Search

埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)是一种天然无机纳米管,和高岭土有相似的化学组成.由于HNTs储量丰富,价格便宜,且具有高模量和大长径比的优势,被科研人员广泛应用于增强和增韧高分子材料的工作中.本文介绍了HNTs的结构特征及表面化学特性,并从提高HNTs在基体中的分散及与基体界面结合的角度,探讨了对HNTs进行表面改性的方法.总结了近十年来HNTs作为增强填料在各种高分子材料中的应用,包括热固性树脂、聚酰胺、聚烯烃和橡胶等.重点关注了所制备复合材料的力学性能,并对聚合物/HNTs复合材料的研究前景进行了展望. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are naturally occurring inorganic nanotubes, which have similar chemical constitution with Kaolinite. Due to their abundance and low cost, combined with superiorelastic modulus and high aspect ratio, HNTs have been widely employed to reinforce and toughen polymer materials. In this review, we briefly summarize the structural characteristics and surface chemical properties of HNTs. Moreover, to improve HNTs dispersion and increase the interfacial interaction between HNTs and polymers, covalent or non-covalent surface functionalization methods for HNTs are utilized. Most importantly, the research progressin the past decade on HNTs reinforced polymer materials which includethermosetting resins, polyamides, polyolefins and rubbers are carefully shown and discussed in detail. Finally, the scientific trends of HNTs/Polymer nanocomposites are proposed.

制備了一系列具有不同界面狀態的聚丙烯 (PP) 硫酸鋇 (BaSO4)復合體 .PP BaSO4的界面分別用硅烷、硬脂酸、馬來酸酐接枝聚丙烯 (PP g MAH)改性 .研究表明 ,填充體系的熔體粘度和熔體彈性均高于基體 .以硅烷和PP g MAH進行界面改性后 ,PP BaSO4的界面相互作用加強 ,導致復合體系中的熔體粘度和熔體彈性進一步提高 ,同時BaSO4對PP的成核活性提高 .填料用硬脂酸處理后 ,硬脂酸能夠在填料粒子表面上形成一個包覆層 ,使粒子與PP的親和性改善 .同時該包覆層具有潤滑作用 ,使得復合體系的熔體粘度和熔體彈性下降 ,并使得該體系中BaSO4的成核活性低于硅烷和處理的體系 .本文探討了由復合體系的熔體粘度定量比較填充復合體系中聚合物 填料界面相互作用的方法 ,討論了界面改性對復合體系流變性質和結晶行為影響的機理 A group of polypropylene ( PP) barium sulfate ( BaSO4 ) composites with different polymer-filler interfacial interaction were prepared by treating the fillers with coupling agents or incorporating functionalized PP ( PP-g-MAH) .The effect of interfacial modification on the rheological and crystalline behavior of the composites was investigated .It is shown that the interfacial adhesion between the filler and matrix was increased when the fillers were treated with silane or the PP-g-MAH was added into the composites .Under such circumstances, the mobility of the PP chains decreased, leading to high shear viscosity, shear stress and melt elasticity .On the other hand, the improved polymer-filler compatibility contributed to the increase of the heterogeneous nucleating activity of the filler on the PP .A model of “effective occupied volume” was employed to illustrate the effect interfacial interaction and a parameter was introduced to evaluate the interfacial interaction quantitatively .

剛性粒子增韌技術是制備兼具高剛性和高韌性的聚合物復合體系的有效手段 ,不僅具有重要的理論研究價值 ,而且具有廣闊的應用前景和商業價值。本文綜述了近 2 0年來有關剛性粒子增韌聚合物復合體系的研究概況 ,并著重討論了剛性無機粒子增韌結晶性聚合物的增韌機理。大量研究表明 ,剛性粒子增韌聚合物的實現來源于兩方面的貢獻 ,其一是剛性粒子的引入所導致的局部應力狀態的改變。通過脫粘、空化、三維應力約束的解除 ,為基體的剪切屈服提供應力條件。其二是剛性粒子對基體的結晶行為產生影響 ,使晶粒尺寸變小 ,完善程度降低 ,甚至在界面附近形成擇優取向的滑移阻力較小的結晶層 ,從而促進基體發生屈服變形。基于大量的研究結果 ,作者指出最佳的增韌效果是適當的界面粘結強度 ,足夠高的填料含量 ,基體較低的結晶度和屈服應力等因素所決定的。由此作者提出了剛性無機粒子增韌聚合物體系的界面設計方案。 In the present paper, the toughening mechanisms of polymers rigid particle systems, especially that of polymer inorganic particle composites, were reviewed.Massive studies have demonstrated that two aspects of factors contribute to the toughening.Firstly, the incorporation of rigid particles can result in changes in local stress conditions.With steps including the debonding between matrix and fillers, cavitation, the transition of stress states ahead the crack tip from plane strain to plane stress, the shear yielding of the matrix ligaments between particles and massive yield of matrix happened.Secondly, the existence of rigid particles may influence the crystallization behavior of polymer matrix, results in decreased crystallite size and degree of perfection, which in turn promotesthe matrix undergo shear yielding rather than brittle

谷村文庫, 8-41/ホ/2, 26 (cm)*和 帙入, 天保3 刊, 序跋のみ画像あり