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A family of portrait of the Rev. Emery Ward Ellis, his wife, and their infant son.; This photo is from the papers of Emery Ward Ellis, a missionary serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Tehchow, Shantung from 1904-1927.

A large group of missionaries gather with their families for a group portrait on the porch of a brick building.; This photo is from the papers of Emery Ward Ellis, a missionary serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Tehchow, Shantung from 1904-1927.

A group of missionaries and their families pose for a group photograph. Written on a note adjoining the photograph: "Property of Mrs. E. W. Ellis--borrowed from her. Note, and kindly return in enclosed envelope. E. B. T. To William and Sallie, only. Back row: A. B. De Haan, Lucia Lyons, Rev. Getchell of Turkey, uncle of Mrs. Eastman, C. A. Stanley, Mrs. De Haan, Mr. Seymour of Ohio, Mrs. De Haan's father, E. B. T., F. F. T. Front row: Mrs. Eastman, Miss Grace Wyckoff, Aunt Minnie Ellis, M. L. S., Mrs. Seymour, Mrs. Getchell, Mr. V. P. Eastman, Mrs. C. A. S. Lower front row: Alfred, Mary Helen holding Preston Ellis, M. E. T., [illegible letter] B. T."; This photo is from the papers of Emery Ward Ellis, a missionary serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Tehchow, Shantung from 1904-1927.

Three young men clothed in traditional Chinese garb sit side by side on a porch. The chairs they sit in appear to be made of wicker. The building is made of brick and of Western style.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A stone bridge arches over a small stream. Two men are crossing the bridge on foot. One of them is carrying two large bags on a yoke.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Chinese man in traditional garb holds a Western young boy in his lap.; This photo is from the papers of Emery Ward Ellis, a missionary serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Tehchow, Shantung from 1904-1927.

"Farewell to Caroline Chittenden" A large group of Caroline's Chinese friends and students gather together to pose for a final picture with her by a riverbank.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The boys are all wearing traditional Chinese clothing. At least one of them has a Manchu hair style.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Chinese tower can be seen in the distance atop a cliff overlooking the water.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Ling and Huah sit together with their father in traditional Chinese attire. Behind them is a large billboard with Chinese writing which is flanked by two colorful posters with English writing.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A stone paved pathway leads through a dense forest. Steps have been carved into the hillside as the road elevates. A small body of water is along the right side of the path.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Four Chinese boats are lined up together. The crew members of the boats are discernible. A man traversing a dirt road on the river bank can be seen watching the boats from a distance.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Chinese boy named Song Ngueh Ming is standing on a porch, barefoot and in rough clothing.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Several people are carrying a long wooden pole supporting an item with a cloth draped over it. Some of the people are wearing tall white hats.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A crew of Chinese laborers hoist a large piece of lumber up a hill to the American mission at Ing Tai. They used a wooden beam and ropes to carry the larger piece of wood. The gated wall and main building of the missionary complex can be seen in the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A small Chinese building stands by a tiny pond. Two men can be seen in the distance. The area is surrounded by mountains.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Chinese boy named Huo Die is standing on a porch in traditional Chinese clothing. He is barefoot and holding what appears to be an umbrella.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

An arched stone bridge is on the left bank of the river. Two large unmanned fish nets have been placed on the left bank. Mountains dominate the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A tiny hut with a central window stands in the middle of a heavily wooded area. A stone staircase leads up to the hut.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A large group of young Chinese girls are seated in rows of chairs. The few adult women and men present are standing by the walls. Posters and Chinese writing adorn the walls. A few lamps are hanging from the ceiling.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A fairly large boat with a sail at its stern navigates the river between steep hills.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Eight Chinese boys stand outside a brick building. They are dressed in traditional Chinese clothing. A few of the boys are holding books.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The American missionary compound is on a hill above the river.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Two Chinese men use a bridge consisting of a series of man-made stepping stones to cross a river. They are both carrying baskets. One of them has what appears to be a walking stick. Mountains dominate the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A white building is surrounded by trees. The farm's crop fields dominate the foreground. A Chinese tower looms in the background on a hill top.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A wide stone bridge is clogged with pedestrians. Portions of the bridge are covered by cloth canopies. Several large sailboats are in the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A Chinese man is hauling two baskets with a yoke on a stone paved path that cuts through a dense bamboo forest. A stone and wood structure is in the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The flat-bottomed boat has a fairly large hut in the middle. A sailor is on an elevated structure at the stern to man the tiller. Two other sailors stand at the prow.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

An unidentified river flows under an old stone archway. The ruins of an old fortress or wall on a hill in Ing Tai are above the arch.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Two American women from the mission station at Ing Tai are borne by Chinese men with crude wooden litters. Several Chinese persons and another American woman stand in the background. Several of the onlookers are holding umbrellas. The brim of a Chinese straw hat can be seen at point-blank range in the upper right corner of the photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of Congregational missionaries in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The steep cliffs or palisades overlook an unidentified body of water at Ing Hok [Ing Tai]. On the back of the photograph is written: "Just as beautiful as they look here. And the road winds up and down on both these knobs." It is signed: "E. H. Smith. May 1914." It is dedicated: "For Ed. Do frame it."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The town can be seen in the foreground. Mountains are in the background. The ruins of an old fortress on a hill dominates the center of the photograph. A few old towers are visible.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A village is set in the valley between mountains and along a ridge has numerous buildings with flat roofs. In the foreground a pedestrian is crossing a large stone bridge. The outlines of a few roads can be seen on the mountainside.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

All but one of the band's members are dressed in traditional Chinese attire.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

A group portrait of six Chinese orphans.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

This village near Ing Tai has numerous buildings with flat roofs. The foreground is heavily wooded and the trees obscure many of the buildings. An impressive snow-covered mountain range is visible in the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Three small Chinese boats sit parallel to one another in Foochow [Fuzhou] harbor. Chinese men and children in traditional garb can be seen on the boats. A large fleet of sail boats can be seen in the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The Ding family is posed in front of a wooden building.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

A Chinese family, the men in Western dress, poses beside their home, which has wooden shutters. Potted plants are in front of the house and trees behind it.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Two American Consul staff and a group of Chinese men are at work on a makeshift dock at Koh Kow. A ship with two American flags can be seen to the left.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Young women and children are working at looms at the Christian Herald Industrial Mission.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Chinese men rest in front of Morrison Cottage, a stone dwelling on Sharp Peak.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Two large Buddhist statues are inside the Kushan Monastery, which was visited by missionaries from Foochow.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

A large Buddhist statue inside the Kushan Monastery.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

A professional portrait of Mr. M. Chen.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

A young girl stands in front of some bushes.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Portrait of a young boy.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

Chinese students from Emily S. Hartwell's first day school, primarily girls, are dressed in traditional robes and standing in a group posed for the photograph.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.

The family of Ding Sung Ang poses in traditional Chinese attire.; This photo is from the papers of Emily Susan Hartwell, who was an American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions missionary stationed in Foochow, Fukien from 1884.