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基于广泛系统的文献梳理和总结,凝练了"十二五"以来中国应对气候变化政策和行动的现状、特点及成效,并提出针对性建议。主要结论包括:从外部环境看,国际形势对中国应对气候变化事业的推动作用呈现递减态势,之前"以外促内"的国内气候治理特点逐步转化为"内生动力为主"和"内外协调";从政策制定和执行模式看,"集思广益""上书模式"持续,"上下互动""智库支持"的政策学习特点更加明显;从政策体系上看,已经形成相对成熟的符合中国国情的完整体系,推动气候治理能力显著提高;从政策总体特点看,呈现规划主导并引领、行政手段先行市场机制跟进、由点到面有序扩展、环境与气候协同治理、中央和地方互动博弈形成动态平衡、短期内政策成本较高等特点。"十二五"至今,中国应对气候变化政策行动效果明显,提前实现了2020年应对气候变化目标,并在污染治理、经济发展等方面产生广泛协同效应。"十三五"中期以来,中国应对气候变化组织管理机构进行了重大调整,从中央到地方气候政策和行动进入调整阶段。同时,更加强调气候政策和环境政策的协同。展望未来,中国应对气候变化政策和行动应该尽快走出调整期,充分利用新体制的优势,以碳总量控制目标为抓手,坚定推动以全国碳排放权交易为中心、多措互补的政策体系,注重适应行动以应对不断放大的气候风险,继续提高公众对应对气候变化政策的认知度、接受度和参与度,并不断加强技术研发和储备。

培養終身學習者是學校教育的重要任務，轉變評估理念、將評估作為促學手段是教育政策的導向，將二者有機結合到課堂中，即利用課堂評估培養學生成為終身學習者的實踐訴求是研究源起。本研究依託自主學習概念界定終身學習者所需素養，調查中國大陸三所中學的課堂評估實踐可否培養自主學習者以及影響因素。研究由四個問題引導展開：促進自主學習的課堂評估特徵在中國中學體現如何？中國中學生自主學習狀況如何？各項課堂評估特徵對學生自主學習各維度的影響關係為何？不同課堂評估特徵對自主學習有不同影響的原因為何？本研究選取河北省與廣州市三所中學12個高二班級，通過問卷、訪談、（課堂與實物）觀察收集數據，研究課堂評估及學生自主學習狀況。共計有分屬生物、語文、英語三門學科的630名學生與12位教師參與。採用描述統計、多元方差分析、結構方程建模等量化統計方法並結合質化分析，研究結果如下：, 第一，參與研究中學課堂評估實踐在促進自主學習的特徵上處於中等水平，學科比較發現英語科水平最低。評估採用傳統任務形式，明顯模仿高考試題，包含不同題型，考查多種認知能力。學生自評以評分與評後反思跟進為主，互評僅為評分且互評機會少，學生無參與評估決策機會。教師對學生參與評估的指導主要在於精確評分，將評估視為管理工具，故剝奪學生參與決策機會。課堂口頭反饋是主要教師反饋渠道，反饋側重認知內容。課堂評估氛圍安全，阻礙學生積極應對課堂評估的主要是自尊。, 第二，學生自主學習水平也在中等，英語科水平最低。學生的元認知調節針對學習內容、不關注認知策略，較多做評估後反思與調整，但缺乏計劃與監視，著重"回顧"。認知策略上多用記憶法，精細加工策略居中，組織策略最少。學生內部動機較高，認為學習內容有價值；外部動機主要有高考與重要他人的期待，相對不重視社會比較或在同伴中地位。對動機調節策略的運用無意識，當有意識調節動機時，往往採用回避或控制，而非真正調節動機。, 第三，文獻指出七項評估特徵──評估任務、自評、互評、學生參與評估決策、教師指導與結構、教師反饋、評估氛圍──存在發展自主學習的契機，但本研究僅提供部分支持。其中可促進自主學習的包括自評、教師指導與結構以及教師反饋，評估任務及學生參與評估決策效用有限，利用互評、營造安全評估氛圍兩項策略未提升自主學習水平。, 第四，九類因素影響課堂評估對自主學習的效用。除評估本身的質與量方面因素外，存在七類"情境"因素：學生執行、學生對待反饋、學生積極主動參與、學生依賴、學習動機與策略不易變、學科特征、師生關係。, The New Curriculum Reform along with a series of official educational documents spells out the imperative for schools to foster lifelong learners; a formative assessment initiative also stands out in the reform. The present research explores the potential of integrating the two themes into regular classroom practice, i.e., formatively use classroom assessment (CA) to prepare students for lifelong learning. Four research questions guide this pursuit: How pro-SRL (Self-regulated learning) are Chinese high-school classroom assessment (HCA) practices in reference to seven assessment features? How well do Chinese high-school students regulate their learning? What is the impact of CA on students’ SRL? Why do CA strategies have varied impacts?, 630 high-school juniors and their 12 teachers, from 3 high schools in Hebei and Guangzhou, participated in the study. Questionnaire survey, interview, class observation and artifact collection were adopted to collect quantitative and qualitative data. The participants were chosen so as to represent various CA practices in different subject areas including biology, Chinese and EFL (English)., Quantitative analytical techniques including descriptive analysis, MANOVA, and SEM were employed in association with qualitative analysis to find, Firstly, HCA moderately bore pro-SRL features, though there were variations among the three subjects, with EFL the lowest. Specifically, HCA mainly relied on traditional assessment tasks that were obviously modeled on Gaokao papers; these tasks tapped a range of cognitive abilities. Self-assessment and peer-assessment focused on rating and not much else. Students profited from self-rating through reflection and reaction, but peer-rating was minimally engaging. Meanwhile peer-assessment was rare. Teacher instruction on assessment techniques, if any, was primarily concerning rating accuracy. In addition to the lack of real self- or peer-assessment practice, students were not involved in making decisions regarding their own assessment. This is because teachers saw assessment as a way to control and manage. Teacher feedback was usually delivered orally during class, mostly focused on the specific assessment tasks. Classroom assessment was not much of a high-stakes event but viewed by the students as an occasion where they needed protect their self-esteem., Secondly, students were medium-level self-regulated learners, and once again EFL students trailed others. When they metacognitively regulated their learning, the students took a retrospective approach, i.e., they reflected and reacted, but seldom planned and monitored. Also, they focused on what they learned, not how they learned what they learned. Memorization was the most common cognitive strategy, followed by elaboration, and organization. Students showed high intrinsic motivation; they deemed curricular materials relevant and important. Their extrinsic motivation was Gaokao-related, as well as fueled by their significant others’ expectations. Less high was the motivation to earn admiration from peers. Students were not knowledgeable about motivation-regulating strategies. As a result, they used volitional and avoidance approaches when learning motivation was low, though some of their learning activities had unintended effect of boosting motivation., Thirdly, the seven CA features, i.e., assessment task, self-assessment, peer-assessment, student involvement in decision-making, teacher instruction and structure, teacher feedback as well as assessment environment, did not contribute to SRL equally. Among the seven, self-assessment most effectively supported SRL, followed by teacher instruction and provision of structure on assessment procedures, and then teacher feedback. Assessment task and student involvement in decision-making had mixed impacts. Peer-assessment and assessment environment did not improve SRL., Fourthly, to make any conclusions practical, factors that interfered with the impact of assessment strategies were explored. Among the 9 factors, 2 were traits inherent in the strategies, i.e., the relevance of the strategies, including the implementation of them, to the concerned SRL dimension, and the frequency and consistency of their use. The remaining 7 were contextual, including student implementation, student response to feedback, student engagement, student reliance, fixed learning motivation and strategy use, the subject per se, and student-teacher relationship., Detailed summary in vernacular field only., 張文霄., Parallel title from added title page., Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 251-284)., s also in English., Zhang Wenxiao., http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6115538, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

張文偉., "2012年8月"., "2012 nian 8 yue"., Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-89)., Zhang Wenwei., 目錄 --- p.1, 大理洱海東岸地圖 --- p.2, Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.3-12, Chapter 第二章 --- 南詔大理國至元代的佛教國家傳統概述 --- p.13-23, Chapter 第三章 --- 法力之水與地方之水 --- p.24-38, Chapter 第四章 --- 洪武十五年的天兵降臨洱海東 --- p.39-47, Chapter 第五章 --- 禮儀變奏曲 --- p.48-69, Chapter 第六章 --- 崇儒攘佛 --- p.70-74, Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 --- p.75-79, 參考書目 --- p.80-89, http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549016, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

張文傑., Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012., Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-87)., in Chinese and English., Zhang Wenjie., 前言 --- p.4, Chapter 1. --- 韋伯提出政治倫理與道德倫理之分別 --- p.8, Chapter 1.1 --- 有關兩種倫理的背景 --- p.8, Chapter 1.1.1 --- 兩者之基本定義與關係 --- p.8, Chapter 1.1.2 --- 過往對兩種倫理之硏究 --- p.11, Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- 弦外之音 --- p.12, Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- 過往硏究兩種倫理槪念之三種明顯角度 --- p.16, Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- 從康德倫理傳統處理兩種倫理的分與合 --- p.17, Chapter 1.2 --- 韋伯之社會科學方法論與兩種倫理的關係 --- p.26, Chapter 1.2.1 --- 韋伯含混的世界觀與絶對倫理 --- p.26, Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- 宗教的源起與演進 --- p.28, Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- 救贖的宗教倫理在文化棄絶之土壤中增長 --- p.32, Chapter 1.2.2 --- 韋伯清晰的知識論與責任倫理 --- p.36, Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- 韋伯的社會學方法論 --- p.36, Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- 責任倫理是一種僞倫理 --- p.41, Chapter 1.3 --- 本章結論 --- p.43, Chapter 2 --- 候活士回應現代以降的倫理學問題´ؤ´ؤ當中包括韋伯的叩問 --- p.45, Chapter 2.1 --- 現代倫理學之不足與修正 --- p.45, Chapter 2.1.1 --- 現代倫理學的扭曲 --- p.45, Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- 基督宗教外部之問題 --- p.46, Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- 基督宗教內部之問題 --- p.47, Chapter 2.1.2 --- 價値跟知識及倫理之重整要從真實敘事中學習：從疑難到品格到故事. --- p.51, Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- 倫理應該由理論轉向爲踐行 --- p.51, Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- 踐行性需要品格爲限定條件 --- p.52, Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- 品格需要敘事的面向 --- p.52, Chapter 2.1.3 --- 正確的敘事不在教會以外：從故事到群體到教會 --- p.54, Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- 成爲道德的自我就是成爲一種語言之局內人 --- p.54, Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- 缺欠的現代社會敘述´ؤ´ؤ特別針對自由主義影響下之社會……… --- p.57, Chapter 2.1.3.3 --- 教會的真實故事 --- p.59, Chapter 2.1.4 --- 政治的領域最終受惠於宗教倫理的發展：從空間到時間到轉化 --- p.62, Chapter 2.1.4.1 --- 從悲觀到諷刺 --- p.63, Chapter 2.1.4.2 --- 從空間到時間到轉化 --- p.68, Chapter 2.1.5 --- 小總結：教會成爲教會乃是對整個社會之倫理學的修正 --- p.70, Chapter 2.2 --- 侯活士之理論的延伸問題與其回應 --- p.71, Chapter 2.2.1 --- 批評候活士斷章取義地運用語言遊戲而把握錯誤 --- p.71, Chapter 2.2.2 --- 後維根思坦的言語遊戲 --- p.73, Chapter 2.2.3 --- 候活士是僅合資格的知識論實在主義者 --- p.79, Chapter 2.3 --- 本章結論 --- p.80, 論文總結 --- p.82, 參考書目 --- p.83, http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896934, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

The intention of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of Japanese and Chinese makeup commercials and to reveal the senses of beauty which underlie them. It analyzes six commercials : three Japanese commercials of Kao and Kose cosmetics and three Chinese commercials of L'Oreal cosmetics. It analyzes the mise-en-scene of these commercials which consists of four elements : a) setting, b) costumes and makeup, c) lighting, and d) staging, and also analyzes camera's angles and framing. As a result, this paper extracted the differences between the Japanese and Chinese senses of beauty. This research found that Japanese commercials used the approach called soft sale and Chinese commercials used hard sale approach. The analysis of make-up commercials televised in 2010 reveals that the Japanese sense of beauty likes solid beauty which is called Japanese Cool. On the other hand, in China, the sense of beauty is focused on the highlights which give an impression of vividness. The difference of aesthetics of the both country derives from the different concepts of beauty in each culture. This paper also clarified that Japanese beauty is the beauty of asymmetry which is affected by the Ukiyo-e, and Chinese beauty is produced by symmetry that has been utilized also in the West.

目的 斑马鱼原始造血髓系细胞突变体1276的表型鉴定及性状分析。方法 利用化学诱变剂N-乙基-N-亚硝基脲诱变野生型AB斑马鱼雄鱼的精原细胞, 突变基因组保留传代, 采用中性红染液对F3代的胚胎进行细胞化学染色, 筛选原始造血髓系细胞突变体。并通过细胞化学染色及检测不同谱系血细胞标记基因在不同发育阶段的mRNA及蛋白的表达水平, 对其中之一突变体1276进行表型鉴定及性状分析。结果 成功筛选1296个F2家族, 2140个突变基因组, 发现中性红染色信号异常突变体12个。突变体1276在原始造血阶段, 中性红染色全身信号缺失, 小胶质细胞标记基因apoe表达缺失, 巨噬细胞标记基因l-plastin, 头部表达减少, 背主动脉壁腹侧区域表达正常, 粒细胞、红细胞均未见异常;在定向造血阶段, 巨噬细胞仍存在异常, 但粒细胞、红细胞、淋巴细胞以及造血干细胞均未见明显异常。结论 突变体1276在原始造血阶段, 巨噬细胞存在功能障碍, 以及不同程度发育及迁徙异常;在定向造血阶段这一性状并未得到代偿。Objective To perform phenotypic identification and characteristic analysis of a new zebrafish mutant 1276 defective in primitive myelopoiesis.Methods The AB strain male zebrafish were mutagenized with N-ethyl N-nitrosourea (ENU) to induce mutations in the spermatogonial cells, and the mutations were transmitted to the offsprings.The F3 embryos were screened by neutral red staining for identifying the mutants defective in primitive myelopoiesis.One of the myeloid mutants 1276 was further studied by cytochemistry and whole mount in stiu hybridization (WISH) with different lineage markers.Results A total of 2140 mutagenized genomes from the 1296 F2 families were analyzed, and 12 mutants were identified to show abnormal signal by neutral red staining.In the primitive hematopoiesis stage, the mutant 1276 showed the absence of neutral red staining-positive cells in the whole body.The expression of microglia marker apoe was totally lost in the head of the mutant, and the expression of the macrophage marker l-plastin was slightly decreased in the head and remained normal in the ventral dorsal aorta region, but the granulocytes and erythrocytes developed normally.in the definitive hematopoiesis stage, the mutant 1276 still showed abnormal macrophages as found in the primitive hematopoiesis stage, but the granulocytes, erythrocytes and lymphocytes appeared normal.Conclusion The zebrafish mutant 1276 shows abnormalities in the function, development and migration of the macrophages in the primitive hematopoiesis stage, which can not b

目的通過大規模化學遺傳學方法篩選斑馬魚髓系造血缺陷突變體。方法利用化學誘變劑乙基亞硝基脲(ENU)將雄魚精原母細胞誘變,通過與AB野生型雌性斑馬魚交配產生F1代,源自不同founder(F0)的F1代同胞之間交配產生F2家族,F3代來F2家族同胞內交配,并分別以中性紅和蘇丹黑B染色篩選巨噬細胞和粒細胞缺陷突變體。結果我們篩選了350個F2家族,共1424對魚。初步篩選到6個斑馬魚髓系造血系統的突變體,其中3個突變體為中性紅染色異常,另3個突變體為蘇丹黑染色異常,表明以上突變體可能存在巨噬細胞或粒細胞的發育障礙。結論 ENU化學誘變和中性紅及蘇丹黑B染色篩選斑馬魚髓系造血缺陷突變體是簡單、價廉、有效的化學遺傳學方法。通過保留突變體對后代進行進一步的研究分析,有望鑒定和克隆影響斑馬魚髓系造血新的基因或已知基因的新的調控途徑。 Objective To identify zebrafish mutants with myelopoiesis defects by ENU mutagenesis and large-scale forward genetic screening. Methods Male zebrafish were mutagenized with N-ethyl N-nitrosourea to induce mutations in the spermatogonial cells to generate the founders, which were outcrossed with AB to raise F1 fish. The F1 fish from different founders were mated to generate the F2 families. The F3 embryos from F2 sibling crosses were screened by Sudan black B staining and neutral red staining. Results A total of 350 F2 families from F1 sibling crosses were screened, and 1424 F2 crosses were analyzed. Six mutations were identified resulting in abnormal Sudan black B staining and neutral red staining, indicating the involvement of neutrophil deficiency or macrophage abnormalities. Conclusion It is simple and cheap to induce and screen myelopoiesis deficiency in zebrafish by ENU chemical mutagenesis and Sudan black B staining and neutral red staining. These mutants shed light on the identification of the genes important to myelopoiesis in zebrafish.

目的化學遺傳學方法大規模篩選并初步鑒定所獲得具有不同紅系造血缺陷表型的斑馬魚突變體。方法乙基亞硝基脲(ENU)誘導雄性斑馬魚突變(founder),將其與野生型AB雌性斑馬魚交配產生F1代,源自不同來源的founder的F1代雜交產生F2家族。在F2代同家族內自交所產生的F3代胚胎中,用以βe1為探針,實施整體原位雜交實驗,進行紅系造血缺陷突變體篩選,并針對所篩選到的突變體在不同造血過程缺陷表型進行分類研究。結果和結論篩選得到4個βe1基因表達缺失突變體,其中2個為紅系特異性造血缺陷突變體,另外2個突變體同時存在紅系和淋系造血缺陷。 Objective To screen and identify zebrafish mutants with erythropoiesis defects by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis and large-scale forward genetic screening using βe1 as the marker. Methods The chemical mutagen ENU was used to treat healthy wild-type male fish (AB strain, F0). The surviving ENU-treated fish were mated with wild-type female fish to generate F1, and further F2 family was generated by F1 family intercross. The adult F2 fish were intercrossed within each F2 family and the resulting F3 embryos from each crossing were subjected to whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) with the βe1 probe. Mutagenesis was performed by treating the male zebrafish with ENU to induce mutations in pre-meiotic germ cells to generate the founders, which were outcrossed to obtained the F1 fish. The F1 fish from different founders were mated to generate the F2 families. F3 embryos from the sibling cross in the F2 family were examined by whole mount in situ hybridization using βe1-globin probe. The putative mutants were then characterized with different hematopoiesis markers. Results and Conclusion We identified 4 βe1-deficient mutants with erythropoiesis defects, including two with specific erythiod lineage defects and two with concurrent lymphopoiesis defects.

[[abstract]]本研究使用的奈米流體以水作為基礎溶液，乙二醇為分散劑；將兩者以適當比例調配混合使用超音波震盪法，讓奈米碳管表面能被削弱，使其有效地分散於水溶液中。製作過程中添加適當的界面活性劑及高分子聚合物(阿拉伯膠)可有效減少奈米碳管因凡德瓦力所造成團聚現象而沉澱。平板散熱器為質輕且幾何結構簡單的密閉容器，內部抽取真空，並注入工作?體(working fluid)後，流體在加熱端吸收熱?，並使工作?體由液態轉變為氣態，當蒸氣壓會逐漸升高，氣體會流往壓?低的?凝端形成蒸氣?，最後蒸氣在?凝端釋放熱?並沿壁面凝結成液體，隨即沿溝槽回流於加熱端產生自然對?。由熱阻抗測試機在20W、40W、60W、80W、100W電功率所量測之平板式熱管以奈米流體為工作流體的阻抗值，其數據分別為0.54℃/W、0.48℃/W、0.45℃/W、0.47℃/W，結果顯示可有效增加熱功率減少熱能損耗。, [[abstract]]In this study, a nanofluid with water as a basis of solution was used for experiments by adding ethylene glycol to disperse of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and applying the ultrasonic shock to reduce nanotube surface energy. Thus, CNT can be effectively dispersed in aqueous solution. Also, to appropriate add surfactants and polymers(e.g., the gum Arabic) can reduce Van der Waals forces attract and aggregate phenomenon of CNT and prevents its precipitation of nanofluid. A plat-type heat sink is a light and simple geometry of the closed container. Inside the vacuum chamber contains the work fluid when the fluid was heated and intent to evaporator. Vapor pressure will gradually increase, and the steam will flow to the low-pressure of condenser section. During this section, steam will condense into liquid and release of heat along the wall. By using the heat resistance test stand, the thermal impedance of flat-type heat sink with the nanofluid is measuring based on electric power test as 20 W, 40W, 60W, 80W, and 100W. The data is 0.54?aC/W, 0.48?aC /W, 0.45?aC /W, and 0.47?aC/W, respectively. The results indicate that the flat-type heat sink with the nanofluid can effectively increase the thermal efficiency.

論文, Articles

[[abstract]]基於諸多無可取代之卓越特性，奈米碳管終將於未來之先進原材料領域扮演關鍵性之角色，惟，現今奈米碳管之研發確也面臨極大瓶頸，特別係於理論範疇，因此前具代表性論文中之公式過於繁複、而正確性又仁智互見；是本論文推導更為簡明且精確之螺旋奈米碳管表面楊氏係數計算式；以表面楊氏係數為開端，係因其為材料抵抗外力所造成變形之能力指標、乃最重要之特性!往後，個人仍將持續演繹奈米碳管其他性質之精確表示式；於此須強調:本論文可能係台灣首度嘗試自行推導螺旋奈米碳管表面楊氏係數之著作；個人不揣淺陋，作此努力，係冀望能激勵國內奈米碳管理論研究者之士氣，並讓渠等明暸:不只國外先進國家有辦法推導奈米碳管之各種計算式、台灣同樣有此能力；某方面甚且還超過歐美日等奈米碳管研究之先驅；畢竟，欲於奈米碳管製備領域求得重大突破、理論發展實為關鍵；一般言之，材料之實際製造加工皆以達成理論計算數據為依歸，若無理論引導，實驗將無所因循、而淪入嘗試錯誤之深淵，耗時費力且往往一無所成!而本論文推導之公式，可與先前研究結果相銜接，即利用[45]扶手椅型奈米碳管表面楊氏係數之精確表示式，乘上cos(30 - θ)，就可輕易求得螺旋奈米碳管之表面楊氏係數；因本論文所楬櫫之理論架構較為直觀、且簡明易懂，凡此均應能有效提升奈米碳管理論研究之水準，進而改善現有製造加工之技術，使奈米碳管之研發更為迅速，俾其能早日深入各應用領域，以增進人類福祉。 又，第四章已證明本論文推導公式之理論基礎十分穩固，第五章之圖形亦顯示依本論文公式所計算出之數值與現有研究結果相符，且在理論上，較諸現有研究結果更具正確性；即: 現有研究結果，有些在θ = 30 時到不了0.36 TPa nm(石墨之實驗值)；有些又太快趨近0.36 TPa nm、致大部螺旋奈米碳管表面楊氏係數之計算工作變得毫無意義!只有按本論文推導公式求出之數值，能於θ = 30 時趨近0.36 TPa nm，且在不同chiral angle下、能清楚區分表面楊氏係數之差異；是本論文所推導之公式，未來或將如Chang等人論文[45]般，成為奈米碳管理論研究領域一全新之里程碑。, [[abstract]]As we know,the current computational models for counting the Young’s moduli of chiral carbon nanotubes are all too complicated for ordinary human beings to master, and this would severely impede the diffusion of the above-mentioned material which will obviously play a dominant role in the nanotechnology era coming soon. In this article, thus, we proffer a really simple method incorporating the closed-form expression of armchair tube with cos(30 - θ) to predict the surface Young’s moduli for chiral SWCNTs. Though very lucid, the present approach seems theoretically to be more reasonable than other existing results since, as can be observed later, the values of surface Young’s moduli in them would rapidly come up to 0.36 TPa nm, and this phenomenon simply imply most effort to calculate the Young’s moduli would become consummately meaningless as the magnitude of surface Young’s moduli might be readily approximated by 0.36, and, only in the present study, the disparity of surface Young’s moduli among single-walled nanotubes with dissimilar diameters as well as chiral angles may be distinguished distinctly.

木材のメカのソープティブ（MS）クリープは応力と含有水分の相互作用によって生じる特徴的な変形挙動である。これまで数多くの研究がなされてきて，幅広い分野で優れた成果が収められたが，この複雑な現象に対して，統一した見解がまだ得られていない。MS クリープの機構について，水分脱着に際して生じる空孔が変形を促進するとの説がある一方で，細胞壁層間の滑りなど木材独特の細胞壁構造に起因するとする説があるなど，現在においても，その機構を十分に説明できない状態が続いている。現象面からみると，連続負荷のもとでのMS クリープは，負荷下の脱湿／吸湿過程における新たなクリープ変形と，無負荷下の吸湿／脱湿過程におけるセットの回復の重ね合わせに等しいことが示され，あたかも木材は，負荷を受けた含水率変化区間を記憶しているかのように振る舞うことが知られている。本研究では，細胞壁実質を構成する疎水性成分であるリグニンに着目し，これまで検討されていない木材のMS クリープに及ぼす疎水性成分の影響を放射方向と繊維方向試験片で明らかにした。第１章では，木材のMS クリープ挙動に関する背景や既往の研究を紹介した。第２章では，放射方向のMS クリープに及ぼす脱リグニン処理の影響を検討して，温度一定条件で，水分サイクル下における異なった３つの負荷条件：Ad負荷（吸湿過程に負荷し，脱湿過程で無負荷）；Da負荷（脱湿過程に負荷し，吸湿過程で無負荷）；AD（連続負荷）のもとで，３段階の脱リグニン処理した試験片及びコントロールを用いて，木材のMS クリープに及ぼす脱リグニン処理の影響を比較し，検討し，以下のことが明らかとなった。１．リグニンが減少すると，瞬間コンプライアンス及び平衡含水率が増加した。２．水分サイクル下のMS クリープは，脱リグニン処理によって顕著に増加し，最大でコントロールの5.2倍に達した。Ｓ処理でとくに顕著で，第１サイクルだけでなく第２サイクル以降の吸湿過程でもクリープが増加した。３．脱リグニン処理によって，MS クリープ係数（ΔJ/Δu，J はコンプライアンス，ｕは含水率）が増加し，また，生じた変形がセットされ易くなった。この傾向はDaよりAdで顕著であった。従って，Ad過程を繰り返す時Daよりもたわみの増加が顕著であった。以上の結果から，放射方向の木材のMS クリープに及ぼす脱リグニン処理の影響は，量的には顕著であったが，定性的にMS クリープ機構を大きく変えるものではない。さらに，重ね合せの検討から，吸湿過程のMS クリープ挙動が大きく寄与していることがわかった。第３章では，MS クリープ挙動を解明するために，第２章で得られた放射方向のセット材の回復経過を検討した。比較のために単一水分過程で調整したセット材（Ａ及びＤ）を用いて，異なった水分履歴をうけたセットの回復に及ぼす脱リグニン処理の影響を明らかにした。１．除荷後の残留セット・コンプライアンス（Js）は脱リグニン処理によって増加したが，コントロールに対する処理材のJsの比でみると，瞬間コンプライアンスの比と比例した。このことから，脱リグニン処理はMS メカニズムに顕著な定量的な変化をもたらすが，定性的なシステムは変化しないと思われる。２．“Ad”あるいは“Ａ”のセットの回復は，どの脱リグニン処理レベルにおいても“Da”または“Ｄ”より小さい。試験片調整における含水率範囲内では，“Ad”または“Ａ”の回復は遅く，これを超えると速くなった。“Da”と“Ｄ”では逆で速い回復から遅い回復へと移行し，“AD”では一定になった。“AD”の回復曲線は“Ad”と“Da”の回復曲線の重ねあわせと一致した。３．脱リグニン処理によって含水率範囲は拡大し，この上限は回復曲線の変曲点とほぼ一致した。この変曲点前後の回復速度の差は，Ad・ＡおよびDa・Ｄ試験片において，脱リグニン処理によって減少した。第４章では，繊維方向のMS クリープに及ぼす脱リグニン処理の影響を検討して，放射方向の結果と比較した。１．AdあるいはDaでは，負荷と除荷を繰り返す時，MS クリープ係数が増加するとともに，含水率変化量が増加し，加えて発生した変形がセットされ易くなることによって，脱湿時負荷のDaと吸湿時負荷のAdの両過程において，ほぼ同程度に，サイクルに伴ってたわみが増加し，またセットが増加した。２．連続負荷（AD）のもとで含水率サイクルを繰り返すとき，脱リグニン処理によってトータルコンプライアンスが増加し，強度に脱リグニンした試験片では，無処理の約1.7倍となった。また，すべての脱湿過程でたわみが増加し，第１サイクルを除くすべての吸湿過程で顕著なたわみの減少を示した。３．MS クリープに及ぼす脱リグニン処理の影響は，Ｒ方向ではきわめて顕著であった

[[abstract]]本文藉由黏彈性理論來分析具緊密封套雙被覆層光纖在長時間承受熱負載和液靜壓作用下，所引起的光學效應。經黏彈性分析所求得的微曲損失初期與彈性分析的結果是相同的，然後會隨著時間的增加而逐漸減少。此外，被覆層間的側向壓力和玻璃光纖內之微曲損失和折射率變化量亦加以探討，玻璃光纖內之微曲損失和折射率變化量是被覆層材料性質及厚度的函數。為了維持緊密封套雙被覆層光纖長時間使用的穩定性，必須選用適當物理性質與厚度的塑膠被覆層材料。為了降低長時間下液靜壓和熱負載所引起的微曲損失及折射率改變，黏彈性 比值、楊氏係數 比值、浦松比 比值都應該增加；但是浦松比 之比值應該減小。而且，第一塑膠被覆層之厚度存在著最佳值。 此外，緊密封套雙被覆層光纖因液靜壓所引起的微曲損失和折射率變化量在本文中亦加以分析。為了降低在長時間下因液靜壓所引起的微曲損失和折射率變化量，黏性比 、楊氏係數比 、及浦松比 應該增加。然而，浦松比 則應該減到最小。 另一方面，緊密封套雙被覆層光纖因熱負載所引起的微曲損失和折射率變化量在本文中亦加以分析。為了降低在長時間下因熱負載所引起的微曲損失和折射率變化量，黏性比 、楊氏係數比 、及浦松比 應該增加。然而，浦松比 則應該減到最小。, [[abstract]]Using the viscoelastic theory, the hydrostatic pressure and thermal loading simultaneously induced optical effects in tightly jacketed double-coated optical fibers in the long term are analyzed. The results of the microbending loss are initially identical to those obtained by the elastic analysis, and then decrease gradually as time progresses. In addition, the microbending loss and refractive index changes of the glass fiber and the coating layers of lateral pressure are investigated. The microbending loss and refractive index changes of the glass fiber are functions of material properties of the coating layers and jacket. To maintain the long-term reliability of tightly jacketed double-coated optical fibers, the physical properties of polymeric coatings and their thicknesses should be properly selected. On the side, to minimize the microbending loss and refractive index changes in the long term, the viscosity ratio , Young's modulus ratio , and ratio of Poisson’s ratio should be increased. Nevertheless, the ratio of Poisson’s ratio should be decreased. In addition, the radius of the primary coating exist their optimal values. Furthermore, the microbending loss and refractive index changes due to hydrostatic pressure in tightly jacketed double-coated optical fibers are also analyzed. To minimize the hydrostatic pressure induced microbending loss and refractive index changes in the long term, the viscosity ratio , Young's modulus ratio , and ratio of Poisson’s ratio should be increased. Nevertheless, the ratio of Poisson’s ratio should be decreased. On the other hand, the microbending loss and refractive index changes by thermal loading in tightly jacketed double-coated optical fibers are analyzed. To minimize the thermal loading induced microbending loss and refractive index changes in the long term, the viscosity ratio , Young's modulus ratio , and ratio of Poisson’s ratio should be increased. However, the ratio of Poisson’s ratio should be decreased.

張文紅., 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2004., 參考文獻 (p. 281-297)., 中英文摘要., Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web., Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web., Mode of access: World Wide Web., Zhang Wenhong., Zhong Ying wen zhai yao., Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004., Can kao wen xian (p. 281-297)., http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073868, Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

[[abstract]]本文以樑的微小撓曲振動理論，分析原子力顯微鏡(AFM)懸臂探針與材料表面接觸所形成系統之特徵方程式、振動頻率及振動模態靈敏性。本文理論分析包含： 1.法向接觸剛性對撓曲振動模態靈敏性的影響。2.法向接觸剛性和探針傾斜角對撓曲振動模態靈敏性的影響。3.法向接觸剛性及法向接觸阻尼對撓曲振動模態靈敏性的影響。4. 法向和側向接觸剛性及法向和側向接觸阻尼對撓曲振動模態靈敏性的影響。 經分析後發現：1.懸臂探針振動模態靈敏性，隨著法向接觸剛性增加而減少。2.當法向接觸剛性較小時，第一模態的靈敏性高於第二模態的靈敏性，第二模態的靈敏性高於第三模態的靈敏性，亦即低階的振動模態靈敏性高於高階的靈敏性。3.當法向接觸剛性變大時，高階的振動模態靈敏性會高於低階的靈敏性。4.當考慮懸臂探針傾斜角和在法向接觸剛性較小時，傾斜角越小，其所對應的振動模態靈敏性越大，但影響不大。5. 當法向接觸剛性變小時，增加法向接觸阻尼會降低振動模態靈敏性。, [[abstract]]In this study, the small amplitude vibration of atomic force microscope (AFM) in continuous material surface contact has been analyzed, including the characteristic equation, frequency and modal sensitivity of the linear vibration system. This study contains the following analyses: 1.The effect of the normal contact stiffness on the sensitivity of the flexural vibration mode. 2. The effect of the normal contact stiffness and the cantilever slope on the sensitivity of the flexural vibration mode. 3. The effect of the normal contact stiffness and the contact damping on the sensitivity of the flexural vibration mode. 4. The effect of the normal and lateral contact stiffness and the contact damping on the sensitivity of the flexural vibration mode. According to the analysis, the following results are obtained：1. As the normal contact stiffness increases, the sensitivity of flexural vibration modes decreases. 2. When the normal contact stiffness is low, the low-order vibration modes are more sensitive than the high-order modes and the most sensitive mode of flexural vibration is first mode. 3. The higher-order vibration modes become more sensitive than the low-order modes when the normal contact stiffness is larger. 4. The horizontal cantilever is slighter sensitive than the sloped cantilever. 5. The sensitivity of flexural modes decreases with increasing normal contact vi damping when the normal contact stiffness is low.

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