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The objective of our project is to capture pictures or videos by surrounding a circle of objects, such as chairs, tables, cars, and more.[1]Utilizing advanced 3D reconstruction technology, we aim to generate 3D models of these captured objects. Post reconstruction, these 3D models can be edited through an intuitive interface, enabling users to apply different textures and make other modifications. This project has significant applications in various domains such as home decoration, vehicle customization, and beyond. For the 3D reconstruction in this project, we employed Nvidia's latest ngp-instant method, which leverages hash encoding for 3D graphics reconstruction. This technique offers a faster inference speed compared to traditional NeRF (Neural Radiance Fields). Following the 3D reconstruction, we apply volume rendering to visualize the 3D models. To facilitate user editability[2], we integrated an editable interface inspired by StyleGAN, utilizing a texture loss function to transform the 3D model into a customizable texture. This combination of technologies allows for a seamless and efficient process in creating and editing 3D models from 2D images.

The objective of our project is to capture pictures or videos by surrounding a circle of objects, such as chairs, tables, cars, and more.[1]Utilizing advanced 3D reconstruction technology, we aim to generate 3D models of these captured objects. Post reconstruction, these 3D models can be edited through an intuitive interface, enabling users to apply different textures and make other modifications. This project has significant applications in various domains such as home decoration, vehicle customization, and beyond. For the 3D reconstruction in this project, we employed Nvidia's latest ngp-instant method, which leverages hash encoding for 3D graphics reconstruction. This technique offers a faster inference speed compared to traditional NeRF (Neural Radiance Fields). Following the 3D reconstruction, we apply volume rendering to visualize the 3D models. To facilitate user editability[2], we integrated an editable interface inspired by StyleGAN, utilizing a texture loss function to transform the 3D model into a customizable texture. This combination of technologies allows for a seamless and efficient process in creating and editing 3D models from 2D images.

Holoprinters based on holographic stereograms (HS) have been developed to synthesize holograms by using 2D images with perspective information of 3D objects. The objects can be real or computer generated. HS has been applied to different fields such as engineering, medicine and military because the high visual impact of the tridimensional and multi-view images it presents. To implement a Holoprinter requires development of three components: i) 2D images generation, ii) optical system design for HS recording and iii) mechanical and control implementation. Therefore, we design and develop each of the components, which integrated compose a holoprinter to synthesize full parallax HS. This paper studies basis for production of this kind of holograms and describes the computational and opto-mechanical design and implementation that we have made. Experimental HS were obtained to validate the system.

Leaching using deep eutectic solvent (DES) can be an alternative solution for environmentally friendly leaching. Two choline chloride (ChCl) based DESs are investigated using two different oxidants for each DES, which are ChCl-ethylene glycol and ChCl-lactic acid with iodine (I2) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxidants. This study attempts a new method of determining leaching dissolution rate by using 3D image analysis from single particle leaching experiment to optimize leaching process through time. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used to scan the particle to get 3D images, volume and surface area of the particle before and after the leaching. Gold, silver and telluride minerals are used as the target minerals, whereas galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite are used as the gangue minerals. The dissolution rate of these minerals calculated from the 3D image processing are then combined with mineral liberation analysis (MLA) data of a sulphide concentrate. This MLA data provides mineralogical characteristic along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based image to be used in leaching simulation to get mineral recoveries. This method shows that selectivity of each target and gangue mineral dissolution in different solution can be observed and compared. The dissolution rate can also be applied in predicting leaching using different characteristic of ores or concentrates. Batch leaching experiments using all the leaching solutions are also done to compare the leaching simulation result.

Leaching using deep eutectic solvent (DES) can be an alternative solution for environmentally friendly leaching. Two choline chloride (ChCl) based DESs are investigated using two different oxidants for each DES, which are ChCl-ethylene glycol and ChCl-lactic acid with iodine (I2) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxidants. This study attempts a new method of determining leaching dissolution rate by using 3D image analysis from single particle leaching experiment to optimize leaching process through time. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used to scan the particle to get 3D images, volume and surface area of the particle before and after the leaching. Gold, silver and telluride minerals are used as the target minerals, whereas galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite are used as the gangue minerals. The dissolution rate of these minerals calculated from the 3D image processing are then combined with mineral liberation analysis (MLA) data of a sulphide concentrate. This MLA data provides mineralogical characteristic along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based image to be used in leaching simulation to get mineral recoveries. This method shows that selectivity of each target and gangue mineral dissolution in different solution can be observed and compared. The dissolution rate can also be applied in predicting leaching using different characteristic of ores or concentrates. Batch leaching experiments using all the leaching solutions are also done to compare the leaching simulation result.

The paper presents a new method of more precise estimation of the depth map in 3D videos. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in sophisticated combination of partial results obtained by selected existing passive and active 3D scanning methods. The aim of the combination is to overcome drawbacks of individual methods and this way to improve the accessible precision of the final depth map. The active method used is incoherent profilometry scanning which fails on surface discontinuities. As a passive method, a stereo pair matching is used. This method is currently the most widely applied method of depth map estimation in the field of 3D capturing and is available in various implementations. Unfortunately, it fails if there is a lack of identifiable corresponding points in the scanned scene. The paper provides a specific way of combining these methods to improve the accuracy and usability. The proposed innovative technique exploits the advantages of both approaches. Specifically, the more accurate depth profiles of individual discontinuous objects obtained from the active method, and information about mean depths of the objects from the stereo pair are combined. Two implementations of the passive method have been tested for combination with active scanning: matching from stereo pair, and SIFT. The paper includes a brief description of the active and passive methods used and a thorough explanation of their combination. As an example, the proposed method is tested on a simple scene whose nature enables straight assessment of the achieved accuracy. The choice of a suitable implementation of the passive component is also shown and discussed. The obtained results of individual existing methods used and of the proposed combined method are given and compared. To demonstrate the contribution of the proposed combined method, also a comparison with the results obtained with a commercial solution is presented with significantly good results.

The paper presents a new method of more precise estimation of the depth map in 3D videos. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in sophisticated combination of partial results obtained by selected existing passive and active 3D scanning methods. The aim of the combination is to overcome drawbacks of individual methods and this way to improve the accessible precision of the final depth map. The active method used is incoherent profilometry scanning which fails on surface discontinuities. As a passive method, a stereo pair matching is used. This method is currently the most widely applied method of depth map estimation in the field of 3D capturing and is available in various implementations. Unfortunately, it fails if there is a lack of identifiable corresponding points in the scanned scene. The paper provides a specific way of combining these methods to improve the accuracy and usability. The proposed innovative technique exploits the advantages of both approaches. Specifically, the more accurate depth profiles of individual discontinuous objects obtained from the active method, and information about mean depths of the objects from the stereo pair are combined. Two implementations of the passive method have been tested for combination with active scanning: matching from stereo pair, and SIFT. The paper includes a brief description of the active and passive methods used and a thorough explanation of their combination. As an example, the proposed method is tested on a simple scene whose nature enables straight assessment of the achieved accuracy. The choice of a suitable implementation of the passive component is also shown and discussed. The obtained results of individual existing methods used and of the proposed combined method are given and compared. To demonstrate the contribution of the proposed combined method, also a comparison with the results obtained with a commercial solution is presented with significantly good results.

The paper presents a new method of more precise estimation of the depth map in 3D videos. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in sophisticated combination of partial results obtained by selected existing passive and active 3D scanning methods. The aim of the combination is to overcome drawbacks of individual methods and this way to improve the accessible precision of the final depth map. The active method used is incoherent profilometry scanning which fails on surface discontinuities. As a passive method, a stereo pair matching is used. This method is currently the most widely applied method of depth map estimation in the field of 3D capturing and is available in various implementations. Unfortunately, it fails if there is a lack of identifiable corresponding points in the scanned scene. The paper provides a specific way of combining these methods to improve the accuracy and usability. The proposed innovative technique exploits the advantages of both approaches. Specifically, the more accurate depth profiles of individual discontinuous objects obtained from the active method, and information about mean depths of the objects from the stereo pair are combined. Two implementations of the passive method have been tested for combination with active scanning: matching from stereo pair, and SIFT. The paper includes a brief description of the active and passive methods used and a thorough explanation of their combination. As an example, the proposed method is tested on a simple scene whose nature enables straight assessment of the achieved accuracy. The choice of a suitable implementation of the passive component is also shown and discussed. The obtained results of individual existing methods used and of the proposed combined method are given and compared. To demonstrate the contribution of the proposed combined method, also a comparison with the results obtained with a commercial solution is presented with significantly good results.

We suggest a symmetric-polar pixellation scheme which makes possible a reduction of the computational cost for expectation maximization (EM) iterative algorithms. The proposed symmetric-polar pixellation allows us to deal with 3D images as a whole problem without dividing the 3D problem into 2D slices approach. Performance evaluation of each approach in terms of stability and image quality is presented. Exhaustive comparisons between all approaches were conducted in a 2D based image reconstruction model. From these 2D approaches, that showing the best performances were finally implemented and evaluated in a 3D based image reconstruction model. Comparison to 3D images reconstructed with FBP is also presented. Although the algorithm is presented in the context of computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction, it can be applied to any other tomographic technique as well, due to the fact that the only requirement is a scanning geometry involving measurements of an object under different projection angles. Real data have been acquired with a small animal (CT) scanner to verify the proposed mathematical description of the CT system.

We suggest a symmetric-polar pixellation scheme which makes possible a reduction of the computational cost for expectation maximization (EM) iterative algorithms. The proposed symmetric-polar pixellation allows us to deal with 3D images as a whole problem without dividing the 3D problem into 2D slices approach. Performance evaluation of each approach in terms of stability and image quality is presented. Exhaustive comparisons between all approaches were conducted in a 2D based image reconstruction model. From these 2D approaches, that showing the best performances were finally implemented and evaluated in a 3D based image reconstruction model. Comparison to 3D images reconstructed with FBP is also presented. Although the algorithm is presented in the context of computed tomography (CT) image reconstruction, it can be applied to any other tomographic technique as well, due to the fact that the only requirement is a scanning geometry involving measurements of an object under different projection angles. Real data have been acquired with a small animal (CT) scanner to verify the proposed mathematical description of the CT system.

Many known algorithms allow us to topologically recognize surfaces in 3D images. However, none of them permits us to distinguish different types of embeddings of surfaces. In this paper, we restrict our study to the case of embedded tori, and focus on their recognition up to isotopy. We recall the mathematical definition of isotopy, then we define the two key elements which will enable us to classify an embedded torus in R3 up to isotopy : its state and the knot associated with it. At the end of the paper, we bring up two algorithms which aim at finding the isotopy type of an embedded torus, by determining its state and computing its associated knot.

Many known algorithms allow us to topologically recognize surfaces in 3D images. However, none of them permits us to distinguish different types of embeddings of surfaces. In this paper, we restrict our study to the case of embedded tori, and focus on their recognition up to isotopy. We recall the mathematical definition of isotopy, then we define the two key elements which will enable us to classify an embedded torus in R3 up to isotopy : its state and the knot associated with it. At the end of the paper, we bring up two algorithms which aim at finding the isotopy type of an embedded torus, by determining its state and computing its associated knot.

Many known algorithms allow us to topologically recognize surfaces in 3D images. However, none of them permits us to distinguish different types of embeddings of surfaces. In this paper, we restrict our study to the case of embedded tori, and focus on their recognition up to isotopy. We recall the mathematical definition of isotopy, then we define the two key elements which will enable us to classify an embedded torus in R3 up to isotopy : its state and the knot associated with it. At the end of the paper, we bring up two algorithms which aim at finding the isotopy type of an embedded torus, by determining its state and computing its associated knot.

Many known algorithms allow us to topologically recognize surfaces in 3D images. However, none of them permits us to distinguish different types of embeddings of surfaces. In this paper, we restrict our study to the case of embedded tori, and focus on their recognition up to isotopy. We recall the mathematical definition of isotopy, then we define the two key elements which will enable us to classify an embedded torus in R3 up to isotopy : its state and the knot associated with it. At the end of the paper, we bring up two algorithms which aim at finding the isotopy type of an embedded torus, by determining its state and computing its associated knot.

Many known algorithms allow us to topologically recognize surfaces in 3D images. However, none of them permits us to distinguish different types of embeddings of surfaces. In this paper, we restrict our study to the case of embedded tori, and focus on their recognition up to isotopy. We recall the mathematical definition of isotopy, then we define the two key elements which will enable us to classify an embedded torus in R3 up to isotopy : its state and the knot associated with it. At the end of the paper, we bring up two algorithms which aim at finding the isotopy type of an embedded torus, by determining its state and computing its associated knot.

Many known algorithms allow us to topologically recognize surfaces in 3D images. However, none of them permits us to distinguish different types of embeddings of surfaces. In this paper, we restrict our study to the case of embedded tori, and focus on their recognition up to isotopy. We recall the mathematical definition of isotopy, then we define the two key elements which will enable us to classify an embedded torus in R3 up to isotopy : its state and the knot associated with it. At the end of the paper, we bring up two algorithms which aim at finding the isotopy type of an embedded torus, by determining its state and computing its associated knot.

A critical task of vision-based manufacturing applications is to generate a virtual representation of a physical object from a dataset of point clouds. Its success relies on reliable algorithms and tools. Many effective technologies have been developed to solve various problems involved in data acquisition and processing. Some articles are available on evaluating and reviewing these technologies and underlying methodologies. However, for most practitioners who lack a strong background on mathematics and computer science, it is hard to understand theoretical fundamentals of the methodologies. In this paper, we intend to survey and evaluate recent advances in data acquisition and progressing,and provide an overview from a manufacturing perspective. Some potential manufacturing applications have been introduced, the technical gaps between the practical requirements and existing technologies discussed, and research opportunities identified.

The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) initiated BAA-05-04-HE with an objective to assess human performance in identifying patterns or subtle targets, comparing the effectiveness of 2D and 3D static visual stimuli based on identical example data sets. The research was tailored to the mission and task of the Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC), and was a joint effort between AFRL/RHA in Mesa, AZ, its on-site support contractors (L-3 Communications and The Boeing Company), and Zebra Imaging of Austin, TX. Nine experienced JTACs participated in the evaluation. They first read through a written scenario similar to ones used both in actual combat and also in training exercises. The JTACs then were shown conventional 2D imagery and 3D holograms relating to the scenario, and participated in a detailed survey interview. During the survey they verbally answered questionnaire questions including comparison ratings of various aspects of the 2D and 3D imagery on a scale of effectiveness ranging from 1 (poorest) to 10 (best). All nine JTACS rated the 3D holograms as more effective than 2D photos for all mission planning and execution tasks and subtasks. The most frequently cited benefits of the holograms were relative height information, enhanced collateral damage estimation (CDE), and determining lines of sight and lines of fire. The 1": 15m scale was considered the most useful for JTAC purposes. The success of this research leads to the primary recommendation that a proof-of-concept field deployment be undertaken. Other recommendations concerning mission applications, formats and night implementations also are cited., Prepared in cooperation with The Boeing Company and with L-3 Communications, Mesa, AZ.

In recent years camera prototypes based on Integral Imaging (II) have emerged that are capable of capturing three-dimensional (3D) images. When being viewed on a 3D display, these II-pictures convey depth and content that realistically change perspective as the viewer changes the viewing position. The dissertation concentrates on three restraining factors concerning II-picture progress. Firstly, there is a lack of digital II-pictures available for inter alia comparative research and coding scheme development. Secondly, there is an absence of objective quality metrics that explicitly measure distortion with respect to the II-picture properties: depth and view-angle dependency. Thirdly, low coding efficiencies are achieved when present image coding standards are applied to II-pictures. A computer synthesis method has been developed, which enables the production of different II-picture types. An II-camera model forms a basis and is combined with a scene description language that allows for the describing of arbitrary complex virtual scenes. The light transport within the scene and into the II-camera is simulated using ray-tracing and geometrical optics. A number of II-camera models, scene descriptions, and II-pictures are produced using the presented method. Two quality evaluation metrics have been constructed to objectively quantify the distortion contained in an II-picture with respect to its specific properties. The first metric models how the distortion is perceived by a viewer watching an II-display from different viewing-angles. The second metric estimates the depth-distribution of the distortion. New aspects of coding-induced artifacts within the II-picture are revealed using the proposed metrics. Finally, a coding scheme for II-pictures has been developed that inter alia utilizes the video coding standard H.264/AVC by firstly transforming the II-picture into a pseudo video sequence. The properties of the coding scheme have been studied in detail and compared wi, De senaste åren har kameraprototyper som kan fånga tredimensionella (3D) bilder presenterats, baserade på 3D-tekniken Integral Imaging (II). När dessa II-bilder betraktas på en 3D-skärm, delger de både ett djup och ett innehåll som på ett realistiskt sätt ändrar perspektiv när tittaren ändrar sin betraktningsposition. Avhandlingen koncentrerar sig på tre återhållande faktorer gällande II-bilder. För det första finns det en mycket begränsad allmän tillgång till II-bilder för jämförande forskning och utveckling av kodningsmetoder. Det finns heller inga objektiva kvalitetsmått som uttryckligen mäter distorsion med avseende på II-bildens egenskaper: djup och betraktningsvinkelberoende. Slutligen uppnår nuvarande standarder för bildkodning låg kodningseffektivitet när de appliceras på II-bilder. En metod baserad på datorrendrering har utvecklats som tillåter produktion av olika typer av II-bilder. En II-kameramodel ingår som bas, kombinerat med ett scenbeskrivningsspråk som möjligör att godtydligt komplexa virtuella scener definieras. Ljustransporten inom scenen och fram till II-kameran simuleras med strålföljning och geometrisk optik. Den presenterade metoden används för att skapa ett antal II-kameramodeller, scendefinitioner och II-bilder. Två kvalitetmått har tagits fram för att objektivt kvantifiera distorsion som kan uppträda i en II-bild med avseende på dess specifika egenskaper. Det första måttet modellerar hur distortionen uppfattas av en tittare som betraktar en 3D-skärm ur olika betraktningsvinklar. Det andra måttet beräknar distorsionens djupdistribution inom II-bilden. Nya aspekter av kodningsinducerade artefakter påvisas med de föreslagna kvalitetsmåtten. Slutligen har en kodningsmetod för II-bilder utarbetats som bland annat utnyttjar videokodningsstandarden H.264/AVC genom att först transformera II-bilden till en pseudovideosekvens (PVS). Kodningsmetodens egenskaper har studerats i detalj och jämförts med andra kodningsmetoder, bland annat med hjälp av de

Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) foams were prepared, via a batch process, by using supercritical CO2 as foaming agent. Their porous structure was characterized through mercury porosimetry, helium and mercury pycnometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microtomography observations coupled with image analysis. The pore size distributions obtained by these two latter techniques show that the pore structure is more homogeneous when the foaming process is performed under a high CO2 saturation pressure (higher than 250 bars).

In recent years camera prototypes based on Integral Imaging (II) have emerged that are capable of capturing three-dimensional (3D) images. When being viewed on a 3D display, these II-pictures convey depth and content that realistically change perspective as the viewer changes the viewing position. The dissertation concentrates on three restraining factors concerning II-picture progress. Firstly, there is a lack of digital II-pictures available for inter alia comparative research and coding scheme development. Secondly, there is an absence of objective quality metrics that explicitly measure distortion with respect to the II-picture properties: depth and view-angle dependency. Thirdly, low coding efficiencies are achieved when present image coding standards are applied to II-pictures. A computer synthesis method has been developed, which enables the production of different II-picture types. An II-camera model forms a basis and is combined with a scene description language that allows for the describing of arbitrary complex virtual scenes. The light transport within the scene and into the II-camera is simulated using ray-tracing and geometrical optics. A number of II-camera models, scene descriptions, and II-pictures are produced using the presented method. Two quality evaluation metrics have been constructed to objectively quantify the distortion contained in an II-picture with respect to its specific properties. The first metric models how the distortion is perceived by a viewer watching an II-display from different viewing-angles. The second metric estimates the depth-distribution of the distortion. New aspects of coding-induced artifacts within the II-picture are revealed using the proposed metrics. Finally, a coding scheme for II-pictures has been developed that inter alia utilizes the video coding standard H.264/AVC by firstly transforming the II-picture into a pseudo video sequence. The properties of the coding scheme have been studied in detail and compared wi, De senaste åren har kameraprototyper som kan fånga tredimensionella (3D) bilder presenterats, baserade på 3D-tekniken Integral Imaging (II). När dessa II-bilder betraktas på en 3D-skärm, delger de både ett djup och ett innehåll som på ett realistiskt sätt ändrar perspektiv när tittaren ändrar sin betraktningsposition. Avhandlingen koncentrerar sig på tre återhållande faktorer gällande II-bilder. För det första finns det en mycket begränsad allmän tillgång till II-bilder för jämförande forskning och utveckling av kodningsmetoder. Det finns heller inga objektiva kvalitetsmått som uttryckligen mäter distorsion med avseende på II-bildens egenskaper: djup och betraktningsvinkelberoende. Slutligen uppnår nuvarande standarder för bildkodning låg kodningseffektivitet när de appliceras på II-bilder. En metod baserad på datorrendrering har utvecklats som tillåter produktion av olika typer av II-bilder. En II-kameramodel ingår som bas, kombinerat med ett scenbeskrivningsspråk som möjligör att godtydligt komplexa virtuella scener definieras. Ljustransporten inom scenen och fram till II-kameran simuleras med strålföljning och geometrisk optik. Den presenterade metoden används för att skapa ett antal II-kameramodeller, scendefinitioner och II-bilder. Två kvalitetmått har tagits fram för att objektivt kvantifiera distorsion som kan uppträda i en II-bild med avseende på dess specifika egenskaper. Det första måttet modellerar hur distortionen uppfattas av en tittare som betraktar en 3D-skärm ur olika betraktningsvinklar. Det andra måttet beräknar distorsionens djupdistribution inom II-bilden. Nya aspekter av kodningsinducerade artefakter påvisas med de föreslagna kvalitetsmåtten. Slutligen har en kodningsmetod för II-bilder utarbetats som bland annat utnyttjar videokodningsstandarden H.264/AVC genom att först transformera II-bilden till en pseudovideosekvens (PVS). Kodningsmetodens egenskaper har studerats i detalj och jämförts med andra kodningsmetoder, bland annat med hjälp av de

In recent years camera prototypes based on Integral Imaging (II) have emerged that are capable of capturing three-dimensional (3D) images. When being viewed on a 3D display, these II-pictures convey depth and content that realistically change perspective as the viewer changes the viewing position. The dissertation concentrates on three restraining factors concerning II-picture progress. Firstly, there is a lack of digital II-pictures available for inter alia comparative research and coding scheme development. Secondly, there is an absence of objective quality metrics that explicitly measure distortion with respect to the II-picture properties: depth and view-angle dependency. Thirdly, low coding efficiencies are achieved when present image coding standards are applied to II-pictures. A computer synthesis method has been developed, which enables the production of different II-picture types. An II-camera model forms a basis and is combined with a scene description language that allows for the describing of arbitrary complex virtual scenes. The light transport within the scene and into the II-camera is simulated using ray-tracing and geometrical optics. A number of II-camera models, scene descriptions, and II-pictures are produced using the presented method. Two quality evaluation metrics have been constructed to objectively quantify the distortion contained in an II-picture with respect to its specific properties. The first metric models how the distortion is perceived by a viewer watching an II-display from different viewing-angles. The second metric estimates the depth-distribution of the distortion. New aspects of coding-induced artifacts within the II-picture are revealed using the proposed metrics. Finally, a coding scheme for II-pictures has been developed that inter alia utilizes the video coding standard H.264/AVC by firstly transforming the II-picture into a pseudo video sequence. The properties of the coding scheme have been studied in detail and compared wi, De senaste åren har kameraprototyper som kan fånga tredimensionella (3D) bilder presenterats, baserade på 3D-tekniken Integral Imaging (II). När dessa II-bilder betraktas på en 3D-skärm, delger de både ett djup och ett innehåll som på ett realistiskt sätt ändrar perspektiv när tittaren ändrar sin betraktningsposition. Avhandlingen koncentrerar sig på tre återhållande faktorer gällande II-bilder. För det första finns det en mycket begränsad allmän tillgång till II-bilder för jämförande forskning och utveckling av kodningsmetoder. Det finns heller inga objektiva kvalitetsmått som uttryckligen mäter distorsion med avseende på II-bildens egenskaper: djup och betraktningsvinkelberoende. Slutligen uppnår nuvarande standarder för bildkodning låg kodningseffektivitet när de appliceras på II-bilder. En metod baserad på datorrendrering har utvecklats som tillåter produktion av olika typer av II-bilder. En II-kameramodel ingår som bas, kombinerat med ett scenbeskrivningsspråk som möjligör att godtydligt komplexa virtuella scener definieras. Ljustransporten inom scenen och fram till II-kameran simuleras med strålföljning och geometrisk optik. Den presenterade metoden används för att skapa ett antal II-kameramodeller, scendefinitioner och II-bilder. Två kvalitetmått har tagits fram för att objektivt kvantifiera distorsion som kan uppträda i en II-bild med avseende på dess specifika egenskaper. Det första måttet modellerar hur distortionen uppfattas av en tittare som betraktar en 3D-skärm ur olika betraktningsvinklar. Det andra måttet beräknar distorsionens djupdistribution inom II-bilden. Nya aspekter av kodningsinducerade artefakter påvisas med de föreslagna kvalitetsmåtten. Slutligen har en kodningsmetod för II-bilder utarbetats som bland annat utnyttjar videokodningsstandarden H.264/AVC genom att först transformera II-bilden till en pseudovideosekvens (PVS). Kodningsmetodens egenskaper har studerats i detalj och jämförts med andra kodningsmetoder, bland annat med hjälp av de

In recent years camera prototypes based on Integral Imaging (II) have emerged that are capable of capturing three-dimensional (3D) images. When being viewed on a 3D display, these II-pictures convey depth and content that realistically change perspective as the viewer changes the viewing position. The dissertation concentrates on three restraining factors concerning II-picture progress. Firstly, there is a lack of digital II-pictures available for inter alia comparative research and coding scheme development. Secondly, there is an absence of objective quality metrics that explicitly measure distortion with respect to the II-picture properties: depth and view-angle dependency. Thirdly, low coding efficiencies are achieved when present image coding standards are applied to II-pictures. A computer synthesis method has been developed, which enables the production of different II-picture types. An II-camera model forms a basis and is combined with a scene description language that allows for the describing of arbitrary complex virtual scenes. The light transport within the scene and into the II-camera is simulated using ray-tracing and geometrical optics. A number of II-camera models, scene descriptions, and II-pictures are produced using the presented method. Two quality evaluation metrics have been constructed to objectively quantify the distortion contained in an II-picture with respect to its specific properties. The first metric models how the distortion is perceived by a viewer watching an II-display from different viewing-angles. The second metric estimates the depth-distribution of the distortion. New aspects of coding-induced artifacts within the II-picture are revealed using the proposed metrics. Finally, a coding scheme for II-pictures has been developed that inter alia utilizes the video coding standard H.264/AVC by firstly transforming the II-picture into a pseudo video sequence. The properties of the coding scheme have been studied in detail and compared wi, De senaste åren har kameraprototyper som kan fånga tredimensionella (3D) bilder presenterats, baserade på 3D-tekniken Integral Imaging (II). När dessa II-bilder betraktas på en 3D-skärm, delger de både ett djup och ett innehåll som på ett realistiskt sätt ändrar perspektiv när tittaren ändrar sin betraktningsposition. Avhandlingen koncentrerar sig på tre återhållande faktorer gällande II-bilder. För det första finns det en mycket begränsad allmän tillgång till II-bilder för jämförande forskning och utveckling av kodningsmetoder. Det finns heller inga objektiva kvalitetsmått som uttryckligen mäter distorsion med avseende på II-bildens egenskaper: djup och betraktningsvinkelberoende. Slutligen uppnår nuvarande standarder för bildkodning låg kodningseffektivitet när de appliceras på II-bilder. En metod baserad på datorrendrering har utvecklats som tillåter produktion av olika typer av II-bilder. En II-kameramodel ingår som bas, kombinerat med ett scenbeskrivningsspråk som möjligör att godtydligt komplexa virtuella scener definieras. Ljustransporten inom scenen och fram till II-kameran simuleras med strålföljning och geometrisk optik. Den presenterade metoden används för att skapa ett antal II-kameramodeller, scendefinitioner och II-bilder. Två kvalitetmått har tagits fram för att objektivt kvantifiera distorsion som kan uppträda i en II-bild med avseende på dess specifika egenskaper. Det första måttet modellerar hur distortionen uppfattas av en tittare som betraktar en 3D-skärm ur olika betraktningsvinklar. Det andra måttet beräknar distorsionens djupdistribution inom II-bilden. Nya aspekter av kodningsinducerade artefakter påvisas med de föreslagna kvalitetsmåtten. Slutligen har en kodningsmetod för II-bilder utarbetats som bland annat utnyttjar videokodningsstandarden H.264/AVC genom att först transformera II-bilden till en pseudovideosekvens (PVS). Kodningsmetodens egenskaper har studerats i detalj och jämförts med andra kodningsmetoder, bland annat med hjälp av de

PET is a nuclear medical examination which constructs a three-dimensional image of metabolism inside the body; in this article is particular, images are taken from the brain. The high complexity inherent to the interpretation of the brain images makes that any help is important to the specialists in order to accurate the diagnostic. In orden to reach reliable and good images, a normalizacion precess is suggested in this paper, consisting of contring the brain in the three-dimensional image, scaling it according to a template brain and, finally, rotating the brain according to the inclination of the template. For not reducing the quality of the information the application works with PET image format and radioactivity measures instead of translate to an ordinary colour image.

PET is a nuclear medical examination which constructs a three-dimensional image of metabolism inside the body; in this article is particular, images are taken from the brain. The high complexity inherent to the interpretation of the brain images makes that any help is important to the specialists in order to accurate the diagnostic. In orden to reach reliable and good images, a normalizacion precess is suggested in this paper, consisting of contring the brain in the three-dimensional image, scaling it according to a template brain and, finally, rotating the brain according to the inclination of the template. For not reducing the quality of the information the application works with PET image format and radioactivity measures instead of translate to an ordinary colour image.

A survey of inspection systems using range images is presented; the review focus especially on papers published from 2000 to 2006. The inspection systems are classified according to the techniques used in the acquisition stage. The specific applications of inspection considered in the mentioned works are described, as well as the most outstanding characteristics of systems developed to date. Tendencies in such developments are identified from these characteristics, such as the search for increased CAD-model based flexibility and the preferential use of active triangulation systems (especially projecting structured light as a light plane and fringes instead of passive systems). The problem of inspecting deformable pieces is then presented, representing an open topic for considering developing future systems. The more relevant works related to this topic are also discussed., En este artículo se presenta una revisión sobre los sistemas de inspección presentados en la literatura, entre 2000 y 2006, que emplean mediciones de rango como fuente de información para realizar el control de calidad sobre diferentes objetos o productos. Los sistemas de inspección citados se clasificaron de acuerdo a las técnicas empleadas en la etapa de adquisición. Se describen las aplicaciones específicas de inspección consideradas en los trabajos citados, así como las características más relevantes de los sistemas desarrollados. A partir de dichas características se identifican las tendencias que se presentan en tales desarrollos, como son: la búsqueda de mayor flexibilidad, basadas en el uso de modelos CAD; y el uso preferente de sistemas de triangulación activa, en especial con proyección de luz estructurada en plano de luz y franjas, en vez de los sistemas pasivos. Finalmente, se plantea el problema de la inspección de piezas deformables, el cual representa un tema abierto a considerar para el desarrollo de futuros sistemas de inspección, y se discuten los trabajos más relevantes relacionados con este tema.

PET is a nuclear medical examination which constructs a three-dimensional image of metabolism inside the body; in this article is particular, images are taken from the brain. The high complexity inherent to the interpretation of the brain images makes that any help is important to the specialists in order to accurate the diagnostic. In orden to reach reliable and good images, a normalizacion precess is suggested in this paper, consisting of contring the brain in the three-dimensional image, scaling it according to a template brain and, finally, rotating the brain according to the inclination of the template. For not reducing the quality of the information the application works with PET image format and radioactivity measures instead of translate to an ordinary colour image.

There exist several approaches to extract the boundary of a 3D image. Most of them represent the extracted boundary as a collection of a large number of little triangular or quadrangular faces whereas few approaches give general orthogonal faces (with any number of edges and with possible holes). One of these approaches is based on a secondary model EVM and focusses mainly on the process to obtain the orientation of the output primitives (edges and faces). Actually, this algorithm obtains, for each plane, a set of oriented edges that have to be rearranged as contours and these contours have to be classified in order to have the corresponding inclusion relationships. These last two processes are performed in a simple brute force way. In this paper, we present an improved algorithm that processes all the edges of a plane and, following a plane-sweep based method, obtains the contours and the inclusion relationships., Postprint (published version)

An algorithm for automatic and accurate segmentation of multi-dimensional images is presented in this paper. It improves the classical watershed transform whose results are inaccurate when applied on noisy or anisotropic data. This algorithm combines a watershed-like region growing with a very simple marker selection step. It is particularly well suited for accurate segmentation of complex objects, such as the brain in 3D Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of the head since it provides an accurate and fully 3D segmentation in a reasonable computation time. Comparative results of the segmentation obtained by this algorithm and by the classical watershed transform are shown in the case of 3D MR images. Applications of this technique to 3D visualisation and brain sulcii identification are also presented. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

This report examines the use of still, moving, and 3D images and visualisations for investigation into the social and cultural role of airports. The potential to use these methods to help people remember, connect to, and visualise these social and cultural spaces of the past, present, and future is explored. It follows on from work conducted as part of the SPARA 2020 project Work Package 7 activities which involved: qualitative research on the social and cultural importance of peripheral and remote airports; production of best practice templates for airport engagement with community stakeholders; and development of engagement strategies for case study airports. This report details the results of a literature search into visual methods and critically reflects upon the use of visual methods (specifically photo elicitation) in remote and rural airport contexts. This literature review: gives an overview of visual methods; details how they are used and applied in various fields; discusses research which uses different types of visuals (still, moving, and 3D); engages in a critical discussion of visual methods including advantages and ethical considerations; examines the potential for visual methods to engage with community stakeholders in social and cultural research; and examines the potential for visual methods to be used in airport and transport research more specifically. The report also reflects on the earlier SPARA 2020 research which employed the photo elicitation visual methodology and discusses the role this visual method played in the project. It also draws upon the findings of an earlier photo elicitation study which examined the social and cultural role of the main street in remote and peripheral areas. Although the report details examples from a wide variety of airports of differing sizes, the implications for socially and culturally significant remote and peripheral airports are explored in more detail, in line with the scope of the SPARA 2020 project. As s

Cieľom tejto bakalárskej práce je vytvoriť webovú aplikáciu, ktorá umožňuje prehliadanie panoramatických fotografií s voliteľným mapovým podkladom. Aplikácia slúži pre potreby geodetov na pasportizáciu budov a areálov. Hlavnou úlohou aplikácie je zjednodušiť inšpekciu získaných obrazových dát. Riešenie pozostáva z vizuálneho zobrazenia prehliadky a vytorenia prepínacieho mapového podkladu., The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to develop a web application that facilitates viewing of panoramatic photographies while having an optional map background. Application works for usage of surveyors, mainly for pasportization of buildings and grounds. Main aim of the application is to simplify inspection of recorded image data. Solution consists of visual display of view and creating of switchable map background.

Cieľom tejto bakalárskej práce je vytvoriť webovú aplikáciu, ktorá umožňuje prehliadanie panoramatických fotografií s voliteľným mapovým podkladom. Aplikácia slúži pre potreby geodetov na pasportizáciu budov a areálov. Hlavnou úlohou aplikácie je zjednodušiť inšpekciu získaných obrazových dát. Riešenie pozostáva z vizuálneho zobrazenia prehliadky a vytorenia prepínacieho mapového podkladu., The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to develop a web application that facilitates viewing of panoramatic photographies while having an optional map background. Application works for usage of surveyors, mainly for pasportization of buildings and grounds. Main aim of the application is to simplify inspection of recorded image data. Solution consists of visual display of view and creating of switchable map background.

Cieľom tejto bakalárskej práce je vytvoriť webovú aplikáciu, ktorá umožňuje prehliadanie panoramatických fotografií s voliteľným mapovým podkladom. Aplikácia slúži pre potreby geodetov na pasportizáciu budov a areálov. Hlavnou úlohou aplikácie je zjednodušiť inšpekciu získaných obrazových dát. Riešenie pozostáva z vizuálneho zobrazenia prehliadky a vytorenia prepínacieho mapového podkladu., The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to develop a web application that facilitates viewing of panoramatic photographies while having an optional map background. Application works for usage of surveyors, mainly for pasportization of buildings and grounds. Main aim of the application is to simplify inspection of recorded image data. Solution consists of visual display of view and creating of switchable map background.

Cieľom tejto bakalárskej práce je vytvoriť webovú aplikáciu, ktorá umožňuje prehliadanie panoramatických fotografií s voliteľným mapovým podkladom. Aplikácia slúži pre potreby geodetov na pasportizáciu budov a areálov. Hlavnou úlohou aplikácie je zjednodušiť inšpekciu získaných obrazových dát. Riešenie pozostáva z vizuálneho zobrazenia prehliadky a vytorenia prepínacieho mapového podkladu., The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to develop a web application that facilitates viewing of panoramatic photographies while having an optional map background. Application works for usage of surveyors, mainly for pasportization of buildings and grounds. Main aim of the application is to simplify inspection of recorded image data. Solution consists of visual display of view and creating of switchable map background.

This report examines the use of still, moving, and 3D images and visualisations for investigation into the social and cultural role of airports. The potential to use these methods to help people remember, connect to, and visualise these social and cultural spaces of the past, present, and future is explored. It follows on from work conducted as part of the SPARA 2020 project Work Package 7 activities which involved: qualitative research on the social and cultural importance of peripheral and remote airports; production of best practice templates for airport engagement with community stakeholders; and development of engagement strategies for case study airports. This report details the results of a literature search into visual methods and critically reflects upon the use of visual methods (specifically photo elicitation) in remote and rural airport contexts. This literature review: gives an overview of visual methods; details how they are used and applied in various fields; discusses research which uses different types of visuals (still, moving, and 3D); engages in a critical discussion of visual methods including advantages and ethical considerations; examines the potential for visual methods to engage with community stakeholders in social and cultural research; and examines the potential for visual methods to be used in airport and transport research more specifically. The report also reflects on the earlier SPARA 2020 research which employed the photo elicitation visual methodology and discusses the role this visual method played in the project. It also draws upon the findings of an earlier photo elicitation study which examined the social and cultural role of the main street in remote and peripheral areas. Although the report details examples from a wide variety of airports of differing sizes, the implications for socially and culturally significant remote and peripheral airports are explored in more detail, in line with the scope of the SPARA 2020 project. As s