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Media is something the public comes in contact with on a daily basis. Through numerous platforms, their overall goal is to spread information, messages, and pique interest. The power that the media has also means that they have a great influence on the public's perceptions and opinions about what is right and wrong. At the same time, social media has also become an increasingly common approach to spread information in a faster way than before. This study aims to investigate how corporate scandals are portrayed by the media. Furthermore, this study aims to examine how the media's reporting of corporate scandals has changed over the years. The study has adopted a social constructivist research approach as the study touches on what is considered right and wrong from an ethical perspective. The study is a document study that examines three different corporate scandals based on 105 Swedish articles. Each corporate scandal has 35 articles designed in three tables. The 105 Swedish articles are news articles from various morning- and evening newspapers. A conclusion drawn in the study is that only one of the articles refers to social media and that social media thus has a low impact on the media reporting of these scandals. This is partly due to the fact that two of the scandals investigated took place during a period where social media was not as developed as it is today, but the third is important to point out the reason why social media influence exists at the time of the scandal. Furthermore, it is also concluded that it is primarily the company management who were portrayed as the culprits by the media, and that the focus shifted from the organization in question. The absence of social media means that only traditional media sources controls the story of the corporate scandals.This is clearly shown among the articles as they focus on blaming the individuals behind the scandals in order to apply the idea of the guilty towards the innocent which piques a greater inter, Media är något allmänheten kommer i kontakt med dagligen. Via olika plattformar är deras övergripande mål primärt att sprida information, budskap, och väcka intresse. Denna makt som media behärskar innebär även att de har en stor påverkan på allmänhetens uppfattningar och åsikter kring vad som är rätt och fel. Samtidigt har även sociala medier blivit ett alltmer vanligare tillvägagångssätt för att sprida information på ett snabbare sätt än tidigare. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur olika företagsskandaler framställs i media. Vidare syftar studien även till att undersöka hur medias rapportering av företagsskandaler förändrats genom åren. Studien har antagit en socialkonstruktivistiskt forskningsansats då studien berör vad som anses rätt och fel ur ett etiskt perspektiv. Studien är en dokumentstudie som undersöker tre olika företagsskandaler utifrån 105 svenska artiklar. Varje företagsskandal har 35 artiklar utformade i varsin tabell. De 105 svenska artiklarna är nyhetsartiklar från diverse morgon – och kvällstidningar. En slutsats som dras i studien är sociala medier och dess påverkan på medias framställning av skandaler är svag eftersom endast en av de berörda artiklarna refererar till sociala medier. Detta beror delvis på att två av de undersökta företagsskandalerna skedde under en period där sociala medier inte var lika utvecklat i den grad som den är idag, men den tredje är viktig att poängtera av den orsaken att sociala mediers påverkan existerade vid skandalens tidpunkt. Vidare dras även slutsatsen att det primärt är företagsledningen som framställs som de skyldiga av media, och att fokuset försvann från organisationen i fråga. Sociala mediers frånvaro bland rapporteringen innebär att enbart traditionell media styr narrativet av företagsskandalerna. Detta visas tydligt bland artiklarna då de fokuserar på att skuldbelägga individerna bakom skandalerna för att kunna applicera idén om de skyldiga gentemot de oskyldiga som väcker ett större intresse och d

Media is something the public comes in contact with on a daily basis. Through numerous platforms, their overall goal is to spread information, messages, and pique interest. The power that the media has also means that they have a great influence on the public's perceptions and opinions about what is right and wrong. At the same time, social media has also become an increasingly common approach to spread information in a faster way than before. This study aims to investigate how corporate scandals are portrayed by the media. Furthermore, this study aims to examine how the media's reporting of corporate scandals has changed over the years. The study has adopted a social constructivist research approach as the study touches on what is considered right and wrong from an ethical perspective. The study is a document study that examines three different corporate scandals based on 105 Swedish articles. Each corporate scandal has 35 articles designed in three tables. The 105 Swedish articles are news articles from various morning- and evening newspapers. A conclusion drawn in the study is that only one of the articles refers to social media and that social media thus has a low impact on the media reporting of these scandals. This is partly due to the fact that two of the scandals investigated took place during a period where social media was not as developed as it is today, but the third is important to point out the reason why social media influence exists at the time of the scandal. Furthermore, it is also concluded that it is primarily the company management who were portrayed as the culprits by the media, and that the focus shifted from the organization in question. The absence of social media means that only traditional media sources controls the story of the corporate scandals.This is clearly shown among the articles as they focus on blaming the individuals behind the scandals in order to apply the idea of the guilty towards the innocent which piques a greater inter, Media är något allmänheten kommer i kontakt med dagligen. Via olika plattformar är deras övergripande mål primärt att sprida information, budskap, och väcka intresse. Denna makt som media behärskar innebär även att de har en stor påverkan på allmänhetens uppfattningar och åsikter kring vad som är rätt och fel. Samtidigt har även sociala medier blivit ett alltmer vanligare tillvägagångssätt för att sprida information på ett snabbare sätt än tidigare. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur olika företagsskandaler framställs i media. Vidare syftar studien även till att undersöka hur medias rapportering av företagsskandaler förändrats genom åren. Studien har antagit en socialkonstruktivistiskt forskningsansats då studien berör vad som anses rätt och fel ur ett etiskt perspektiv. Studien är en dokumentstudie som undersöker tre olika företagsskandaler utifrån 105 svenska artiklar. Varje företagsskandal har 35 artiklar utformade i varsin tabell. De 105 svenska artiklarna är nyhetsartiklar från diverse morgon – och kvällstidningar. En slutsats som dras i studien är sociala medier och dess påverkan på medias framställning av skandaler är svag eftersom endast en av de berörda artiklarna refererar till sociala medier. Detta beror delvis på att två av de undersökta företagsskandalerna skedde under en period där sociala medier inte var lika utvecklat i den grad som den är idag, men den tredje är viktig att poängtera av den orsaken att sociala mediers påverkan existerade vid skandalens tidpunkt. Vidare dras även slutsatsen att det primärt är företagsledningen som framställs som de skyldiga av media, och att fokuset försvann från organisationen i fråga. Sociala mediers frånvaro bland rapporteringen innebär att enbart traditionell media styr narrativet av företagsskandalerna. Detta visas tydligt bland artiklarna då de fokuserar på att skuldbelägga individerna bakom skandalerna för att kunna applicera idén om de skyldiga gentemot de oskyldiga som väcker ett större intresse och d

This paper investigates how ethics is incorporated in the qualification process for prospective professional accountants across Australia and New Zealand. It does so by examining the structure of these qualification processes and by analysing the learning objectives and summarised content for ethics courses that prospective accountants take either at university or through the post-degree programs provided by CPA Australia and Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand. We do this to understand how the ‘sandwich’ approach to teaching ethics (Armstrong, Journal of Accounting Education 11(1):77–92, 1993) is implemented. This approach advocates a standalone ethics course, followed by ethical cases that are integrated across accounting courses, and subsequently a capstone course that combines ethics and professionalism. We test the extent to which this approach is adopted and examine how its application relates to the components of moral behaviour (Rest, Moral development: Advances in research and theory, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1986). The results provide three significant contributions. The first is that the ‘sandwich’ approach is not in place for most prospective accountants as only a minority of programs include a mandatory course with a substantial ethics component, and this is more likely in undergraduate rather than postgraduate programs. The second contribution is that although moral sensitivity and moral judgement are widely considered, little attention is given to issues of moral motivation and moral character. We suggest that change is unlikely without explicit ethical education requirements from the professional accounting bodies. The paper also makes a final contribution by proposing a more nuanced typology characterising the degree to which ethics is incorporated in particular courses.

[ES] Tras 25 años del nacimiento como disciplina de la educación de la ética en la contabilidad, este estudio tiene como objetivo mapear el conocimiento existente en el campo mediante la realización de una revisión sistemática de la literatura de 21 investigaciones empíricas publicadas en la base de datos Scopus desde 1993 a 2018. En consecuencia, este estudio también sugiere nuevas vías y perspectivas para futuras investigaciones, estructurando los artículos en tres niveles principales de análisis: el ambiental, el universitario y el individual. El análisis utilizado ayuda a identificar los focos principales de la literatura, mostrando un estado todavía incipiente. Este estudio resulta novedoso en ser el primero en proporcionar y discutir las variables clave utilizadas en la literatura existente: el género, la edad y el haber cursado asignaturas de ética contable., [EN] This study aims to map the knowledge of accounting ethics education literature by conducting a systematic literature review of 21 empirical research published on the Scopus database for the period 1993 to 2018. This study also suggests new avenues and insights for future research by analyzing and classifying the articles into three main levels (environmental, university, and individual), which would help to find the main focus of researchers and draw a clear picture of literature gap. It is also by far the first study to provide and discuss the key variables (gender, age, accounting ethics course) used by previous studies.

Uppfattning om gott och ont, vad som är rätt och fel, kan kraftigt skilja sig mellan olika individer. Hur en människa uppfattar och hanterar begreppet etik är unikt för varje enskild individ i samhället. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur redovisare och revisorer ser på redovisningsetik och om de använder ett etiskt förhållningssätt och handlingssätt i sitt dagliga arbete. Vidare undersöker studien medias framställning av redovisningsrelaterade företagsskandaler, dess effekter och hur media påverkar involverade parter. Studien utgår från ett abduktivt forskningsperspektiv. Studien består av en medieanalys där fyra olika företagsskandaler analyseras utifrån sammanlagt tolv dagstidningsartiklar. Medieanalysen är komparativ eftersom en jämförelse mellan de olika artiklarna inom de fyra företagsskandalerna har skett i form av en innehållsanalys. Vidare innefattar studien även en innehållsanalys av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer. Respondenterna består av yrkesaktiva redovisare och revisorer. Intervjuerna analyseras genom en kvalitativ ansats, där meningen i det som sägs är huvudfokus. En slutsats som studien drar är att etiska beslut är svåra att fatta, eftersom de ska följa lagar och förordningar samtidigt som de ska vara anpassade till individens, samhällets och företagets bästa. Vidare ser vi genom studien att medias framställning av företagsskandaler påverkar människors uppfattning av de inblandade företagen, branscherna och individerna i skandalen. Där de inblandade ofta står försvarslösa till den bild som media målar upp av dem. Av detta framkommer en slags dominoeffekt, där media påverkar samhällets bild av en individ, som i sin tur även påverkar samhällets bild av företaget som individen är kopplad till. Effekterna av medias framställning av företagsskandaler kan då bli kraftiga. Eftersom ett företag inte kan gå mot samhällets förväntningar. Om detta var fallet skulle de kunna förlora sitt “lov att verka” på marknaden. Ett förslag på vidare forskning är e, Perception of what is deemed good and bad, what is right or wrong, can greatly differ between individuals. How a person perceives and manages the concept of ethics is unique to each individual in society. The purpose of the study is thus to investigate how accountants and auditors view accounting ethics and how they use an ethical approach in their daily work. Furthermore, the study examines the effects of media's presentation of accounting-related corporate scandals and how media affects the involved parties. The study is based on an abductive research method. The study consists of a media analysis of four corporate scandals that are analyzed based on a total of twelve news articles. The media analysis is conducted by a comparative content analysis where a comparison of the various articles within the four scandals is made. The study also includes a content analysis of four semi-structured interviews. The respondents who have been chosen for the interviews are professionally active accountants and auditors. These interviews are analyzed through a qualitative approach, where the meaning of the word is analyzed. A conclusion that the study draws is that ethical decisions are difficult to make, as they must comply with laws and regulations while at the same time being adapted to the individual's, society's and the company's best. Furthermore, through the study, we see that media portrayal of corporate scandals affects people's perceptions of companies, industries and individuals involved. Where those involved often stand defenseless to the image that the media portray. This results in a kind of domino effect, where the media affects society's image of an individual, which in turn also affect society's image of the company the individual are linked to. The effects of the media's presentation of corporate scandals can therefore be severe, since a company cannot go against society's expectations. If this were to be the case, they could lose their “license to operate” in

The article analyzes how state policies, influenced by private interests, reinforce and expand social inequality and give rise to an accounting ethic that does not question actions and is aimed at satisfying corporate interests. It shows how states are absorbed by organizations that pursue short-term benefits and totalitarian control of the economy. The topic of leaks related to offshore organizations and tax havens is examined, revealing the ethical deterioration of the accounting professional. Finally, it is concluded that the public accountant must be guarantor of public trust and that his actions have social repercussions., O artigo analisa como as políticas estaduais, influenciadas por interesses privados, reforçam e ampliam a desigualdade social e dão origem a uma ética contábil que não questiona ações e visa à satisfação de interesses corporativos. Mostra como os estados são absorvidos pelas organizações que buscam benefícios de curto prazo e controle totalitário da economia. O tópico de vazamentos relacionados a organizações offshore e paraísos fiscais é examinado, revelando a deterioração ética do profissional contábil. Por fim, conclui-se que o contador público deve ser garante da confiança do público e que suas ações têm repercussões sociais., El artículo analiza cómo las políticas estatales, influidas por intereses privados, refuerzan y expanden la desigualdad social y dan lugar a una ética contable que no cuestiona las acciones y se orienta a satisfacer intereses corporativos. Se evidencia cómo los estados son absorbidos por organizaciones que persiguen beneficios a corto plazo y por el control totalitario de la economía. Se examina el tema de las filtraciones relacionadas con organizaciones offshore y paraísos fiscales, develando el deterioro ético del profesional contable. Finalmente, se concluye que el contador público debe ser garante de confianza pública y que sus acciones tienen repercusiones sociales.

Uppfattning om gott och ont, vad som är rätt och fel, kan kraftigt skilja sig mellan olika individer. Hur en människa uppfattar och hanterar begreppet etik är unikt för varje enskild individ i samhället. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur redovisare och revisorer ser på redovisningsetik och om de använder ett etiskt förhållningssätt och handlingssätt i sitt dagliga arbete. Vidare undersöker studien medias framställning av redovisningsrelaterade företagsskandaler, dess effekter och hur media påverkar involverade parter. Studien utgår från ett abduktivt forskningsperspektiv. Studien består av en medieanalys där fyra olika företagsskandaler analyseras utifrån sammanlagt tolv dagstidningsartiklar. Medieanalysen är komparativ eftersom en jämförelse mellan de olika artiklarna inom de fyra företagsskandalerna har skett i form av en innehållsanalys. Vidare innefattar studien även en innehållsanalys av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer. Respondenterna består av yrkesaktiva redovisare och revisorer. Intervjuerna analyseras genom en kvalitativ ansats, där meningen i det som sägs är huvudfokus. En slutsats som studien drar är att etiska beslut är svåra att fatta, eftersom de ska följa lagar och förordningar samtidigt som de ska vara anpassade till individens, samhällets och företagets bästa. Vidare ser vi genom studien att medias framställning av företagsskandaler påverkar människors uppfattning av de inblandade företagen, branscherna och individerna i skandalen. Där de inblandade ofta står försvarslösa till den bild som media målar upp av dem. Av detta framkommer en slags dominoeffekt, där media påverkar samhällets bild av en individ, som i sin tur även påverkar samhällets bild av företaget som individen är kopplad till. Effekterna av medias framställning av företagsskandaler kan då bli kraftiga. Eftersom ett företag inte kan gå mot samhällets förväntningar. Om detta var fallet skulle de kunna förlora sitt “lov att verka” på marknaden. Ett förslag på vidare forskning är e, Perception of what is deemed good and bad, what is right or wrong, can greatly differ between individuals. How a person perceives and manages the concept of ethics is unique to each individual in society. The purpose of the study is thus to investigate how accountants and auditors view accounting ethics and how they use an ethical approach in their daily work. Furthermore, the study examines the effects of media's presentation of accounting-related corporate scandals and how media affects the involved parties. The study is based on an abductive research method. The study consists of a media analysis of four corporate scandals that are analyzed based on a total of twelve news articles. The media analysis is conducted by a comparative content analysis where a comparison of the various articles within the four scandals is made. The study also includes a content analysis of four semi-structured interviews. The respondents who have been chosen for the interviews are professionally active accountants and auditors. These interviews are analyzed through a qualitative approach, where the meaning of the word is analyzed. A conclusion that the study draws is that ethical decisions are difficult to make, as they must comply with laws and regulations while at the same time being adapted to the individual's, society's and the company's best. Furthermore, through the study, we see that media portrayal of corporate scandals affects people's perceptions of companies, industries and individuals involved. Where those involved often stand defenseless to the image that the media portray. This results in a kind of domino effect, where the media affects society's image of an individual, which in turn also affect society's image of the company the individual are linked to. The effects of the media's presentation of corporate scandals can therefore be severe, since a company cannot go against society's expectations. If this were to be the case, they could lose their “license to operate” in

The techniques that some large multinational corporations use to reduce their tax liability have come under increasing public scrutiny in recent years, alongside governmental investigations and international commitments aimed at curbing opportunities for tax avoidance. Although discussion of tax avoidance activities, and their regulatory responses, is often conducted with reference to moral concepts (such as ‘fairness’), philosophical analysis of the ethics of multinational tax avoidance remains limited. In particular, the virtue ethics tradition, that emphasises the agent (and his/her character), and the performance of specific roles has not been considered in detail. This paper examines how the contemporary virtue ethics of Alasdair MacIntyre can be applied to the issue of multinational tax avoidance, and considers the role that accountants play in these activities. It argues, firstly, that MacIntyre’s approach provides a more useful philosophical analysis of the issue (when compared to utilitarian and deontological approaches for example), and secondly, that the main parties involved (MNC accountants and regulators) are likely to agree with the main tenets of this approach. The paper also contributes by reconceptualising, using MacIntyre’s scheme, the issue of tax avoidance in relation to Donald Cressey’s ‘fraud triangle’.

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2455-6, In recent years, and in close connection with a number of well-known financial malpractice cases, public debate on business ethics has intensified worldwide, and particularly in ethics-unfriendly environments, such as Spain, with many recent fraud and corruption scandals. In the context of rowing consensus on the need of balancing social prosperity and business profits, concern is increasing for introducing business (and particularly accounting) ethics in higher education curricula. The purpose is to improve ethical behaviour of future business people, and of accounting professionals in particular. In this study, from a sample of 551 business students at a Spanish university, the importance of accounting ethics is investigated. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we attempt to examine students overall perceptions of business ethics in unfriendly environments and, specifically, their views on the importance and goals of accounting ethics education. Second, we intend to investigate whether potential differences in such perceptions depend on previous business ethics courses taken, gender, and age of students. Our results show that those students who have previously taken an ethics course are especially prone to considering that accounting education should include ethical considerations, and show greater interest in further introducing this subject in their curricula. These facts should encourage universities offering business degrees in ethicsunfriendly environments to extend the implementation of ethics courses in their curricula. Besides, significant differences in students perceptions on the importance of accounting ethics are found depending on their gender and age. In line with previous research findings, female and older students show more ethical inclinations than, respectively, male and younger students. Thus, ethics-unfriendly environments can be treated as contexts where general trends on students ethical attitudes are also clearly visible. This fact, to

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2455-6, In recent years, and in close connection with a number of well-known financial malpractice cases, public debate on business ethics has intensified worldwide, and particularly in ethics-unfriendly environments, such as Spain, with many recent fraud and corruption scandals. In the context of rowing consensus on the need of balancing social prosperity and business profits, concern is increasing for introducing business (and particularly accounting) ethics in higher education curricula. The purpose is to improve ethical behaviour of future business people, and of accounting professionals in particular. In this study, from a sample of 551 business students at a Spanish university, the importance of accounting ethics is investigated. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we attempt to examine students overall perceptions of business ethics in unfriendly environments and, specifically, their views on the importance and goals of accounting ethics education. Second, we intend to investigate whether potential differences in such perceptions depend on previous business ethics courses taken, gender, and age of students. Our results show that those students who have previously taken an ethics course are especially prone to considering that accounting education should include ethical considerations, and show greater interest in further introducing this subject in their curricula. These facts should encourage universities offering business degrees in ethicsunfriendly environments to extend the implementation of ethics courses in their curricula. Besides, significant differences in students perceptions on the importance of accounting ethics are found depending on their gender and age. In line with previous research findings, female and older students show more ethical inclinations than, respectively, male and younger students. Thus, ethics-unfriendly environments can be treated as contexts where general trends on students ethical attitudes are also clearly visible. This fact, to

Recent years have witnessed an increase in the emphasis on accountability and transparency in both private and public sectors, largely because of a need to optimize efficiencies and productivity. Accompanying this trend has been an increasing appreciation of the centrality of ethics in public life. A key profession in meeting these demands is the accounting profession. An often-understated aspect of the accounting profession that strives to ensure adherence to ethics by accounting professionals is accounting ethics, which is defined as an example of professional ethics and, in particular, the study and practice of moral values and judgments in the field of applied ethics as they apply to accountancy. Against this background and with a specific focus on Bloemfontein, this study sought answers from the following research question: (i) Why are accounting ethics important/critical to the accounting profession? To answer the above, the secondary objectives of the study were: (a) To identify the development of accounting ethics in accounting as a profession. (b) To assess the importance of accounting ethics in the accounting profession in Bloemfontein. (c) To evaluate the role of accounting ethics education in the accounting profession among stakeholders in Bloemfontein and thereafter map the range of these stakeholder perceptions. The research methods used was a quantitative approach through the use of questionnaires. Questionnaires were coded and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results from questionnaire data show a high percentage of the sampled population being aware of accounting ethics and that they chose to be ethical in their business decisions. Further, the overwhelming majority (85%) of the sampled population indicated that ethics should be integral to all modules that form the basis of accountancy training. It is for this reason that the study recommends that (accounting) ethics should not be a stand-alone module

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es doble. En primer lugar, examinar la percepción general que los estudiantes de ADE tienen de la ética empresarial y, específicamente, sus puntos de vista sobre la importancia y objetivos de la ética contable. En segundo lugar, analizar en qué medida las posibles diferencias en dichas percepciones dependen de haber cursado previamente asignaturas de ética, así como del género y la edad de los estudiantes. En los últimos años, en estrecha conexión con escándalos financieros, el debate público sobre la ética empresarial se ha intensificado tanto a nivel local como internacional. En consecuencia, existe una creciente preocupación por la introducción formal de la ética empresarial en los planes de estudios universitarios. El propósito de ello es mejorar el comportamiento ético de los futuros empresarios y directivos, y en particular de los profesionales de la contabilidad. En este estudio, se investigan las percepciones del alumnado acerca de la importancia de la ética contable, a partir de una muestra de 551 estudiantes de ADE de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Para ello, se utilizan diversas técnicas estadísticas para realizar análisis descriptivos y se contrastan varias hipótesis. Los resultados del estudio empírico indican que aquéllos estudiantes que han cursado previamente asignaturas de ética son especialmente proclives a pensar que la educación contable debería incluir consideraciones éticas, y además muestran un mayor interés en profundizar en el estudio de esta materia. Así mismo, nuestros resultados arrojan diferencias significativas en las percepciones de la importancia de la ética contable en función del género y de la edad de los estudiantes. En la línea de anteriores investigaciones, las mujeres y los estudiantes de mayor edad muestran mayores inclinaciones éticas que, respectivamente, los hombres y los estudiantes más jóvenes., [Otros] The aim of this paper is twofold. First, consider the general perception that business students have of business ethics, and specifically his views on the importance and objectives of accounting ethics. Second, analyze the extent to which differences in these perceptions depend on having previously studied subjects of ethics, as well as gender and age of the students. In recent years, in close connection with financial scandals, the public debate on business ethics has intensified both locally and internationally. Consequently, there is a growing concern for the formal introduction of business ethics in university curricula. The purpose of this is to improve the ethical behavior of future entrepreneurs and managers, and in particular accounting professionals. In this study, we investigated the perceptions of students about the importance of accounting ethics, from a sample of 551 business students of the Technical University of Valencia. For this, several statistical techniques are used for testing the research hypotheses. The results indicate that those students who have previously taken courses in ethics are especially prone to think that accounting education should include ethical considerations, and also show a greater interest in further study of this subject. Also, our results show significant differences in perceptions of the importance of accounting ethics by gender and age of the students (women and older students show higher ethical inclinations, respectively)

As key global accounting regulators, the FASB and the IASB have accorded much importance to the concept of decision-usefulness, especially in the context of the capital providers as a specific user group. However, a vague reference to the usefulness of accounting information means nothing unless the utility being sought is properly defined. This paper reflects on the relevancy of decision-usefulness as a key financial reporting objective from two perspectives. Firstly, the ontology of accountancy with specific reference to decision-usefulness and utility versus ophelimity are considered. Secondly, epistemological issues around the quantification of accounting data and its predictive abilities are discussed. The article does not deny the importance of the usefulness criterion, but rather argues against a vacuous concept of decision-usefulness, which, as a key accounting and financial reporting objective, is devoid of any substantive meaning. Instead, a more realistic key objective of accounting should be to provide factual economic and financial information, which, since it presents any user with information in a unique companyspecific context, can be considered judgement-useful, rather than decision-useful.

As key global accounting regulators, the FASB and the IASB have accorded much importance to the concept of decision-usefulness, especially in the context of the capital providers as a specific user group. However, a vague reference to the usefulness of accounting information means nothing unless the utility being sought is properly defined. This paper reflects on the relevancy of decision-usefulness as a key financial reporting objective from two perspectives. Firstly, the ontology of accountancy with specific reference to decision-usefulness and utility versus ophelimity are considered. Secondly, epistemological issues around the quantification of accounting data and its predictive abilities are discussed. The article does not deny the importance of the usefulness criterion, but rather argues against a vacuous concept of decision-usefulness, which, as a key accounting and financial reporting objective, is devoid of any substantive meaning. Instead, a more realistic key objective of accounting should be to provide factual economic and financial information, which, since it presents any user with information in a unique companyspecific context, can be considered judgement-useful, rather than decision-useful.

Today’s business world has become increasingly diverse in its view of ethics. This lack of objective decision-making has been made clear through the scandals and questionable accounting methods in recent years. In light of these instances, the accounting profession has taken steps to regain and ensure the public’s trust, which the profession relies on. In the absence of ethical practices, the profession loses its trustworthiness and reliability. This paper will discuss the key role of ethics in accounting and the efforts that have been made in the past and are being made currently to ensure that this vital component is preserved in the future.

Puxty et al. (1994) claim that professional accountants are induced to act ethically through two aspects of their socialisation, the education process, and the influence of work experience and role models who show what it means to be ethical. The education of accountants is not simply a matter of becoming technically competent, it is also a process of internalising accepted norms of professional conduct. Student accountants learn acceptable behaviour by learning the principles of good conduct in their education, and receiving advice and observing what significant others do in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of the work environment on accounting students moral reasoning and development by comparing the DIT P-scores of accounting students pre and post cooperative education. Cooperative eduction is an industry placement program where students are required to work in commerce and industry for one year. Findings indicate that DIT P-scores decrease during cooperative education suggesting that accounting students, whilst in the work environment, do not reason according to their capability as measured by their pre-test scores.