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Penelitian dalam skripsi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh Ketidaktersediaan fasilitas yang cukup guru kesulitan untuk mengekspolari dan mengembangkan media khususnya pada materi sistem pernafasan manusia. Pengembangan quizizz paper mode menjadi sebuah solusi dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk menghasilkan produk instrument evaluasi pembelajaran berbasis Quizizz Berbasis Paper Mode pada mata pelajaran IPA Materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia di Kelas 5 SD (2) Untuk mengembangkan instrument evaluasi berbantuan quiziz paper mode dalam mata pelajaran IPAS materi sistem pernapasan manusia yang valid (3) Untuk mengembangkan instrument evaluasi berbantuan quizizz paper mode dalam mata pelajaran IPAS materi sistem pernapasan manusia yang reliabel (4) Untuk mengembangkan instrument evaluasi berbantuan quizizz paper mode dalam mata pelajaran IPAS materi sistem pernapasan manusia yang praktis (5) Untuk mengembangkan instrument evaluasi yang memenuhi unsur analisis butir soal yang meliputi validitas butir daya beda dan tingkat kesukaran. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan menggunakan model pengembangan research and development (R amp D). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) instrumen evaluasi berbasis quizizz paper mode dapat dikembangkan dengan valid (2) instrumen evaluasi berbasis quizizz paper mode dikembangkan dengan reliabel (3) instrumen evaluasi berbasis quizizz paper mode dikembangkan dengan praktis (4) instrumen evaluasi berbasis quizizz paper mode dikembangkan dengan memenuhi unsur analisis butir soal yang meliputi validitas butir daya beda dan tingkat kesukaran.

Penelitian ini didasarkan sesuai kebutuhan sekolah atas kurangnya media pembelajaran yang digunakan saat pelajaran matematika. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan media PAPER FK (Papan Permainan FPB dan KPK) berbasis game based learning pada pembelajaran matematika yang valid menurut ahli media dan ahli materi praktis menurut pengguna (guru dan siswa) serta efektif digunakan saat pembelajaran di kelas. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode R amp D (Research and Development) yang menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDI Diponegoro dan siswa kelas VA MI Nasruddin. Media yang dikembangkan tidak hanya membantu dalam proses memahami pelajaran namun juga dengan melakukan permainan sehingga pembelajaran tidak membosankan. Berdasarkan hasil validitas kepraktisan dan efektivitas ketika uji coba diperoleh bahwa media PAPER FK (Papan Permainan FPB dan KPK) berbasis game based learning dikatakan sangat valid dan praktis serta cukup efektif diaplikasikan untuk belajar matematika materi KPK dan FPB di kelas V SD.

Thermal papers have become an integral part of everyday life: they are used in cash register receipts, parcel labels and admission tickets. Wherever information needs to be recorded quickly, cheaply and for a limited period of time. However, traditional thermal papers are subject to criticism because their color developer systems can contain substances that are potentially harmful to health and the environment.Therefore, there are already alternative papers based not on the chemical development of color, but on the physical effect of switching a highly light-scattering structure from opaque to transparent. The goal of this work is to find another alternative for an opaque-transparent film applied to paper that can be thermally switched. For this purpose, systems of crystalline low molecular weight substances in polymer matrices are investigated. The components are formulated in different configurations and coated onto substrates. The thermal switchability in the opacity of the resulting films is determined by measuring the optical density before and after thermal switching. Natural waxes such as fatty acids and tristearin and synthetic waxes as well as binary organic eutectic mixtures are investigated as low molecular weight crystalline substances. By measuring the scattering parameters, it is determined whether mixtures in a eutectic composition have a higher scattering effect than their non-eutectic compositions. In the course of the work, promising systems are identified that can serve as basis for possible thermally switchable coatings.

Enhancing paper hydrophobicity is of key importance for many paper-based applications. Fatty acids or vegetable oils and their derivatives replace environmentally harmful conventional coating materials but still require challenging chemical reactions for covalent attachment onto paper. Here, we show that simple storage of olive oil-coated cotton linter paper at 70 °C and subsequent Soxhlet extraction is able to endow paper with hydrophobic properties, reaching water contact angles above 130°. In-depth chemical and morphological analytics show the relevance of temperature and air accessibility during the aging process compared with aging at ambient temperature and under the exclusion of oxygen, underlining the importance of assessing a coating’s long-term performance and stability under diverse storage conditions. Simple storage of vegetable oil-coated paper at elevated temperatures followed by extraction proves to be an easy way to produce stable covalently attached hydrophobic paper coatings with exceptionally low coating amounts.

This study identifies important factors for designing an effective biomimetic paper‐based fog harvesting substrate by examining the harvesting properties of different surfaces, including glass, polyethylene, and superhydrophobic paper. In laboratory‐scale fogging tests, the wetting behavior of the substrates is characterized, and the importance of the tilt angle of the respective surface relative to the fog flow is elaborated. Because successful fog harvesting requires both efficient accumulation of water droplets on the surface (by condensation and collision) and sufficient but not excessive roll‐off of the liquid, the amount of water finally collected is clearly related to the pinning effect, which should prevent the smallest droplets from being carried away by the wind but must not lead to full and permanent wetting of the surface. Coalescence is identified as a major phenomenon to improve droplet roll‐off. In this context, superhydrophobic paper indicates to be a more effective water collector than glass or polyethylene, especially when oriented vertically, since it allows the droplets to roll off very efficiently. Finally, the addition of glass particles to the superhydrophobic coating is proposed as a means of enhancing pinning and improving the fog harvesting efficiency.

This study investigated the effect of an electronic boycott of foreign products on the purchasing rate of Jordanian consumers for products from Beirut Lights company for hygienic paper manufacturing. This study collected data from 310 consumers purchasing products from Beirut Lights Company for Hygienic Paper Manufacturing using questionnaires. This study employed the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) approach and analysed the data. The results revealed that electronic boycotts (consumer animosity, consumer ethnocentrism, consumer efficacy, and product judgment) have significant and positive effects on purchasing rates. The results revealed that a 1% increase in Consumer Animosity would lead to an 18.5% increase in Purchasing Rate. Additionally, the results demonstrated that Purchasing Rate would increase by 15.2 percent with a 1% increase in Consumer Efficacy. Also, the results revealed that a 1% increase in Consumer Ethnocentrism would lead to a 23.5% increase in Purchasing Rate. Similarly, the results revealed that a 1% increase in Product Judgement would lead to a 44.1% increase in Purchasing Rate. For Western multinational corporations focused on expanding their foothold in the world's biggest consumer market, this study's conclusions have crucial consequences for decision-makers and management. The suppressed and intense emotion of hostility, which is a remnant of past hostilities, needs much more attention from the Beirut lights firm, which manufactures hygiene paper in Jordan. In other hostile market scenarios, the conclusions of this examination may be applicable to a strategic study of the boycott model.

In India, cow dung is widely utilized to create formulations that serve as effective plant growth enhancers with antimicrobial properties. The cow dung-derived handmade paper manufacturing process produces two waste-liquor streams, a Raw Liquor (RL) produced through the dewatering of the cow-dung slurry and a Black Liquor (BL) produced during the soda pulping of dewatered cow dung. The present study explored the potential of these waste streams to be used as plant biofertilizers for germination and cultivation of Vigna radiata seeds (mung bean, IPM-02-03 variety). An in vitro assay for seed germination efficiency and a pot study for plant growth promotion (PGP) activity were used to assess this potential. The in vitro assay demonstrated that nutrient-rich RL, with its 100% seed germination efficiency (better than the 85.7% of tap water) was an effective biofertilizer for seed germination. In contrast, BL yielded poor seed germination efficiency. The pot study showed that water irrigation led to good seed germination, survival, plant rooting and shooting, but it was probably deprived of nutrients for inducing good grain yields. When water was replaced with RL, it was able to replicate the results, but with good grain yields. In contrast, BL produced poorer germination, seed survival and PGP results. The poor biofertilization efficiency of BL was most probably due to the nutrient losses and toxic chemicals produced in the harsh pulping process. The results showed that RL, though considered a waste stream, is sufficiently nutrient-rich to act as an effective biofertilizer for germinating mung bean seeds and promoting plant growth and grain yields.

Due to global warming, flood is an increasing threat to companies operating in the pulp and paper industry. The impact of this threat needs to be managed. We deploy a qualitative investigation into how paper manufacturers can forecast and mitigate the impact of special events, most notably floods, across their supply chains. A grounded theory approach using semi-structured interviews held with supply chain consultants in three stages allowed for topic categories emerging during previous interviews to be explored. Analysis of these interviews uncovered tactics unique to the pulp and paper industry. The findings are three-fold. First, paper manufacturers should focus on basic forecasting methods which they are capable of, such as subscribing to flood warnings, rather than poorly executing advance machine learning forecasts. Second, planning is of equal importance to forecasting: integrated business planning should guide the process. Third, business execution should involve a proactive approach to decision-making which trusts data and has people that nurture and drive the process.

This background paper provides basic material about the industrial relations in the European furniture industry. It complements a series of lectures that were held in January 2024 in South Africa, initiated by the Bargaining Council for the Furniture Manufacturing Industry of the Western Cape. The paper is a more in-depth source, with several data and other content that could only be presented in a nutshell during the lectures. The 1st section is dedicated to the (different) industrial relation systems that have been developed in Europe. The 2nd section is dedicated to facts and figures. It is noted that the furniture industry is not very well covered by statistics. But, on the other hand, the industry has a rather stable position, also on the global market, in the higher segment of the woodworking industries. In the 3rd section the dimensions of social dialogue are illustrated. The final section lists a selection of national trade union priorities in the Netherlands over the last decades. It is based on a brief analysis of the development of the furniture bargaining agenda.

Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) and their nanocomposites (NCs) are a class of materials accessed through the pyrolytic decomposition of suitable molecular precursors. In contrast to traditional powder sintering techniques, the composition, microstructural characteristics and, consecutively, the performance of PDCs can be conveniently adjusted through the design of the preceramic polymer, which has attracted sustained interest of researchers in the last decades. Most molecular precursors possess exceptional processability in their polymeric state, allowing the employment of advanced fabrication techniques, such as extrusion, coating, infiltration, and even additive manufacturing. Quite recently, heat-treating regular cellulose-based paper templates infiltrated with preceramic polymers have been successfully deployed to conveniently generate polymer-derived ceramic papers (PDCPs) exhibiting structural characteristics closely resembling that of the template. Ceramic papers combine the unique structure of organic papers with the composition and properties of various ceramic materials making them predestined for a wide range of applications, such as filtration, refractories, or as catalyst support. A key concept of the PDCP approach is to unite the processability of cellulose-based papers with the exceptional property design of PDC materials, paving the way for component preform of tailorable ceramics with paper-like structures and complex morphologies. The present dissertation deals with the microstructure and phase characterization of various PDCPs obtained from cellulose paper templates infiltrated with transition metal-modified polysilazane precursors upon heat treatment. The focus lies on assessing the impact of individual synthesis parameters on the structure and phase evolution of the ceramic papers to attain a better understanding of the means applicable to tailor their properties and ultimately, enable future application of this exciting novel material class. Fo

Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) and their nanocomposites (NCs) are a class of materials accessed through the pyrolytic decomposition of suitable molecular precursors. In contrast to traditional powder sintering techniques, the composition, microstructural characteristics and, consecutively, the performance of PDCs can be conveniently adjusted through the design of the preceramic polymer, which has attracted sustained interest of researchers in the last decades. Most molecular precursors possess exceptional processability in their polymeric state, allowing the employment of advanced fabrication techniques, such as extrusion, coating, infiltration, and even additive manufacturing. Quite recently, heat-treating regular cellulose-based paper templates infiltrated with preceramic polymers have been successfully deployed to conveniently generate polymer-derived ceramic papers (PDCPs) exhibiting structural characteristics closely resembling that of the template. Ceramic papers combine the unique structure of organic papers with the composition and properties of various ceramic materials making them predestined for a wide range of applications, such as filtration, refractories, or as catalyst support. A key concept of the PDCP approach is to unite the processability of cellulose-based papers with the exceptional property design of PDC materials, paving the way for component preform of tailorable ceramics with paper-like structures and complex morphologies. The present dissertation deals with the microstructure and phase characterization of various PDCPs obtained from cellulose paper templates infiltrated with transition metal-modified polysilazane precursors upon heat treatment. The focus lies on assessing the impact of individual synthesis parameters on the structure and phase evolution of the ceramic papers to attain a better understanding of the means applicable to tailor their properties and ultimately, enable future application of this exciting novel material class. Fo

Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) and their nanocomposites (NCs) are a class of materials accessed through the pyrolytic decomposition of suitable molecular precursors. In contrast to traditional powder sintering techniques, the composition, microstructural characteristics and, consecutively, the performance of PDCs can be conveniently adjusted through the design of the preceramic polymer, which has attracted sustained interest of researchers in the last decades. Most molecular precursors possess exceptional processability in their polymeric state, allowing the employment of advanced fabrication techniques, such as extrusion, coating, infiltration, and even additive manufacturing. Quite recently, heat-treating regular cellulose-based paper templates infiltrated with preceramic polymers have been successfully deployed to conveniently generate polymer-derived ceramic papers (PDCPs) exhibiting structural characteristics closely resembling that of the template. Ceramic papers combine the unique structure of organic papers with the composition and properties of various ceramic materials making them predestined for a wide range of applications, such as filtration, refractories, or as catalyst support. A key concept of the PDCP approach is to unite the processability of cellulose-based papers with the exceptional property design of PDC materials, paving the way for component preform of tailorable ceramics with paper-like structures and complex morphologies. The present dissertation deals with the microstructure and phase characterization of various PDCPs obtained from cellulose paper templates infiltrated with transition metal-modified polysilazane precursors upon heat treatment. The focus lies on assessing the impact of individual synthesis parameters on the structure and phase evolution of the ceramic papers to attain a better understanding of the means applicable to tailor their properties and ultimately, enable future application of this exciting novel material class. Fo

Resum Introducció: Les opsines són proteïnes integrals de membrana que presenten absorció selectiva per a cada tipus de fotopigment cobrint tot el rang de la visió humana. Una molècula de fotopigment està formada per una opsina més un cromòfor, el derivat de la vitamina A, retinal-11-cis. Les opsines es localitzen en la segona capa de la retina que conté les cèl·lules fotoreceptores cons i bastonets. En aquestes cèl·lules es on es produeix l’absorció de llum que produeix la reacció fotoquímica en el fotopigment que últimament es transmet en forma d’impuls nerviós al cervell. La rodopsina es la proteïna fotoreceptora responsable de la visió escotòpica a baixes intensitats lumíniques. Recentment s’ha vist que la rodopsina pot jugar un paper en el mecanisme molecular d’altres sentits o processos fisiològics. Objectius: L'objectiu del treball és fer una revisió bibliogràfica de les publicacions el més actual possible sobre el tema i una anàlisi crítica de la versemblança dels resultats presentats en aquestes publicacions. Metodologia: S'ha dut a terme una cerca bibliogràfica entre els mesos de febrer 2023 i desembre de 2023 a través de Web of Science. Per fer aquesta cerca hem utilitzat les següents paraules clau ''Opsin”, “Functions”, “Senses”. Resultats: S’han pogut trobar un nombre limitat d’articles que posen de manifest un possible paper primigeni de les opsines en l’evolució molecular d’altres sentits. Aquesta evolució culminaria en el sofisticat mecanisme de la fototransducció visual. En aquest sentit s’ha descrit la relació de les opsines amb d’altres sentits com ara el sentit del gust o el seu possible paper com a sensors de temperatura. Discussió: Els treballs consultats permeten establir que existiria relació entre altres sentits, diferents de la visió, i les opsines. Es tracta però de pocs treballs i que majoritàriament s’han fet amb organismes model com ara la mosca Drosophila melanogaster. Es posa de manifest que calen més estudis., Resumen Introducción: Las opsinas son proteínas integrales de membrana que presentan absorción selectiva para cada tipo de fotopigmento, cubriendo todo el rango de la visión humana. Una molécula de fotopigmento está formada por una opsina más un cromóforo, el derivado de la vitamina A, retinal-11-cis. Las opsinas se localizan en la segunda capa de la retina que contiene las células fotorreceptoras conos y palillos. En estas células es donde se produce la absorción de luz que produce la reacción fotoquímica en el fotopigmento que últimamente se transmite en forma de impulso nervioso en el cerebro. La rodopsina es la proteína fotorreceptora responsable de la visión escotópica a bajas intensidades lumínicas. Recientemente se ha visto que la rodopsina puede jugar un papel en el mecanismo molecular de otros sentidos o procesos fisiológicos. Objetivos: El objetivo del trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica de las publicaciones lo más actual posible sobre el tema y un análisis crítico de la verosimilitud de los resultados presentados en estas publicaciones. Metodología: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica entre los meses de febrero 2023 y diciembre de 2023 a través de Web of Science. Para realizar esta búsqueda hemos utilizado las siguientes palabras clave ''Opsin”, “Functions”, “Senses”. Resultados: Se ha podido encontrar un número limitado de artículos que ponen de manifiesto un posible papel primigenio de las opsinas en la evolución molecular de otros sentidos. Esta evolución culminaría en el sofisticado mecanismo de la fototransducción visual. En este sentido, se ha descrito la relación de las opsinas con otros sentidos como el sentido del gusto o su posible papel como sensores de temperatura. Discusión: Los trabajos consultados permiten establecer que existiría relación entre otros sentidos, distintos de la visión, y las opsinas. Se trata de pocos trabajos y que mayoritariamente se han hecho con organismos modelo como la mosca Drosophila melanogaster., Summary Introduction: Opsins are integral membrane proteins that present selective absorption for each type of photopigment, covering the entire range of human vision. A photopigment molecule is made up of an opsin plus a chromophore, the vitamin A derivative, 11-cis-retinal. Opsins are located in the second layer of the retina that contains the cone and stick photoreceptor cells. It is in these cells that the absorption of light occurs, producing the photochemical reaction in the photopigment that is ultimately transmitted in the form of a nervous impulse in the brain. Rhodopsin is the photoreceptor protein responsible for scotopic vision at low light intensities. Recently it has been seen that rhodopsin may play a role in the molecular mechanism of other senses or physiological processes. Objectives: The objective of the work is to carry out a bibliographic review of the most current publications on the subject and a critical analysis of the plausibility of the results presented in these publications. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out between the months of February 2023 and December 2023 through Web of Science. To carry out this search we have used the following keywords ''Opsin”, “Functions”, “Senses”. Results: A limited number of articles have been found that reveal a possible primary role of opsins in the molecular evolution of other senses. This evolution would culminate in the sophisticated mechanism of visual phototransduction. In this sense, the relationship of opsins with other senses such as the sense of taste or their possible role as temperature sensors has been described. Discussion: The works consulted allow us to establish that there would be a relationship between other senses, other than vision, and opsins. These are few works and have mostly been done with model organisms such as the fly Drosophila melanogaster. It is evident that more studies are needed to confirm this role of opsins in the evolution of senses other than vision.

Hemicellulose and pectin are noteworthy components of historical European rag papers, and have not been studied in detail so far. Rag papers were made from used textiles, and fiber-based utilities, such as ropes and bags. These had been prepared until the mid-19th century from plant-based fibers. Their polysaccharide composition could relate to their condition and history. This information can be expected to hold importance for the preservation and conservation of historical objects. We investigated a collection of rag papers of different age for their composition of non-cellulosic polysaccharides, and compared the findings with modern rag papers and wood pulps. Furthermore, a non-destructive determination of the hemicellulose and pectin content by near-infrared spectroscopy was developed. Historical rag papers had a lower hemicellulose/pectin content than pulps; the fractions of rhamnose, galactose, and arabinose were higher, while xylose was lower. In modern rag papers, xylose tended to be at the higher end of the range, which suggests a degradation of hemicelluloses/pectin over time or a change in raw materials and manufacturing. Rag papers also showed higher crystallinity than wood pulp papers. These findings provide insights into rag paper characteristics and offer potential classification methods.

Microfluidic paper combines pump-free water transport at low cost with a high degree of sustainability, as well as good availability of the paper-forming cellulosic material, thus making it an attractive candidate for point-of-care (POC) analytics and diagnostics. Although a number of interesting demonstrators for such paper devices have been reported to date, a number of challenges still exist, which limit a successful transfer into marketable applications. A strong limitation in this respect is the (unspecific) adsorption of protein analytes to the paper fibers during the lateral flow assay. This interaction may significantly reduce the amount of analyte that reaches the detection zone of the microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD), thereby reducing its overall sensitivity. Here, we introduce a novel approach on reducing the nonspecific adsorption of proteins to lab-made paper sheets for the use in µPADs. To this, cotton linter fibers in lab-formed additive-free paper sheets are modified with a surrounding thin hydrogel layer generated from photo-crosslinked, benzophenone functionalized copolymers based on poly-(oligo-ethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) and poly-dimethyl acrylamide (PDMAA). This, as we show in tests similar to lateral flow assays, significantly reduces unspecific binding of model proteins. Furthermore, by evaporating the transport fluid during the microfluidic run at the end of the paper strip through local heating, model proteins can almost quantitatively be accumulated in that zone. The possibility of complete, almost quantitative protein transport in a µPAD opens up new opportunities to significantly improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of paper-based lateral flow assays.

In this study, it turns out that we, too, require papers before we can produce any. They areregarded as the fiber required for paper manufacture. As trees naturally contain fibers,producing paper using them is easier. But, since paper is required everywhere, tree cuttingbecomes a problem rather than a solution to the problem of a lack of paper. Because trees arebeing taken down for paper production, catastrophes like floods and deforestation occur. Wewill use paper as fiber since there is already too much paper trash in the world, which isbeginning to pose a threat to the environment. There are three issues that will be discussed inthis study: tree cutting, paper waste, and the problem of dried leaves. These problems arebigger than what everyone assumes they are. It indicates that there is a significant difference between and among the assessments of twogroups of respondents in terms of ingredients. Procedural methodology, Durability, andUsability. The overall weighted mean of the science teachers is 3.51, while the studentsacquired 3.11. The variance of Science teachers was 0.136, while the Students acquired0.0972. The T-critical value is 2.306 while the t computed is 2.306. Therefore, it accepts Ho. Itindicates that there is no significant difference between the tree-produced paper and leaf-produced paper in terms of ingredients. Procedural methodology, durability, and Usability.For further enhancement and improvement of the project, the ensuing discussions and therecommendations proposed are as follows: use more paper than the dried leaves. Therespondents also recommended using thickeners, like cornstarch syrup, for the moldingprocess.

The water-, and energy footprints of the processes in the pulp and paper industry are sizable enough to warrant investment of money and commitment of time truncate the same. Besides, there is also a nexus between water and energy here, with optimisation of the use of one of these resoruces enabling that of the other too. This streamlined review focuses on journal publications (originating from different parts of the world, and targeted at researchers and decision-makers in the industry) which train the lens on the optimisation of water use in this particular sector of the (forestry) bioeconomy. The synergies and complementarities which exist among different sustainable development goals (SDGs) , promise positive ripple effects, caused by attending to the truncation of the water footprint. The articles, in general, recommend effective in-plant wastewater treatment in combinaton with recirculating the treated effluent, and looking upon the water streams as carriers or bearers of valorisable substances – organics which can yield a host of bio-products in bio-refineries, including bio-energy. Availing of water-pinch analysis as a tool to uncover possibilities of water use in a cascade (depending upon the requirements imposed on the water, by processes downstream in the cascade), has been shown to aid in the optimisation of both water use and energy demand within the plant. One case study, for example, showed that the demand for steam can be decreased by about 4 GJ per ton of output, by recovering the waste heat in the water streams., Omvandling av två rapporter skrevet av fyra studenter i kursen Forskning och Utvecklingsprojekt......till en artikkel på engelska.....Den femte författaren G Venkatesh var handledaren och översättare.

The water-, and energy footprints of the processes in the pulp and paper industry are sizable enough to warrant investment of money and commitment of time truncate the same. Besides, there is also a nexus between water and energy here, with optimisation of the use of one of these resoruces enabling that of the other too. This streamlined review focuses on journal publications (originating from different parts of the world, and targeted at researchers and decision-makers in the industry) which train the lens on the optimisation of water use in this particular sector of the (forestry) bioeconomy. The synergies and complementarities which exist among different sustainable development goals (SDGs) , promise positive ripple effects, caused by attending to the truncation of the water footprint. The articles, in general, recommend effective in-plant wastewater treatment in combinaton with recirculating the treated effluent, and looking upon the water streams as carriers or bearers of valorisable substances – organics which can yield a host of bio-products in bio-refineries, including bio-energy. Availing of water-pinch analysis as a tool to uncover possibilities of water use in a cascade (depending upon the requirements imposed on the water, by processes downstream in the cascade), has been shown to aid in the optimisation of both water use and energy demand within the plant. One case study, for example, showed that the demand for steam can be decreased by about 4 GJ per ton of output, by recovering the waste heat in the water streams., Omvandling av två rapporter skrevet av fyra studenter i kursen Forskning och Utvecklingsprojekt......till en artikkel på engelska.....Den femte författaren G Venkatesh var handledaren och översättare.

The water-, and energy footprints of the processes in the pulp and paper industry are sizable enough to warrant investment of money and commitment of time truncate the same. Besides, there is also a nexus between water and energy here, with optimisation of the use of one of these resoruces enabling that of the other too. This streamlined review focuses on journal publications (originating from different parts of the world, and targeted at researchers and decision-makers in the industry) which train the lens on the optimisation of water use in this particular sector of the (forestry) bioeconomy. The synergies and complementarities which exist among different sustainable development goals (SDGs) , promise positive ripple effects, caused by attending to the truncation of the water footprint. The articles, in general, recommend effective in-plant wastewater treatment in combinaton with recirculating the treated effluent, and looking upon the water streams as carriers or bearers of valorisable substances – organics which can yield a host of bio-products in bio-refineries, including bio-energy. Availing of water-pinch analysis as a tool to uncover possibilities of water use in a cascade (depending upon the requirements imposed on the water, by processes downstream in the cascade), has been shown to aid in the optimisation of both water use and energy demand within the plant. One case study, for example, showed that the demand for steam can be decreased by about 4 GJ per ton of output, by recovering the waste heat in the water streams., Omvandling av två rapporter skrevet av fyra studenter i kursen Forskning och Utvecklingsprojekt......till en artikkel på engelska.....Den femte författaren G Venkatesh var handledaren och översättare.

In this study, two agricultural wastes, namely, coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) fruit fibres and palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis) seed hairs, were used and were, respectively, obtained from Uyo and Oron Local Government Areas, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, for pulp and paper manufacturing. The samples were washed with distilled water, air-dried for 2 days, and then conveyed to the Chemistry Laboratory, University of Uyo, for further analysis. Thereafter, an experimental analysis as per water and alkaline solubility was carried out, together with physical property classification including cellulose and hemicellulose content, and fibre characteristics comprising fibre length, fibre diameter, lumen width, cell wall thickness, runnel ratio, and flexibility coefficient were carried out. The results obtained generally and specifically for cellulose content (75% and 87%, respectively, for the aforementioned test samples), flexibility coefficient (50% for both), and Runkel ratio (0.5 for both), which are the most important paper properties and were within standard range, showed that the two agricultural wastes had satisfactory fibre characteristics for pulp and paper production and other several manufacturing applications.

The paper in hand aims at exploring Moroccan EFL learners' attitudes towards digital reading and word processing as well as the benefits and challenges associated with these two recently spread practices. A convenience sampling technique was utilized by the researchers of the present study to select a sample consisting of 64 EFL learners belonging to the School of Languages, Literature, and Arts, Kenitra. This sample involved 34 males and 30 females whose ages ranged between 21 and 52 years old. The participants were asked to fill out a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire divided into two sections, namely digital reading and word processing. The collected data were then analyzed using the 26th version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS). The findings of the survey indicate that the participants hold positive attitudes towards digital reading and word processing. They also reveal that the informants face challenges in digital reading similar to those they encounter in word processing.

The predictive relationship between handwriting automaticity and children's writing performance is well documented. However, less is known about the relationship between keyboarding automaticity and children's keyboard-based writing performance. In this exploratory study, we examined the unique contributions of automaticity in both writing modalities in predicting Grade 2 students (N = 49) paper-based and keyboard-based writing performance (i.e., compositional quality and fluency) after controlling for students’ literacy skills (i.e., spelling, word reading, and reading comprehension), attitudes toward writing, gender, and nesting due to classroom. Multilevel modelling results showed that automaticity predicted students’ paper-based compositional quality and keyboard-based compositional quality and fluency. Findings further suggested that the relationship between automaticity and writing performance was stronger in keyboard-based text composing than in paper-based text composing. These results reinforce the role of automaticity of transcription skills in predicating the writing performance of beginning writers across modalities and stress the significance of explicit pedagogy and frequent instances of practice to promote the mastery of transcription skills across modalities in the early years of schooling.

Data and models used in the paper with the title mentioned above (readme file is available) The analysis starts with future climate projection followed by hydrological simulation using the wflow_sbm model. It is followed by groundwater flow simulation using MODFLOW model, driven by the groundwater recharge produced by hydrological simulation, and bounded by future groundwater abstraction scenarios. At last, the figures in the paper are produced.

The Wide-field Spectroscopic Telescope (WST) is proposed as a new facility dedicated to the efficient delivery of spectroscopic surveys. This white paper summarises the initial concept as well as the corresponding science cases. WST will feature simultaneous operation of a large field-of-view (3 sq. degree), a high multiplex (20,000) multi-object spectrograph (MOS) and a giant 3x3 sq. arcmin integral field spectrograph (IFS). In scientific capability these requirements place WST far ahead of existing and planned facilities. Given the current investment in deep imaging surveys and noting the diagnostic power of spectroscopy, WST will fill a crucial gap in astronomical capability and work synergistically with future ground and space-based facilities. This white paper shows that WST can address outstanding scientific questions in the areas of cosmology; galaxy assembly, evolution, and enrichment, including our own Milky Way; origin of stars and planets; time domain and multi-messenger astrophysics. WST's uniquely rich dataset will deliver unforeseen discoveries in many of these areas. The WST Science Team (already including more than 500 scientists worldwide) is open to the all astronomical community. To register in the WST Science Team please visit https://www.wstelescope.com/for-scientists/participate, Comment: 194 pages, 66 figures. Comments are welcome (wstelescope@gmail.com)

The accumulation of senescent cells drives inflammaging and increases morbidity of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Immune responses are built upon dynamic changes in cell metabolism that supply energy and substrates for cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation. Metabolic changes imposed by environmental stress and inflammation on immune cells and tissue microenvironment are thus chiefly involved in the pathophysiology of allergic and other immune‐driven diseases. Altered cell metabolism is also a hallmark of cell senescence, a condition characterized by loss of proliferative activity in cells that remain metabolically active. Accelerated senescence can be triggered by acute or chronic stress and inflammatory responses. In contrast, replicative senescence occurs as part of the physiological aging process and has protective roles in cancer surveillance and wound healing. Importantly, cell senescence can also change or hamper response to diverse therapeutic treatments. Understanding the metabolic pathways of senescence in immune and structural cells is therefore critical to detect, prevent, or revert detrimental aspects of senescence‐related immunopathology, by developing specific diagnostics and targeted therapies. In this paper, we review the main changes and metabolic alterations occurring in senescent immune cells (macrophages, B cells, T cells). Subsequently, we present the metabolic footprints described in translational studies in patients with chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and review the ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials of therapeutic approaches aiming at targeting metabolic pathways to antagonize pathological senescence. Because this is a recently emerging field in allergy and clinical immunology, a better understanding of the metabolic profile of the complex landscape of cell senescence is needed. The progress achieved so far is already providing opportunities for new therapies, as well as for st

Paper, a porous-fibrous network, is made up of hydrophilic fibres, which are notably susceptible to deformations due to variations in moisture content. The response of paper sheets to full or partial wetting, based on the water-induced fibre swelling, has mostly been predicted in the past using highly idealised two-dimensional network geometries. The purpose of the present paper is to establish how precisely the two-stage process of determining effective hygro-expansivity under uniform wetting by a two-dimensional model followed by bending analysis using a continuum model predicts the curl of a fully three-dimensional network. In the present multi-scale modelling work, the moisture-induced homogenised sheet scale curl, derived from hygro-elastic deformations using non-uniform moisture profiles, is analysed based on an idealised non-woven three-dimensional fibrous network finite element model. First, the effective paper sheet swelling properties, derived computationally for the uniform wetting condition, are compared with analytically homogenised hygro-elastic properties. Whereas the analytically predicted elastic modulus has an inaccuracy of only ~5%, the hygro-expansivity coefficient is over-predicted by roughly a third for a network with straight fibres. The difference is smaller if waviness of the fibres and wrap-around in the fibre bonds are taken into account. Fibre alignment turns out to have little influence. Subsequently, paper sheet curl predictions made by the analytical model are compared with that computed from the three-dimensional network model. The inaccuracy of the fully analytical model, based on the two-dimensional network description, relative to the fully detailed three-dimensional computational model with straight fibres is on the order of 40-50%. The fidelity of the simple model is primarily constrained by the inaccuracy of the effective hygro-expansion coefficient. If the expansivity extracted from the three-dimensional simulations under unifo, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Članak donosi neobjavljene i u to vrijeme neke objavljene dokumente o Stepincu iz Meštrovićeva arhiva na Sveučilištu Notre Dame u Indiani, SAD, na kojem je Meštrović predavao od 1955. godine do svoje smrti 1962. godine. Uz ostale, donosi se Meštrovićevo pismo kardinalu Spellmanu iz 1954. godine označeno oznakom „povjerljivo“, pismo Alojzija Stepinca Meštroviću od 3. listopada 1956. godine, Meštrovićeva čestitka Stepincu u povodu njegova 60. rođendana, prepiska sa č. s. Reginom Mary C. S. J. nakon Meštrovićeva posjeta Stepincu 1959. godine. U članku su dokumenti dijelom transkribirani i prikazani su, tj. obrađeni najvažniji sadržaji. Dokumenti su nastali u razdoblju od 1949. do 1960. godine. Dokumentacija pokazuje da je Ivan Meštrović iznimno poštovao Stepinca te ga je smatrao nevinim u odnosu na sva nedjela koja su mu se u montiranom sudskom procesu i u javnosti stavljala na teret., The article presents several previously unpublished and several published documents at that time about the blessed Aloysius Cardinal Stepinac from the „Ivan Mestrovic Papers (MST) “archive at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, USA, the university where Ivan Mestrović taught from 1955 until his death in 1962. Among the researched documents there are Mestrovic's letter to Cardinal Spellman from 1954 marked "confidential" and one letter from Aloysius Stepinac to Ivan Mestrovic from 3 October 1956, Mestrovic's birthday card to Stepinac on the occasion of his 60th birthday, Mestrovic's correspondence with nun Regina Mary C.S.J. after his visit to cardinal Stepinac in 1959. In the article, the documents are transcribed and synthesized, i.e., the most important contents are studied. The documents were created in the period from 1949 to 1960. The documentation shows that Ivan Mestrovic extremely respected Aloysius Stepinac and considered him innocent in relation to all the misdeeds that were blamed on him in the staged court process and in public.

That there is a “crisis of peer review” at the moment is not in dispute, but sufficient attention has not yet been paid to the normative potential that lies in current calls for reform. In contrast to approaches to “fixing” the problems in peer review, which tend to maintain the status quo in terms of professionalising opportunities, this paper addresses the needs of philosophers and how peer-review reform can be an opportunity to improve the academic discipline of philosophy, whereby progress is understood as making the discipline more fair to the global academic community and more conducive to the flourishing of academic philosophers. The paper evaluates recent categories of relevant norms and correlating reforms. In conclusion, it recommends that philosophy pursue the norms of transparency and democracy explicitly when proposing peer-review reform and suggest that proposals for forum-based models of peer review are most likely to support those norms., Ethics & Philosophy of Technology

In the era of Industry 4.0, digital transformation has spurred the swift advancement of technologies, including intelligent predictive maintenance scheduling, prognostics and health management. The accurate prediction of remaining useful life plays a crucial role in these technologies as it extends power equipment’s safe operational duration and decreases the maintenance costs associated with unforeseen shutdowns. Also, the increased accessibility of data for monitoring system conditions has paved the way for the more immense adoption of machine learning models in prognostics and health management for power transformers. At the moment, with the ever-increasing demand for electricity, there is a corresponding increase in the degradation processes of power transformers. Transformers insulation system and more importantly, the paper insulation happens to be the principal part where the degradation is prominent. Therefore, an accurate prediction of the insulating paper condition through its degree of polymerization is required to guarantee the reliability of power transformers. In this regard, the predictions, reliability, and health monitoring of this power equipment can be actualized by modeling the degradation of transformer insulation paper through several machine learning frameworks. In this view, this review paper has been drafted not only to serve as a guide for researchers interested in the fields of transformer insulation system fault prognosis but also to offer insights into potential research directions as existing literature in modeling and evaluating transformer paper insulation is presented.

Working with the SOURCE Explore program I was able to work with the Rodney Gilbert and Chen Chi Papers. Both of which are different in nature but aim to contrast the Asian American Experience of those already in America versus those who are from mainland China aiming to pursue higher education in the United States. By studying respected artwork from Chen Chi and analyzing the recommendation letters from Rodney Gilbert I was able to see how Americans viewed foreigners during the periods 1940-1960. I was also able to understand the history of the world at this time and it has prepared me for research in the future.

This paper focuses on integrating multimodal communication into the English-as-a-foreign-language classroom to enhance the development of students’ multimodal communicative competence, multiliteracies, and 21st-century skills. To do so, I compiled a corpus of authentic materials from Lady Whistledown’s Society Papers in Julia Quinn’s novel The Viscount Who Loved Me (2000), her appearances as narrator in the Netflix series Bridgerton (2022), and some tweets posted by @Bridgerton. This corpus was used to plan and design a game-based teaching proposal. Finally, the paper offers a critical analysis and suggests how this proposal can feasibly contribute to fostering students’ multimodal communicative competence.

U ovom radu su predstavljene mogućnosti povećanja hidrofobnosti površine papira nanošenjem slojeva hidrofobnog materijala na njegovu površinu. Ispitane su dve različite tehnike nanošenja stearinske kiseline, šelaka i cink-hidroksida na površinu papira. Hidrofobnost je ispitana modifikovanom metodom po Kobu, merenjem ugla kvašenja i vremena zadržavanja kapi. Prisustvo sredstava za hidrofobizaciju potvrđeno je FTIR spektroskopijom. Utvrđeno je da se, primenjenim metodama nanošenja, mnogo bolji rezultati dobijaju sa stearinskom kiselinom nego sa šelakom., The paper shows the possibilities of increasing the hydrophobicity of the paper surface by applying layers of hydrophobic material to the surface. Various application techniques and the following substances were tested: stearic acid, shellac and zinc-hydroxide. Hydrophobicity was tested using the modified Cobb method, measuring the contact angle and drop retention time. The presence of hydrophobizing agents was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that the methods of applying the hydrophobizing agent, used in this work, give much better results with stearic acid, compared to shellac. This manuscript presents novel possibilities of increasing paper surface hydrophobicity by applying layers of hydrophobic material to the surface. Various layer application techniques were examined, as well as substances including: stearic acid, shellac and zinc-hydroxide. Hydrophobicity was tested using the modified Cobb method, measuring the contact angle and drop retention time. The presence of hydrophobizing agents was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Based on the results achieved, it can be concluded that the methods of applying the hydrophobizing agent, used in this work, give much better results with stearic acid, compared to shellac.

Abstract Sketching is an important tool for engineers during concept generation. Sketch quantity during this early stage of design has been linked with eventual design outcomes and sketch quality has been linked with design perceptions. As such, both are important metrics to track. Prior work has also found gender differences in some of these sketch attributes. Given the increase in use of digital tablets for sketching, it is important to assess how tablet use affects early stage engineering design sketches. This is especially important as tablets can automatically smooth lines and help perfect sketch features, but these features may also take longer to use and may result in fewer sketches produced. This study investigates differences in sketch quality, quantity, and understandability (the effectiveness of the sketch as a communication tool) between sketching on a tablet and sketching with pen on paper during an engineering design concept generation exercise. Results indicate that there is no difference in sketch quantity or understandability between the two tools. However, sketch quality, smoothness, and proportion/accuracy are all higher for the pen and paper condition than for the tablet condition. Finally, no gender differences in performance for either sketch quantity or quality were found.

Point-of-care testing using paper-based lateral flow assays (LFAs) has emerged as an attractive diagnostic platform. However, detecting small molecules such as cortisol using LFAs is challenging due to limited binding sites and weak signal generation. Here, we report the development of cortisol-specific aptamer-based probes and a paper-based origami preconcentrator (POP) to amplify the probe signal. The cortisol-specific aptamers were conjugated onto gold nanoparticles and hybridized with signal probes to create the cortisol-specific signal-on probe. POP, consisting of patterned layers with convergent wicking zones, induces electrokinetic preconcentration of the released signaling probes. By integrating cortisol-selective aptamer-based probes and POP, we accurately diagnosed cortisol levels within 30 min of signal probe incubation, followed by 10 min of preconcentration. Our sensor was able to detect cortisol levels in the range of 25–1000 ng/mL, with typical cortisol levels in plasma ranging from 40 to 250 ng/mL falling within this range. The successful detection of the wide range of cortisol samples using this approach highlights the potential of this platform as a point-of-care testing tool, particularly for lateral flow assay-based detection of small molecules like cortisol. Our approach offers a convenient and reliable method of cortisol level testing with a portable and accessible diagnosis device.

A novel Coumarin-based 1,2-pyrazole, HCPyTSC is synthesised and characterized. The chemosensor has been shown to have efficient colourimetric and fluorescence sensing capabilities for the quick and selective detection of fluoride and copper ions. At 376 and 430 nm, the HCPyTSC exhibits selective sensing for Cu2+ and F− ions. By examining the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and the potential energy curve (PES) of the ground state for the function of the C–H bond, it has been determined from the theoretical study at hand that the deprotonation was taken from the ‘CH’ proton of the pyrazole ring. For F− and Cu2+, the HCPyTSC detection limits were 4.62 nM and 15.36 nM, respectively. Similarly, the binding constants (Kb) for F− and Cu2+ ions in acetonitrile medium were found to be 2.06 × 105 M−1 and 1.88 × 105 M−1. Chemosensor HCPyTSC with and without F− and Cu2+ ions have an emission and absorption response that can imitate a variety of logic gates, including the AND, XOR, and OR gates. Additionally, a paper-based sensor strip with the HCPyTSC was created for use in practical, flexible F− sensing applications. The paper-based sensor was more effective in detecting F− than other anions. The effectiveness of HCPyTSC for the selective detection of F− in living cells as well as its cell permeability were examined using live-cell imaging in T24 cells.

This paper explores the potential impact of paternal absence on women during their childhood by examining literature and contemporary theories. Paternal absence refers to children lacking paternal love and care due to factors such as illegitimate birth, divorce, or death. In today's society, diverse marriage concepts have led to an increase in single-parent families, resulting in a growing prevalence of paternal absence. This paper comprehensively examines the influence of paternal absence on female self-esteem using theoretical frameworks from psychoanalysis, social learning, social comparison, cognitive development, and attachment. Additionally, it highlights the significance of fathers' presence during childhood in establishing women's sense of competence through Bandura's concept of self-efficacy. The results of the study revealed that the absence of a father figure may exert detrimental effects on women's self-perception, interpersonal bonding, and development of emotional and creative competence.

In this work, we report a self-powered quasi-solid-state photodetector (PD) device prepared from flexible two-dimensional (2D) nanocomposites of a zinc oxide nanowire (ZnO-NW) in various weight percents (5, 10, 30, 50%) and Ti3C2Tx (MXene) paper, constructed with manganese (Mn)-doped zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) using an ionic gel electrolyte and carbon paper. All PD performance tests revealed that 5% ZnO-MXene-based devices were superior to the other samples. The maximum detectivity of 1.44 x 10(13) Jones at 367 nm (0.1 mW cm(-2)) and zero bias was calculated for the 5% ZnO-MXene-based device. Additionally, a very high on/off ratio of nearly 10(6), which is approximately 35-fold higher than that of the 50% ZnO-MXene-based PDs, was achieved for 5% ZnO-MXene PD at a zero bias under 367 nm (2.52 mW cm(-2)) illumination. The rise time for this device was 9.25 ms. Furthermore, the PD device exhibited excellent stability by enduring 1000 s of light on/off cycles. As a result, a simple, compact, and cost-effective self-powered ZnO-NW:MXene-based PD configuration showed fast photoresponse and excellent detecting performance., Trkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu [122F390]; TUBITAK, N.D.S. and M.S. would like to acknowledge the partial financial support of TUBITAK under research contract number 122F390.

The Editors-in-Chief of the Environmental Science journals introduce the Outstanding Papers of 2023.

This white paper presents the current status of the R&D for Analysis Facilities (AFs) and attempts to summarize the views on the future direction of these facilities. These views have been collected through the High Energy Physics (HEP) Software Foundation's (HSF) Analysis Facilities forum, established in March 2022, the Analysis Ecosystems II workshop, that took place in May 2022, and the WLCG/HSF pre-CHEP workshop, that took place in May 2023. The paper attempts to cover all the aspects of an analysis facility.

In 2024, we will hold a research paper competition (the third Human Understanding AI Paper Challenge) for the research and development of artificial intelligence technologies to understand human daily life. This document introduces the datasets that will be provided to participants in the competition, and summarizes the issues to consider in data processing and learning model development., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

Examining limitations is a crucial step in the scholarly research reviewing process, revealing aspects where a study might lack decisiveness or require enhancement. This aids readers in considering broader implications for further research. In this article, we present a novel and challenging task of Suggestive Limitation Generation (SLG) for research papers. We compile a dataset called LimGen, encompassing 4068 research papers and their associated limitations from the ACL anthology. We investigate several approaches to harness large language models (LLMs) for producing suggestive limitations, by thoroughly examining the related challenges, practical insights, and potential opportunities. Our LimGen dataset and code can be accessed at https://github.com/armbf/LimGen., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures

This non-archival index is not complete, as some accepted papers chose to opt-out of inclusion. The list of all accepted papers is available on the workshop website.

Paper is a cheap, recyclable, and clean material that is often used to make practical tools. Traditional tool design either relies on simulation or physical analysis, which is often inaccurate and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose PaperBot, an approach that directly learns to design and use a tool in the real world using paper without human intervention. We demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of PaperBot on two tool design tasks: 1. learning to fold and throw paper airplanes for maximum travel distance 2. learning to cut paper into grippers that exert maximum gripping force. We present a self-supervised learning framework that learns to perform a sequence of folding, cutting, and dynamic manipulation actions in order to optimize the design and use of a tool. We deploy our system to a real-world two-arm robotic system to solve challenging design tasks that involve aerodynamics (paper airplane) and friction (paper gripper) that are impossible to simulate accurately., Comment: Project Website: https://paperbot.cs.columbia.edu

Communicating design implications is common within the HCI community when publishing academic papers, yet these papers are rarely read and used by designers. One solution is to use design cards as a form of translational resource that communicates valuable insights from papers in a more digestible and accessible format to assist in design processes. However, creating design cards can be time-consuming, and authors may lack the resources/know-how to produce cards. Through an iterative design process, we built a system that helps create design cards from academic papers using an LLM and text-to-image model. Our evaluation with designers (N=21) and authors of selected papers (N=12) revealed that designers perceived the design implications from our design cards as more inspiring and generative, compared to reading original paper texts, and the authors viewed our system as an effective way of communicating their design implications. We also propose future enhancements for AI-generated design cards.

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has increasingly become a preferred method over traditional rule-based systems in diverse human-in-the-loop (HITL) applications due to its adaptability to the dynamic nature of human interactions. However, integrating RL in such settings raises significant privacy concerns, as it might inadvertently expose sensitive user information. Addressing this, our paper focuses on developing PAPER-HILT, an innovative, adaptive RL strategy through exploiting an early-exit approach designed explicitly for privacy preservation in HITL environments. This approach dynamically adjusts the tradeoff between privacy protection and system utility, tailoring its operation to individual behavioral patterns and preferences. We mainly highlight the challenge of dealing with the variable and evolving nature of human behavior, which renders static privacy models ineffective. PAPER-HILT's effectiveness is evaluated through its application in two distinct contexts: Smart Home environments and Virtual Reality (VR) Smart Classrooms. The empirical results demonstrate PAPER-HILT's capability to provide a personalized equilibrium between user privacy and application utility, adapting effectively to individual user needs and preferences. On average for both experiments, utility (performance) drops by 24%, and privacy (state prediction) improves by 31%., Comment: 18 pages

This paper discusses the effectiveness of leveraging Chatbot: Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) versions 3.5 and 4 for analyzing research papers for effective writing of scientific literature surveys. The study selected the \textit{Application of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Treatment} as the research topic. Research papers related to this topic were collected from three major publication databases Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Scopus. ChatGPT models were used to identify the category, scope, and relevant information from the research papers for automatic identification of relevant papers related to Breast Cancer Treatment (BCT), organization of papers according to scope, and identification of key information for survey paper writing. Evaluations performed using ground truth data annotated using subject experts reveal, that GPT-4 achieves 77.3\% accuracy in identifying the research paper categories and 50\% of the papers were correctly identified by GPT-4 for their scopes. Further, the results demonstrate that GPT-4 can generate reasons for its decisions with an average of 27\% new words, and 67\% of the reasons given by the model were completely agreeable to the subject experts.

Jailbreaking is an emerging adversarial attack that bypasses the safety alignment deployed in off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs). A considerable amount of research exists proposing more effective jailbreak attacks, including the recent Greedy Coordinate Gradient (GCG) attack, jailbreak template-based attacks such as using "Do-Anything-Now" (DAN), and multilingual jailbreak. In contrast, the defensive side has been relatively less explored. This paper proposes a lightweight yet practical defense called SELFDEFEND, which can defend against all existing jailbreak attacks with minimal delay for jailbreak prompts and negligible delay for normal user prompts. Our key insight is that regardless of the kind of jailbreak strategies employed, they eventually need to include a harmful prompt (e.g., "how to make a bomb") in the prompt sent to LLMs, and we found that existing LLMs can effectively recognize such harmful prompts that violate their safety policies. Based on this insight, we design a shadow stack that concurrently checks whether a harmful prompt exists in the user prompt and triggers a checkpoint in the normal stack once a token of "No" or a harmful prompt is output. The latter could also generate an explainable LLM response to adversarial prompts. We demonstrate our idea of SELFDEFEND works in various jailbreak scenarios through manual analysis in GPT-3.5/4. We also list three future directions to further enhance SELFDEFEND., Comment: Fixed the bibliography reference issue in our LLM jailbreak defense vision paper submitted on 24 Feb 2024

Due to the rapid pace of research publications, keeping up to date with all the latest related papers is very time-consuming, even with daily feed tools. There is a need for automatically generated, short, customized literature reviews of sets of papers to help researchers decide what to read. While several works in the last decade have addressed the task of explaining a single research paper, usually in the context of another paper citing it, the relationship among multiple papers has been ignored; prior works have focused on generating a single citation sentence in isolation, without addressing the expository and transition sentences needed to connect multiple papers in a coherent story. In this work, we explore a feature-based, LLM-prompting approach to generate richer citation texts, as well as generating multiple citations at once to capture the complex relationships among research papers. We perform an expert evaluation to investigate the impact of our proposed features on the quality of the generated paragraphs and find a strong correlation between human preference and integrative writing style, suggesting that humans prefer high-level, abstract citations, with transition sentences between them to provide an overall story.

In October 2023, arXiv made HTML formatted papers available to readers. This was the exciting outcome of over a year of accessibility research and development with the scientific community. Currently, only 2.4% of research outputs meet accessibility guidelines. Informed by scientists who rely on assistive technology, our analysis demonstrates that offering HTML is the most impactful step arXiv can take. Scientists need HTML now, and emphasize to not let perfect be the enemy of good enough. In this paper we share with you how arXiv is achieving HTML conversions from LaTeX now, and our plans for future improvements., Comment: The 5th International Workshop on "Digitization and E-Inclusion in Mathematics and Science 2024" (DEIMS2024). https://workshop.sciaccess.net/deims2024

As new research on Large Language Models (LLMs) continues, it is difficult to keep up with new research and models. To help researchers synthesize the new research many have written survey papers, but even those have become numerous. In this paper, we develop a method to automatically assign survey papers to a taxonomy. We collect the metadata of 144 LLM survey papers and explore three paradigms to classify papers within the taxonomy. Our work indicates that leveraging graph structure information on co-category graphs can significantly outperform the language models in two paradigms; pre-trained language models' fine-tuning and zero-shot/few-shot classifications using LLMs. We find that our model surpasses an average human recognition level and that fine-tuning LLMs using weak labels generated by a smaller model, such as the GCN in this study, can be more effective than using ground-truth labels, revealing the potential of weak-to-strong generalization in the taxonomy classification task., Comment: TL;DR: We collected metadata about LLM surveys and developed a method for categorizing them into a taxonomy, indicating the superiority of graph representation learning over language models and revealing the efficacy of fine-tuning using weak labels