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This paper presents timber lamella structures applied to the circular cylinder surface when all lamellae axes intersect at the nodes. To achieve the uniformity of all elements in this structure, the geometry of the structure must be carefully designed. The main methods for the research are graphical and numerical methods for geometric design and a prototype construction for a specific geometric pattern. The methods are discussed for their ease of replication, as well as the possibility of reinterpretation on other surfaces, while the prototype design and construction give insight into the process from design to execution. The combination of these methods allows for a thorough analysis of the geometry for lamella structures. The analysis shows that geometrical design must begin from the whole to the lamella, and that the number of element types in the structure depends on the disposition of the elements and the angle of the pattern. The discussion shows the advantages and limitations of the proposed methods, while the conclusions give the guidelines for the implementation of lamella structures into new design projects.

In this paper, both synthetic slag and commercial slag covering the common composition range were employed to estimate the correlation between slag chemistry and reactivity through hydraulicity and dissolution tests. It was found that slag reactivity was favorably affected by increasing Al2O3 and MgO contents, while the adverse effect of decreasing CaO/SiO2 ratio could be compensated by higher amounts of Al2O3 and/or MgO. When calorimetric measurement was used to assess the reactivity of slag, the effect of sulfur species incorporated in commercial slag should be taken into consideration as a small quantity of it could lead to a major difference of cumulative heat release due to the formation of ettringite. Moreover, a novel graphical method was proposed to estimate the reactivity of slag considering its chemical composition from a new perspective, i.e. a cartesian coordinate system based on (CaO/SiO2)−(MgO + Al2O3)., Materials and Environment

Taking robotic patents between 1977 and 2017 and building upon the topic modeling technique, we extract their latent topics, analyze how important these topics are over time, and how they are related to each other looking at how often they are recombined in the same patents. This allows us to differentiate between more and less important technological trends in robotics based on their stage of diffusion and position in the space of knowledge represented by a topic graph, where some topics appear isolated while others are highly interconnected. Furthermore, utilizing external reference texts that characterize service robots from a technical perspective, we propose and apply a novel approach to match the constructed topics to service robotics. The matching procedure is based on frequency and exclusivity of words overlapping between the patents and the reference texts. We identify around 20 topics belonging to service robotics. Our results corroborate earlier findings, but also provide novel insights on the content and stage of development of application areas in service robotics. With this study we contribute to a better understanding of the highly dynamic field of robotics as well as to new practices of utilizing the topic modeling approach, matching the resulting topics to external classifications and applying to them metrics from graph theory. © 2021 The Author(s).

In this paper, both synthetic slag and commercial slag covering the common composition range were employed to estimate the correlation between slag chemistry and reactivity through hydraulicity and dissolution tests. It was found that slag reactivity was favorably affected by increasing Al2O3 and MgO contents, while the adverse effect of decreasing CaO/SiO2 ratio could be compensated by higher amounts of Al2O3 and/or MgO. When calorimetric measurement was used to assess the reactivity of slag, the effect of sulfur species incorporated in commercial slag should be taken into consideration as a small quantity of it could lead to a major difference of cumulative heat release due to the formation of ettringite. Moreover, a novel graphical method was proposed to estimate the reactivity of slag considering its chemical composition from a new perspective, i.e. a cartesian coordinate system based on (CaO/SiO2)−(MgO + Al2O3)., Materials and Environment

This paper investigates the Earth escape for spacecraft in a Sun-Earth halo orbit. The escape trajectory consists of first ejecting to the unstable manifold associated with the halo orbit, then coasting along the manifold until encountering the Moon, and finally performing lunar-gravity-assisted escape. The first intersection of the manifold tube and Moon’s orbit results in four intersection points. These four manifold-guided encounters have different relative velocities (v¨) to the Moon; therefore, the corresponding lunar swingbys can result in different levels of characteristic energy (C3) with respect to the Earth. To further exploit these manifold-guided lunar encounters, subsequent swingbys utilizing solar perturbation are considered. A graphical method is introduced to reveal the theoretical upper limits of the C3 achieved by double and multiple swingbys. The numerically solved Sun-perturbed Moon-to-Moon transfers indicate that a second lunar swingby can efficiently increase C3. Compared to the direct low-energy escape along the manifold, applying a portion of the lunar swingbys before escape is shown to be more advantageous for deep-space mission design.

This paper is devoted to the problem of pauses detection in English speech signals. The aim of the current study is to create a new method of speech pauses detection that has no drawbacks other algorithms suffer from. The analysis of it suggests the opportunity to use the graphical method in real-time applications. The article provides a new vision and a new solution of pauses detection problem. The result of the study – the graphical method – may be applied to real-time signal processing, text-to-speech synthesis or used to enrich knowledge about the specified problems., Este artículo está dedicado al problema de la detección de pausas en las señales de habla en inglés. El objetivo del estudio es crear un nuevo método de detección de pausas del habla que no tenga inconvenientes de otros algoritmos. Su análisis sugiere la oportunidad de utilizar el método gráfico en aplicaciones en tiempo real. El artículo proporciona una nueva visión y una nueva solución del problema de detección de pausas. El resultado del estudio, el método gráfico, puede aplicarse al procesamiento de señales en tiempo real, la síntesis de texto a voz o utilizarse para enriquecer el conocimiento sobre los problemas especificados.

This paper is devoted to the problem of pauses detection in English speech signals. The aim of the current study is to create a new method of speech pauses detection that has no drawbacks other algorithms suffer from. The analysis of it suggests the opportunity to use the graphical method in real-time applications. The article provides a new vision and a new solution of pauses detection problem. The result of the study – the graphical method – may be applied to real-time signal processing, text-to-speech synthesis or used to enrich knowledge about the specified problems., Este artículo está dedicado al problema de la detección de pausas en las señales de habla en inglés. El objetivo del estudio es crear un nuevo método de detección de pausas del habla que no tenga inconvenientes de otros algoritmos. Su análisis sugiere la oportunidad de utilizar el método gráfico en aplicaciones en tiempo real. El artículo proporciona una nueva visión y una nueva solución del problema de detección de pausas. El resultado del estudio, el método gráfico, puede aplicarse al procesamiento de señales en tiempo real, la síntesis de texto a voz o utilizarse para enriquecer el conocimiento sobre los problemas especificados.

This paper is devoted to the problem of pauses detection in English speech signals. The aim of the current study is to create a new method of speech pauses detection that has no drawbacks other algorithms suffer from. The analysis of it suggests the opportunity to use the graphical method in real-time applications. The article provides a new vision and a new solution of pauses detection problem. The result of the study – the graphical method – may be applied to real-time signal processing, text-to-speech synthesis or used to enrich knowledge about the specified problems., Este artículo está dedicado al problema de la detección de pausas en las señales de habla en inglés. El objetivo del estudio es crear un nuevo método de detección de pausas del habla que no tenga inconvenientes de otros algoritmos. Su análisis sugiere la oportunidad de utilizar el método gráfico en aplicaciones en tiempo real. El artículo proporciona una nueva visión y una nueva solución del problema de detección de pausas. El resultado del estudio, el método gráfico, puede aplicarse al procesamiento de señales en tiempo real, la síntesis de texto a voz o utilizarse para enriquecer el conocimiento sobre los problemas especificados.

Introductory accounting is a first level accounting subject in an undergraduate accounting degree. The subject provides students with fundamental knowledge of, and skills in applying, accounting concepts and principles, and prepares students for higher level accounting subjects. Research shows many students struggle to understand these accounting fundamentals, and indicates that contemporary teaching methods, utilising visualisation and graphical representation, could benefit student learning. An innovative method of teaching accounting using graphics proposed by Darlow (2016), yet to be validated, has potential to enhance the understanding of complex accounting principles. The current study uses a quasi-experimental method to compare students taught using a traditional approach to those taught using Darlow’s method. The sample consists of undergraduate students enrolled in the introductory accounting subject in two consecutive trimesters; a control group of students taught in Trimester 2 and a quasi-experimental group taught in Trimester 3. Tests of understanding were compared to ascertain differences and a satisfaction survey was deployed. Findings provide implications for teaching both introductory and higher-level accounting subjects, and for designing learning and assessment materials.

Introductory accounting is a first level accounting subject in an undergraduate accounting degree. The subject provides students with fundamental knowledge of, and skills in applying, accounting concepts and principles, and prepares students for higher level accounting subjects. Research shows many students struggle to understand these accounting fundamentals, and indicates that contemporary teaching methods, utilising visualisation and graphical representation, could benefit student learning. An innovative method of teaching accounting using graphics proposed by Darlow (2016), yet to be validated, has potential to enhance the understanding of complex accounting principles. The current study uses a quasi-experimental method to compare students taught using a traditional approach to those taught using Darlow’s method. The sample consists of undergraduate students enrolled in the introductory accounting subject in two consecutive trimesters; a control group of students taught in Trimester 2 and a quasi-experimental group taught in Trimester 3. Tests of understanding were compared to ascertain differences and a satisfaction survey was deployed. Findings provide implications for teaching both introductory and higher-level accounting subjects, and for designing learning and assessment materials.

This article proposes a graphical method associated with the g line to evaluate seismic slope stability. The g line depicts the combinations of c/γH and tanw that are necessary to maintain slope stability at the critical limit state. Correlations of c/γH and tanw are established based on the work-rate balance equation. Under a kinematic analysis, the pseudostatic upper-bound solution of c/γH is sought with an optimization procedure. After having determined the g line, the factor of safety for a specific slope can be easily estimated without the need for iterative calculations. For ease of practical use, a set of stability charts is presented. This approach also permits determination of the critical failure mode, including toe or below the toe. © 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.

The design and evaluation of surface irrigation systems of a site requires reliable data of infiltration which could be provided by an infiltration model. In this study, Horton’s infiltration model has been estimated for the soil located in a field of College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dediapada, Gujarat using the infiltration data obtained from several locations in the field using double ring infiltrometer. The decay constant of the Horton’s infiltration model was obtained using graphical method and also by using semi-log plot of t (time) vs. (f – fc), where f is the infiltration rate (mm/hr) and fc is the initial rate of infiltration capacity (mm/hr). The potential of the Horton’s infiltration model so obtained was evaluated by least square fitting with the observed infiltration data. The Horton’s infiltration model was used to estimate infiltration rate (mm/hr) and cumulative infiltration (cm). The Horton’s model for infiltration rate obtained by semi-log plot method was obtained as i=20 + 94 e-1.02t, where i=infiltration rate (mm/hr) and t= time (min). The coefficient of determination obtained when the infiltration model was applied to observation data taken at various points in the field were found to 0.96. Therefore, it could be inferred that the Horton’s infiltration model could give a reliable estimate of infiltration for the soil of Dediapada. &nbsp

Accepted: 2016-04-07

The aim of work is to create web-oriented software for solving mathematical programming problems by graphical methods. Object of research is graphical methods for solving some mathematical programming problems. The subject of research is software for solving some mathematical programming problems by graphical methods.The results of research can be used for teaching students graphical methods for solving problems of linear, quadratic and fractional-linear programming and matrix games.

The aim of work is to create web-oriented software for solving mathematical programming problems by graphical methods. Object of research is graphical methods for solving some mathematical programming problems. The subject of research is software for solving some mathematical programming problems by graphical methods.The results of research can be used for teaching students graphical methods for solving problems of linear, quadratic and fractional-linear programming and matrix games.

The aim of work is to create web-oriented software for solving mathematical programming problems by graphical methods. Object of research is graphical methods for solving some mathematical programming problems. The subject of research is software for solving some mathematical programming problems by graphical methods.The results of research can be used for teaching students graphical methods for solving problems of linear, quadratic and fractional-linear programming and matrix games.

The transport system is critical to the welfare of modern societies. This article provides an overview of recent research on vulnerability and resilience of transport systems. Definitions of vulnerability and resilience are formulated and discussed together with related concepts. In the increasing and extensive literature of transport vulnerability studies, two distinct traditions are identified. One tradition with roots in graph theory studies the vulnerability of transport networks based on their topological properties. The other tradition also represents the demand and supply side of the transport systems to allow for a more complete assessment of the consequences of disruptions or disasters for the users and society. The merits and drawbacks of the approaches are discussed. The concept of resilience offers a broader socio-technical perspective on the transport system's capacity to maintain or quickly recover its function after a disruption or a disaster. The transport resilience literature is less abundant, especially concerning the post-disaster phases of response and recovery. The research on transport system vulnerability and resilience is now a mature field with a developed methodology and a large amount of research findings with large potential practical usefulness. The authors argue that more cross-disciplinary collaborations between authorities, operators and researchers would be desirable to transform this knowledge into practical strategies to strengthen the resilience of the transport system., QC 20151116

Background: When researchers describe data from their studies, there is no rule defining the best way to represent results. Therefore, collecting and explaining results from personal research or understanding data from publications is not always straightforward. These issues are even worse in fields such as biomedical engineering, where researchers from different backgrounds, usually engineers and surgeons, need to interact and exchange information. For these reasons, the purpose of this study is to introduce and illustrate an innovative method to represent, concisely and intuitively, biomechanical knee behavior, called KneePrints. Methods: To test the KneePrints method, a huge amount of data from previously published sensitivity analyses were used and represented both with conventional techniques and with this new graphical method. Then, a survey has been distributed among different international specialists in the orthopedic field, such as surgeons and researchers. In the survey, interviewees were asked to select the favorite method that addressed to be the most effective to show the same results. Results: Collecting the outcomes from the survey, the KneePrints method resulted to be more effective than standard graphs, such as tables and histograms. KneePrints method has been selected to be clearer in representing outputs and more immediate in results understanding independently from the occupation of the interviewees by the survey. The general preference for the KneePrints is 63 %, up to 74 % being surgeons’ choice. Conclusions: The innovative KneePrints method has been endorsed to be effective in representing and making more understandable knee joint outputs. This method can be extended also to other topics., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Significant benefits can arise from collaborative forms of governance that foster self-organization and flexibility. Likewise, governance systems that fit with the extent and complexity of the system under management are considered essential to our ability to solve environmental problems. However, from an empirical perspective the fundamental question of whether self-organized (bottom- up) collaborative forms of governance are able to accomplish adequate fit is unresolved. We used new theory and methodological approaches underpinned by interdisciplinary network analysis to address this gap by investigating three governance challenges that relate to the problem of fit: shared management of ecological resources, management of interconnected ecological resources, and cross- scale management. We first identified a set of social-ecological network configurations that represent the hypothesized ways in which collaborative arrangements can contribute to addressing these challenges. Using social and ecological data from a large-scale biodiversity conservation initiative in Australia, we empirically determined how well the observed patterns of stakeholder interactions reflect these network configurations. We found that stakeholders collaborate to manage individual parcels of native vegetation, but not for the management of interconnected parcels. In addition, our data show that the collaborative arrangements enable management across different scales (local, regional, supraregional). Our study provides empirical support for the ability of collaborative forms of governance to address the problem of fit, but also suggests that in some cases the establishment of bottom-up collaborative arrangements would likely benefit from specific guidance to facilitate the establishment of collaborations that better align with the ways ecological resources are interconnected across the landscape. In our case study region, this would improve the capacity of stakeholders to detect both the inte

Wind speed is the most important parameter to be considered when designing wind energy conversion systems (WECS), since its probability density distribution greatly affects the performance. In this paper, five numerical methods were analysed and their performance evaluated for effectiveness in determining the parameters for the Weibull distribution. Twenty eight years (1985

Kod poluidealnog gasa, promena entropije ne može se odrediti preko srednjeg specifičnog toplotnog kapaciteta na način kao što se određuje promena unutrašnje energije i entalpije, odnosno razmenjena količina toplote. Uzimajući ovo u obzir, u radu je izveden pogodan model preko koga je moguće odrediti promenu specifične entropije poluidealnog gasa za proizvoljan temperaturski interval primenom tablične metode, koristeći srednje vrednosti razlomljenih temperaturnih funkcija. Ideja je da se integriranje koje se ovde neminovno javlja, zameni srednjim vrednostima prethodnih funkcija. Model je izveden na bazi funkcionalne zavisnosti stvarnog specifičnog toplotnog kapaciteta od temperature. Pri ovome korišćena je teorema o srednjoj vrednosti funkcije kao i matematičke osobine određenog integrala. Srednja vrednost razlomljene funkcije određena je direktno preko njene podintegralne funkcije. Izvedene relacije, primenom računarskog programa, omogućile su sastavljanje odgovarajućih termodinamičkih tablica preko kojih je moguće odrediti promenu entropije proizvoljne promene stanja na efikasan odnosno racionalan način bez primene integralnog računa, odnosno gotovih obrazaca. Na ovaj način, promena entropije poluidealnog gasa, određena je za proizvoljan temperaturski interval analognom metodom koja se primenjuje i kod određivanja promene unutrašnje energije i entalpije odnosno razmenjene količine toplote, što je bio i cilj rada. Verifikacija predložene metode za gore navedenu funkciju, izvedena je za određeni poluidealni gas za tri usvojena temperaturska intervala, za karakterističnu promenu stanja. Pri ovome izvršeno je poređenje rezultata prema klasičnoj integralnoj i predloženoj metodi preko sastavljenih tablica.Prikazanu metodu, u određenim odnosno posebnim slučajevima, moguće je primeniti i kod određivanja promene entropije realnog gasa.Isto tako, u radu je pokazano da je promenu entropije za posmatrani karakterističan slučaj, moguće predstaviti odnosno grafički odrediti plan

Wind speed is the most important parameter to be considered when designing wind energy conversion systems (WECS), since its probability density distribution greatly affects the performance. In this paper, five numerical methods were analysed and their performance evaluated for effectiveness in determining the parameters for the Weibull distribution. Twenty eight years (1985

Wind speed is the most important parameter to be considered when designing wind energy conversion systems (WECS), since its probability density distribution greatly affects the performance. In this paper, five numerical methods were analysed and their performance evaluated for effectiveness in determining the parameters for the Weibull distribution. Twenty eight years (1985

Kod poluidealnog gasa, promena entropije ne može se odrediti preko srednjeg specifičnog toplotnog kapaciteta na način kao što se određuje promena unutrašnje energije i entalpije, odnosno razmenjena količina toplote. Uzimajući ovo u obzir, u radu je izveden pogodan model preko koga je moguće odrediti promenu specifične entropije poluidealnog gasa za proizvoljan temperaturski interval primenom tablične metode, koristeći srednje vrednosti razlomljenih temperaturnih funkcija. Ideja je da se integriranje koje se ovde neminovno javlja, zameni srednjim vrednostima prethodnih funkcija. Model je izveden na bazi funkcionalne zavisnosti stvarnog specifičnog toplotnog kapaciteta od temperature. Pri ovome korišćena je teorema o srednjoj vrednosti funkcije kao i matematičke osobine određenog integrala. Srednja vrednost razlomljene funkcije određena je direktno preko njene podintegralne funkcije. Izvedene relacije, primenom računarskog programa, omogućile su sastavljanje odgovarajućih termodinamičkih tablica preko kojih je moguće odrediti promenu entropije proizvoljne promene stanja na efikasan odnosno racionalan način bez primene integralnog računa, odnosno gotovih obrazaca. Na ovaj način, promena entropije poluidealnog gasa, određena je za proizvoljan temperaturski interval analognom metodom koja se primenjuje i kod određivanja promene unutrašnje energije i entalpije odnosno razmenjene količine toplote, što je bio i cilj rada. Verifikacija predložene metode za gore navedenu funkciju, izvedena je za određeni poluidealni gas za tri usvojena temperaturska intervala, za karakterističnu promenu stanja. Pri ovome izvršeno je poređenje rezultata prema klasičnoj integralnoj i predloženoj metodi preko sastavljenih tablica.Prikazanu metodu, u određenim odnosno posebnim slučajevima, moguće je primeniti i kod određivanja promene entropije realnog gasa.Isto tako, u radu je pokazano da je promenu entropije za posmatrani karakterističan slučaj, moguće predstaviti odnosno grafički odrediti plan

The article considers the management problems of the industry development program. It is proposed a model of controlling the program execution based on the graphic method, В статье рассмотрены проблемы управления программами отраслевого развития. Предложена модель мониторинга поэтапного внедрения программы на основе графического метода, У статті розглянуті проблеми управління програмами галузевого розвитку. Запропоновано модель моніторингу поетапного впровадження програми на основі графічного методу

The process capability index C pk is widely used when measuring the capability of a manufacturing process. A process is defined to be capable if the capability index exceeds a stated threshold value, e.g. C pk >4/3. This inequality can be expressed graphically using a process capability plot, which is a plot in the plane defined by the process mean and the process standard deviation, showing the region for a capable process. In the process capability plot, a safety region can be plotted to obtain a simple graphical decision rule to assess process capability at a given significance level. We consider safety regions to be used for the index C pk . Under the assumption of normality, we derive elliptical safety regions so that, using a random sample, conclusions about the process capability can be drawn at a given significance level. This simple graphical tool is helpful when trying to understand whether it is the variability, the deviation from target, or both that need to be reduced to improve the capability. Furthermore, using safety regions, several characteristics with different specification limits and different sample sizes can be monitored in the same plot. The proposed graphical decision rule is also investigated with respect to power.

In this paper we consider the problem of testing for parameter changes in ARIMA models based on the cusum test. The proposed test procedure is applicable to testing for the change from stationary models to nonstationary models, and vice versa. The idea is to transform the time series via differencing to make the whole time series as a combination of stationary subseries. For this task, we propose a graphical method to identify the right order of differencing. Then the cusum test statistic proposed by Lee et al. (2003) is constructed based the differenced time series. Simulation study and real data analysis are provided for illustration.

In this paper we consider the problem of testing for parameter changes in ARIMA models based on the cusum test. The proposed test procedure is applicable to testing for the change from stationary models to nonstationary models, and vice versa. The idea is to transform the time series via differencing to make the whole time series as a combination of stationary subseries. For this task, we propose a graphical method to identify the right order of differencing. Then the cusum test statistic proposed by Lee et al. (2003) is constructed based the differenced time series. Simulation study and real data analysis are provided for illustration.

type:text, In this paper we consider the problem of testing for parameter changes in ARIMA models based on the cusum test. The proposed test procedure is applicable to testing for the change from stationary models to nonstationary models, and vice versa. The idea is to transform the time series via differencing to make the whole time series as a combination of stationary subseries. For this task, we propose a graphical method to identify the right order of differencing. Then the cusum test statistic proposed by Lee et al. (2003) is constructed based the differenced time series. Simulation study and real data analysis are provided for illustration.

Many optimization problems are characterized by the flexibility to establish utility between the objective functions. The experimental strategy plays an important role in generating these objective functions, in addition, it has been conveniently applied to reduce quality costs and in the continuous improvement of the quality of processes and products. It is common to find many industrial applications with several responses whose purpose is to achieve the overall quality of a product, so it is necessary to simultaneously optimize the responses of interest. In essence, the problem of optimization of several responses involves selecting a set of independent variables such conditions or that result in a product or service appropriate. That is, it is desired to select the levels of the independent variables that optimize all the answers at the same time., Muchos problemas de optimización son caracterizados por la flexibilidad para establecer la utilidad entre las funciones objetivo. La estrategia experimental desempeña un papel importante para generar estas funciones objetivo, además, ésta se ha aplicado de manera conveniente para disminuir costos de calidad y en la mejora continua de la calidad de procesos y productos. Es frecuente encontrar muchas aplicaciones industriales con varias respuestas cuya finalidad es alcanzar la calidad global de un producto, por lo que es necesario optimizar de manera simultánea las respuestas de interés. En esencia, el problema de optimización de varias respuestas involucra la selección de un conjunto de condiciones o variables independientes tales que den como resultado un producto o servicio adecuado. Es decir, se desea seleccionar los niveles de las variables independientes que optimicen todas las respuestas a la vez.

In this paper we consider the problem of testing for parameter changes in ARIMA models based on the cusum test. The proposed test procedure is applicable to testing for the change from stationary models to nonstationary models, and vice versa. The idea is to transform the time series via differencing to make the whole time series as a combination of stationary subseries. For this task, we propose a graphical method to identify the right order of differencing. Then the cusum test statistic proposed by Lee et al. (2003) is constructed based the differenced time series. Simulation study and real data analysis are provided for illustration.