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We found very few data in the preserved sources on the attitude of the Libyan population under the rule of Carthage during the Roman campaign of Regulus in Africa in 256-255 B.C. This is undoubtedly due to the nature of the original sources of those we have on the matter (mainly Polybius, Diodorus and Cassius Dio-Zonaras, also Appian), all of them focused on the confrontation between Rome and Carthage and — more concretely — on the merits of Regulus (those sources originally pro-Roman) and of Xanthippus (those pro-Carthaginians, with Philinus, probably, the first of them) — It is clear, however, the Libyan and Numidian implication in the contest, although in different ways. This Libyan involvement will have important consequences in the development of the last phase of the war and announced problems that Carthage will face in Africa as a result of the mercenary riot of Sicily in 241-240 B.C., Tenemos muy pocos datos en las fuentes conservadas sobre la actitud de la población líbica sometida a Cartago durante la campaña de invasión romana de Régulo en 256-255 a. C. Esto se debe sin duda a la naturaleza de las fuentes originales (principalmente Polibio, Diodoro y Dion Casio-Zonaras), centradas en el enfrentamiento entre Roma y Cartago y —más concretamente— en el mérito y hazañas de Régulo (las originalmente pro-romanas) y de Jantipo (las pro-cartaginesas, con Filino, probablemente, a la cabeza), que pretenden encarecer. — Esta actitud líbica se infiere a partir de algunos pasajes, especialmente de Dion Casio-Zonaras. Queda clara, sin embargo, la implicación líbica y númida en la contienda. Esta implicación líbica tendrá consecuencias importantes en el desarrollo de la última fase de la guerra y anuncia los problemas con los que se enfrentará Cartago en África a raíz del motín de los mercenarios de Sicilia en 241-240 a. C.

We found very few data in the preserved sources on the attitude of the Libyan population under the rule of Carthage during the Roman campaign of Regulus in Africa in 256-255 B.C. This is undoubtedly due to the nature of the original sources of those we have on the matter (mainly Polybius, Diodorus and Cassius Dio-Zonaras, also Appian), all of them focused on the confrontation between Rome and Carthage and — more concretely — on the merits of Regulus (those sources originally pro-Roman) and of Xanthippus (those pro-Carthaginians, with Philinus, probably, the first of them) — It is clear, however, the Libyan and Numidian implication in the contest, although in different ways. This Libyan involvement will have important consequences in the development of the last phase of the war and announced problems that Carthage will face in Africa as a result of the mercenary riot of Sicily in 241-240 B.C., Tenemos muy pocos datos en las fuentes conservadas sobre la actitud de la población líbica sometida a Cartago durante la campaña de invasión romana de Régulo en 256-255 a. C. Esto se debe sin duda a la naturaleza de las fuentes originales (principalmente Polibio, Diodoro y Dion Casio-Zonaras), centradas en el enfrentamiento entre Roma y Cartago y —más concretamente— en el mérito y hazañas de Régulo (las originalmente pro-romanas) y de Jantipo (las pro-cartaginesas, con Filino, probablemente, a la cabeza), que pretenden encarecer. — Esta actitud líbica se infiere a partir de algunos pasajes, especialmente de Dion Casio-Zonaras. Queda clara, sin embargo, la implicación líbica y númida en la contienda. Esta implicación líbica tendrá consecuencias importantes en el desarrollo de la última fase de la guerra y anuncia los problemas con los que se enfrentará Cartago en África a raíz del motín de los mercenarios de Sicilia en 241-240 a. C.

In this thesis, a method was developed, with which the infragravity waves and morphological changes of a sandy foreshore are included in the calculation of the probability of dike failure due to wave overtopping. Constructing a natural foreshore in front of the dike can be an attractive and innovative method to decrease the failure probability. However, the uncertainty in the morphological development of these foreshores leads to uncertainty with respect to their contribution in protection against flooding. The morphological stability of a foreshore during extreme conditions is not well known. The current Dutch safety assessment tools do not yet include the infragravity waves and morphological changes of a foreshore during a storm. Hence, it is not yet possible to guarantee the robustness and safety of dike-foreshore system. This thesis considered hybrid defences (dike-foreshore systems), where the dike is still of importance in the protection of the hinterland. The considered hybrid defence was a schematized version of the Westkapelle sea defence, located at the coast of Walcheren in the Netherlands. The morphological changes of the foreshore calculated in this thesis, were the changes during (severe) storms. Because a single model that includes all the different relevant processes does not exist, a model framework or ‘model train’ was developed, in which different models were combined. The modelling framework best fit to solve the research questions was determined as a combination of XBeach hydrostatic, the EurOtop formulae and the probabilistic method Adaptive Directional Importance Sampling (ADIS). Including infragravity waves (and wave set-up) lead to much larger failure probabilities for the hybrid defence considered in this thesis. This difference is mainly caused by the difference in wave period at the toe of the dike. Including the morphological changes lead to a somewhat larger failure probability. The fact that this difference was not that large, was main, Hydraulic Structures & Flood Risk, Hydraulic Engineering, Civil Engineering and Geosciences

In this thesis, a method was developed, with which the infragravity waves and morphological changes of a sandy foreshore are included in the calculation of the probability of dike failure due to wave overtopping. Constructing a natural foreshore in front of the dike can be an attractive and innovative method to decrease the failure probability. However, the uncertainty in the morphological development of these foreshores leads to uncertainty with respect to their contribution in protection against flooding. The morphological stability of a foreshore during extreme conditions is not well known. The current Dutch safety assessment tools do not yet include the infragravity waves and morphological changes of a foreshore during a storm. Hence, it is not yet possible to guarantee the robustness and safety of dike-foreshore system. This thesis considered hybrid defences (dike-foreshore systems), where the dike is still of importance in the protection of the hinterland. The considered hybrid defence was a schematized version of the Westkapelle sea defence, located at the coast of Walcheren in the Netherlands. The morphological changes of the foreshore calculated in this thesis, were the changes during (severe) storms. Because a single model that includes all the different relevant processes does not exist, a model framework or ‘model train’ was developed, in which different models were combined. The modelling framework best fit to solve the research questions was determined as a combination of XBeach hydrostatic, the EurOtop formulae and the probabilistic method Adaptive Directional Importance Sampling (ADIS). Including infragravity waves (and wave set-up) lead to much larger failure probabilities for the hybrid defence considered in this thesis. This difference is mainly caused by the difference in wave period at the toe of the dike. Including the morphological changes lead to a somewhat larger failure probability. The fact that this difference was not that large, was main, Hydraulic Structures & Flood Risk, Hydraulic Engineering, Civil Engineering and Geosciences

La profilaxis que proporciona el preservativo en la lucha general contra las ETS es ante todo ideológico, Depto. de Derecho Internacional, Eclesiástico y Filosofía del Derecho, Fac. de Derecho, FALSE, pub

In order to detect movements and vibrations on different appliance, especially robots and self-going devices are used different sensors. One of the most used movement sensors are accelerometers. They are three different types of accelerometers one-axes, two-axes and three-axes. They can be analogue or digital. Husqvarna AB uses an accelerometer to detect movements of their self-going lawnmower Automower. Since it begins to turn up others sensors on the market and the sensor which today uses in Husqvarna’s lawnmower don’t fulfils all functions there is a need to find other solutions. What sensors can be found on a market and which new has come? How can they be used best and which difference is between them? How can they use to detect movements in x, y and z direction and how can they read different movements to detect collision, inclination and lift? Sensor analysis will be done to find out how they can be used in this matter and an big analysis will be done to find out how a sensor witch already is in a lawnmower can be use on the better ways?, För att kunna detektera rörelse och vibrationer på olika anordningar och framförallt robotar och självgående maskiner används olika sensorer. En av de mest använda rörelsesensorer är accelerometer. Det finns en uppsjö av olika utföringar som kan vara med en axel, två axlar eller tre axlar. Accelerometrar finns som digitala eller analoga. Husqvarna AB använder en sådan sensor för att detektera rörelse på sin självgående gräsklippare Automower. Eftersom det börjar dyka upp andra sensorer på marknaden och den sensor som används idag uppfyller inte alla funktioner finns det behov av att lägga tid på att se vad kan åstadkommas med en sådan sensor. Vilka sensorer kan hittas på marknaden och vilka nya har dykt upp? Hur kan de användas på bästa sätt och vad skiljer de åt? Hur kan de användas för att detektera rörelse i x, y, z-led och hur kan de läsa av olika rörelse för att detektera krock, lutning och lyft? Det skall göras analys för att se hur olika sensorer reagerar och hur kan de användas på bästa sätt. Det skall utforskas hur den sensor som redan sitter kan användas på ett bättre sätt.

In order to detect movements and vibrations on different appliance, especially robots and self-going devices are used different sensors. One of the most used movement sensors are accelerometers. They are three different types of accelerometers one-axes, two-axes and three-axes. They can be analogue or digital. Husqvarna AB uses an accelerometer to detect movements of their self-going lawnmower Automower. Since it begins to turn up others sensors on the market and the sensor which today uses in Husqvarna’s lawnmower don’t fulfils all functions there is a need to find other solutions. What sensors can be found on a market and which new has come? How can they be used best and which difference is between them? How can they use to detect movements in x, y and z direction and how can they read different movements to detect collision, inclination and lift? Sensor analysis will be done to find out how they can be used in this matter and an big analysis will be done to find out how a sensor witch already is in a lawnmower can be use on the better ways?, För att kunna detektera rörelse och vibrationer på olika anordningar och framförallt robotar och självgående maskiner används olika sensorer. En av de mest använda rörelsesensorer är accelerometer. Det finns en uppsjö av olika utföringar som kan vara med en axel, två axlar eller tre axlar. Accelerometrar finns som digitala eller analoga. Husqvarna AB använder en sådan sensor för att detektera rörelse på sin självgående gräsklippare Automower. Eftersom det börjar dyka upp andra sensorer på marknaden och den sensor som används idag uppfyller inte alla funktioner finns det behov av att lägga tid på att se vad kan åstadkommas med en sådan sensor. Vilka sensorer kan hittas på marknaden och vilka nya har dykt upp? Hur kan de användas på bästa sätt och vad skiljer de åt? Hur kan de användas för att detektera rörelse i x, y, z-led och hur kan de läsa av olika rörelse för att detektera krock, lutning och lyft? Det skall göras analys för att se hur olika sensorer reagerar och hur kan de användas på bästa sätt. Det skall utforskas hur den sensor som redan sitter kan användas på ett bättre sätt.