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A close-up photograph of a Chinese boatman standing at the stern of his boat. He is holding the rudder in one hand and a rope in the other. He is smiling heartily. Written on the back of this photograph: "A happy boat man holding the rudder as they pull up the rapids. Ing Hok [Ing Tai]."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Two Western women stand in the middle of a group of Chinese. Two Chinese women stand by the Westerners. The rest of the people present are men. One man at the far right is wearing a uniform. There is Chinese writing across the upper border of the photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A distant view of a few roads cutting through the mountains at Ing Tai. Written on the back of this photograph: "[illegible]. The road in front of [illegible] from the pass looks [illegible] on these mts. winding down into Nguok Cien Valley. A temple on the highest peak is called "The Rest for Spirits". Hundreds of villagers nestle among these valleys. Part way down this hill [illegible] come to [illegible] 3. Ned."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Four missionaries pose for a group photograph with some Chinese men. They are all standing around a large boulder. Some of the Chinese men are wearing western suits, while others are wearing traditional Chinese garb.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith and his wife, Grace W. Thomas Smith, sit side by side in the front row of this group portrait with a large number Chinese and a few other missionaries. There is Chinese writing along the top of the photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A distant view of three Chinese sampans sailing down a river. Terraced fields are set into the hillside on the riverbank.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Emma Rose Hubbard Martin, sister of missionary Hugh Hubbard, is seated in a chair outdoors. She smiles while observing a piece of clothing.; This photo is from the papers of Emery Ward Ellis, a missionary serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Tehchow, Shantung from 1904-1927.

"Kushan Monastery Monks" The monks are all wearing traditional robes. A few young children are among them.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The complex is composed of a large number of Chinese buildings, a fence, and exquisitely manicured grounds.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Chinese child watches over a flock of ducks on a pathway near some water. The child is wearing a hat and is holding a large stick. The legs of an adult can be seen at the top of a flight of stairs looking over the child.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith sits five in from the right in the front row of this group portrait. His wife, Grace W. Thomas Smith, is seated three in from the left in the front row. A pair of elderly missionaries sits between them. They are flanked by a large group of Chinese students. Some of the Chinese boys are wearing uniforms. There is Chinese writing along the bottom border of the photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A group of Chinese and two Western missionaries pose together for a group photograph on the stairs of a brick building. Some of the Chinese are wearing traditional clothing, while others have Western outfits. Two small boys stand in front of the adults.; This photo is from the papers of Emery Ward Ellis, a missionary serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Tehchow, Shantung from 1904-1927.

The compound is seen from an orchard at the foot of a hill. A stone wall surrounds the complex and its gatehouse.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith, seated in the center of the front row, is one of the only Westerners present in this delegation from Ing Tai. This may have been an ABCFM mission conference.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The missionary compound is on a hill in the background with an orchard in the foreground.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Chinese woman in a traditional Chinese dress stands a rock by the edge of a river. A Chinese sampan can be seen sailing on the river in the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Western male missionary stands in the back of this group photograph with several Chinese men and women, who are wearing traditional clothing.; This photo is from the papers of Emery Ward Ellis, a missionary serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Tehchow, Shantung from 1904-1927.

A small Chinese village is set among the mountains of Ing Hok [Ing Tai] province. Rice paddies surround the buildings.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Chinese village of stone huts with thatched roofs is on a prairie in front of a mountain. A few local villagers and a small animal herd can be seen in the distance.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionaries in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A family of chicken farmers poses for the camera. Chickens are in the foreground. The photograph seems to be two photos superimposed.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Martha Wiley stands beside three Chinese women.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Terraced fields are set into the hillsides of Ing Tai. Mountains dominate the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A group of Chinese boys in uniform pose along a cliff face outside a traditional Chinese building. One of them has a banner with Chinese writing. Chinese characters are carved into the face of several stones.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Emily S. Hartwell presides over a portion of the one hundred seventy Chinese boys at the Ah-do orphanage. Their dormitory is behind them.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

A young newly-wed Chinese couple have their picture taken with a large group. Emily S. Hartwell stands to the right in the front row. Dr. Culver can be seen behind the newly weds while his wife stands to the left of the bride.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Chinese girls from a day school class pose on the footsteps of their school building.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

The congregation of the Hartwell Memorial Church is shown inside the church. Emily S. Hartwell is at the pulpit. The ten commandments and verses printed in Chinese characters hang on the wall behind the pulpit.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

A few uniformed Chinese officials pose with a group of Western missionaries. The men stand in the center row while the women stand behind them. A Chinese boys' band sits in front of the adults with their instruments in hand. Emily S. Hartwell is at the far right in the back row.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Mrs. Yeh and her four daughters preside over a kindergarten class composed of refugees.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Three old Chinese women and a man stand beside a dilapidated building. The woman holding the leaves is eighty-four years old and "laughed in glee at [the] prospect of having [her] picture snapped". Her son, standing behind her, owns a small fruit stand.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

A class of children form into two columnar lines with their teacher in the rear.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

A Chinese bride is in a white dress with flowers. She is flanked by a large group of Chinese and Western missionaries. Emily S. Hartwell stands behind the bride to the left. The Rev. George Hubbard and his wife Ellen (Nellie) Louise (Peet) stand behind Hartwell. Also present are the Chinese pastors Ling, Ding, and Li. A marching band composed of Chinese boys in uniform stand to the right.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

The boy is wearing a hat and uniform.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

The headstones of Lucy E. Stearns, wife of the Rev. Charles Hartwell, and three of their daughters: Mary Eveline, Annie Lucinda, and Lucy C.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, daughter of Charles Hartwell, and an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

The grave of Miss Harrison is covered with a bed of flowers.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

A group portrait of a large gathering of Chinese and Westerners for Dr. Stanley Jones. Emily S. Hartwell can be seen seated to the left in the front row. There is Chinese writing along the top of the photograph.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

The headstone of Skerrett Rogers is in the foreground. The grave site of Miss Harrison lies in the background covered in flowers. "God is love" is engraved into a large crucifix atop the headstone of Rogers. At the base of the headstone is the engraving: "Died 8th November 1901, Aged 32 years".; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

The women are posing with their Bibles in hand.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Three small Chinese boats are docked on the bank of a river. Several Chinese sailors can be seen on the river bank and on board the boats. The name "Wang Bieng" is written on the face of this photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Eight Chinese boats are traveling in a single file formation down a river. The lead ship is flying an American flag. A mountain range can be seen in the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A panoramic photograph of a Chinese mountainside.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionaries in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A group of women and children gather for a party thrown for the wife of the Chinese governor, Sun. The other Chinese ladies in the portrait are also wives of high officials. Emily S. Hartwell stands to the far right of the back row. Caroline Chittenden stands behind the governor's wife. Ms. Pepoon of Whitman College from Washington State is also present.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

A family stands in the foreground with workers running looms in the background.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Chinese characters are painted on the wall of the building.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.