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"Paper fiber" A man is carrying a large bundle of paper fiber on his shoulder.

"Paper fiber 'cakes'" Two women are making round disks (perhaps for seating?) out of paper fiber in a shop. A pile of completed disks is in the background

Bridge Foochow -- Ship loaded with [paper figures representing spirits] to be sent out to sea

"Conference 1939" A large group of Chinese men and boys pose for a group portrait outdoors. A western-style building is visible in the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Nine of the faculty members are Chinese, three of them are Western. The names of the faculty members are written on the photograph: " P. Goetz, Mr. and Mrs. H. Worley, Ling Buo Qi, Ling Jin Cu, Tong Nguk Ming, Samson Ding, and Li Ngung Luk."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A close-up photograph of a Chinese boatman standing at the stern of his boat. He is holding the rudder in one hand and a rope in the other. He is smiling heartily. Written on the back of this photograph: "A happy boat man holding the rudder as they pull up the rapids. Ing Hok [Ing Tai]."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Two Western women stand in the middle of a group of Chinese. Two Chinese women stand by the Westerners. The rest of the people present are men. One man at the far right is wearing a uniform. There is Chinese writing across the upper border of the photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The basketball players are seated in the front of a large group of students and teachers. Two of the athletes are holding early basketballs. The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith is seated eighth in from the left in the third row from the front. His wife, Grace W. Thomas Smith , is seated second in from the left in the same row. The photograph was taken in front of George True Memorial Hall. Chinese writing adorns the top border of this photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A distant view of a few roads cutting through the mountains at Ing Tai. Written on the back of this photograph: "[illegible]. The road in front of [illegible] from the pass looks [illegible] on these mts. winding down into Nguok Cien Valley. A temple on the highest peak is called "The Rest for Spirits". Hundreds of villagers nestle among these valleys. Part way down this hill [illegible] come to [illegible] 3. Ned."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A group of nine young Chinese men pose together for a group photo. Half of the men are seated while the other half stands behind them. They are all wearing identical white Chinese outfits. One of the boys is holding a book. Three of them are wearing glasses. A number was written on each of the men on the face of this photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Four missionaries pose for a group photograph with some Chinese men. They are all standing around a large boulder. Some of the Chinese men are wearing western suits, while others are wearing traditional Chinese garb.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

"Student band Ing tai 1937" Several adolescent Chinese boys are lined up in an outdoor setting. They are all wearing uniforms.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith and his wife, Grace W. Thomas Smith, sit side by side in the front row of this group portrait with a large number Chinese and a few other missionaries. There is Chinese writing along the top of the photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

"Ing Tai delegates to Centennial at Foochow"[Fuzhou] The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith is seated eighth in from the right in the front row. Aside from three other Westerners in the front row, nearly the entire delegation is Chinese. Some of the Chinese delegates are in traditional garb while others are wearing Western clothing. The names of a few of the Chinese delegates are written on the border of the photograph: Hing Ek Tang, PhD, Pastor Ling (88 years old), and two others that are illegible.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A distant view of three Chinese sampans sailing down a river. Terraced fields are set into the hillside on the riverbank.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A class portrait of the Chinese students and their Western faculty at the Union Theological School. The Congregational, Episcopal, and Methodist churches are all represented. Sixth in from the left hand side of the second row from the front is the Rev. Lyman Peet. (Several of the students are marked with the initials I. H. This may stand for Ing Hok [Ing Tai]. This in turn possibly indicates that these students were congregants of the Rev. E. H. Smith's church at Ing Tai.); This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The American missionary compound at Ing Tai can be seen on a hill top surrounded by a stone wall. A small Chinese town lays at the foot of the hill in front of a river. Mountains dominate the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

"Kushan Monastery Monks" The monks are all wearing traditional robes. A few young children are among them.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A group photograph of a Chinese church group gathered outside the church at the American Mission at Ing Tai. The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith stands to the left, third row in from the front, with his hand on the shoulder of one of his congregants. All of the members of this church group appear to be male.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The complex is composed of a large number of Chinese buildings, a fence, and exquisitely manicured grounds.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

"Ingtai students at Foochow [Fuzhou] picnic 1937" All the students are adolescent boys and they are dressed in uniforms. The phrase "West Gate" is also written on the face of this photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Chinese child watches over a flock of ducks on a pathway near some water. The child is wearing a hat and is holding a large stick. The legs of an adult can be seen at the top of a flight of stairs looking over the child.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith sits five in from the right in the front row of this group portrait. His wife, Grace W. Thomas Smith, is seated three in from the left in the front row. A pair of elderly missionaries sits between them. They are flanked by a large group of Chinese students. Some of the Chinese boys are wearing uniforms. There is Chinese writing along the bottom border of the photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A group photograph of the delegates from Sing Kow Church at Ing Tai, who attended a centennial celebration at Foochow in 1948. The members of the delegation were numbered on this photograph. Written on the back of the photograph: "Sing Kow Church delegates, 1948 Centennial. At [illegible] row: with Pastor Gong and wife center with [illegible]. Li Huang labors 1910-1930. Miss Lanktres. 1. [illegible] Tiang. Chairman Executive Committee of [illegible]. Walter Smith. E. H. Smith. 2. [illegible] Deng. Their eldest son, superintendent Union Hospital. 3. King Ek and wife. Pastor of Gen. Cio Dong Church. 4. Chai Buo Tieng his [illegible] pastor of Sung Kow Church. 5. (Glasses) Chen Cing Huang. Professor in F. C. University. History. [illegible] Guong. Pastor of Naung Chiu Church in Su Song. [illegible] (Wei) Mi Song. Superintendent Union Hospital 1940. [illegible] Ngi. Pastor Ing Tai City Church. Later moved by [illegible] to the Pagoda Anchorage Church and [illegible].; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

"Ing tai city troops and gentry - governor - officers 1933" Troops from the city of Ing Tai pose for a group photograph with the governor, various officers, and some local gentry. On the far left is a young boy in a soldier's uniform. A few Chinese-style buildings and a mountain range are visible in the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith and his wife, Grace W. Thomas Smith, are sitting together to the left-center of the front row in this group portrait. Another pair of missionaries sit to their right. They are joined by a small group of Chinese men and women.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A road made for automobiles winds through some heavily forested hills at Ing Tai. The Ing Tai River is visible in the distance. Written on the back of this photograph: "View east from your bed room window. The auto road through to the plum orchards and the river to Foochow [Fuzhou]: (where we used to cut Xmas trees). Helen. 1936. Ing Tai."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Four Chinese boats are on at a narrow passage of the Ing Tai River. One boat is being pulled up the rapids while the other three sit idling. Written on the back of this photograph: "Ing Hok [Ing Tai] River sampans. The man on the group of boats unite [illegible] the boats up one at a time. The one in the rapids is being pulled up and these are waiting their turn. Ned. Ing Hok. 1914."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A dirt path winds through a thick bamboo forest in Ing Hok [Ing Tai]. Written on the back of the photograph: "A bit of my touring road through the bamboo country. To visit one chapel I go through ten miles like this. Ing Hok 1914."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Three young men clothed in traditional Chinese garb sit side by side on a porch. The chairs they sit in appear to be made of wicker. The building is made of brick and of Western style.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The compound is seen from an orchard at the foot of a hill. A stone wall surrounds the complex and its gatehouse.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A stone bridge arches over a small stream. Two men are crossing the bridge on foot. One of them is carrying two large bags on a yoke.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The missionary compound at Ing Hok [Ing Tai] is seen on a hill across the river. Written on the back of the photograph: "[illegible] Pagoda Hill looking across to the compound. River and the street in foreground. Our house on top of hill and my last land purchase in front where the Whitney residence is now being built. Boys School roofs at right of our residence. Ing Hok 1914. For our dean. G. P." There are conflicting dates on this photograph. The year 1912 is written twice on the face of the photo, while the year 1914 is written on its backside.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

"Farewell to Caroline Chittenden" A large group of Caroline's Chinese friends and students gather together to pose for a final picture with her by a riverbank.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The boys are all wearing traditional Chinese clothing. At least one of them has a Manchu hair style.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Written on the back of the photograph: " A typical mountain village. This was taken only two miles above our house. See the children under the banyan tree watching the foreigner taking the picture." Written on the front of the picture are the names of several Chinese persons and the phrase "by Gold."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

"Ing Tai Roads" A laborer carries two large bundles on a yoke. He is exiting a stone building and traveling along a crude road. Written on the back of this photograph: "The Pass at [illegible]. Little rest house in gap where load men and touring missionaries may sit and rest. This man has our load: bed, food, books, clothes, etc. E. H. Smith. Ned. 1930. Typical road."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Chinese tower can be seen in the distance atop a cliff overlooking the water.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith stands to the left. His wife Grace W. Thomas Smith stands in between their two daughters, Helen Huntington Smith and Eunice Elizabeth Smith Bishop. Written on the back of the photograph:"We four were united at Foochow on arrival of Eunice. Sent by Methodist Women as their teacher at UKTS - where Grace has substituted with Bertha Allen."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith, seated in the center of the front row, is one of the only Westerners present in this delegation from Ing Tai. This may have been an ABCFM mission conference.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Ling and Huah sit together with their father in traditional Chinese attire. Behind them is a large billboard with Chinese writing which is flanked by two colorful posters with English writing.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A stone paved pathway leads through a dense forest. Steps have been carved into the hillside as the road elevates. A small body of water is along the right side of the path.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A class picture of the students and teachers at Ma Chio Primary School. The students and their teachers are all Chinese. The boys are seated in the front row, while the girls stand behind them. The name "John" is written on the face of this photograph. There is Chinese writing along the right hand side of the photo.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The missionary compound is on a hill in the background with an orchard in the foreground.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A few Chinese laborers stand before the gate to the American missionary complex at Ing Tai. They have livestock and a bundle of firewood with them.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Four Chinese boats are lined up together. The crew members of the boats are discernible. A man traversing a dirt road on the river bank can be seen watching the boats from a distance.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Chinese boy named Song Ngueh Ming is standing on a porch, barefoot and in rough clothing.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Several people are carrying a long wooden pole supporting an item with a cloth draped over it. Some of the people are wearing tall white hats.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A crew of Chinese laborers hoist a large piece of lumber up a hill to the American mission at Ing Tai. They used a wooden beam and ropes to carry the larger piece of wood. The gated wall and main building of the missionary complex can be seen in the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A small Chinese building stands by a tiny pond. Two men can be seen in the distance. The area is surrounded by mountains.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].