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Los capítulos 5,6 y 7 están sujetos a confidencialidad por el autor. 102 p., La electrónica de potencia está presente en nuestras vidas en la mayoría de nuestras acciones. Toda esta electrónica está basada en los semiconductores de Silicio, tecnología muy madura en la actualidad,sin embargo la aparición de los semiconductores de banda ancha prohibida está proporcionando un importante salto tecnológico frente a los semiconductores de silicio convencionales, ya que gracias a sus características permiten operar por encima de los límites conocidos por el Silicio, tanto en frecuencia de conmutación, en tensiones de bloqueo, como en temperatura máxima de unión, posibilitando optimizarlos diseños de electrónica de potencia, no antes sin superar los retos que presenta su implementación.Para ello, por un lado y debido a sus características diferentes, es necesario desarrollar nuevos controladores de puerta capaces de manejarlos a las altas velocidades de conmutación que soportan, y por otro lado, para exprimir todas todas sus ventajas se deben diseñar nuevos componentes magnéticos reducidos que trabajen a altas frecuencias optimizando y adecuando el sistemas de refrigeración, con el fin de aumentar la densidad de potencia de los nuevos convertidores.Entre los semiconductores de banda ancha prohibida, el Carburo de Silicio y el Nitruro de Galio son los más prometedores. En este trabajo, se muestra la integración del Carburo de silicio en la aplicación detracción ferroviaria y en la aplicación fotovoltaica, y las ventajas que proporcionan frente a un convertidor de las mismas características basado en Silicio convencional.

Este trabajo aborda la necesidad de interoperabilidad en la prestación de servicios públicos y cómo, a pesar de su valor, el Esquema Nacional de Interoperabilidad (ENI) en España presenta limitaciones. Se discute cómo la consulta de datos en administraciones terceras a través de servicios web acordados presenta desafíos, especialmente cuando los cambios en las políticas de consulta requieren modificaciones extensas de datos personales considerados como sensibles por la legislación actual. Además, en esta línea, se presenta una solución de interoperabilidad basada en computación multi-parte, así como una prueba de concepto de esta para la concesión de becas en el Gobierno Vasco. El documento describe las limitaciones y resultados de dicha prueba de concepto, y también diferentes líneas de investigación identificadas. Se espera que este trabajo fomente la discusión sobre cómo mejorar la interoperabilidad y la eficiencia en la prestación de servicios públicos, sobre todo cuando dicha interoperabilidad involucra datos sensibles.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) presents a significant challenge to right ventricular (RV) function due to progressive pressure overload, necessitating adaptive remodeling in the form of increased wall thickness, enhanced myocardial contractility and stiffness to maintain cardiac performance. However, the impact of these remodeling mechanisms on RV mechanics in not clearly understood. In addition, there is a lack of quantitative understanding of how each mechanism individually influences RV mechanics. Utilizing experimental data from a rat model of PAH at three distinct time points, we developed biventricular finite element models to investigate how RV stress and strain evolved with PAH progression. The finite element models were fitted to hemodynamic and morphological data to represent different disease stages and used to analyze the impact of RV remodeling as well as the altered RV pressure. Furthermore, we performed a number of theoretical simulation studies with different combinations of morphological and physiological remodeling, to assess and quantify their individual impact on overall RV load and function. Our findings revealed a substantial 4-fold increase in RV stiffness and a transient 2-fold rise in contractility, which returned to baseline by week 12. These changes in RV material properties in addition to the 2-fold increase in wall thickness significantly mitigated the increase in wall stress and strain caused by the progressive increase in RV afterload. Despite the PAH-induced cases showing increased wall stress and strain at end-diastole and end-systole compared to the control, our simulations suggest that without the observed remodeling mechanisms, the increase in stress and strain would have been much more pronounced. Our model analysis also indicated that while changes in the RV's material properties-particularly increased RV stiffness - have a notable effect on its mechanics, the primary compensatory factor limiting the stress and strain inc

Rationale: Acute lung injury (ALI) carries a high risk of mortality but has no established pharmacologic therapy. We previously found that experimental ALI occurs through natural killer (NK) cell NKG2D receptor activation and that the cognate human ligand, MICB, was associated with ALI after transplantation. Objectives: To investigate the association of a common missense variant, MICBG406A, with ALI. Methods: We assessed MICBG406A genotypes within two multicenter observational study cohorts at risk for ALI: primary graft dysfunction (N = 619) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (N = 1,376). Variant protein functional effects were determined in cultured and ex vivo human samples. Measurements and Main Results: Recipients of MICBG406A-homozygous allografts had an 11.1% absolute risk reduction (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2-19.4%) for severe primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation and reduced risk for allograft failure (hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.13-0.98). In participants with sepsis, we observed 39% reduced odds of moderately or severely impaired oxygenation among MICBG406A-homozygous individuals (95% CI, 0.43-0.86). BAL NK cells were less frequent and less mature in participants with MICBG406A. Expression of missense variant protein MICBD136N in cultured cells resulted in reduced surface MICB and reduced NKG2D ligation relative to wild-type MICB. Coculture of variant MICBD136N cells with NK cells resulted in less NKG2D activation and less susceptibility to NK cell killing relative to the wild-type cells. Conclusions: These data support a role for MICB signaling through the NKG2D receptor in mediating ALI, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach.

The ability of cells of the immune system to acquire features such as increased longevity and enhanced secondary responses was long thought to be restricted to cells of the adaptive immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells have challenged this notion by demonstrating that they can also gain adaptive features. This has been observed in both humans and mice during infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV). The generation of adaptive NK cells requires antigen-specific recognition of virally infected cells through stimulatory NK receptors. These receptors lack the ability to signal on their own and rather rely on adaptor molecules that contain ITAMs for driving signals. Here, we highlight our understanding of how these receptors influence the production of adaptive NK cells and propose areas in the field that merit further investigation.

Epigenetic marks could potentially explain a portion of the phenotypic variance related to traits of interest in animal breeding models. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic mark, involving the addition of a methyl group to the fifth carbon of a cytosine, which transforms it into 5-methylcytosine. This mark is commonly associated with inhibiting gene expression without altering the nucleotide sequence, particularly when located within promoter regions. While bisulphite sequencing is the gold standard for detecting methylation marks, new techniques have emerged to address bisulphite's limitations. Some of these limitations include the confounding effects of bisulphite treatment on DNA methylation and C to T polymorphisms, as well as the inability to distinguish between DNA methylation and hydroxylation. In this context, we propose employing Nanopore sequencing to identify methylation marks. We conducted sequencing on six bull semen samples using both Nanopore and reduced representation bisulphite sequencing. CpGs were filtered based on two coverage thresholds (4x and 7x). Our results indicated that Nanopore methylation data exhibited a correlation exceeding 0.95 with bisulphite sequencing data. The correlation decreased to 0.67 when analysing only CpGs with methylation frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 0.9, due to the lack of enough coverage for ONT. We also examined differentially methylated cytosines identified by each sequencing method. The overlap between the two sets of DMCs and the associated genes was limited, as RRBS library preparation predominantly amplifies gene promoter regions, while ONT covers more intergenic regions. Interestingly, both methods highlighted differentially methylated genes and positions linked to quantitative trait loci of significant economic interest in animal breeding, suggesting promising applications for ONT in the field of agri-genomics.

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.

In population genetics, the emergence of large-scale genomic data for various species and populations has provided new opportunities to understand the evolutionary forces that drive genetic diversity using statistical inference. However, the era of population genomics presents new challenges in analysing the massive amounts of genomes and variants. Deep learning has demonstrated state-of-the-art performance for numerous applications involving large-scale data. Recently, deep learning approaches have gained popularity in population genetics; facilitated by the advent of massive genomic data sets, powerful computational hardware and complex deep learning architectures, they have been used to identify population structure, infer demographic history and investigate natural selection. Here, we introduce common deep learning architectures and provide comprehensive guidelines for implementing deep learning models for population genetic inference. We also discuss current challenges and future directions for applying deep learning in population genetics, focusing on efficiency, robustness and interpretability.

With the ongoing rapid growth of the human population, the industrial development of mass insect rearing for feed and food is gaining momentum. This approach has proved to be a more efficient and effective alternative to traditional livestock to produce animal protein. In this context, the Tenebrio molitor production sector emerges as highly promising in the edible insect market, being among the most commonly bred species in the large-scale insect rearing industry. A recent modification of the European regulatory framework in this matter has authorized insect-produced feed for pigs and poultry, which will boost the creation of new insect industries, resulting in huge quantities of frass, the insect excrement, that could be valorized. This by-product holds substantial amounts of nutrients and advantageous microorganisms that have enormous potential for organic farming. It typically exhibits high organic content and an abundance of essential nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), alongside a narrow carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratio. In addition to providing plants with essential macronutrients, frass has been discovered to boost soil microbial biomass and introduce biomolecules and microbes that foster plant growth. The study of utilizing frass in sustainable agriculture is a relatively new and actively researched field in recent years. By conducting a comprehensive review of peer reviewed works, this article highlights the advantages associated with the effects of its use as organic fertilizer. Among these, the effect of frass as (1) a plant growth promoter and productivity enhancer and as (2) phytofortifyer against biotic and abiotic stresses, has been underlined in recent studies. With regard to its promoting effect, it has been observed that the effects of frass depend very much on its dose and the type of crop, with remarkably favorable results in many of the tests carried out. Hence, frass derived from the mass rearing of yellow mealworm

Seagrass meadows provide numerous ecosystem services including biodiversity, coastal protection, and carbon sequestration. In Europe, seagrasses can be found in shallow sheltered waters along coastlines, in estuaries & lagoons, and around islands, but their distribution has declined. Factors such as poor water quality, coastal modification, mechanical damage, overfishing, land-sea interactions, climate change and disease have reduced the coverage of Europe’s seagrasses necessitating their recovery. Research, monitoring and conservation efforts on seagrass ecosystems in Europe are mostly uncoordinated and biased towards certain species and regions, resulting in inadequate delivery of critical information for their management. Here, we aim to identify the 100 priority questions, that if addressed would strongly advance seagrass monitoring, research and conservation in Europe. Using a Delphi method, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with seagrass experience from across Europe and with diverse seagrass expertise participated in the process that involved the formulation of research questions, a voting process and an online workshop to identify the final list of the 100 questions. The final list of questions covers areas across nine themes: Biodiversity & Ecology; Ecosystem services; Blue carbon; Fishery support; Drivers, Threats, Resilience & Response; Monitoring & Assessment; Conservation & Restoration; Governance, Policy & Management; and Communication. Answering these questions will fill current knowledge gaps and place European seagrass onto a positive trajectory of recovery

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a legume of great economic and agricultural importance worldwide, whose crop is severely affected by rust or Ascochyta blight, caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei. The fungal genus Trichoderma includes several species widely characterized as effective biological control agents against crop pathogens. First, this work characterized several species of the genus Trichoderma as potential biological control agents of A. rabiei directly (in vitro confrontation) or indirectly in chickpea plants (activation of systemic resistance), selecting T. harzianum EN1 as the most efficient strain. Subsequently, different materials were tested as coatings to apply the T. harzianum conidia on chickpea seeds, determining that gum arabic at 1 % concentration was the one that most promoted the germination of conidia and seeds. The third phase of the study was based on the application of the coating and T. harzianum conidia on chickpea seeds and to study plant survival after infection with the pathogen A. rabiei, characterizing root colonization by Trichoderma and systemic hormonal and metabolic changes related to the induction of systemic defenses. The treatment of chickpea seeds with gum arabic and T. harzianum conidia was found to increase Trichoderma-root colonization and to improve plant survival. The induction of systemic ethylene- and melatonin-mediated resistance, which led to the accumulation of nicotinic acid in plant tissues, was considered the cause of such a protection. Therefore, T. harzianum applied as seed coating with gum arabic could be a good biological control strategy against A. rabiei on chickpea, due to the induction of systemic resistance.

The Resilient Dairy Genome Project (RDGP) is an international large-scale applied research project that aims to generate genomic tools to breed more resilient dairy cows. In this context, improving feed efficiency and reducing greenhouse gases from dairy is a high priority. The inclusion of traits related to feed efficiency (e.g., dry matter intake [DMI]) or greenhouse gases (e.g., methane emissions [CH4]) relies on available genotypes as well as high quality phenotypes. Currently, 7 countries (i.e., Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, and United States) contribute with genotypes and phenotypes including DMI and CH4. However, combining data are challenging due to differences in recording protocols, measurement technology, genotyping, and animal management across sources. In this study, we provide an overview of how the RDGP partners address these issues to advance international collaboration to generate genomic tools for resilient dairy. Specifically, we describe the current state of the RDGP database, data collection protocols in each country, and the strategies used for managing the shared data. As of February 2022, the database contains 1,289,593 DMI records from 12,687 cows and 17,403 CH4 records from 3,093 cows and continues to grow as countries upload new data over the coming years. No strong genomic differentiation between the populations was identified in this study, which may be beneficial for eventual across-country genomic predictions. Moreover, our results reinforce the need to account for the heterogeneity in the DMI and CH4 phenotypes in genomic analysis.

Recursive models are a category of structural equation models that propose a causal relationship between traits. These models are more parameterized than multiple trait models, and they require imposing restrictions on the parameter space to ensure statistical identification. Nevertheless, in certain situations, the likelihood of recursive models and multiple trait models are equivalent. Consequently, the estimates of variance components derived from the multiple trait mixed model can be converted into estimates under several recursive models through LDL' or block-LDL' transformations.

Growth rate is an important component of feed conversion efficiency in cattle and varies across the different stages of the finishing period. The metabolic effect of the rumen microbiome is essential for cattle growth, and investigating the genomic and microbial factors that underlie this temporal variation can help maximize feed conversion efficiency at each growth stage.

Despite the increasing availability of genomic data and enhanced data analysis procedures, predicting the severity of associated diseases remains elusive in the absence of clinical descriptors. To address this challenge, we have focused on the KV7.2 voltage-gated potassium channel gene (KCNQ2), known for its link to developmental delays and various epilepsies, including self-limited benign familial neonatal epilepsy and epileptic encephalopathy. Genome-wide tools often exhibit a tendency to overestimate deleterious mutations, frequently overlooking tolerated variants, and lack the capacity to discriminate variant severity. This study introduces a novel approach by evaluating multiple machine learning (ML) protocols and descriptors. The combination of genomic information with a novel Variant Frequency Index (VFI) builds a robust foundation for constructing reliable gene-specific ML models. The ensemble model, MLe-KCNQ2, formed through logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest and gradient boosting algorithms, achieves specificity and sensitivity values surpassing 0.95 (AUC-ROC > 0.98). The ensemble MLe-KCNQ2 model also categorizes pathogenic mutations as benign or severe, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) above 0.67. This study not only presents a transferable methodology for accurately classifying KCNQ2 missense variants, but also provides valuable insights for clinical counseling and aids in the determination of variant severity. The research context emphasizes the necessity of precise variant classification, especially for genes like KCNQ2, contributing to the broader understanding of gene-specific challenges in the field of genomic research. The MLe-KCNQ2 model stands as a promising tool for enhancing clinical decision making and prognosis in the realm of KCNQ2-related pathologies.

In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have presented a variety of applications. Recent studies show their advantages when quantifying areas for storm runoff estimation. However, there are uncertainties about their actual range. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the volume of rainfall captured by roofs using UAVs. The methodology consisted of selecting a study area composed of a variety of canopies, in which the areas were digitally measured, the latter by processing images captured by UAV. For the calculation of runoff volume, the average monthly precipitation data of the last 11 years were taken, and the Runoff Coefficients (Ce) reported in the literature were considered. Then, the mean monthly runoff volume was calculated for each canopy. The results show that the roofs studied (Coliseum - Library) have the capacity to capture an annual volume of 2237.75 m3. With an average volume of 406.74 m3 during the rainy season (November to March) and 29.15 m3 during the dry season (April to October). Although the use of UAV allows determining one of the values within the runoff volume calculation, in order to achieve a more accurate result, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the other variables (Ce and precipitation)., En los últimos años, los Vehículos Aéreos No Tripulados (VANT) han presentado una variedad de aplicaciones. Estudios recientes demuestran sus ventajas al momento de cuantificar áreas para la estimación de escorrentía pluvial. Sin embargo, existen incertidumbres sobre su alcance real. Ante ello, el objetivo del estudio es estimar el volumen pluvial captado por cubiertas mediante VANT. La metodología consistió en seleccionar una zona de estudio compuesta por una variedad de cubiertas, en el que las áreas fueron medidas digitalmente, esta última por medio del procesamiento de imágenes captadas por VANT. Para el cálculo de volumen de escurrimiento, se tomaron los datos de precipitación media mensual de los últimos 11 años, y se consideraron los Coeficientes de Escorrentía (Ce) reportados en la literatura. A continuación, se calculó el volumen de escurrimiento medio mensual para cada cubierta. Los resultados muestran que las cubiertas estudiadas (Coliseo - Biblioteca), tienen la capacidad de captar un volumen anual de 2237.75 m3. Con un volumen promedio de 406.74 m3 durante la época lluviosa (noviembre a marzo) y 29.15 m3 en la época seca (abril a octubre). Aunque el uso de VANT permite determinar uno de los valores dentro del cálculo de volumen de escorrentía, para lograr un resultado más exacto, es preciso analizar y evaluar las otras variables (Ce y precipitación).

In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have presented a variety of applications. Recent studies show their advantages when quantifying areas for storm runoff estimation. However, there are uncertainties about their actual range. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the volume of rainfall captured by roofs using UAVs. The methodology consisted of selecting a study area composed of a variety of canopies, in which the areas were digitally measured, the latter by processing images captured by UAV. For the calculation of runoff volume, the average monthly precipitation data of the last 11 years were taken, and the Runoff Coefficients (Ce) reported in the literature were considered. Then, the mean monthly runoff volume was calculated for each canopy. The results show that the roofs studied (Coliseum - Library) have the capacity to capture an annual volume of 2237.75 m3. With an average volume of 406.74 m3 during the rainy season (November to March) and 29.15 m3 during the dry season (April to October). Although the use of UAV allows determining one of the values within the runoff volume calculation, in order to achieve a more accurate result, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the other variables (Ce and precipitation)., En los últimos años, los Vehículos Aéreos No Tripulados (VANT) han presentado una variedad de aplicaciones. Estudios recientes demuestran sus ventajas al momento de cuantificar áreas para la estimación de escorrentía pluvial. Sin embargo, existen incertidumbres sobre su alcance real. Ante ello, el objetivo del estudio es estimar el volumen pluvial captado por cubiertas mediante VANT. La metodología consistió en seleccionar una zona de estudio compuesta por una variedad de cubiertas, en el que las áreas fueron medidas digitalmente, esta última por medio del procesamiento de imágenes captadas por VANT. Para el cálculo de volumen de escurrimiento, se tomaron los datos de precipitación media mensual de los últimos 11 años, y se consideraron los Coeficientes de Escorrentía (Ce) reportados en la literatura. A continuación, se calculó el volumen de escurrimiento medio mensual para cada cubierta. Los resultados muestran que las cubiertas estudiadas (Coliseo - Biblioteca), tienen la capacidad de captar un volumen anual de 2237.75 m3. Con un volumen promedio de 406.74 m3 durante la época lluviosa (noviembre a marzo) y 29.15 m3 en la época seca (abril a octubre). Aunque el uso de VANT permite determinar uno de los valores dentro del cálculo de volumen de escorrentía, para lograr un resultado más exacto, es preciso analizar y evaluar las otras variables (Ce y precipitación).

This work introduces Gemma, a family of lightweight, state-of-the art open models built from the research and technology used to create Gemini models. Gemma models demonstrate strong performance across academic benchmarks for language understanding, reasoning, and safety. We release two sizes of models (2 billion and 7 billion parameters), and provide both pretrained and fine-tuned checkpoints. Gemma outperforms similarly sized open models on 11 out of 18 text-based tasks, and we present comprehensive evaluations of safety and responsibility aspects of the models, alongside a detailed description of model development. We believe the responsible release of LLMs is critical for improving the safety of frontier models, and for enabling the next wave of LLM innovations.

Perda Kota Padang Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 Tentang Penataan dan Pemerdayaan Pedagang Kaki Lima. Penataan PKL di Kota Padang dilakukan dengan merelokasikan tempat berjualan yang sudah diatur, PKL melakukan usaha dagang atau jasa di tempat umum. tempat yang digunakan berdagang yaitu ditepi jalan umum, trotoar, tempat lainnya di Kota Padang. Rumusan Masalah 1) Bagaimanakah pelaksanaan peran Lembaga Perlindungan Konsumen terhadap Penerapan larangan PKL di Kota Padang berdasarkan Peraturan daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Penataan dan Pemberdayaan Pedang Kaki Lima? 2) Apakah kendala-kendala dalam Penerapan Peraturan daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Penataan dan Pemberdayaan PKL di Kota Padang? 3) Bagaimanakah upaya mengatasi kendala-kendala dalam Penerapan Peraturan daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Penataan dan Pemberdayaan PKL di Kota Padang? Jenis penelitian yuridis empiris, sumber data yaitu data primer dan sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data wawancara dan studi dokumen dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian 1) Peran lembaga dan tanggung jawab pemerintah Kota Padang sangat terlihat dari ketentuan-ketentuan yang ada dalam Peraturan daerah Kota Padang Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Penataan dan Pemberdayaan Pedagang Kaki Lima 2) Kendala-kendala yang ditemui (a)masih banyak PKL yang tidak sesuai kapasitas melebihi batas lokasi yang ditetapkan oleh trantib, (b)Masih ada yang berjualan tidak sesuai tempat yang sudah di alokasikan. (c)Masih adanya yang berjualan di fasilitas umum, di sepanjang trotoar dimana mengganggu ketertiban pejalan kaki. 3) Upaya yang dilakukan adalah mengoptimalkan petugas tantrib dalam pengamanan dan keamanan PKL. Kata Kunci : Pedagang, Kaki Lima , Fasilitas Umum

Perda Kota Padang Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 Tentang Penataan dan Pemerdayaan Pedagang Kaki Lima. Penataan PKL di Kota Padang dilakukan dengan merelokasikan tempat berjualan yang sudah diatur, PKL melakukan usaha dagang atau jasa di tempat umum. tempat yang digunakan berdagang yaitu ditepi jalan umum, trotoar, tempat lainnya di Kota Padang. Rumusan Masalah 1) Bagaimanakah pelaksanaan peran Lembaga Perlindungan Konsumen terhadap Penerapan larangan PKL di Kota Padang berdasarkan Peraturan daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Penataan dan Pemberdayaan Pedang Kaki Lima? 2) Apakah kendala-kendala dalam Penerapan Peraturan daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Penataan dan Pemberdayaan PKL di Kota Padang? 3) Bagaimanakah upaya mengatasi kendala-kendala dalam Penerapan Peraturan daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Penataan dan Pemberdayaan PKL di Kota Padang? Jenis penelitian yuridis empiris, sumber data yaitu data primer dan sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data wawancara dan studi dokumen dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian 1) Peran lembaga dan tanggung jawab pemerintah Kota Padang sangat terlihat dari ketentuan-ketentuan yang ada dalam Peraturan daerah Kota Padang Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Penataan dan Pemberdayaan Pedagang Kaki Lima 2) Kendala-kendala yang ditemui (a)masih banyak PKL yang tidak sesuai kapasitas melebihi batas lokasi yang ditetapkan oleh trantib, (b)Masih ada yang berjualan tidak sesuai tempat yang sudah di alokasikan. (c)Masih adanya yang berjualan di fasilitas umum, di sepanjang trotoar dimana mengganggu ketertiban pejalan kaki. 3) Upaya yang dilakukan adalah mengoptimalkan petugas tantrib dalam pengamanan dan keamanan PKL. Kata Kunci : Pedagang, Kaki Lima , Fasilitas Umum

info:eu-repo/semantics/inPress

The thesis intends to answer the question whether the author Selma Lagerlöfs novels were perceived differently in literary reviews (in Swedish newspapers), before and after her being awarded with the Nobel prize in literature. Any difference observed will go through analyses based on the theoretical framework of Pierre Bourdieu's theory of the “literary field”. To closely examine the text of the different reviews, and look for differences, the thesis uses Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis, with Bourdieu's theory as the social setting. In total, twelve literary reviews by six significant critics on the Swedish literary field between 1891 to 1914 are investigated. These are selected from the reviews of four of Lagerlöfs novels. Two of the novels were written prior to her being awarded with the Nobel prize, and the other two were written after receiving the prize. When examining the literary reviews there was a difference observed. Especially the chronologically first novel (Lagerlöfs debut Gösta Berlings saga) received considerably negative reviews. The critique was mostly regarding style of writing, but it also often involved the author's character. The following novel in the thesis Jerusalem was received mostly positively by the critics. And the two following Lagerlöv being awarded with the nobel prize received almost no negative comments. The authors of this thesis point out conditions of the literary field partly being the reason for the harsh reviews. Lagerlöf introduced a new “avant-garde” style of writing that challenged current writing practice. As time went on Lagerlöf, and her style of writing, was elevated on the literary field. Displayed by the critics praising and comparing her to the greats of the field and a changed power dynamic regarding critic and the critiqued.

The proposal contemplated the diagnosis of the existing sheep farming systems in the Chiquintad parish, located in the province of Azuay - Ecuador. For this purpose, a survey was designed and applied to the livestock producers of the sector in order to establish the baseline for the formulation of the proposal: to establish a semi-intensive production unit of sheep of high genetic lineage. The main existing systems in the sector are extensive and backyard systems. In addition, a market study was conducted to determine the niche in which the products of this project can be positioned, such as breeding animals, surplus organic fertilizer and the position of meat from lambs and lambs discarded at the foot of the flock. The technical component of the project was formulated, and its engineering suggests the implementation and adequate management of a semi-intensive system of Pelibuey sheep. The financial analysis was carried out with a 10-year projection, where the initial investment is $ 14,559.03, a total production cost of $ 163,834.80, estimated profit at the tenth year of $ 24,175.27, which annually would represent $ 2,417.52 net profit for the producer, a break-even point of $ 3,779.00 per month and a cost-benefit of 1.12. Finally, the feasibility of the project is evaluated in economic, technical, legal and environmental terms.

Criminal intention is a critical aspect of human interaction in the 21st-century digital age where insecurity is on the high side as a major global threat. Kidnapping, killings, molestation of all sorts, gender-based violence, terrorism, and banditry are the trends of criminality in our nation, as such, there is a need to effectively explore innovative means to identify and cope with this evil menace in our society. The facial positioning of humans can tell their evil intention even if they pretended to smile with the evil in their minds. In normal instances, it may be very difficult to predict the heart of man, but with the trending information technology like image processing, the state of a human face could be used as a means to read their tendencies. This paper proposes a deep learning model based on the FER2013 dataset through the implementation of a CNN model that predicts criminal tendencies with the help of facial expressions. With this goal in mind, we explore a new level of image processing to infer criminal tendency from facial images through a convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning algorithm in other to discriminate between criminal and non-criminal facial images. It was observed that CNN was more consistent in learning to reach its best test accuracy of 90.6%, which contained 8 convolutional layers. To increase the accuracy of this model, several procedures were explored using Random Search from the Keras tuner library, testing out various numbers of convolutional layers and Adam optimizer. It was also noticed that applying the dissection and visualization of the convolutional layers in CNN reveals that the shape of the face, eyebrows, eyeball, pupils, nostrils, and lips are taken advantage of by CNN to classify the images.

Esophagectomy is a complex and complication laden procedure. Despite centralization, variations in perioparative strategies reflect a paucity of evidence regarding optimal routines. The use of nasogastric (NG) tubes post esophagectomy is typically associated with significant discomfort for the patients. We hypothesize that immediate postoperative removal of the NG tube is non-inferior to current routines. All Nordic Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer centers were invited to participate in this open-label pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT). Inclusion criteria include resection for locally advanced esophageal cancer with gastric tube reconstruction. A pretrial survey was undertaken and was the foundation for a consensus process resulting in the Kinetic trial, an RCT allocating patients to either no use of a NG tube (intervention) or 5 days of postoperative NG tube use (control) with anastomotic leakage as primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints include pulmonary complications, overall complications, length of stay, health related quality of life. A sample size of 450 patients is planned (Kinetic trial: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN39935085). Thirteen Nordic centers with a combined catchment area of 17 million inhabitants have entered the trial and ethical approval was granted in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark. All centers routinely use NG tube and all but one center use total or hybrid minimally invasive-surgical approach. Inclusion began in January 2022 and the first annual safety board assessment has deemed the trial safe and recommended continuation. We have launched the first adequately powered multi-center pragmatic controlled randomized clinical trial regarding NG tube use after esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction., Study protocol

BACKGROUND: The current shortage of radiology staff in healthcare provides a challenge for departments all over the world. This leads to more evaluation of how the radiology resources are used and a demand to use them in the most efficient way. Intraoperative MRI is one of many recent advancements in radiological practice. If radiology staff is performing intraoperative MRI at the operation ward, they may be impeded from performing other examinations at the radiology department, creating costs in terms of exams not being performed. Since this is a kind of cost whose importance is likely to increase, we have studied the practice of intraoperative MRI in Sweden. METHODS: The study includes data from the first four hospitals in Sweden that installed MRI scanners adjacent to the operating theaters. In addition, we included data from Karolinska University Hospital in Solna where intraoperative MRI is carried out at the radiology department. RESULTS: Scanners that were moved into the operation theater and doing no or few other scans were used 11-12% of the days. Stationary scanners adjacent to the operation room were used 35-41% of the days. For scanners situated at the radiology department doing intraoperative scans interspersed among all other scans, the proportion was 92%. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that performing exams at the radiology department rather than at several locations throughout the hospital may be an efficient approach to tackle the simultaneous trends of increasing demands for imaging and increasing staff shortages at radiology departments.

While there is broad agreement about their importance, courses in professionalism have proven difficult to teach and assess. Furthermore, there is currently a lack of knowledge regarding problems that are common across professional boundaries. The purpose of this article is to examine what teaching and assessing professionalism in higher education entails in three distinctly different professional education contexts in Sweden: medical, police, and social-work education. The study is qualitative and comparative, with data consisting of documents (curricula, syllabi, course content n > 200), interviews (n = 18), and participant observations (∼30 h) of how professionalism is taught and assessed in each programme. The results describe the practice architectures of teaching and assessing professionalism, where problems and dilemmas are made visible. The results also show a tension between the ambition to practise and the ambition to assess, which leads to what we call 'assessment avoidance'.

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.

This paper evaluates the performance of the two ETSI non-area forwarding algorithms in the GeoNetworking specification: Greedy Forwarding and Non-Area Contention-Based Forwarding (CBF). Non-area forwarding occurs when a packet is sent to a geographical Destination Area from a node located outside of this area, e.g., when a vehicle wants to alert of hazardous events to other vehicles located in a distant geographical area. The evaluation has been carried out both in urban and highway scenarios and takes into account the complete ETSI Architecture, including the interaction with the Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) mechanism. We have also compared ETSI-defined mechanisms with optimizations found in the literature. Our main findings are that Greedy Forwarding, when combined with DCC, is extremely ineffective even with optimizations, and Non-Area CBFs (both ETSI CBF and an optimized version called S-FoT+) outperform Greedy Forwarding both in highway and urban scenarios., Funding: The Swedish Knowledge Foundation (KKS) “Safety of Connected Intelligent Vehicles in Smart Cities – SafeSmart” project (2019–2024), and the ELLIIT Strategic Research Network.This work was partially supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, Spain) through the ACHILLES project (PID2019-104207RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)., Safety of Connected Intelligent Vehicles in Smart Cities – SafeSmart, ACHILLES project

ObjectiveTo determine associations of maternal salivary aldosterone with blood pressure (BP) in pregnancy and infant birth weight-for-gestational age (BWGA).MethodsWe measured maternal salivary aldosterone, BP and BWGA z-scores in 471 Mexico City pregnancy cohort participants and performed multivariable linear regression of BP and BWGA on log-aldosterone levels.ResultsLog-aldosterone was positively associated with diastolic BP (beta = 0.12 95% CI: 0.04, 0.21). There were no main effects of log-aldosterone on BWGA. However, we detected an interaction between log-aldosterone and BP in association with BWGA; higher log-aldosterone was associated with lower BWGA in the lowest (beta = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.26, 0.02) and highest (beta = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.29, 0.06) BP tertiles. In contrast, in the middle BP tertile the association was positive (beta = 0.09, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.20), p for interaction = 0.03.ConclusionHigher maternal salivary aldosterone is positively associated with diastolic BP and may affect fetal growth differently depending on concurrent maternal blood pressure.

Fines of hematite and magnetite were studied in the fluidized bed using a pure hydrogen atmosphere in the temperature range of 768 to 888 K. Hematite pellets were studied based on Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) experiments using hydrogen atmospheres containing 0–15 % pH2O, in the temperature range of 873 to 1173 K. Thermocouples in contact with the pellet’s surface and embedded in the pellet’s center recorded the thermal gradient in the pellet during reduction. The fluidized bed and the TGA experiments used an alternative method to start the reaction. The furnace was pre-heated with a reactive atmosphere. After this, the reaction was initiated by introducing the sample to the hot furnace, to eliminate the effect of gas dilution during gas switching. After the experiments, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)analyses were employed to study the reduction microstructures. Both types of fines showed similar reduction rates. Fines and pellets showed high initial reduction rates, which increased with increasing temperatures. The reduction rate in the last reduction stage was low for both fines and pellets. An increasing pH2O content in the atmosphere lowered the reaction rate, and theeffect decreased with increased temperature. A difference between the pellet's surface and center temperatures was observed during reduction. The pellet'smacro-pore structure was seen to be unaltered by changes in temperature or atmosphere. However, at 873 K, the iron product microstructure was found to be highly porous. Furthermore, increasing temperatures caused dense iron to form. In addition, when porous iron or iron oxides were observed, increasing pH2O contentsincreased the pore diameter but decreased the pore amount. Pellet properties with varied pellet compositions were also investigated using Cold Crushing Strength (CCS), reduction in a TGA setup, and melting experiments. The composition was not found to influence the mechanical or reduction properties but significantly affected the, Reduktion av hematit- och magnetitpulver studerades i ren vätgas i en fluidbädd, i temperaturintervallet 768–888 K. Hematitpellets studerades i en Termogravimetrisk Analysutrustning (TGA), i temperaturintervallet 873–1173 K med en atmosfär av vätgas och 0–15 % pH2O. Även termoelement borrades in i kärnan på pellets innan reduktion. Tillsammans med ett termoelement i kontakt med pelletens yta kunde temperaturgradienten i pelleten mätas under reduktionen. Ett alternativt sätt att starta reduktionen i både fluidbädden och TGA-utrustningen användes, där provet introducerades till en varm ugn och en stabil reaktiv atmosfär från ett icke-reagerande tillstånd vid låg temperatur. I den traditionella metoden värms provet upp till den experimentella temperaturen i inert gas, varefter gasen byts ut till en reaktiv gas för att starta reaktionen. Metodförändringen gjordes för att undvika osäkerheter som annars kan introduceras av utspädningssteget i den tidigare metoden. Analys med Svep Elektron Mikroskopi (SEM) genomfördes för att följa reduktionen. Båda typerna av malmpulver reducerade med en liknande hastighet. Reduktionen av både pulver och pellets var snabb i början, och hastigheten ökade med en ökande temperatur. Reduktionshastigheten under den sista delen av reduktionen var långsam, och där hade temperaturen inte stor inverkan. För pellets visade ett ökande pH2O värde på sjunkande reaktionshastighet, men effekten avtog med en ökande temperatur. Under reduktionen uppmättes en temperaturskillnad mellan pelletens yta och centrum vid samtliga temperaturer. Ingen skillnad i pelletens makroporositet kunde ses med en ändrad temperatur. Däremot skiljde sig mikrostrukturen i kornen åt. Vid 873 K bildade järnet en porös struktur, men vid en högre temperatur var det bildade järnet solitt. Med ökande pH2O värden vid 873 K sågs pordiametern i järnet öka men antalet porer minska. Porös järnoxid observerades under reduktionen vid samtliga temperaturer och pH2O värden, och ökande tempera

Insektkonsumtion, det vill säga entomofagi, har kommit i rampljuset på senare tid, då insekter ses som ett hållbart livsmedelsalternativ. Insekter har länge konsumerats i delar av världen men varit associerat med neofobi och äckel i västvärlden. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vuxna svenskars attityder kring entomofagi. För att besvara detta, utformades och delades en webbenkät över sociala nätverk, varifrån 237 respondenter rekryterades. Enkäten använde det validerade enkätinstrumentet Entomophagy Attitude Questionnaire (EAQ) sommäter attityder kring äckel gentemot insekter, intresse för insekter samt indirekt entomofagi,vilket är att använda insekter som foder till uppfödning av animalieproduktion. Därtill undersöktes hållbarhetsattityd och om respondenterna hade konsumerat insekter tidigare, förutom demografiska data. Data kvantifierades och överfördes till statistiska analysprogram. Data bestod av 231 giltiga svar som analyserades, tolkades och jämfördes med andra studier som använt EAQ. Resultaten visade att respondenterna hade en positiv inställning mot entomofagi. Mest positiv attityd hade de som tidigare provat insekter. Denna studies fynd ger en bredare indikation på hur introduktion av entomofagi kan göras strategiskt i Sverige.Därtill åskådliggörs framtida forskningsbehov., The consumption of insects, or entomophagy, has recently become subject to debate due to its nature as a sustainable food practice. While insects have long been consumed in parts of the world entomophagy has been associated with neophobia and has sparked disgust in the west. The purpose of this study is to explore Swedish adults’ attitudes on entomophagy. This was done through a web-based survey which was shared over social networks, and 237 respondents were recruited. The survey was based on the validated survey tool called Entomophagy Attitude Questionnaire (EAQ), which measures attitudes on disgust towards insects, interest towards insects, and indirect entomophagy, which is using insects as feed to other livestock. On top of this, the survey measured attitudes on sustainability and earlier consumption of insects as well as demographical data. Data were quantified and uploaded to a program for statistical analyses, after which data were analysed and interpreted. Out of the 237 survey responses 231 were considered valid and were utilised. Results were compared to other studies using the EAQ. The results showed that the sample had a positive attitude towards entomophagy. The group that had engaged in entomophagy before yielded the most positive attitudes. The results of this study give a broader indication of how entomophagy could strategically be introduced in Sweden. In addition, this study indicates future research needs

Fines of hematite and magnetite were studied in the fluidized bed using a pure hydrogen atmosphere in the temperature range of 768 to 888 K. Hematite pellets were studied based on Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) experiments using hydrogen atmospheres containing 0–15 % pH2O, in the temperature range of 873 to 1173 K. Thermocouples in contact with the pellet’s surface and embedded in the pellet’s center recorded the thermal gradient in the pellet during reduction. The fluidized bed and the TGA experiments used an alternative method to start the reaction. The furnace was pre-heated with a reactive atmosphere. After this, the reaction was initiated by introducing the sample to the hot furnace, to eliminate the effect of gas dilution during gas switching. After the experiments, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)analyses were employed to study the reduction microstructures. Both types of fines showed similar reduction rates. Fines and pellets showed high initial reduction rates, which increased with increasing temperatures. The reduction rate in the last reduction stage was low for both fines and pellets. An increasing pH2O content in the atmosphere lowered the reaction rate, and theeffect decreased with increased temperature. A difference between the pellet's surface and center temperatures was observed during reduction. The pellet'smacro-pore structure was seen to be unaltered by changes in temperature or atmosphere. However, at 873 K, the iron product microstructure was found to be highly porous. Furthermore, increasing temperatures caused dense iron to form. In addition, when porous iron or iron oxides were observed, increasing pH2O contentsincreased the pore diameter but decreased the pore amount. Pellet properties with varied pellet compositions were also investigated using Cold Crushing Strength (CCS), reduction in a TGA setup, and melting experiments. The composition was not found to influence the mechanical or reduction properties but significantly affected the, Reduktion av hematit- och magnetitpulver studerades i ren vätgas i en fluidbädd, i temperaturintervallet 768–888 K. Hematitpellets studerades i en Termogravimetrisk Analysutrustning (TGA), i temperaturintervallet 873–1173 K med en atmosfär av vätgas och 0–15 % pH2O. Även termoelement borrades in i kärnan på pellets innan reduktion. Tillsammans med ett termoelement i kontakt med pelletens yta kunde temperaturgradienten i pelleten mätas under reduktionen. Ett alternativt sätt att starta reduktionen i både fluidbädden och TGA-utrustningen användes, där provet introducerades till en varm ugn och en stabil reaktiv atmosfär från ett icke-reagerande tillstånd vid låg temperatur. I den traditionella metoden värms provet upp till den experimentella temperaturen i inert gas, varefter gasen byts ut till en reaktiv gas för att starta reaktionen. Metodförändringen gjordes för att undvika osäkerheter som annars kan introduceras av utspädningssteget i den tidigare metoden. Analys med Svep Elektron Mikroskopi (SEM) genomfördes för att följa reduktionen. Båda typerna av malmpulver reducerade med en liknande hastighet. Reduktionen av både pulver och pellets var snabb i början, och hastigheten ökade med en ökande temperatur. Reduktionshastigheten under den sista delen av reduktionen var långsam, och där hade temperaturen inte stor inverkan. För pellets visade ett ökande pH2O värde på sjunkande reaktionshastighet, men effekten avtog med en ökande temperatur. Under reduktionen uppmättes en temperaturskillnad mellan pelletens yta och centrum vid samtliga temperaturer. Ingen skillnad i pelletens makroporositet kunde ses med en ändrad temperatur. Däremot skiljde sig mikrostrukturen i kornen åt. Vid 873 K bildade järnet en porös struktur, men vid en högre temperatur var det bildade järnet solitt. Med ökande pH2O värden vid 873 K sågs pordiametern i järnet öka men antalet porer minska. Porös järnoxid observerades under reduktionen vid samtliga temperaturer och pH2O värden, och ökande tempera

[Abstract] Background: Breast cancer (BC) treatment with anthracyclines and/or anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) antibodies is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease complications, including cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). While Cardio-Oncology Rehabilitation (CORe) programs including exercise have emerged to minimize these risks, its role in preventing CTRCD is unclear. Objectives: We investigated the effectiveness of an exercise-based CORe program in preventing CTRCD [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) drop ≥10% to a value <53% or a decrease >15% in global longitudinal strain (GLS)]. Secondary outcomes examined changes in cardiac biomarkers, physical performance including peak oxygen consumption, psychometric and lifestyle outcomes. Safety, adherence, and patient satisfaction were also assessed. Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial including 122 early-stage BC women receiving anthracyclines and/or anti-HER2 antibodies, randomized to CORe (n = 60) or usual care with exercise recommendation (n = 62). Comprehensive assessments were performed at baseline and after cardiotoxic treatment completion. The average duration of the intervention was 5.8 months. Results: No cases of CTRCD were identified during the study. LVEF decreased in both groups, but was significantly attenuated in the CORe group [-1.5% (-2.9, -0.1); p = 0.006], with no changes detected in GLS or cardiac biomarkers. The CORe intervention led to significant body mass index (BMI) reduction (p = 0.037), especially in obese patients [3.1 kg/m2 (1.3, 4.8)]. Physical performance and quality-of-life remained stable, while physical activity level increased in both groups. No adverse events were detected. Conclusions: This study suggests that CORe programs are safe and may help attenuate LVEF decline in BC women receiving cardiotoxic therapy and reduce BMI in obese patients.

The proposal contemplated the diagnosis of the existing sheep farming systems in the Chiquintad parish, located in the province of Azuay - Ecuador. For this purpose, a survey was designed and applied to the livestock producers of the sector in order to establish the baseline for the formulation of the proposal: to establish a semi-intensive production unit of sheep of high genetic lineage. The main existing systems in the sector are extensive and backyard systems. In addition, a market study was conducted to determine the niche in which the products of this project can be positioned, such as breeding animals, surplus organic fertilizer and the position of meat from lambs and lambs discarded at the foot of the flock. The technical component of the project was formulated, and its engineering suggests the implementation and adequate management of a semi-intensive system of Pelibuey sheep. The financial analysis was carried out with a 10-year projection, where the initial investment is $ 14,559.03, a total production cost of $ 163,834.80, estimated profit at the tenth year of $ 24,175.27, which annually would represent $ 2,417.52 net profit for the producer, a break-even point of $ 3,779.00 per month and a cost-benefit of 1.12. Finally, the feasibility of the project is evaluated in economic, technical, legal and environmental terms.

Antibody phage-display technology identifies antibody-antigen interactions through multiple panning rounds, but traditional screening gives no information on enrichment or diversity throughout the process. This results in the loss of valuable binders. Next Generation Sequencing can overcome this problem. We introduce a high accuracy long-read sequencing method based on the recent Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) Q20 + chemistry in combination with dual unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) and an optimized bioinformatic analysis pipeline to monitor the selections. We identified binders from two single-domain antibody libraries selected against a model protein. Traditional colony-picking was compared with our ONT-UMI method. ONT-UMI enabled monitoring of diversity and enrichment before and after each selection round. By combining phage antibody selections with ONT-UMIs, deep mining of output selections is possible. The approach provides an alternative to traditional screening, enabling diversity quantification after each selection round and rare binder recovery, even when the dominating binder was > 99% abundant. Moreover, it can give insights on binding motifs for further affinity maturation and specificity optimizations. Our results demonstrate a platform for future data guided selection strategies.

Submerged membrane bioreactors are effective tools for synergistic production of valuable compounds, cell retention in the bioreactor, and separation of products from the reaction solution. However, membrane fouling is a problem that impairs efficiency of processes involving submerged membrane bioreactors. One of the mechanical methods for efficient fouling mitigation is backwash. Therefore, this study investigated backwash as a method for mitigating biofouling in a submerged ceramic membrane bioreactor, specifically in terms of separation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the suspension. To identify the key factors affecting the dynamic flux and their interactions, a Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) was employed based on the key operating variables (2 levels, 5 variables). The average flux model showed a dependency on the flow rate of backwash, time between backwash cycles, backwash duration, cell concentration, and separation process time (adjusted R2 = 0.99). Furthermore, the effect of backwash on flux recovery was assessed in comparison to separation processes without backwash. It was found that after the application of backwash, up to 100 % of the initial flux could be recovered. In contrast, only around 20 % of the initial flux could be maintained after the process without backwash. The optimized conditions of backwash were found to be a flow rate of backwash at 1500 mL min−1, time between backwash cycles 5 min, backwash duration 5 sec, cell concentration 20 g dry weight per liter, and separation process time 0.5 h. The mechanism of membrane fouling was determined to be the deposition of yeast cells on the membrane surface and the blocking of pores inside the membrane by sorbitan monostearate as a reagent present in the yeast suspension.

Antibodies are attractive therapeutic candidates due to their ability to bind cognate antigens with high affinity and specificity. Still, the underlying molecular rules governing the antibody-antigen interface remain poorly understood, making in silico antibody design inherently difficult and keeping the discovery and design of novel antibodies a costly and laborious process. This study investigates the characteristics of antibody-antigen binding interfaces through a computational analysis of more than 850,000 atom-atom contacts from the largest reported set of antibody-antigen complexes with 1833 nonredundant, experimentally determined structures. The analysis compares binding characteristics of conventional antibodies and single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) targeting both protein- and peptide antigens. We find clear patterns in the number antibody-antigen contacts and amino acid frequencies in the paratope. The direct comparison of sdAbs and conventional antibodies helps elucidate the mechanisms employed by sdAbs to compensate for their smaller size and the fact that they harbor only half the number of complementarity-determining regions compared to conventional antibodies. Furthermore, we pinpoint antibody interface hotspot residues that are often found at the binding interface and the amino acid frequencies at these positions. These findings have direct potential applications in antibody engineering and the design of improved antibody libraries.

ImPhys/Tao group

This article presents a comparison study of different aerodynamic models for an X-shaped vertical-axis wind turbine and offers insight into the 3D aerodynamics of this rotor at fixed pitch offsets. The study compares six different numerical models: a double-multiple streamtube (DMS) model, a 2D actuator cylinder (2DAC) model, an inviscid free vortex wake model (from CACTUS), a free vortex wake model with turbulent vorticity (from QBlade), a blade-resolved unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) model, and a lattice Boltzmann method (from PowerFLOW). All models, except URANS and PowerFLOW use the same blade element characteristics other than the number of blade elements. This comparison covers the present rotor configuration for several tip-speed ratios and fixed blade pitch offsets without unsteady corrections, except for the URANS and PowerFLOW which cover a single case. The results show that DMS and 2DAC models are inaccurate – especially at highly loaded conditions, are unable to predict the downwind blade vortex interaction, and do not capture the vertical/axial induction this rotor exhibits. The vortex models are consistent with each other, and the differences when compared against the URANS and PowerFLOW mostly arise due to the unsteady and flow curvature effects. Furthermore, the influence of vertical induction is very prominent for this rotor, and this effect becomes more significant with fixed pitch offsets where the flow at the blade root is considerably altered., Wind Energy

The expulsion of the poets from the ideal city, a policy elaborated in Plato’s Republic, is one of the most commented episodes in the history of philosophy, so there seems to be little room for novelty on the subject. Yet, in this article I will highlight an issue unattended by the available scholarship: there is an intimate relationship between poetry and oligarchy, between imitators and the regime of government that occupies the center of the scale ranging from the best to the worst. Between the poets characterized by Plato and the oligarchs, I will propose that the difference is only a matter of degree, not of nature, in the same sense that the philosopher establishes the difference between a master and a king, both equally rulers. To this end, I will examine the treatment of the figures of the supplicant, the imitator, the oligarch, and Odysseus (as a character who synthesizes them), to address the common aspects that make their reunion possible. This will lead us to some conclusions about the conflict between Plato and anonymity., La expulsión de los poetas fuera de la ciudad ideal, política elaborada en la República de Platón, es uno de los episodios más comentados en la historia de la filosofía, de modo que no parece haber lugar a novedades sobre el tema. No obstante, en este artículo me dedicaré a un aspecto que parece desatendido por los comentaristas del texto: hay una relación íntima entre la poesía y la oligarquía, entre los imitadores y el régimen de gobierno que ocupa el centro de la escala que va de los mejores a los peores. Entre los poetas caracterizados por Platón y los oligarcas, propondré, la diferencia es únicamente de grado, no de naturaleza, en el mismo sentido en que el filósofo establece la diferencia entre un amo y un rey, ambos por igual gobernantes. A tal fin me detendré en el tratamiento de las figuras del suplicante, el imitador, el oligarca y Odiseo (como personaje que las sintetiza), para atender a los aspectos comunes que hacen posible su reunión. Esto nos llevará a algunas conclusiones sobre el conflicto entre Platón y el anonimato.

In this work, chitosan films loaded with gallic acid and different content of chitin nanofibers were prepared and subjected to different characterization techniques. The results showed that the inclusion of gallic acid to chitosan films caused moderate decrease in water vapor permeability (by 29 %) and increased tensile strength of films (by 169 %) in comparison to the neat chitosan films. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of chitin nanofibers up to 30 % into chitosan/gallic acid films additionally improved tensile strength (by 474 %) and reduced plasticity of films (by 171 %), when compared to the chitosan/gallic acid films. Increased concentration of chitin nanofibers in films reduced the overall water vapor permeability of films by 51 %. In addition, gallic acid and chitin nanofibers had synergic effect on high chitosan film's antioxidant and antifungal activity toward Botrytis cinerea (both above 95 %). Finally, chitosan/gallic acid/chitin nanofibers films reduced decay incidence of strawberries, increased total soluble solid content, and promoted high production of some polyphenols during cold storage, in comparison to the control chitosan films and uncoated strawberry samples. Hence, these results suggest that chitosan/gallic acid/chitin nanofibers can present eco-sustainable approach for preservation of strawberries, giving them additional nutritional value.

Information retrieval (IR) svolge il ruolo di classificare le informazioni nei motori di ricerca ampiamente utilizzati in molti scenari. I criteri utilizzati per produrre una classifica di elementi informativi sono segnali di corrispondenza tra i bisogni informativi, espressi come query, e gli elementi. Questi segnali sono legati alla nozione di rilevanza utilizzata per giudicare tali elementi. Questa tesi studia come progettare modelli IR in scenari specifici caratterizzati dai loro domini basati su fattori contestuali provenienti da istanze particolari. Abbiamo considerato i contesti di attività del recupero di studi clinici (CTR) e del recupero di documenti accademici (SDR). Rispetto al tradizionale recupero di testo ad hoc, CTR, e SDR presentano sfide diverse. Le query potrebbero essere molto più lunghe e complesse delle comuni query basate su parole chiave; la definizione della pertinenza di un documento rispetto a una questione va oltre la rilevanza generale dell'attualità e, come tale, la sua valutazione può richiedere conoscenze specialistiche. Abbiamo proposto un approccio di apprendimento del curriculum per affrontare il problema del CTR in cui un modello viene prima ottimizzato in base alla pertinenza dell'argomento e poi alla classificazione di ammissibilità. Questa impostazione viene utilizzata per stabilire una pipeline di riclassificazione. La nostra formula di riclassificazione proposta modella esplicitamente le decisioni di ammissibilità invece di utilizzare solo la pertinenza d'attualità e mostra un ulteriore miglioramento delle prestazioni paragonabile ad approcci più costosi. Nel caso dei SDR, classificare i documenti accademici in base ai loro temi di ricerca è un compito importante per migliorarne la recuperabilità. Per stabilire un punto di riferimento per la classificazione dei temi di ricerca, presentiamo esperimenti e risultati di valutazione con modelli tradizionali di apprendimento automatico e li confrontiamo con una pipeline p, Information retrieval (IR) plays the role of ranking information items in search engines widely used in many scenarios. The criteria used to produce a rank of information items are matching signals between information needs, expressed as queries, and the items. These signals are related to the notion of relevance used to judge such items. This thesis studies how to design IR models in specific scenarios, characterized by their domains, based on contextual factors from particular instances. We have considered the task contexts of Clinical Trials Retrieval (CTR) and Scholarly Document Retrieval (SDR), specifically addressing search processes in clinical trials collections and collections of academic documents, respectively. Compared to traditional ad-hoc text retrieval, CTR and SDR exhibit different challenges: the queries could be much longer and more complex than common keyword-based queries; the definition of the relevance of a document to a query is beyond general topical relevance (i.e., the semantic relationship between texts), and as such, its assessment may require expert knowledge. Curriculum learning is an approach in machine learning that involves designing a curriculum to enable the model to learn concepts progressively from simple to complex, especially when a task can be decomposed. We proposed a curriculum learning approach to address the CTR problem, in which a model is first optimized based on topical relevance and then on eligibility classification (i.e., screening the criteria given in a trial for patient enrollment). This setting is used to establish a re-ranking pipeline. Our proposed re-ranking formula explicitly models the eligibility decisions instead of using only the topical relevance and shows additional performance improvement comparable to more expensive approaches. In the case of SDR, classifying scholarly documents according to their research themes is an important task to improve their retrievability. To establish a benchmark for resear

Historical events often carry an air of uncertainty, like a fog that veils their boundaries. Questions arise about when the historical process leading to a coup d’état, or in the case examined in this book, an attempted coup, truly begins. How is it orchestrated? What delineates its scope? Who are the involved actors, and what fields of study and knowledge are essential for comprehending it? This book delves into the attempted coup that transpired on January 8, 2023, in Brasilia, Brazil, following the defeat of Jair Bolsonaro and the inauguration of his successor, President Luis Inácio Lula da Silva. On that day, thousands of extremist Bolsonaro supporters invaded, sacked, and vandalized federal government buildings in Brasília with the aim of inciting a military coup against the Lula da Silva government and reinstating Jair Bolsonaro as the president of Brazil. The essays and artistic interventions in this collection aim to unravel the various dimensions of this pivotal event. They discuss the origins, occurrence, and aftermath of anti-democratic Bolsonarist mobilizations, with a specific focus on the communicative and symbolic aspects of this historical occurrence. From examining historical aspects to exploring aesthetic meanings, communication strategies, and the dynamics of a collective unconscious, The Planalto Riots: Making and Unmaking a Failed Coup in Brazil provides a critical perspective on the intricate process of how an attempted coup is both constructed and dismantled., https://www.librarystack.org/planalto-riots-making-and-unmaking-a-failed-coup-in-brazil-the/?ref=unknown