in absorbing Islamic education, the necessity of employing higher-order thinking abilities, and the use of technology in Islamic education courses. This research includes a discussion of the research findings as well as a description of the Islamic education document in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The conclusions of this study also revealed the most significant discoveries of instructors in the best techniques of teaching Islamic education. The research also identified key areas that need more development and greater attention from policymakers in order to improve the teaching of Islamic education in private international schools.

Despite the fact that Arabic is the official language of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as a modern and cosmopolitan nation it is far from the only language spoken there. Therefore, there are schools where the instructional language is other than Arabic, although primarily English. However, those Arabic-speaking students attending non-Arabic schools become less proficient in the Arabic language and continually fall behind their peers in Arabic schools. This is despite the fact that both groups of students are native Arabic speakers, and that both groups of students attend Arabic classes that use the same curriculum and textbooks. Given the high number of British as well as other non-Arabic schools in Dubai, this is a significant issue as many Arabic-speaking students are failing to achieve proficiency in their native language. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing Arabic-speaking students’ proficiency in the Arabic language in Dubai’s British schools. The theoretical framework that underpins this study is based on three theories: Language Variation, Linguistic Environment and Language Management. In order to answer the research questions, one of which was based on each theory, an explanatory a sequential mixed-method approach was used to best support, refine and triangulate the quantitative with the qualitative data. The schools selected for this study were five British and two Arabic schools. The participants of this study comprised 211 students from grades 2, 5, 7 and 10, in addition to 39 Arabic teachers, 12 leaders and 83 parents from both types of schools. The instruments used in the quantitative analysis were a set of questionnaires administered to the students, teachers, leaders and parents. Furthermore, samples of the students’ work were analysed quantitatively, as well as qualitatively through thematic analysis. The final part of the qualitative analysis consisted of semi-structured interviews with the teachers, leaders and

Despite the fact that Arabic is the official language of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as a modern and cosmopolitan nation it is far from the only language spoken there. Therefore, there are schools where the instructional language is other than Arabic, although primarily English. However, those Arabic-speaking students attending non-Arabic schools become less proficient in the Arabic language and continually fall behind their peers in Arabic schools. This is despite the fact that both groups of students are native Arabic speakers, and that both groups of students attend Arabic classes that use the same curriculum and textbooks. Given the high number of British as well as other non-Arabic schools in Dubai, this is a significant issue as many Arabic-speaking students are failing to achieve proficiency in their native language. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing Arabic-speaking students’ proficiency in the Arabic language in Dubai’s British schools. The theoretical framework that underpins this study is based on three theories: Language Variation, Linguistic Environment and Language Management. In order to answer the research questions, one of which was based on each theory, an explanatory a sequential mixed-method approach was used to best support, refine and triangulate the quantitative with the qualitative data. The schools selected for this study were five British and two Arabic schools. The participants of this study comprised 211 students from grades 2, 5, 7 and 10, in addition to 39 Arabic teachers, 12 leaders and 83 parents from both types of schools. The instruments used in the quantitative analysis were a set of questionnaires administered to the students, teachers, leaders and parents. Furthermore, samples of the students’ work were analysed quantitatively, as well as qualitatively through thematic analysis. The final part of the qualitative analysis consisted of semi-structured interviews with the teachers, leaders and

Teaching methods are one of the most debated topics in the field of education, and concentrating on a particular subject such as Islamic education is a one-of-a-kind concern that requires greater attention from academics. This study focuses on the most essential methods of teaching Islamic education that assist students at private international schools in achieving their highest levels of achievement and progress in Islamic education. The study also provides light on the challenges that instructors and students encounter in Islamic education, such as mastering the Arabic language and emphasizing the necessity of higher-order thinking abilities and the use of technology in Islamic education classes. This study also examines prior literature that addressed the above stated concerns. The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative, with the researcher conducting interviews with two heads of Islamic education departments and an interview with a teacher in an Arab school with more than ten years of experience. In addition, the researcher conducted a questionnaire among Islamic education teachers, which was completed by 66 teachers. The four previously described techniques of imparting Islamic education are among the most significant, as are the relevance of the Arabic language in absorbing Islamic education, the necessity of employing higher-order thinking abilities, and the use of technology in Islamic education courses. This research includes a discussion of the research findings as well as a description of the Islamic education document in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The conclusions of this study also revealed the most significant discoveries of instructors in the best techniques of teaching Islamic education. The research also identified key areas that need more development and greater attention from policymakers in order to improve the teaching of Islamic education in private international schools.

Due to the growing interest in speech recognition technologies, several datasets of speech acquired under uncontrolled conditions have been proposed in recent years. The majority of the datasets available to the community are in English, which reduces the possibility of developing and evaluating recognition technologies in languages other than English. In this paper we try to reduce this language-related gap by proposing a dataset for Arabic language speech recognition. The dataset is made available to the community and contains 100 speakers of both genders. Experiments with some of the latest speaker recognition approaches have been performed both with and without a suitable training on the Arabic language. Results suggest that, to effectively develop recognition technologies in other languages, suitable data for that language are necessary to allow at least a transfer learning approach. In particular, such data is crucial when short utterances are considered.

This article examines the semantic aspects of some words from the Arabic language used in Erkin Vahidov's poem "Man". It deals with issues related to the poet's skill in the use of words, his views based on the inner meanings of words.

This article is devoted to the study of the Italian language vocabulary, as well as its enrichment with Arabic borrowings under the influence of various historical events in the course of the historical development of the island of Sicily. The authors describe the main historical events that influenced the enrichment of the lexical composition of the Italian language with Arabic borrowings. The history of the Mediterranean is saturated with conflicts, meetings, migrations. For centuries, the region of southern Italy has been the center of various cultures and peoples, which greatly influenced the development of art and architecture as well as vocabulary of the people living in this territory. The purpose of the study is to describe and analyze the lexemes of Arabic origin present in the Italian language and Sicilian dialects. The lexemes are referred to "arabisms" that emerged during the period of Arab domination in the southern Italy and under the influence of the Arabic language. Within the scope the authors consider in detail the most important historical events that took place in certain periods in the region. In addition, the authors overview the semantic fields in which there are arabisms and the areas they are related, e.g. toponymy, material culture, agriculture, manufacturing, food, etc. Also the geography of the region and the linguistic contacts are regarded due to the conquests of the Arabs in Sicily., Este artigo se dedica ao estudo do vocabulário da língua italiana, bem como ao seu enriquecimento com os empréstimos do árabe sob a influência de vários acontecimentos históricos ao longo do desenvolvimento histórico da ilha da Sicília. Os autores descrevem os principais acontecimentos históricos que influenciaram o enriquecimento da composição lexical da língua italiana com os empréstimos do árabe. A história do Mediterrâneo está saturada de conflitos, encontros, migrações. Durante séculos, a região do sul da Itália foi o centro de várias culturas e povos, o que influenciou muito o desenvolvimento da arte e da arquitetura, bem como o vocabulário das pessoas que vivem neste território. O objetivo do estudo é descrever e analisar os lexemas de origem árabe presentes na língua italiana e dialetos sicilianos. Os lexemas são chamados de "arabismos" que surgiram durante o período de dominação árabe no sul da Itália e sob a influência da língua árabe. Dentro do escopo os autores consideram detalhadamente os eventos históricos mais importantes que ocorreram em determinados períodos na região. Além disso, os autores apresentam uma visão geral dos campos semânticos nos quais existem arabismos e as áreas com as quais estão relacionados, por exemplo, toponímia, cultura material, agricultura, manufatura, alimentação, etc. Também a geografia da região e os contatos linguísticos são considerados devido às conquistas dos árabes na Sicília., Este artículo está dedicado al estudio del vocabulario de la lengua italiana, así como a su enriquecimiento con préstamos árabes bajo la influencia de varios eventos históricos en el curso del desarrollo histórico de la isla de Sicilia. Los autores describen los principales acontecimientos históricos que influyeron en el enriquecimiento de la composición léxica de la lengua italiana con préstamos árabes. La historia del Mediterráneo está saturada de conflictos, encuentros, migraciones. Durante siglos, la región del sur de Italia ha sido el centro de diversas culturas y pueblos, lo que influyó mucho en el desarrollo del arte y la arquitectura, así como en el vocabulario de las personas que viven en este territorio. El propósito del estudio es describir y analizar los lexemas de origen árabe presentes en la lengua italiana y los dialectos sicilianos. Los lexemas se denominan "arabismos" que surgieron durante el período de dominación árabe en el sur de Italia y bajo la influencia de la lengua árabe. Dentro del alcance los autores consideran en detalle los hechos históricos más importantes ocurridos en determinados períodos en la región. Además, los autores revisan los campos semánticos en los que hay arabismos y las áreas con las que están relacionados, p. Ej. toponimia, cultura material, agricultura, manufactura, alimentación, etc. También se considera la geografía de la región y los contactos lingüísticos debido a las conquistas de los árabes en Sicilia.

This article examines the semantic aspects of some words from the Arabic language used in Erkin Vahidov's poem "Man". It deals with issues related to the poet's skill in the use of words, his views based on the inner meanings of words.

Arabic is a product of a civilization that is a guide for the Muslim community and a reference for understanding the Qur'an, both from the Arabs themselves as native speakers, as well as non-native Arabic. The importance of language covers almost all areas of life because it is everything that is lived, experienced, felt, and thought of to someone that can only be known by others if it has been expressed in language, either written or spoken language. One of the features of Arabic according to other languages ??is that Arabic is very rich in using vocabulary, both in terms of the number of vocabulary and in terms of its form. This study used qualitative research methods. This research is qualitative. The method used is a descriptive method with data collection techniques through literature study. The data was collected using reading and writing techniques, then the data was analyzed and presented in the form of a description. this study is a literature review using content analysis techniques (content analysis). Content Analysis is a research technique that is used to make inferences that are replicable and valid in terms of data by taking into account the context. Then the data is analyzed descriptively and analyzed qualitatively to reveal the meaning of word changes and the factors of change. From this research, several examples of changes in meaning are broadened, narrowed, and changed in total meaning

Arabic is a product of a civilization that is a guide for the Muslim community and a reference for understanding the Qur'an, both from the Arabs themselves as native speakers, as well as non-native Arabic. The importance of language covers almost all areas of life because it is everything that is lived, experienced, felt, and thought of to someone that can only be known by others if it has been expressed in language, either written or spoken language. One of the features of Arabic according to other languages ??is that Arabic is very rich in using vocabulary, both in terms of the number of vocabulary and in terms of its form. This study used qualitative research methods. This research is qualitative. The method used is a descriptive method with data collection techniques through literature study. The data was collected using reading and writing techniques, then the data was analyzed and presented in the form of a description. this study is a literature review using content analysis techniques (content analysis). Content Analysis is a research technique that is used to make inferences that are replicable and valid in terms of data by taking into account the context. Then the data is analyzed descriptively and analyzed qualitatively to reveal the meaning of word changes and the factors of change. From this research, several examples of changes in meaning are broadened, narrowed, and changed in total meaning

The importance of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) Systems, whose job is to generate text from audio, is increasing as the number of applications of these systems is rapidly going up. However, when it comes to training ASR systems, the process is difficult and rather tedious, and that could be attributed to the lack of training data. ASRs require huge amounts of annotated training data containing the audio files and the corresponding accurately written transcript files. This annotated (labeled) training data is very difficult to find for most of the languages, it usually requires people to perform the annotation manually which, apart from the monetary price it costs, is error-prone. A supervised training task is impractical for this scenario. The Arabic language is one of the languages that do not have an abundance of labeled data, which makes its ASR system's accuracy very low compared to other resource-rich languages such as English, French, or Spanish. In this research, we take advantage of unlabeled voice data by learning general data representations from unlabeled training data (only audio files) in a self-supervised task or pre-training phase. This phase is done by using wav2vec 2.0 framework which masks out input in the latent space and solves a contrastive task. The model is then fine-tuned on a few amounts of labeled data. We also exploit models that have been pre-trained on different languages, by using wav2vec 2.0, for the purpose of fine-tuning them on Arabic language by using annotated Arabic data. We show that using wav2vec 2.0 framework for pre-training on Arabic is considerably time and resource-consuming. It took the model 21.5 days (about 3 weeks) to complete 662 epochs and get a validation accuracy of 58%. Arabic is a right-to-left (rtl) language with many diacritics that indicate how letters should be pronounced, these two features make it difficult for Arabic to fit into these models, as it requires heavy pre-processing for the transcript

Arabic is a product of a civilization that is a guide for the Muslim community and a reference for understanding the Qur'an, both from the Arabs themselves as native speakers, as well as non-native Arabic. The importance of language covers almost all areas of life because it is everything that is lived, experienced, felt, and thought of to someone that can only be known by others if it has been expressed in language, either written or spoken language. One of the features of Arabic according to other languages ??is that Arabic is very rich in using vocabulary, both in terms of the number of vocabulary and in terms of its form. This study used qualitative research methods. This research is qualitative. The method used is a descriptive method with data collection techniques through literature study. The data was collected using reading and writing techniques, then the data was analyzed and presented in the form of a description. this study is a literature review using content analysis techniques (content analysis). Content Analysis is a research technique that is used to make inferences that are replicable and valid in terms of data by taking into account the context. Then the data is analyzed descriptively and analyzed qualitatively to reveal the meaning of word changes and the factors of change. From this research, several examples of changes in meaning are broadened, narrowed, and changed in total meaning

Arabic is a product of a civilization that is a guide for the Muslim community and a reference for understanding the Qur'an, both from the Arabs themselves as native speakers, as well as non-native Arabic. The importance of language covers almost all areas of life because it is everything that is lived, experienced, felt, and thought of to someone that can only be known by others if it has been expressed in language, either written or spoken language. One of the features of Arabic according to other languages ??is that Arabic is very rich in using vocabulary, both in terms of the number of vocabulary and in terms of its form. This study used qualitative research methods. This research is qualitative. The method used is a descriptive method with data collection techniques through literature study. The data was collected using reading and writing techniques, then the data was analyzed and presented in the form of a description. this study is a literature review using content analysis techniques (content analysis). Content Analysis is a research technique that is used to make inferences that are replicable and valid in terms of data by taking into account the context. Then the data is analyzed descriptively and analyzed qualitatively to reveal the meaning of word changes and the factors of change. From this research, several examples of changes in meaning are broadened, narrowed, and changed in total meaning

The importance of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) Systems, whose job is to generate text from audio, is increasing as the number of applications of these systems is rapidly going up. However, when it comes to training ASR systems, the process is difficult and rather tedious, and that could be attributed to the lack of training data. ASRs require huge amounts of annotated training data containing the audio files and the corresponding accurately written transcript files. This annotated (labeled) training data is very difficult to find for most of the languages, it usually requires people to perform the annotation manually which, apart from the monetary price it costs, is error-prone. A supervised training task is impractical for this scenario. The Arabic language is one of the languages that do not have an abundance of labeled data, which makes its ASR system's accuracy very low compared to other resource-rich languages such as English, French, or Spanish. In this research, we take advantage of unlabeled voice data by learning general data representations from unlabeled training data (only audio files) in a self-supervised task or pre-training phase. This phase is done by using wav2vec 2.0 framework which masks out input in the latent space and solves a contrastive task. The model is then fine-tuned on a few amounts of labeled data. We also exploit models that have been pre-trained on different languages, by using wav2vec 2.0, for the purpose of fine-tuning them on Arabic language by using annotated Arabic data. We show that using wav2vec 2.0 framework for pre-training on Arabic is considerably time and resource-consuming. It took the model 21.5 days (about 3 weeks) to complete 662 epochs and get a validation accuracy of 58%. Arabic is a right-to-left (rtl) language with many diacritics that indicate how letters should be pronounced, these two features make it difficult for Arabic to fit into these models, as it requires heavy pre-processing for the transcript

Analyzing social media posts and comments has become a critical task to prevent cyberbullying and hate speech. In this work we present a classification models based on the attention mechanism to analyze Arabic posts and filter out all kinds of inappropriate speech including Religious based hate speech, offensive and abusive content in different Arabic dialects. The attention-based models show promising results for four Arabic datasets. The results are presented and compared in terms of accuracy and training time.

Background:  Students' difficulties in learning Arabic are due to their lack of mastery of Arabic vocabulary and this affects other Arabic language skills. The learning that has been less interactive so far due to the lack of variety of teachers in the use of learning media, improvements can be made by utilizing existing media to assist the learning process Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of the use of animated video media on the Arabic vocabulary mastery of class VIII MTs Asnawiyah. Design and methods: The method used in this study is the quantitative method, the type of experimental research and the research design using a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control design. Data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews, documentation and tests, namely pretest and posttest in the experimental class and control class with a total sample of 86 samples. Results: The final results of this study indicate that there is an influence of animated video media on the vocabulary mastery of class VIII students of MTs Asnawiyah, this can be shown from the results of the study which were measured using Mann Whitney and obtained a sig value of 0.000 where a sig value of 0.000 <0.05.

This article is devoted to the study of the Italian language vocabulary, as well as its enrichment with Arabic borrowings under the influence of various historical events in the course of the historical development of the island of Sicily. The authors describe the main historical events that influenced the enrichment of the lexical composition of the Italian language with Arabic borrowings. The history of the Mediterranean is saturated with conflicts, meetings, migrations. For centuries, the region of southern Italy has been the center of various cultures and peoples, which greatly influenced the development of art and architecture as well as vocabulary of the people living in this territory. The purpose of the study is to describe and analyze the lexemes of Arabic origin present in the Italian language and Sicilian dialects. The lexemes are referred to "arabisms" that emerged during the period of Arab domination in the southern Italy and under the influence of the Arabic language. Within the scope the authors consider in detail the most important historical events that took place in certain periods in the region. In addition, the authors overview the semantic fields in which there are arabisms and the areas they are related, e.g. toponymy, material culture, agriculture, manufacturing, food, etc. Also the geography of the region and the linguistic contacts are regarded due to the conquests of the Arabs in Sicily., Este artigo se dedica ao estudo do vocabulário da língua italiana, bem como ao seu enriquecimento com os empréstimos do árabe sob a influência de vários acontecimentos históricos ao longo do desenvolvimento histórico da ilha da Sicília. Os autores descrevem os principais acontecimentos históricos que influenciaram o enriquecimento da composição lexical da língua italiana com os empréstimos do árabe. A história do Mediterrâneo está saturada de conflitos, encontros, migrações. Durante séculos, a região do sul da Itália foi o centro de várias culturas e povos, o que influenciou muito o desenvolvimento da arte e da arquitetura, bem como o vocabulário das pessoas que vivem neste território. O objetivo do estudo é descrever e analisar os lexemas de origem árabe presentes na língua italiana e dialetos sicilianos. Os lexemas são chamados de "arabismos" que surgiram durante o período de dominação árabe no sul da Itália e sob a influência da língua árabe. Dentro do escopo os autores consideram detalhadamente os eventos históricos mais importantes que ocorreram em determinados períodos na região. Além disso, os autores apresentam uma visão geral dos campos semânticos nos quais existem arabismos e as áreas com as quais estão relacionados, por exemplo, toponímia, cultura material, agricultura, manufatura, alimentação, etc. Também a geografia da região e os contatos linguísticos são considerados devido às conquistas dos árabes na Sicília., Este artículo está dedicado al estudio del vocabulario de la lengua italiana, así como a su enriquecimiento con préstamos árabes bajo la influencia de varios eventos históricos en el curso del desarrollo histórico de la isla de Sicilia. Los autores describen los principales acontecimientos históricos que influyeron en el enriquecimiento de la composición léxica de la lengua italiana con préstamos árabes. La historia del Mediterráneo está saturada de conflictos, encuentros, migraciones. Durante siglos, la región del sur de Italia ha sido el centro de diversas culturas y pueblos, lo que influyó mucho en el desarrollo del arte y la arquitectura, así como en el vocabulario de las personas que viven en este territorio. El propósito del estudio es describir y analizar los lexemas de origen árabe presentes en la lengua italiana y los dialectos sicilianos. Los lexemas se denominan "arabismos" que surgieron durante el período de dominación árabe en el sur de Italia y bajo la influencia de la lengua árabe. Dentro del alcance los autores consideran en detalle los hechos históricos más importantes ocurridos en determinados períodos en la región. Además, los autores revisan los campos semánticos en los que hay arabismos y las áreas con las que están relacionados, p. Ej. toponimia, cultura material, agricultura, manufactura, alimentación, etc. También se considera la geografía de la región y los contactos lingüísticos debido a las conquistas de los árabes en Sicilia.

The analysis of the works by ancient and contemporary Arabic language scholars reveals a linguistic bias against the feminine, on which grammar rules are established, reflecting a similar cultural bias that has dominated the Arab mind until today. This paper investigates the origin, the extent and the consequences of this cultural bias through the analysis of the founding texts of Arabic grammar.

Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije je vojna terminologija u arapskom jeziku. Osnovni cilj ovog rada je da na osnovu ekscerpiranih termina iz relevantne naucne i strucne literature opiše vojni terminosistem u arapskom jeziku. Rad je podeljen u cetiri osnovne tematske celine. Nakon uvodnih napomena pažnja prvog dela posvecena je nastanku i razvoju terminologije kao naucne discipline tokom prve polovine 20. veka, pregledom ucenja najznacajnijih terminoloških škola u svetu i ukazivanjem na stavove najistaknutijih naucnika na polju terminologije. Druga celina rada bavi se nastankom i razvojem terminologije kao naucne discipline u arapskom svetu, uz predstavljanje rada najznacajnijih Akademija za arapski jezik koje se nalaze u gotovo svim prestonicama arapskih zemalja, potom panarapskih i meunarodnih organizacija koje se bave proucavanjem arapskog jezika. Takoe, u ovom delu rada daje se prikaz tvorbe termina u arapskom jeziku i narocita pažnja posvecuje se arabizaciji. Treca celina rada bavi se jezikom vojne struke. Opisuju se karakteristike usmenog i pisanog izražavanja u vojsci i analizira se rad arapskih institucija koje se bave proucavanjem arapskog jezika vojne struke. Cetvrta celina posvecena je centralnoj temi ovo rada, arapsko-englesko-srpskom recniku vojnih termina. Nakon tabelarnog prikaza termina, izvršena je njihova podela po tematskim oblastima (oružje, delovi oružja i municija; vojna vozila, plovila i letelice; vojni cinovi i rodovi vojske; vojna oprema, veštine i aktivnosti; vojna doktrina i strategija) i izvršena je fonološka, morfološka i semanticka analiza ekscerpiranih vojnih termina. Zakljucna razmatranja, nastala na osnovu deskriptivne analize arapskog vojnog terminosistema, ukazuju na postojanje velikog broja kalkova i uticaj jezika kolonizatora, uglavnom francuskog i engleskog, na razvoj vojne, ali i sveukupne strucne terminologije u arapskom. Trenutna nedostupnost uvida u usmenu vojnu komunikaciju i tajnost vecine službenih vojnih dokum, The subject matter of this doctoral dissertation is military terminology within the Arabic language. The main objective of this paper is to describe the system of military terminology in Arabic based on excerpted terms from relevant scientific and professional literature. The paper is divided into four main thematic sections. After the introductory remarks, the first section focuses on the creation and development of terminology as a scientific discipline during the first half of the 20th century, by reviewing the teaching of the most important terminology schools in the world and highlighting the beliefs and understandings of the most prominent scholars in the field of terminology. The second section of the paper focuses on the creation and development of terminology as a scientific discipline in the Arab world, along with the presentation of the most important Academies of the Arabic language situated in the majority of capital cities in those Arab countries, followed by Pan-Arab and international organizations where the Arabic language is studied. Furthermore, this section elucidates the formation of terms in the Arabic language, while Arabization is given special attention. The third part of the paper focuses on the language of the military profession. The characteristics of oral and written communication in the military are described and the work of Arab institutions, where the specifically Arabic language of the military profession is studied, is also analysed. The fourth section pays close attention to the central theme of the paper – the Arabic-English- Serbian dictionary of military terms. Having been previously tabulated, terms are divided into themes (weapons, parts of weapons and ammunition; military vehicles, vessels and aircrafts; military ranks and the various arms of the service; military equipment, skills and activities; military doctrine and strategy) after which the excerpted military terms are analysed phonologically, morphologically and semantic

This study examined how two classes used online supplementary material to learn Arabic and the difficulties they reported in the process of their learning. The two classes have a total of 33 students who completed the course. The data from their weekly journal entries and log information from the site where the material was housed are used to describe the extent and the ways in which students used the material and issues they faced learning Arabic. Results show that students in both classes spent roughly 265 hours practicing Arabic with an average of 8 hours per student throughout the semester and that vocabulary recall and pronunciation were key struggles in their learning. Furthermore, this paper discusses some of the themes that emerged of students’ journal entries about their learning Arabic. Further implications are provided and discussed.

This study aims to outline a translation analysis of the websites of Spanish hotel companies operating internationally, specifically in Arab countries, in order to detect the most appropriate translation strategies when it comes to translating cultural aspects from Spanish to Arabic and which may contribute to the successful expansion of SMEs. Another aim is to develop new requirements in the specialisation of software translation in the Spanish-Arabic combination, based on the business translation model and using a cultural approach that seeks increased marketing success for SMEs in the Spanish hotel market., Este estudio trata de esbozar un análisis traductológico de las páginas web de las empresa hoteleras españolas en el ámbito internacional, en concreto en los países árabes con el fin de detectar las estrategias de traducción más apropiadas en lo que se refiere a los aspectos culturales del español al árabe y que puedan contribuir al éxito de la expansión deseada por las PYMES. Por otro lado, se pretende forjar nuevos requisitos en la especialización de la traducción de software en la combinación español-árabe a partir del modelo de traducción de negocios desde un enfoque cultural que persigue un mayor éxito en el marketing de las PYMES en el mercado hotelero español.

The amount of information has risen considerably since the beginning of the electronic era. Meanwhile, the relationships between various types of information have become more and more complex. On the other hand, the growing number of users have encouraged researchers to take an advantage of this information and develop techniques which analyze the experiences of customers to accommodate their requirements and satisfy their needs. Since the birth of the term "e-government", the amount of structured and unstructured information has increased dramatically, which has forced all government entities worldwide to provide many call centers with long working hours that may reach to 24/7 in some entities to answer users' questions related government services, regardless of the time wasted by the clients while waiting to get in touch with the agent. In fact, UAE government is not an exception. As far as Dubai government is concerned, some entities have taken a step forward by introducing their own chatbot technology to respond to customer inquiries. However, the challenges fraught with the chatbot development in general in addition to the challenges associated with the Arabic language in particular, made it extremely difficult to design a unified chatbot that is capable to respond to all services provided by Dubai government especially when dealing with the Arabic language. In this study, a novel approach is proposed to extract an Arabic language knowledge base from a previously built ontology for more than 500 services provided by the Dubai government in order to use the extracted knowledge base into a chatbot application through Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) files. The current ontology is an enhancement which builds on a previously created ontology. Furthermore, a chatbot response algorithm is proposed to respond to government services queries through a hybrid of three different approaches that were executed in a pipeline fashion based on the query complexit

This article aims to identify the challenges that are facing Arab countries to establish their language in the information society and social networks in particular. An attempt was made to identify the impact of the digital world on the language, followed by a statistical analysis approach. The type of study merits an analysis of reality data extrapolating the use of the Arabic language and its levels among diverse groups with multiple cultures and age stages distributed between less than 18-65 years., Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los desafíos que enfrentan los países árabes para establecer su idioma en la sociedad de la información y las redes sociales en particular. Se trató de identificar el impacto del mundo digital en el idioma, seguido de un enfoque estadístico de análisis. El tipo de estudio ameritó análisis de datos de la realidad extrapolando el uso de la lengua árabe y sus niveles entre diversos grupos con múltiples culturas y etapas de edad distribuidas entre menos de 18-65 años.

En este proyecto se crea una herramienta capaz de discernir entre tres consonantes fricativas del árabe, dos de ellas consideradas sonidos comunes y una de ellas considerada particular del árabe. Esta herramienta consiste en un modelo creado con código Python en la aplicación web Jupyter Notebook a partir del algoritmo de inteligencia artificial conocido como Análisis de Discriminante Lineal. Cuando este modelo recibe la información relativa a una de estas consonantes, el sistema devuelve el fonema correspondiente según lo que ha aprendido a partir de muestras anteriores. La información relativa a cada consonante viene dada por un vector de valores de parámetros acústicos seleccionados a partir de investigaciones de vanguardia anteriores y la propia verificación sobre la relevancia de estos parámetros a la hora de diferenciar entre las consonantes realizada en este proyecto mediante el método estadístico de ANOVA en Minitab. Para extraer los parámetros de las grabaciones de sonido de cada consonante se utiliza el programa de análisis fonético del habla conocido como Praat. Adicionalmente, se realiza un estudio con 15 individuos con tres idiomas nativos distintos (catalán, castellano e italiano), que no hablan el árabe, para comprobar la capacidad de pronunciar correctamente sonidos ajenos y la correlación de esta con el idioma nativo. El modelo resultó ser eficaz y veraz, no obstante, no se pudo establecer una correlación entre el idioma nativo y la correcta pronunciación de los sonidos desconocidos.

This article aims to identify the challenges that are facing Arab countries to establish their language in the information society and social networks in particular. An attempt was made to identify the impact of the digital world on the language, followed by a statistical analysis approach. The type of study merits an analysis of reality data extrapolating the use of the Arabic language and its levels among diverse groups with multiple cultures and age stages distributed between less than 18-65 years., Este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los desafíos que enfrentan los países árabes para establecer su idioma en la sociedad de la información y las redes sociales en particular. Se trató de identificar el impacto del mundo digital en el idioma, seguido de un enfoque estadístico de análisis. El tipo de estudio ameritó análisis de datos de la realidad extrapolando el uso de la lengua árabe y sus niveles entre diversos grupos con múltiples culturas y etapas de edad distribuidas entre menos de 18-65 años.

This study aims to outline a translation analysis of the websites of Spanish hotel companies operating internationally, specifically in Arab countries, in order to detect the most appropriate translation strategies when it comes to translating cultural aspects from Spanish to Arabic and which may contribute to the successful expansion of SMEs. Another aim is to develop new requirements in the specialisation of software translation in the Spanish-Arabic combination, based on the business translation model and using a cultural approach that seeks increased marketing success for SMEs in the Spanish hotel market., Este estudio trata de esbozar un análisis traductológico de las páginas web de las empresa hoteleras españolas en el ámbito internacional, en concreto en los países árabes con el fin de detectar las estrategias de traducción más apropiadas en lo que se refiere a los aspectos culturales del español al árabe y que puedan contribuir al éxito de la expansión deseada por las PYMES. Por otro lado, se pretende forjar nuevos requisitos en la especialización de la traducción de software en la combinación español-árabe a partir del modelo de traducción de negocios desde un enfoque cultural que persigue un mayor éxito en el marketing de las PYMES en el mercado hotelero español.

The current study investigated the influence of morphological structure on the earliest stages of Arabic reading acquisition. More specifically, we aimed at examining the role of root and pattern units in beginners from Grade 1 to 3. A first set of reading tasks evaluated the presence of a morphology facilitation effect in word and pseudoword reading by manipulating independently the frequency of roots and patterns. Additional tasks aimed at examining the contribution of morphological awareness to reading performance. The results suggest that reading ability is early influenced by the awareness of morphological composition. Children read faster and more accurately pseudowords composed of frequent morphemes. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed, for every reading measure, a significant contribution of one morphological test in addition to grapheme knowledge. Results are discussed taking into account the differences obtained depending on lexicality and morpheme type (root or pattern)., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The aim of the given study consists in exploring the techniques of translation of the texts of Russian dip-lomatic discourse into Arabic. Full texts of speeches, speech transcripts and opening remarks of the Minister of Foreign Af-fairs of the Russian Federation S. V. Lavrov published on the site of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 2004 to 2018 and the available translations of these texts into Arabic served as material of analysis. The paper also analyzes the quotations from S.V. Lavrov’s speeches translated into Arabic and published on other Arabic sites., В статье рассматриваются приемы перевода текстов русского дипломатического дискурса на арабский язык. Материалом исследования послужили тексты выступлений, стенограмм выступлений и вступительные слова министра иностранных дел России С. В. Лаврова.

[EN] This overview paper describes the first shared task on irony detection for the Arabic language. The task consists of a binary classification of tweets as ironic or not using a dataset composed of 5,030 Arabic tweets about different political issues and events related to the Middle East and the Maghreb. Tweets in our dataset are written in Modern Standard Arabic but also in different Arabic language varieties including Egypt, Gulf, Levantine and Maghrebi dialects. Eighteen teams registered to the task among which ten submitted their runs. The methods of participants ranged from feature-based to neural networks using either classical machine learning techniques or ensemble methods. The best performing system achieved F-score value of 0.844, showing that classical feature-based models outperform the neural ones.

[EN] This overview paper describes the first shared task on irony detection for the Arabic language. The task consists of a binary classification of tweets as ironic or not using a dataset composed of 5,030 Arabic tweets about different political issues and events related to the Middle East and the Maghreb. Tweets in our dataset are written in Modern Standard Arabic but also in different Arabic language varieties including Egypt, Gulf, Levantine and Maghrebi dialects. Eighteen teams registered to the task among which ten submitted their runs. The methods of participants ranged from feature-based to neural networks using either classical machine learning techniques or ensemble methods. The best performing system achieved F-score value of 0.844, showing that classical feature-based models outperform the neural ones.

This article presents an analysis of the only known official Arabic document from the Sultanate of Sulu (Philippine Archipelago), a royal response by Sultan ʿAẓīm al-Dīn I (Alimudín) to the Spanish King Philip V, dated September 12, 1747. Among the consequences of this correspondence was a sojourn to Manila and the conversion of the sultan to Christianity. An edition of the Arabic text is herewith supplied, together with an edition with variant readings of the historical Spanish translation and, finally, a modern English translation of the original Arabic text.

Translating the Arabic Language into other languages engenders multiple linguistic problems, as no two languages can match, either in the meaning given to the conforming symbols or in the ways in which such symbols are arranged in phrases and sentences. Lexical, syntactic and semantic problems arise when translating the meaning of Arabic words into English. Machine translation (MT) into morphologically rich languages (MRL) poses many challenges, from handling a complex and rich vocabulary, to designing adequate MT metrics that take morphology into consideration. The task of recognizing and generating paraphrases is an essential component in many Arabic natural language processing (NLP) applications. A well-established machine translation approach for automatically extracting paraphrases, leverages bilingual corpora to find the equivalent meaning of phrases in a single language, is performed by "pivoting" over a shared translation in another language. Neural machine translation has recently become a viable alternative approach to the more widely-used statistical machine translation. In this thesis, we revisit bilingual pivoting in the context of neural machine translation and present a paraphrasing model based mainly on neural networks. The thesis we present also, highlights the key challenges for Arabic language translation into English, and Arabic. Experimental results across datasets confirm that neural paraphrases significantly outperform those obtained with statistical machine translation, and indicate high similarity correlation between our model and human translation, making our model attractive for real-world deployment.

This study aims to identify the level of YouTube application usage to teach Arabic listening skills and identify respondents’ perceptions on categories of materials in YouTube application that have been selected and collected. This study was a survey study using a questionnaire instrument to measure the level of YouTube application usage to teach Arabic listening skills to students and to investigate students’ perceptions on the selected materials. The research sample was 70 students of one public university in Malaysia who were selected using random sampling method. The data collection was done using a set of questionnaires covering various items of YouTube application usage in T&L Arabic language skills. The questionnaire was modified and adapted from Aziah Abdol Aziz & Parilah Mohd Shah (2014) study and has gone through the validity process with high alpha Cronbach value of 0.98. The findings show that the level of YouTube application usage in teaching Arabic listening skills is at a high level. Subsequently, students are likely to be attracted to the materials that feature interesting forms, graphics, audios and visuals, appropriate timeframes and the use of standard language (fusha)., Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar el nivel de uso de la aplicación de YouTube para enseñar habilidades de escucha en árabe e identificar las percepciones de los encuestados sobre las categorías de materiales en la aplicación de YouTube que se han seleccionado y recopilado. Este estudio fue un estudio de encuesta que utilizó un instrumento de cuestionario para medir el nivel de uso de la aplicación de YouTube para enseñar a los estudiantes habilidades de escucha en árabe e investigar las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre los materiales seleccionados. La muestra de investigación fue de 70 estudiantes de una universidad pública en Malasia que fueron seleccionados utilizando un método de muestreo aleatorio. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante un conjunto de cuestionarios que cubren varios elementos del uso de la aplicación de YouTube en las habilidades del idioma árabe T&L. El cuestionario fue modificado y adaptado del estudio de Aziah Abdol Aziz y Parilah Mohd Shah (2014) y ha pasado por el proceso de validez con un alto valor alfa de Cronbach de 0,98. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de uso de la aplicación de YouTube en la enseñanza de las habilidades de escucha en árabe es de alto nivel. Posteriormente, es probable que los estudiantes se sientan atraídos por los materiales que presentan formas interesantes, gráficos, audios y visuales, plazos adecuados y el uso de lenguaje estándar (fusha).

This study aims to identify the level of YouTube application usage to teach Arabic listening skills and identify respondents’ perceptions on categories of materials in YouTube application that have been selected and collected. This study was a survey study using a questionnaire instrument to measure the level of YouTube application usage to teach Arabic listening skills to students and to investigate students’ perceptions on the selected materials. The research sample was 70 students of one public university in Malaysia who were selected using random sampling method. The data collection was done using a set of questionnaires covering various items of YouTube application usage in T&L Arabic language skills. The questionnaire was modified and adapted from Aziah Abdol Aziz & Parilah Mohd Shah (2014) study and has gone through the validity process with high alpha Cronbach value of 0.98. The findings show that the level of YouTube application usage in teaching Arabic listening skills is at a high level. Subsequently, students are likely to be attracted to the materials that feature interesting forms, graphics, audios and visuals, appropriate timeframes and the use of standard language (fusha)., Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar el nivel de uso de la aplicación de YouTube para enseñar habilidades de escucha en árabe e identificar las percepciones de los encuestados sobre las categorías de materiales en la aplicación de YouTube que se han seleccionado y recopilado. Este estudio fue un estudio de encuesta que utilizó un instrumento de cuestionario para medir el nivel de uso de la aplicación de YouTube para enseñar a los estudiantes habilidades de escucha en árabe e investigar las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre los materiales seleccionados. La muestra de investigación fue de 70 estudiantes de una universidad pública en Malasia que fueron seleccionados utilizando un método de muestreo aleatorio. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante un conjunto de cuestionarios que cubren varios elementos del uso de la aplicación de YouTube en las habilidades del idioma árabe T&L. El cuestionario fue modificado y adaptado del estudio de Aziah Abdol Aziz y Parilah Mohd Shah (2014) y ha pasado por el proceso de validez con un alto valor alfa de Cronbach de 0,98. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de uso de la aplicación de YouTube en la enseñanza de las habilidades de escucha en árabe es de alto nivel. Posteriormente, es probable que los estudiantes se sientan atraídos por los materiales que presentan formas interesantes, gráficos, audios y visuales, plazos adecuados y el uso de lenguaje estándar (fusha).

This article presents an analysis of the only known official Arabic document from the Sultanate of Sulu (Philippine Archipelago), a royal response by Sultan ʿAẓīm al-Dīn I (Alimudín) to the Spanish King Philip V, dated September 12, 1747. Among the consequences of this correspondence was a sojourn to Manila and the conversion of the sultan to Christianity. An edition of the Arabic text is herewith supplied, together with an edition with variant readings of the historical Spanish translation and, finally, a modern English translation of the original Arabic text.

This study aims to identify the level of YouTube application usage to teach Arabic listening skills and identify respondents’ perceptions on categories of materials in YouTube application that have been selected and collected. This study was a survey study using a questionnaire instrument to measure the level of YouTube application usage to teach Arabic listening skills to students and to investigate students’ perceptions on the selected materials. The research sample was 70 students of one public university in Malaysia who were selected using random sampling method. The data collection was done using a set of questionnaires covering various items of YouTube application usage in T&L Arabic language skills. The questionnaire was modified and adapted from Aziah Abdol Aziz & Parilah Mohd Shah (2014) study and has gone through the validity process with high alpha Cronbach value of 0.98. The findings show that the level of YouTube application usage in teaching Arabic listening skills is at a high level. Subsequently, students are likely to be attracted to the materials that feature interesting forms, graphics, audios and visuals, appropriate timeframes and the use of standard language (fusha)., Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar el nivel de uso de la aplicación de YouTube para enseñar habilidades de escucha en árabe e identificar las percepciones de los encuestados sobre las categorías de materiales en la aplicación de YouTube que se han seleccionado y recopilado. Este estudio fue un estudio de encuesta que utilizó un instrumento de cuestionario para medir el nivel de uso de la aplicación de YouTube para enseñar a los estudiantes habilidades de escucha en árabe e investigar las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre los materiales seleccionados. La muestra de investigación fue de 70 estudiantes de una universidad pública en Malasia que fueron seleccionados utilizando un método de muestreo aleatorio. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante un conjunto de cuestionarios que cubren varios elementos del uso de la aplicación de YouTube en las habilidades del idioma árabe T&L. El cuestionario fue modificado y adaptado del estudio de Aziah Abdol Aziz y Parilah Mohd Shah (2014) y ha pasado por el proceso de validez con un alto valor alfa de Cronbach de 0,98. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de uso de la aplicación de YouTube en la enseñanza de las habilidades de escucha en árabe es de alto nivel. Posteriormente, es probable que los estudiantes se sientan atraídos por los materiales que presentan formas interesantes, gráficos, audios y visuales, plazos adecuados y el uso de lenguaje estándar (fusha).

Las lenguas que se extienden fuera de su ámbito florístico original desarrollan, para denominar especies nuevas, unos mecanismos que mantienen su vigencia cuando las lenguas detienen su expansión y quedan estabilizadas: el español y el árabe han sufrido un proceso paralelo para crear fitónimos vernáculos ante una especie exótica: Adquisición de un término también exótico, readaptación de un término patrimonial que adquiere un nuevo significado o creación de un fitónimo enteramente nuevo. En el artículo se analizan estos mecanismos para denominar especies americanas del género Opuntia Mill. en el árabe de Marruecos en paralelo con el español. Se relacionan en torno a dieciséis vernáculos marroquíes y se plantea una hipótesis sobre el español chumbera y su cognado árabe oriental ṣubbāra/ṣubbayra., The languages that extend outside their original floristic sphere develop, to denominate new species, some mechanisms that remain their validity in force when the languages stop their expansion and are stabilized: Spanish and Arabic have gone through a parallel process to create vernacular names of plants before an exotic species: Acquisition of a term also exotic, readaptation of a patrimonial term that acquires a new meaning, or the creation of an entirely new plant name. In the article we analize these mechanisms to denominate American species of the genus Opuntia Mill. in the Moroccan Arabic in parallel with the Spanish. Around sixteen Moroccan vernaculars was mentioned and a hypothesis is raised about the Spanish chumbera (prickly pear cactus) and its cognate oriental Arabic ṣubbāra/ṣubbayra.

The debate is still ongoing regarding the link between verbal short-term memory and long-term memory. This debate is built on a long history of research that has examined only a limited number of linguistic features, mainly phonological elements. It is suggested that phonological encoding in STM can be extended to phonological representations in the mental lexicon. However, semantic information can also influence STM performance. Thus, the link between verbal short-term memory and long-term memory cannot be ignored. These long-term memory effects in STM have mostly been shown in serial recall performance; the typical measure that has been used to examine short-term memory because it requires immediate recall of information in serial order. Variables that reflect long-term memory factors have been manipulated in this task in a few different ways, but can be categorised into two approaches.

A Master of Arts thesis in Translation and Interpreting MATI (English/Arabic/English) by Rana Ahmad Salah entitled, “Translation by Propagandist Media MEMRI as a Case Study”, submitted in March 2017. Thesis advisor is Dr. Said Faiq. Soft and hard copy available., The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) TV is a media agency which portrays, to an English-speaking audience, a stereotypical representation of Islam through subjective and selective translation. Despite its accurate translations on a linguistic level, MEMRI practices paralinguistic manipulation through its selective choices for translation to further its ideological agenda. This thesis aims to explore MEMRI’s skopos-driven selective translation by discussing two narratives it constructs: the Allahu-Akbar narrative and the terrorisation of childhood narrative. The consequences of this Islamophobic frame by such narratives are then investigated. In conclusion, the impact of MEMRI’s selective approach to translation is proven to be a biased strategy for the achievement of its political purposes and the reinforcement of Islamophobic discourse., College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Arabic and Translation Studies

This study aimed at investigating the impact of virtual trips on developing Arabic language oral skills among third grade students in Jordan. The researchers used a quasi-experimental design to answer the research questions. The study sample consisted of 48 students who were chosen purposely. The participants were divided randomly into two groups: 1) experimental group that consisted of 24 students who were taught by using a Virtual Trip Model (VTM), and 2) control group which consisted of 24 students who were taught by using a traditional method of teaching. To achieve the study objectives, the researchers developed a content-based VTM and achievement test to measure Arabic language oral skills. Reliability and validity of the study instruments were checked. To answer the study questions, means and standard deviations were calculated, and ANCOVA test was used. Study results revealed that there were statistically significant differences (α=0.05) between means of students’ achievement test scores attributed to teaching method variable, and in favor of the experimental group. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences (α=0.05) between means of students’ achievements test scores attributed to gender variable, and the interaction between teaching method and gender variables. Additional implications and future recommendations were argued, Peer Reviewed

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