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Capacity planning strategies mainly refer to manufacturing contexts. With an increased demand of customized products, engineer-to-order (ETO) is likely to be more common for further products and companies. Capacity estimations and loading principles for engineering tend to have more uncertainties than in manufacturing and are not well documented. A side-effect from another study turned out to be a model with the aim to structure the underlying mechanisms of capacity and load for engineering. The study was looking at machine learning (ML) predictions to be used to improve engineering loading models for supporting tactical decision makings which usually was based on a large portion of experience and emotions rather than data. The study was performed in a case company in an ETO context. The model contributed to get a business understanding for the project team and to specify the scope of the ML-project. The model was also useful when investigating the required and available data for the ML-project. This model might be useful for other practitioners struggling to improve engineering capacity and load models with or without ML, but also for scholars to improve further.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka det utvecklande ledarskapets positiva utfall i form av engagemang och upplevd effektivitet på ett medicintekniskt bolag. Vidare ämnade studien att utforska eventuella samband mellan det utvecklande ledarskapets dimensioner (föredömligt autentiskt handlande, personlig omtanke samt inspiration och motivation) och engagemang samt upplevd effektivitet. Det utvecklande ledarskapet har tidigare inte studerats i större omfattning inom STEM-organisationer och därav kan studiens unika resultat bidra med kunskap till en bransch som kan förbättra människors liv. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom en digital enkätundersökning som besvarades av medarbetare inom divisionen Devices & Software på CellaVision AB (n = 75). Hypotesprövning genomfördes genom t-test av oberoende medelvärden. Studiens resultat visade att den grupp av medarbetare som skattade sin chef högre på utvecklande ledarskap rapporterade signifikant högre nivåer av engagemang samt upplevd effektivitet, än medarbetare i den grupp som skattade sin chef lägre. Vidare visade sig ledarskapsdimensionen inspiration och motivation vara den enda med signifikant korrelation till både engagemang och upplevd effektivitet. Resultatet visade även att dimensionen personlig omtanke var signifikant korrelerad med upplevd effektivitet. Fynden är av värde för samarbetsorganisationens framtida arbete och bidrar till förståelsen av det utvecklande ledarskapets positiva utfall i arbetslivet., The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental leadership and its positive outcomes on a MedTech company, more specifically engagement and perceived effectiveness. Moreover, the study aimed to explore the developmental leadership dimension’s (exemplary model, individualized consideration, and inspiration and motivation) potential relationships with engagement and perceived effectiveness. The developmental leadership was shown to be inadequately researched in STEM organizations in the past. Therefore this study’s unique results can contribute to knowledge in an industry that can improve people’s lives. The data was collected through a digital survey answered by employees within the division Devices & Software at CellaVision AB (n = 75). Hypothesis testing was made through t-tests for independent means. The results showed that the group of employees who rated their manager higher on developmental leadership also reported significantly higher levels of engagement and perceived effectiveness, than the group of employees who rated their manager lower on the leadership scale. Furthermore, it was shown that the leadership dimension of inspiration and motivation was the only one with a significant correlation to both engagement and perceived effectiveness. The result also implied that the dimension of individualized consideration was significantly correlated with perceived effectiveness. The findings are of great value to the partner organization’s future work and contribute to understanding the positive outcomes the developmental leadership can generate in the working life.

Introduction: Engineers' work has become more complex with increased demands in today's changing working life. Self-efficacy is essential to successfully adapt to work-related changes and to cope with adverse job demands. However, less is known about aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy. Therefore, this study explores facilitators and barriers to aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy beliefs to continue working until expected retirement age. An additional purpose is to explore if any of the aspects described by the engineers are more prominent. Methods: The study design was exploratory, using mixed methods with a qualitative to quantitative approach. A total of 125 engineers, aged between 45 and 65 years, answered two open-ended survey questions about what positively and negatively affect their occupational self-efficacy beliefs to continue working. First, data was analyzed using an inductive manifest qualitative content analysis. Next, descriptive statistics were performed based on the results of the qualitative study. Results: The analyses revealed that health and working conditions that affect health were crucial facilitators and barriers for the aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy to continue working until expected retirement age. Furthermore, the engineers emphasized competence, motivation from meaningful tasks, family and leisure, and private economy. Discussion: The aging engineers' own health seems to be prominent in their self-efficacy regarding a full working life; consequently, support still needs to address issues affecting health.

Introduction: Engineers' work has become more complex with increased demands in today's changing working life. Self-efficacy is essential to successfully adapt to work-related changes and to cope with adverse job demands. However, less is known about aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy. Therefore, this study explores facilitators and barriers to aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy beliefs to continue working until expected retirement age. An additional purpose is to explore if any of the aspects described by the engineers are more prominent. Methods: The study design was exploratory, using mixed methods with a qualitative to quantitative approach. A total of 125 engineers, aged between 45 and 65 years, answered two open-ended survey questions about what positively and negatively affect their occupational self-efficacy beliefs to continue working. First, data was analyzed using an inductive manifest qualitative content analysis. Next, descriptive statistics were performed based on the results of the qualitative study. Results: The analyses revealed that health and working conditions that affect health were crucial facilitators and barriers for the aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy to continue working until expected retirement age. Furthermore, the engineers emphasized competence, motivation from meaningful tasks, family and leisure, and private economy. Discussion: The aging engineers' own health seems to be prominent in their self-efficacy regarding a full working life; consequently, support still needs to address issues affecting health.

Introduction: Engineers' work has become more complex with increased demands in today's changing working life. Self-efficacy is essential to successfully adapt to work-related changes and to cope with adverse job demands. However, less is known about aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy. Therefore, this study explores facilitators and barriers to aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy beliefs to continue working until expected retirement age. An additional purpose is to explore if any of the aspects described by the engineers are more prominent. Methods: The study design was exploratory, using mixed methods with a qualitative to quantitative approach. A total of 125 engineers, aged between 45 and 65 years, answered two open-ended survey questions about what positively and negatively affect their occupational self-efficacy beliefs to continue working. First, data was analyzed using an inductive manifest qualitative content analysis. Next, descriptive statistics were performed based on the results of the qualitative study. Results: The analyses revealed that health and working conditions that affect health were crucial facilitators and barriers for the aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy to continue working until expected retirement age. Furthermore, the engineers emphasized competence, motivation from meaningful tasks, family and leisure, and private economy. Discussion: The aging engineers' own health seems to be prominent in their self-efficacy regarding a full working life; consequently, support still needs to address issues affecting health.

In the context of designing and implementing ethical Artificial Intelligence (AI), varying perspectives exist regarding developing trustworthy AI for autonomous cars. This study sheds light on the differences in perspectives and provides recommendations to minimize such divergences. By exploring the diverse viewpoints, we identify key factors contributing to the differences and propose strategies to bridge the gaps. This study goes beyond the trolley problem to visualize the complex challenges of trustworthy and ethical AI. Three pillars of trustworthy AI have been defined: transparency, reliability, and safety. This research contributes to the field of trustworthy AI for autonomous cars, providing practical recommendations to enhance the development of AI systems that prioritize both technological advancement and ethical principles.

Engineers belong to a group of workers that will form a large and important part of the green transition in northern Sweden. At the same time there are many engineers with the right competence in the energy sector that remains missing. To resolve the future skills gap, this essay aims to find an understanding of engineers’ perspectives of the labor market and how to manage and attract the skills needed for a sustainable industrialization in northern Sweden. This essay used qualitative methods, more specifically semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis, to gather and analyse the collected data. The results of the essay indicate that engineers in the energy sector value development opportunities, flexibility, and the opportunity to achieve a work life balance highly. Thus, salary seems to not form a large part of the engineers most important preferences in their work life. This shows that regardless of what sector a company belongs to, they could focus on and promote motivational factors rather than monetary rewards.

Introduction: Engineers' work has become more complex with increased demands in today's changing working life. Self-efficacy is essential to successfully adapt to work-related changes and to cope with adverse job demands. However, less is known about aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy. Therefore, this study explores facilitators and barriers to aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy beliefs to continue working until expected retirement age. An additional purpose is to explore if any of the aspects described by the engineers are more prominent. Methods: The study design was exploratory, using mixed methods with a qualitative to quantitative approach. A total of 125 engineers, aged between 45 and 65 years, answered two open-ended survey questions about what positively and negatively affect their occupational self-efficacy beliefs to continue working. First, data was analyzed using an inductive manifest qualitative content analysis. Next, descriptive statistics were performed based on the results of the qualitative study. Results: The analyses revealed that health and working conditions that affect health were crucial facilitators and barriers for the aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy to continue working until expected retirement age. Furthermore, the engineers emphasized competence, motivation from meaningful tasks, family and leisure, and private economy. Discussion: The aging engineers' own health seems to be prominent in their self-efficacy regarding a full working life; consequently, support still needs to address issues affecting health.

Genres are integral to and critically important for any ESP writing course. As part of the needs analysis to design an ESP writing course, classroom teaching frequency and professional usefulness of writing genres for engineering students were matched and correlated. The four groups comprising students, teachers, operational and managerial engineers were compared in terms of their responses to the teaching and usefulness of genres. Accordingly, post hoc analysis was carried out, and means were compared wherever the differences were found to be significant. It has been established through this research that needs analysis of all the important stakeholders- students, professional engineers, teachers – should be done because there are gaps in their respective perceptions regarding the use of genres in an ESP course and through such a triangulated assessment, the gaps can be minimized.

Engineers belong to a group of workers that will form a large and important part of the green transition in northern Sweden. At the same time there are many engineers with the right competence in the energy sector that remains missing. To resolve the future skills gap, this essay aims to find an understanding of engineers’ perspectives of the labor market and how to manage and attract the skills needed for a sustainable industrialization in northern Sweden. This essay used qualitative methods, more specifically semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis, to gather and analyse the collected data. The results of the essay indicate that engineers in the energy sector value development opportunities, flexibility, and the opportunity to achieve a work life balance highly. Thus, salary seems to not form a large part of the engineers most important preferences in their work life. This shows that regardless of what sector a company belongs to, they could focus on and promote motivational factors rather than monetary rewards.

In the context of designing and implementing ethical Artificial Intelligence (AI), varying perspectives exist regarding developing trustworthy AI for autonomous cars. This study sheds light on the differences in perspectives and provides recommendations to minimize such divergences. By exploring the diverse viewpoints, we identify key factors contributing to the differences and propose strategies to bridge the gaps. This study goes beyond the trolley problem to visualize the complex challenges of trustworthy and ethical AI. Three pillars of trustworthy AI have been defined: transparency, reliability, and safety. This research contributes to the field of trustworthy AI for autonomous cars, providing practical recommendations to enhance the development of AI systems that prioritize both technological advancement and ethical principles.

Introduction: Engineers' work has become more complex with increased demands in today's changing working life. Self-efficacy is essential to successfully adapt to work-related changes and to cope with adverse job demands. However, less is known about aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy. Therefore, this study explores facilitators and barriers to aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy beliefs to continue working until expected retirement age. An additional purpose is to explore if any of the aspects described by the engineers are more prominent. Methods: The study design was exploratory, using mixed methods with a qualitative to quantitative approach. A total of 125 engineers, aged between 45 and 65 years, answered two open-ended survey questions about what positively and negatively affect their occupational self-efficacy beliefs to continue working. First, data was analyzed using an inductive manifest qualitative content analysis. Next, descriptive statistics were performed based on the results of the qualitative study. Results: The analyses revealed that health and working conditions that affect health were crucial facilitators and barriers for the aging engineers' occupational self-efficacy to continue working until expected retirement age. Furthermore, the engineers emphasized competence, motivation from meaningful tasks, family and leisure, and private economy. Discussion: The aging engineers' own health seems to be prominent in their self-efficacy regarding a full working life; consequently, support still needs to address issues affecting health.

Engineers commonly use informal diagrams for sketching, brainstorming, and communicating initial system designs. Diagramming is accessible, new concepts can be added freely, and diagrams can be specifically adjusted to communicate at the exact right level of abstraction depending on the audience. However, the information carried by informal diagrams is most often not precise enough for automation purposes, e.g. analysis. Consequently, there is a risk that these diagrams and the knowledge carried by them are lost in slide decks or buried somewhere in a documentation space. Diagrammatic models, which, unlike informal diagrams, have well-defined syntax and semantics, can be used for automatic analysis of consistency, architectural conformance, change impact, and others. Given the preference for informal diagramming, complete adoption of modeling for architectures seems unlikely in industrial settings that we have studied so far. Therefore, we propose to support engineers to benefit from both these seemingly opposites, as well as to ensure that diagrams convey the right amount of information for the particular task at hand. We envision more malleable models, in which engineers can freely navigate along two orthogonal spectra: (1) horizontal, from informal diagramming to modeling and (2) vertical, from less to more details exposed by a diagram. This paper describes our vision for working with such malleable models, use cases for it, and research needed to make it possible.

The COVID-19 outbreak has admittedly caused interruptions to production, transportation, and mobility, therefore, having a significant impact on the global supply and demand chain's well-functioning. But what happened to companies developing digital services, such as software? How has the enforced Working-From-Home (WFH) mode impacted their ability to deliver software, if at all? This article shares our findings from monitoring the WFH during 2020 in an international software company with engineers located in Sweden, the USA, and the UK. We analyzed different aspects of productivity, such as developer job satisfaction and well-being, activity, communication and collaboration, efficiency and flow based on the archives of commit data, calendar invites, Slack communication, the internal reports of WFH experiences, and 30 interviews carried out in April/May and September 2020. We add more objective evidence to the existing COVID-19 studies the vast majority of which are based on self-reported productivity from the early months of the pandemic. We find that engineers continue committing code and carrying out their daily duties, as their routines adjust to “the new norm”. Our key message is that software engineers can work from home and quickly adjust their tactical approaches to the changes of unprecedented scale. Further, WFH has its benefits, including better work-life balance, improved flow, and improved quality of distributed meetings and events. Yet, WFH is not challenge free: not everybody feels equally productive working from home, work hours for many increased, while physical activity, socialization, pairing and opportunities to connect to unfamiliar colleagues decreased. Information sharing and meeting patterns also changed. Finally, experiences gained during the pandemic will have a lasting impact on the future of the workplace. The results of an internal company-wide survey suggest that only 9% of engineers will return to work in the office full time. Our arti, open access

The COVID-19 outbreak has admittedly caused interruptions to production, transportation, and mobility, therefore, having a significant impact on the global supply and demand chain's well-functioning. But what happened to companies developing digital services, such as software? How has the enforced Working-From-Home (WFH) mode impacted their ability to deliver software, if at all? This article shares our findings from monitoring the WFH during 2020 in an international software company with engineers located in Sweden, the USA, and the UK. We analyzed different aspects of productivity, such as developer job satisfaction and well-being, activity, communication and collaboration, efficiency and flow based on the archives of commit data, calendar invites, Slack communication, the internal reports of WFH experiences, and 30 interviews carried out in April/May and September 2020. We add more objective evidence to the existing COVID-19 studies the vast majority of which are based on self-reported productivity from the early months of the pandemic. We find that engineers continue committing code and carrying out their daily duties, as their routines adjust to “the new norm”. Our key message is that software engineers can work from home and quickly adjust their tactical approaches to the changes of unprecedented scale. Further, WFH has its benefits, including better work-life balance, improved flow, and improved quality of distributed meetings and events. Yet, WFH is not challenge free: not everybody feels equally productive working from home, work hours for many increased, while physical activity, socialization, pairing and opportunities to connect to unfamiliar colleagues decreased. Information sharing and meeting patterns also changed. Finally, experiences gained during the pandemic will have a lasting impact on the future of the workplace. The results of an internal company-wide survey suggest that only 9% of engineers will return to work in the office full time. Our arti, open access

The COVID-19 outbreak has admittedly caused interruptions to production, transportation, and mobility, therefore, having a significant impact on the global supply and demand chain's well-functioning. But what happened to companies developing digital services, such as software? How has the enforced Working-From-Home (WFH) mode impacted their ability to deliver software, if at all? This article shares our findings from monitoring the WFH during 2020 in an international software company with engineers located in Sweden, the USA, and the UK. We analyzed different aspects of productivity, such as developer job satisfaction and well-being, activity, communication and collaboration, efficiency and flow based on the archives of commit data, calendar invites, Slack communication, the internal reports of WFH experiences, and 30 interviews carried out in April/May and September 2020. We add more objective evidence to the existing COVID-19 studies the vast majority of which are based on self-reported productivity from the early months of the pandemic. We find that engineers continue committing code and carrying out their daily duties, as their routines adjust to “the new norm”. Our key message is that software engineers can work from home and quickly adjust their tactical approaches to the changes of unprecedented scale. Further, WFH has its benefits, including better work-life balance, improved flow, and improved quality of distributed meetings and events. Yet, WFH is not challenge free: not everybody feels equally productive working from home, work hours for many increased, while physical activity, socialization, pairing and opportunities to connect to unfamiliar colleagues decreased. Information sharing and meeting patterns also changed. Finally, experiences gained during the pandemic will have a lasting impact on the future of the workplace. The results of an internal company-wide survey suggest that only 9% of engineers will return to work in the office full time. Our arti, open access

The COVID-19 outbreak has admittedly caused interruptions to production, transportation, and mobility, therefore, having a significant impact on the global supply and demand chain's well-functioning. But what happened to companies developing digital services, such as software? How has the enforced Working-From-Home (WFH) mode impacted their ability to deliver software, if at all? This article shares our findings from monitoring the WFH during 2020 in an international software company with engineers located in Sweden, the USA, and the UK. We analyzed different aspects of productivity, such as developer job satisfaction and well-being, activity, communication and collaboration, efficiency and flow based on the archives of commit data, calendar invites, Slack communication, the internal reports of WFH experiences, and 30 interviews carried out in April/May and September 2020. We add more objective evidence to the existing COVID-19 studies the vast majority of which are based on self-reported productivity from the early months of the pandemic. We find that engineers continue committing code and carrying out their daily duties, as their routines adjust to “the new norm”. Our key message is that software engineers can work from home and quickly adjust their tactical approaches to the changes of unprecedented scale. Further, WFH has its benefits, including better work-life balance, improved flow, and improved quality of distributed meetings and events. Yet, WFH is not challenge free: not everybody feels equally productive working from home, work hours for many increased, while physical activity, socialization, pairing and opportunities to connect to unfamiliar colleagues decreased. Information sharing and meeting patterns also changed. Finally, experiences gained during the pandemic will have a lasting impact on the future of the workplace. The results of an internal company-wide survey suggest that only 9% of engineers will return to work in the office full time. Our arti, open access

The COVID-19 outbreak has admittedly caused interruptions to production, transportation, and mobility, therefore, having a significant impact on the global supply and demand chain's well-functioning. But what happened to companies developing digital services, such as software? How has the enforced Working-From-Home (WFH) mode impacted their ability to deliver software, if at all? This article shares our findings from monitoring the WFH during 2020 in an international software company with engineers located in Sweden, the USA, and the UK. We analyzed different aspects of productivity, such as developer job satisfaction and well-being, activity, communication and collaboration, efficiency and flow based on the archives of commit data, calendar invites, Slack communication, the internal reports of WFH experiences, and 30 interviews carried out in April/May and September 2020. We add more objective evidence to the existing COVID-19 studies the vast majority of which are based on self-reported productivity from the early months of the pandemic. We find that engineers continue committing code and carrying out their daily duties, as their routines adjust to “the new norm”. Our key message is that software engineers can work from home and quickly adjust their tactical approaches to the changes of unprecedented scale. Further, WFH has its benefits, including better work-life balance, improved flow, and improved quality of distributed meetings and events. Yet, WFH is not challenge free: not everybody feels equally productive working from home, work hours for many increased, while physical activity, socialization, pairing and opportunities to connect to unfamiliar colleagues decreased. Information sharing and meeting patterns also changed. Finally, experiences gained during the pandemic will have a lasting impact on the future of the workplace. The results of an internal company-wide survey suggest that only 9% of engineers will return to work in the office full time. Our arti, open access

The COVID-19 outbreak has admittedly caused interruptions to production, transportation, and mobility, therefore, having a significant impact on the global supply and demand chain's well-functioning. But what happened to companies developing digital services, such as software? How has the enforced Working-From-Home (WFH) mode impacted their ability to deliver software, if at all? This article shares our findings from monitoring the WFH during 2020 in an international software company with engineers located in Sweden, the USA, and the UK. We analyzed different aspects of productivity, such as developer job satisfaction and well-being, activity, communication and collaboration, efficiency and flow based on the archives of commit data, calendar invites, Slack communication, the internal reports of WFH experiences, and 30 interviews carried out in April/May and September 2020. We add more objective evidence to the existing COVID-19 studies the vast majority of which are based on self-reported productivity from the early months of the pandemic. We find that engineers continue committing code and carrying out their daily duties, as their routines adjust to “the new norm”. Our key message is that software engineers can work from home and quickly adjust their tactical approaches to the changes of unprecedented scale. Further, WFH has its benefits, including better work-life balance, improved flow, and improved quality of distributed meetings and events. Yet, WFH is not challenge free: not everybody feels equally productive working from home, work hours for many increased, while physical activity, socialization, pairing and opportunities to connect to unfamiliar colleagues decreased. Information sharing and meeting patterns also changed. Finally, experiences gained during the pandemic will have a lasting impact on the future of the workplace. The results of an internal company-wide survey suggest that only 9% of engineers will return to work in the office full time. Our arti, open access

Syftet med studien var att undersöka det utvecklande ledarskapets positiva utfall i form av engagemang och upplevd effektivitet på ett medicintekniskt bolag. Vidare ämnade studien att utforska eventuella samband mellan det utvecklande ledarskapets dimensioner (föredömligt autentiskt handlande, personlig omtanke samt inspiration och motivation) och engagemang samt upplevd effektivitet. Det utvecklande ledarskapet har tidigare inte studerats i större omfattning inom STEM-organisationer och därav kan studiens unika resultat bidra med kunskap till en bransch som kan förbättra människors liv. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom en digital enkätundersökning som besvarades av medarbetare inom divisionen Devices & Software på CellaVision AB (n = 75). Hypotesprövning genomfördes genom t-test av oberoende medelvärden. Studiens resultat visade att den grupp av medarbetare som skattade sin chef högre på utvecklande ledarskap rapporterade signifikant högre nivåer av engagemang samt upplevd effektivitet, än medarbetare i den grupp som skattade sin chef lägre. Vidare visade sig ledarskapsdimensionen inspiration och motivation vara den enda med signifikant korrelation till både engagemang och upplevd effektivitet. Resultatet visade även att dimensionen personlig omtanke var signifikant korrelerad med upplevd effektivitet. Fynden är av värde för samarbetsorganisationens framtida arbete och bidrar till förståelsen av det utvecklande ledarskapets positiva utfall i arbetslivet., The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental leadership and its positive outcomes on a MedTech company, more specifically engagement and perceived effectiveness. Moreover, the study aimed to explore the developmental leadership dimension’s (exemplary model, individualized consideration, and inspiration and motivation) potential relationships with engagement and perceived effectiveness. The developmental leadership was shown to be inadequately researched in STEM organizations in the past. Therefore this study’s unique results can contribute to knowledge in an industry that can improve people’s lives. The data was collected through a digital survey answered by employees within the division Devices & Software at CellaVision AB (n = 75). Hypothesis testing was made through t-tests for independent means. The results showed that the group of employees who rated their manager higher on developmental leadership also reported significantly higher levels of engagement and perceived effectiveness, than the group of employees who rated their manager lower on the leadership scale. Furthermore, it was shown that the leadership dimension of inspiration and motivation was the only one with a significant correlation to both engagement and perceived effectiveness. The result also implied that the dimension of individualized consideration was significantly correlated with perceived effectiveness. The findings are of great value to the partner organization’s future work and contribute to understanding the positive outcomes the developmental leadership can generate in the working life.

This course has two parallel aims: To improve student writing about technical subject matters, including forms of writing commonly employed in technical organizations, and Critically to examine the nature of technologically-assisted communication, focusing somewhat on professional communication among scientists and engineers. We will often combine these two goals, by practicing critical investigation of communications technologies in written formats (and other media) that employ communications technologies.

Innovative engineering and computer science professionals—along with the higher education institutions that prepare many of them for the workforce—create vast economic and societal value for Utah.

Innovative engineering and computer science professionals—along with the higher education institutions that prepare many of them for the workforce—create vast economic and societal value for Utah.

The area of computer and electrical engineering is under constant evolution which leads to lifelong learning being an important aspect for being a long term successful working professional. This work presents an education model for creating customized and flexible courses at advanced level for these working professionals. We have approached this work from the educator's point of view and the focus will be on the teaching model and our results from implementing the model during the last two years. Including how we created these need and trend-based education offerings, the course execution inspired with micro-learning and flipped-classroom pedagogics, and our work with creating win-win possibilities within the courses for the working professionals and the companies they work for. Finally, we will present our experiences and lessons learnt, ending with a plan for our upcoming courses and our refined model in our ongoing future work.

The area of computer and electrical engineering is under constant evolution which leads to lifelong learning being an important aspect for being a long term successful working professional. This work presents an education model for creating customized and flexible courses at advanced level for these working professionals. We have approached this work from the educator's point of view and the focus will be on the teaching model and our results from implementing the model during the last two years. Including how we created these need and trend-based education offerings, the course execution inspired with micro-learning and flipped-classroom pedagogics, and our work with creating win-win possibilities within the courses for the working professionals and the companies they work for. Finally, we will present our experiences and lessons learnt, ending with a plan for our upcoming courses and our refined model in our ongoing future work.

The area of computer and electrical engineering is under constant evolution which leads to lifelong learning being an important aspect for being a long term successful working professional. This work presents an education model for creating customized and flexible courses at advanced level for these working professionals. We have approached this work from the educator's point of view and the focus will be on the teaching model and our results from implementing the model during the last two years. Including how we created these need and trend-based education offerings, the course execution inspired with micro-learning and flipped-classroom pedagogics, and our work with creating win-win possibilities within the courses for the working professionals and the companies they work for. Finally, we will present our experiences and lessons learnt, ending with a plan for our upcoming courses and our refined model in our ongoing future work.

The area of computer and electrical engineering is under constant evolution which leads to lifelong learning being an important aspect for being a long term successful working professional. This work presents an education model for creating customized and flexible courses at advanced level for these working professionals. We have approached this work from the educator's point of view and the focus will be on the teaching model and our results from implementing the model during the last two years. Including how we created these need and trend-based education offerings, the course execution inspired with micro-learning and flipped-classroom pedagogics, and our work with creating win-win possibilities within the courses for the working professionals and the companies they work for. Finally, we will present our experiences and lessons learnt, ending with a plan for our upcoming courses and our refined model in our ongoing future work.

The area of computer and electrical engineering is under constant evolution which leads to lifelong learning being an important aspect for being a long term successful working professional. This work presents an education model for creating customized and flexible courses at advanced level for these working professionals. We have approached this work from the educator's point of view and the focus will be on the teaching model and our results from implementing the model during the last two years. Including how we created these need and trend-based education offerings, the course execution inspired with micro-learning and flipped-classroom pedagogics, and our work with creating win-win possibilities within the courses for the working professionals and the companies they work for. Finally, we will present our experiences and lessons learnt, ending with a plan for our upcoming courses and our refined model in our ongoing future work.

This course has two parallel aims: To improve student writing about technical subject matters, including forms of writing commonly employed in technical organizations, and Critically to examine the nature of technologically-assisted communication, focusing somewhat on professional communication among scientists and engineers. We will often combine these two goals, by practicing critical investigation of communications technologies in written formats (and other media) that employ communications technologies.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a natural experiment of an unprecedented scale as companies closed their offices and sent employees to work from home. Many managers were concerned that their engineers would not be able to work effectively from home, or lack the motivation to do so, and that they would lose control and not even notice when things go wrong. As many companies announced their post-COVID permanent remote-work or hybrid home/office policies, the question of what can be expected from software engineers who work from home becomes more and more relevant. Aims: To understand the nature of home telework we analyze the evidence of perceived changes in productivity comparing office work before the pandemic with the work from home during the pandemic from thirteen empirical surveys of practitioners. Method: We analyzed data from six corporate surveys conducted in four Scandinavian companies combined with the results of seven published surveys studying the perceived changes in productivity in industrial settings. In addition, we sought explanations for the variation in perceived productivity among the engineers from the studied companies through the qualitative analysis of open-ended questions and interviews. Results: Combined results of 7686 data points suggest that though on average perceived productivity has not changed significantly, there are developers who report being more productive, and developers being less productive when working from home. Positively affected individuals in some surveys form large groups of respondents (up to 50%) and mention benefiting from a better organization of work, increased flexibility and focus. Yet, there are equally large groups of negatively affected respondents (up to 51%) who complain about the challenges related to remote teamwork and collaboration, as well as emotional issues, distractions and poor home office environment and equipment. Finally, positive trends are found in longitudinal surveys, i.e., develo, open access

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a natural experiment of an unprecedented scale as companies closed their offices and sent employees to work from home. Many managers were concerned that their engineers would not be able to work effectively from home, or lack the motivation to do so, and that they would lose control and not even notice when things go wrong. As many companies announced their post-COVID permanent remote-work or hybrid home/office policies, the question of what can be expected from software engineers who work from home becomes more and more relevant. Aims: To understand the nature of home telework we analyze the evidence of perceived changes in productivity comparing office work before the pandemic with the work from home during the pandemic from thirteen empirical surveys of practitioners. Method: We analyzed data from six corporate surveys conducted in four Scandinavian companies combined with the results of seven published surveys studying the perceived changes in productivity in industrial settings. In addition, we sought explanations for the variation in perceived productivity among the engineers from the studied companies through the qualitative analysis of open-ended questions and interviews. Results: Combined results of 7686 data points suggest that though on average perceived productivity has not changed significantly, there are developers who report being more productive, and developers being less productive when working from home. Positively affected individuals in some surveys form large groups of respondents (up to 50%) and mention benefiting from a better organization of work, increased flexibility and focus. Yet, there are equally large groups of negatively affected respondents (up to 51%) who complain about the challenges related to remote teamwork and collaboration, as well as emotional issues, distractions and poor home office environment and equipment. Finally, positive trends are found in longitudinal surveys, i.e., develo, open access

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a natural experiment of an unprecedented scale as companies closed their offices and sent employees to work from home. Many managers were concerned that their engineers would not be able to work effectively from home, or lack the motivation to do so, and that they would lose control and not even notice when things go wrong. As many companies announced their post-COVID permanent remote-work or hybrid home/office policies, the question of what can be expected from software engineers who work from home becomes more and more relevant. Aims: To understand the nature of home telework we analyze the evidence of perceived changes in productivity comparing office work before the pandemic with the work from home during the pandemic from thirteen empirical surveys of practitioners. Method: We analyzed data from six corporate surveys conducted in four Scandinavian companies combined with the results of seven published surveys studying the perceived changes in productivity in industrial settings. In addition, we sought explanations for the variation in perceived productivity among the engineers from the studied companies through the qualitative analysis of open-ended questions and interviews. Results: Combined results of 7686 data points suggest that though on average perceived productivity has not changed significantly, there are developers who report being more productive, and developers being less productive when working from home. Positively affected individuals in some surveys form large groups of respondents (up to 50%) and mention benefiting from a better organization of work, increased flexibility and focus. Yet, there are equally large groups of negatively affected respondents (up to 51%) who complain about the challenges related to remote teamwork and collaboration, as well as emotional issues, distractions and poor home office environment and equipment. Finally, positive trends are found in longitudinal surveys, i.e., develo, open access

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a natural experiment of an unprecedented scale as companies closed their offices and sent employees to work from home. Many managers were concerned that their engineers would not be able to work effectively from home, or lack the motivation to do so, and that they would lose control and not even notice when things go wrong. As many companies announced their post-COVID permanent remote-work or hybrid home/office policies, the question of what can be expected from software engineers who work from home becomes more and more relevant. Aims: To understand the nature of home telework we analyze the evidence of perceived changes in productivity comparing office work before the pandemic with the work from home during the pandemic from thirteen empirical surveys of practitioners. Method: We analyzed data from six corporate surveys conducted in four Scandinavian companies combined with the results of seven published surveys studying the perceived changes in productivity in industrial settings. In addition, we sought explanations for the variation in perceived productivity among the engineers from the studied companies through the qualitative analysis of open-ended questions and interviews. Results: Combined results of 7686 data points suggest that though on average perceived productivity has not changed significantly, there are developers who report being more productive, and developers being less productive when working from home. Positively affected individuals in some surveys form large groups of respondents (up to 50%) and mention benefiting from a better organization of work, increased flexibility and focus. Yet, there are equally large groups of negatively affected respondents (up to 51%) who complain about the challenges related to remote teamwork and collaboration, as well as emotional issues, distractions and poor home office environment and equipment. Finally, positive trends are found in longitudinal surveys, i.e., develo, open access

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a natural experiment of an unprecedented scale as companies closed their offices and sent employees to work from home. Many managers were concerned that their engineers would not be able to work effectively from home, or lack the motivation to do so, and that they would lose control and not even notice when things go wrong. As many companies announced their post-COVID permanent remote-work or hybrid home/office policies, the question of what can be expected from software engineers who work from home becomes more and more relevant. Aims: To understand the nature of home telework we analyze the evidence of perceived changes in productivity comparing office work before the pandemic with the work from home during the pandemic from thirteen empirical surveys of practitioners. Method: We analyzed data from six corporate surveys conducted in four Scandinavian companies combined with the results of seven published surveys studying the perceived changes in productivity in industrial settings. In addition, we sought explanations for the variation in perceived productivity among the engineers from the studied companies through the qualitative analysis of open-ended questions and interviews. Results: Combined results of 7686 data points suggest that though on average perceived productivity has not changed significantly, there are developers who report being more productive, and developers being less productive when working from home. Positively affected individuals in some surveys form large groups of respondents (up to 50%) and mention benefiting from a better organization of work, increased flexibility and focus. Yet, there are equally large groups of negatively affected respondents (up to 51%) who complain about the challenges related to remote teamwork and collaboration, as well as emotional issues, distractions and poor home office environment and equipment. Finally, positive trends are found in longitudinal surveys, i.e., develo, open access

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a natural experiment of an unprecedented scale as companies closed their offices and sent employees to work from home. Many managers were concerned that their engineers would not be able to work effectively from home, or lack the motivation to do so, and that they would lose control and not even notice when things go wrong. As many companies announced their post-COVID permanent remote-work or hybrid home/office policies, the question of what can be expected from software engineers who work from home becomes more and more relevant. Aims: To understand the nature of home telework we analyze the evidence of perceived changes in productivity comparing office work before the pandemic with the work from home during the pandemic from thirteen empirical surveys of practitioners. Method: We analyzed data from six corporate surveys conducted in four Scandinavian companies combined with the results of seven published surveys studying the perceived changes in productivity in industrial settings. In addition, we sought explanations for the variation in perceived productivity among the engineers from the studied companies through the qualitative analysis of open-ended questions and interviews. Results: Combined results of 7686 data points suggest that though on average perceived productivity has not changed significantly, there are developers who report being more productive, and developers being less productive when working from home. Positively affected individuals in some surveys form large groups of respondents (up to 50%) and mention benefiting from a better organization of work, increased flexibility and focus. Yet, there are equally large groups of negatively affected respondents (up to 51%) who complain about the challenges related to remote teamwork and collaboration, as well as emotional issues, distractions and poor home office environment and equipment. Finally, positive trends are found in longitudinal surveys, i.e., develo, open access

To innovate requires people. People that know how to innovate. For engineers, it is not always easy to do that. They know a lot about technology (feasibility) but could lack knowledge about the business (viability) and the market (desirability). This report aims to help engineers create a more innovative mindset and thereby boost the innovation output of their organization.A case study into Croonwolter&dros (CWD) explores the problems they encounter with innovation. CWD is a system integrator specializing in engineering and installing technical systems. They have over 140 years of experience in this field and aim to launch three new product-market combinations (PMC’s) a year. Currently, they are working hard to achieve this but have not managed to do so.From several interviews with stakeholders, I learned that knowledge sharing between divisions and colleagues is one of CWD’s issues. CWD is divided into three divisions: Infrastructure, Utility, and Industry. All these divisions have to develop their own business. This causes them to form silos where there is little to no cross-departmental collaboration. Therefore this case study focuses on addressing the lack of knowledge sharing to boost the innovation output of CWD.To understand what knowledge is needed in the organization, I analyzed innovations that are under development at CWD. This analysis showed that CWD employees mainly focus on the feasibility of their innovations and do not pay as much attention to the viability and desirability of their innovations. Because of that, they fail to fully convince essential stakeholders of their innovations’ potential.To tackle this problem, I organized three ideation sessions with innovators to brainstorm ideas that could create a more complete story around their innovations. Three different concepts resulted from these brainstorms. All with the potential to boost the innovation output of CWD. I needed a clear reference frame to compare and decide between the three con, Strategic Product Design

This article argues that mopeds played an ambivalent but ultimately positive role in the long-term success of Dutch cycling. Unlike in many other countries, Dutch cycling levels dropped but remained significant throughout the 1950s and 1960s, partly because cycling infrastructure continued to be constructed. One underexplored factor explaining this is the role of mopeds in the 1950s. The Netherlands constructed a significant network of cycle paths before the 1950s. When mopeds became popular, the existence of this network raised the question of where they should ride. Engineers and politicians classified mopeds as bicycles, assigning them to the cycle path. As a result, engineers decided to build more and wider cycle paths. Despite the danger and discomfort of sharing cycling paths, cyclists therefore also benefited in the long run from the decision to reframe cycle paths as cycle-and-moped paths.

Purpose: This research/investigation indorses a very good and systematized risk management method throughout planning stage of the project and with the contribution of construction specialists, end users and engineers. Methodology: The exploration project utilized quantitative examination plan. The examination study was both expressive and illustrative. The examination study was enlightening as it attempts to reaction the topic of what hazard the executives practices ought to be remembered for development projects arranging stage. Findings: The research study has successfully achieved its objective to identify the impact of risk identification, engineer/architect selection. All four hypotheses were accepted indicating; all the independent variables were positively related to project performance. There is strong positive relation between risk identification, engineer/architect selection and Project performance. There is a weak positive relation between sit selection, preliminary schedule and budget & Project performance. Implications: The researcher recommends the construction professional to focus on two major things during project planning which has greater impact over project performance, risk identification and engineer/architect selection.

In this work we study the modalities in the management of floods in the Salado River basin (province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) in two intervals spanning the 19th-20th and 20th-21st centuries. We focus on the formation of state agencies and review budgets. The sources are: Official Registry, memoirs and ministerial reports, messages from the governors, journal of sessions of the legislature, and newspapers. The methodology consists of a long-term comparative historical analysis. We conclude that there are several secular trends, starting with the rise of local responses and later of plans that consider watershed management; changes in the operating structure of State agencies; and the financing of works with external public debt. During the XXI century one sees the adoption of innovations concerning the evolution of technology, a more thorough appreciation of the provincial geography and the utilization of a multidisciplinary approach to the problem., Dans cet article, nous étudions les modalités de gestion des inondations dans le bassin du fleuve Salado (province de Buenos Aires, Argentine) aux XIX-XX et XX-XXI siècles. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la conformation des organismes d'État et avons examiné les budgets. Les sources sont : Registre officiel, rapports et comptes rendus ministériels, messages des gouverneurs, agenda de la session de la législature et journaux. La méthodologie consiste en une analyse comparative de l'histoire à long terme. Nous concluons qu'il existe des tendances séculaires : d'abord des réponses locales, puis des plans qui prennent en compte la gestion du bassin, les changements dans la structure de fonctionnement des agences de l'État et le financement des travaux par la dette publique extérieure. Au XXIe siècle, des innovations apparaissent dans le domaine de l'évolution technologique, une appréciation plus fine de la géographie provinciale et l'utilisation d'une approche multidisciplinaire du problème., In questo lavoro si studiano le modalità di gestione delle inondazioni nel bacino del fiume Salado (provincia di Buenos Aires, Argentina) nei secoli XIX-XX e XX-XXI. Ci siamo concentrati sulla conformazione delle organizzazioni statali e abbiamo rivisto i bilanci. Le fonti sono: Registro ufficiale, relazioni e rapporti ministeriali, messaggi dei governatori, diario della sessione legislativa e giornali. La metodologia consiste in un'analisi storica comparativa a lungo termine. Concludiamo che ci sono tendenze laiche: prima le risposte locali e poi i piani che tengono conto della gestione del bacino, dei cambiamenti nella struttura operativa degli enti statali e del finanziamento delle opere con debito pubblico esterno. Nel XXI secolo stanno emergendo innovazioni nel campo dell'evoluzione tecnologica, un più raffinato apprezzamento della geografia provinciale e l'uso di un approccio multidisciplinare al problema., Neste trabalho estudamos as modalidades de gestão das inundações na bacia do rio Salado (província de Buenos Aires, Argentina) nos séculos XIX-XX e XX-XXI. Concentramo-nos na conformação das organizações estatais e revisamos os orçamentos. As fontes são: Registro oficial, relatórios e relatórios ministeriais, mensagens dos governadores, o diário de sessões do Legislativo e jornais. A metodologia consiste em uma análise histórica comparativa de longo prazo. Concluímos que existem tendências seculares: primeiro respostas locais e depois planos que levam em conta a gestão da bacia, mudanças na estrutura operacional das agências estatais e financiamento de obras com dívida pública externa. No século XXI, estão surgindo inovações no campo da evolução tecnológica, uma apreciação mais refinada da geografia provincial e o uso de uma abordagem multidisciplinar para o problema., En este trabajo estudiamos las modalidades de gestión ante las inundaciones en la cuenca del río Salado (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) en los entresiglos XIX-XX y XX-XXI. Enfocamos la conformación de los organismos del Estado y revisamos los presupuestos. Las fuentes son: Registro Oficial, memorias e informes ministeriales, mensajes de los gobernadores, diario de sesiones de la legislatura y periódicos. La metodología consiste en un análisis de historia comparada en el largo plazo. Concluimos en que hay tendencias seculares: primero respuestas locales y luego planes que tienen en cuenta el manejo de la cuenca, cambios en la estructura de funcionamiento de las agencias del Estado y financiación de las obras con endeudamiento público externo. En el siglo XXI surgen innovaciones en el ámbito de la evolución tecnológica, una apreciación más acabada de la geografía provincial y la utilización de un enfoque multidisciplinar del problema.

In this work we study the modalities in the management of floods in the Salado River basin (province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) in two intervals spanning the 19th-20th and 20th-21st centuries. We focus on the formation of state agencies and review budgets. The sources are: Official Registry, memoirs and ministerial reports, messages from the governors, journal of sessions of the legislature, and newspapers. The methodology consists of a long-term comparative historical analysis. We conclude that there are several secular trends, starting with the rise of local responses and later of plans that consider watershed management; changes in the operating structure of State agencies; and the financing of works with external public debt. During the XXI century one sees the adoption of innovations concerning the evolution of technology, a more thorough appreciation of the provincial geography and the utilization of a multidisciplinary approach to the problem., Dans cet article, nous étudions les modalités de gestion des inondations dans le bassin du fleuve Salado (province de Buenos Aires, Argentine) aux XIX-XX et XX-XXI siècles. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la conformation des organismes d'État et avons examiné les budgets. Les sources sont : Registre officiel, rapports et comptes rendus ministériels, messages des gouverneurs, agenda de la session de la législature et journaux. La méthodologie consiste en une analyse comparative de l'histoire à long terme. Nous concluons qu'il existe des tendances séculaires : d'abord des réponses locales, puis des plans qui prennent en compte la gestion du bassin, les changements dans la structure de fonctionnement des agences de l'État et le financement des travaux par la dette publique extérieure. Au XXIe siècle, des innovations apparaissent dans le domaine de l'évolution technologique, une appréciation plus fine de la géographie provinciale et l'utilisation d'une approche multidisciplinaire du problème., In questo lavoro si studiano le modalità di gestione delle inondazioni nel bacino del fiume Salado (provincia di Buenos Aires, Argentina) nei secoli XIX-XX e XX-XXI. Ci siamo concentrati sulla conformazione delle organizzazioni statali e abbiamo rivisto i bilanci. Le fonti sono: Registro ufficiale, relazioni e rapporti ministeriali, messaggi dei governatori, diario della sessione legislativa e giornali. La metodologia consiste in un'analisi storica comparativa a lungo termine. Concludiamo che ci sono tendenze laiche: prima le risposte locali e poi i piani che tengono conto della gestione del bacino, dei cambiamenti nella struttura operativa degli enti statali e del finanziamento delle opere con debito pubblico esterno. Nel XXI secolo stanno emergendo innovazioni nel campo dell'evoluzione tecnologica, un più raffinato apprezzamento della geografia provinciale e l'uso di un approccio multidisciplinare al problema., Neste trabalho estudamos as modalidades de gestão das inundações na bacia do rio Salado (província de Buenos Aires, Argentina) nos séculos XIX-XX e XX-XXI. Concentramo-nos na conformação das organizações estatais e revisamos os orçamentos. As fontes são: Registro oficial, relatórios e relatórios ministeriais, mensagens dos governadores, o diário de sessões do Legislativo e jornais. A metodologia consiste em uma análise histórica comparativa de longo prazo. Concluímos que existem tendências seculares: primeiro respostas locais e depois planos que levam em conta a gestão da bacia, mudanças na estrutura operacional das agências estatais e financiamento de obras com dívida pública externa. No século XXI, estão surgindo inovações no campo da evolução tecnológica, uma apreciação mais refinada da geografia provincial e o uso de uma abordagem multidisciplinar para o problema., En este trabajo estudiamos las modalidades de gestión ante las inundaciones en la cuenca del río Salado (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) en los entresiglos XIX-XX y XX-XXI. Enfocamos la conformación de los organismos del Estado y revisamos los presupuestos. Las fuentes son: Registro Oficial, memorias e informes ministeriales, mensajes de los gobernadores, diario de sesiones de la legislatura y periódicos. La metodología consiste en un análisis de historia comparada en el largo plazo. Concluimos en que hay tendencias seculares: primero respuestas locales y luego planes que tienen en cuenta el manejo de la cuenca, cambios en la estructura de funcionamiento de las agencias del Estado y financiación de las obras con endeudamiento público externo. En el siglo XXI surgen innovaciones en el ámbito de la evolución tecnológica, una apreciación más acabada de la geografía provincial y la utilización de un enfoque multidisciplinar del problema.

In this work we study the modalities in the management of floods in the Salado River basin (province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) in two intervals spanning the 19th-20th and 20th-21st centuries. We focus on the formation of state agencies and review budgets. The sources are: Official Registry, memoirs and ministerial reports, messages from the governors, journal of sessions of the legislature, and newspapers. The methodology consists of a long-term comparative historical analysis. We conclude that there are several secular trends, starting with the rise of local responses and later of plans that consider watershed management; changes in the operating structure of State agencies; and the financing of works with external public debt. During the XXI century one sees the adoption of innovations concerning the evolution of technology, a more thorough appreciation of the provincial geography and the utilization of a multidisciplinary approach to the problem., Dans cet article, nous étudions les modalités de gestion des inondations dans le bassin du fleuve Salado (province de Buenos Aires, Argentine) aux XIX-XX et XX-XXI siècles. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la conformation des organismes d'État et avons examiné les budgets. Les sources sont : Registre officiel, rapports et comptes rendus ministériels, messages des gouverneurs, agenda de la session de la législature et journaux. La méthodologie consiste en une analyse comparative de l'histoire à long terme. Nous concluons qu'il existe des tendances séculaires : d'abord des réponses locales, puis des plans qui prennent en compte la gestion du bassin, les changements dans la structure de fonctionnement des agences de l'État et le financement des travaux par la dette publique extérieure. Au XXIe siècle, des innovations apparaissent dans le domaine de l'évolution technologique, une appréciation plus fine de la géographie provinciale et l'utilisation d'une approche multidisciplinaire du problème., In questo lavoro si studiano le modalità di gestione delle inondazioni nel bacino del fiume Salado (provincia di Buenos Aires, Argentina) nei secoli XIX-XX e XX-XXI. Ci siamo concentrati sulla conformazione delle organizzazioni statali e abbiamo rivisto i bilanci. Le fonti sono: Registro ufficiale, relazioni e rapporti ministeriali, messaggi dei governatori, diario della sessione legislativa e giornali. La metodologia consiste in un'analisi storica comparativa a lungo termine. Concludiamo che ci sono tendenze laiche: prima le risposte locali e poi i piani che tengono conto della gestione del bacino, dei cambiamenti nella struttura operativa degli enti statali e del finanziamento delle opere con debito pubblico esterno. Nel XXI secolo stanno emergendo innovazioni nel campo dell'evoluzione tecnologica, un più raffinato apprezzamento della geografia provinciale e l'uso di un approccio multidisciplinare al problema., Neste trabalho estudamos as modalidades de gestão das inundações na bacia do rio Salado (província de Buenos Aires, Argentina) nos séculos XIX-XX e XX-XXI. Concentramo-nos na conformação das organizações estatais e revisamos os orçamentos. As fontes são: Registro oficial, relatórios e relatórios ministeriais, mensagens dos governadores, o diário de sessões do Legislativo e jornais. A metodologia consiste em uma análise histórica comparativa de longo prazo. Concluímos que existem tendências seculares: primeiro respostas locais e depois planos que levam em conta a gestão da bacia, mudanças na estrutura operacional das agências estatais e financiamento de obras com dívida pública externa. No século XXI, estão surgindo inovações no campo da evolução tecnológica, uma apreciação mais refinada da geografia provincial e o uso de uma abordagem multidisciplinar para o problema., En este trabajo estudiamos las modalidades de gestión ante las inundaciones en la cuenca del río Salado (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) en los entresiglos XIX-XX y XX-XXI. Enfocamos la conformación de los organismos del Estado y revisamos los presupuestos. Las fuentes son: Registro Oficial, memorias e informes ministeriales, mensajes de los gobernadores, diario de sesiones de la legislatura y periódicos. La metodología consiste en un análisis de historia comparada en el largo plazo. Concluimos en que hay tendencias seculares: primero respuestas locales y luego planes que tienen en cuenta el manejo de la cuenca, cambios en la estructura de funcionamiento de las agencias del Estado y financiación de las obras con endeudamiento público externo. En el siglo XXI surgen innovaciones en el ámbito de la evolución tecnológica, una apreciación más acabada de la geografía provincial y la utilización de un enfoque multidisciplinar del problema.

In this work we study the modalities in the management of floods in the Salado River basin (province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) in two intervals spanning the 19th-20th and 20th-21st centuries. We focus on the formation of state agencies and review budgets. The sources are: Official Registry, memoirs and ministerial reports, messages from the governors, journal of sessions of the legislature, and newspapers. The methodology consists of a long-term comparative historical analysis. We conclude that there are several secular trends, starting with the rise of local responses and later of plans that consider watershed management; changes in the operating structure of State agencies; and the financing of works with external public debt. During the XXI century one sees the adoption of innovations concerning the evolution of technology, a more thorough appreciation of the provincial geography and the utilization of a multidisciplinary approach to the problem., Dans cet article, nous étudions les modalités de gestion des inondations dans le bassin du fleuve Salado (province de Buenos Aires, Argentine) aux XIX-XX et XX-XXI siècles. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la conformation des organismes d'État et avons examiné les budgets. Les sources sont : Registre officiel, rapports et comptes rendus ministériels, messages des gouverneurs, agenda de la session de la législature et journaux. La méthodologie consiste en une analyse comparative de l'histoire à long terme. Nous concluons qu'il existe des tendances séculaires : d'abord des réponses locales, puis des plans qui prennent en compte la gestion du bassin, les changements dans la structure de fonctionnement des agences de l'État et le financement des travaux par la dette publique extérieure. Au XXIe siècle, des innovations apparaissent dans le domaine de l'évolution technologique, une appréciation plus fine de la géographie provinciale et l'utilisation d'une approche multidisciplinaire du problème., In questo lavoro si studiano le modalità di gestione delle inondazioni nel bacino del fiume Salado (provincia di Buenos Aires, Argentina) nei secoli XIX-XX e XX-XXI. Ci siamo concentrati sulla conformazione delle organizzazioni statali e abbiamo rivisto i bilanci. Le fonti sono: Registro ufficiale, relazioni e rapporti ministeriali, messaggi dei governatori, diario della sessione legislativa e giornali. La metodologia consiste in un'analisi storica comparativa a lungo termine. Concludiamo che ci sono tendenze laiche: prima le risposte locali e poi i piani che tengono conto della gestione del bacino, dei cambiamenti nella struttura operativa degli enti statali e del finanziamento delle opere con debito pubblico esterno. Nel XXI secolo stanno emergendo innovazioni nel campo dell'evoluzione tecnologica, un più raffinato apprezzamento della geografia provinciale e l'uso di un approccio multidisciplinare al problema., Neste trabalho estudamos as modalidades de gestão das inundações na bacia do rio Salado (província de Buenos Aires, Argentina) nos séculos XIX-XX e XX-XXI. Concentramo-nos na conformação das organizações estatais e revisamos os orçamentos. As fontes são: Registro oficial, relatórios e relatórios ministeriais, mensagens dos governadores, o diário de sessões do Legislativo e jornais. A metodologia consiste em uma análise histórica comparativa de longo prazo. Concluímos que existem tendências seculares: primeiro respostas locais e depois planos que levam em conta a gestão da bacia, mudanças na estrutura operacional das agências estatais e financiamento de obras com dívida pública externa. No século XXI, estão surgindo inovações no campo da evolução tecnológica, uma apreciação mais refinada da geografia provincial e o uso de uma abordagem multidisciplinar para o problema., En este trabajo estudiamos las modalidades de gestión ante las inundaciones en la cuenca del río Salado (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) en los entresiglos XIX-XX y XX-XXI. Enfocamos la conformación de los organismos del Estado y revisamos los presupuestos. Las fuentes son: Registro Oficial, memorias e informes ministeriales, mensajes de los gobernadores, diario de sesiones de la legislatura y periódicos. La metodología consiste en un análisis de historia comparada en el largo plazo. Concluimos en que hay tendencias seculares: primero respuestas locales y luego planes que tienen en cuenta el manejo de la cuenca, cambios en la estructura de funcionamiento de las agencias del Estado y financiación de las obras con endeudamiento público externo. En el siglo XXI surgen innovaciones en el ámbito de la evolución tecnológica, una apreciación más acabada de la geografía provincial y la utilización de un enfoque multidisciplinar del problema.

In this work we study the modalities in the management of floods in the Salado River basin (province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) in two intervals spanning the 19th-20th and 20th-21st centuries. We focus on the formation of state agencies and review budgets. The sources are: Official Registry, memoirs and ministerial reports, messages from the governors, journal of sessions of the legislature, and newspapers. The methodology consists of a long-term comparative historical analysis. We conclude that there are several secular trends, starting with the rise of local responses and later of plans that consider watershed management; changes in the operating structure of State agencies; and the financing of works with external public debt. During the XXI century one sees the adoption of innovations concerning the evolution of technology, a more thorough appreciation of the provincial geography and the utilization of a multidisciplinary approach to the problem., Dans cet article, nous étudions les modalités de gestion des inondations dans le bassin du fleuve Salado (province de Buenos Aires, Argentine) aux XIX-XX et XX-XXI siècles. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la conformation des organismes d'État et avons examiné les budgets. Les sources sont : Registre officiel, rapports et comptes rendus ministériels, messages des gouverneurs, agenda de la session de la législature et journaux. La méthodologie consiste en une analyse comparative de l'histoire à long terme. Nous concluons qu'il existe des tendances séculaires : d'abord des réponses locales, puis des plans qui prennent en compte la gestion du bassin, les changements dans la structure de fonctionnement des agences de l'État et le financement des travaux par la dette publique extérieure. Au XXIe siècle, des innovations apparaissent dans le domaine de l'évolution technologique, une appréciation plus fine de la géographie provinciale et l'utilisation d'une approche multidisciplinaire du problème., In questo lavoro si studiano le modalità di gestione delle inondazioni nel bacino del fiume Salado (provincia di Buenos Aires, Argentina) nei secoli XIX-XX e XX-XXI. Ci siamo concentrati sulla conformazione delle organizzazioni statali e abbiamo rivisto i bilanci. Le fonti sono: Registro ufficiale, relazioni e rapporti ministeriali, messaggi dei governatori, diario della sessione legislativa e giornali. La metodologia consiste in un'analisi storica comparativa a lungo termine. Concludiamo che ci sono tendenze laiche: prima le risposte locali e poi i piani che tengono conto della gestione del bacino, dei cambiamenti nella struttura operativa degli enti statali e del finanziamento delle opere con debito pubblico esterno. Nel XXI secolo stanno emergendo innovazioni nel campo dell'evoluzione tecnologica, un più raffinato apprezzamento della geografia provinciale e l'uso di un approccio multidisciplinare al problema., Neste trabalho estudamos as modalidades de gestão das inundações na bacia do rio Salado (província de Buenos Aires, Argentina) nos séculos XIX-XX e XX-XXI. Concentramo-nos na conformação das organizações estatais e revisamos os orçamentos. As fontes são: Registro oficial, relatórios e relatórios ministeriais, mensagens dos governadores, o diário de sessões do Legislativo e jornais. A metodologia consiste em uma análise histórica comparativa de longo prazo. Concluímos que existem tendências seculares: primeiro respostas locais e depois planos que levam em conta a gestão da bacia, mudanças na estrutura operacional das agências estatais e financiamento de obras com dívida pública externa. No século XXI, estão surgindo inovações no campo da evolução tecnológica, uma apreciação mais refinada da geografia provincial e o uso de uma abordagem multidisciplinar para o problema., En este trabajo estudiamos las modalidades de gestión ante las inundaciones en la cuenca del río Salado (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) en los entresiglos XIX-XX y XX-XXI. Enfocamos la conformación de los organismos del Estado y revisamos los presupuestos. Las fuentes son: Registro Oficial, memorias e informes ministeriales, mensajes de los gobernadores, diario de sesiones de la legislatura y periódicos. La metodología consiste en un análisis de historia comparada en el largo plazo. Concluimos en que hay tendencias seculares: primero respuestas locales y luego planes que tienen en cuenta el manejo de la cuenca, cambios en la estructura de funcionamiento de las agencias del Estado y financiación de las obras con endeudamiento público externo. En el siglo XXI surgen innovaciones en el ámbito de la evolución tecnológica, una apreciación más acabada de la geografía provincial y la utilización de un enfoque multidisciplinar del problema.

Cable and hose routing is a complex and time-consuming process that often involves several conflicting objectives. Complexity increases further when routes of multiple components are to be considered through the same space. Extensive work has been done in the area of automatic routing where few proposals optimize multiple hoses together. This paper proposes a framework for the routing of multiple pre-formed hoses in an assembly using a unique permutation process where several alternatives for each hose are generated. A combinatorial optimization process is then used to find Pareto-optimal solutions for the multi-route assembly. This is coupled with a scoring model that predicts the overall fitness of a solution based on designs previously scored by the engineer as well as an evaluation system where the engineer can score new designs found through the use of the framework to update the scoring model. The framework is evaluated using a testcase from a car manufacturer showing a severalfold time reduction compared to a strictly manual process. Considering the time savings, the proposed framework has the potential to greatly reduce the overall routing processes of hoses and cables., Funding agencies: This work has been financed by Vinnova and by governmentand industry cooperation on vehicles of the future, within the research project AUTOPACK 2017-03065

The necessity for a cohesive onboarding process in multinational, midsize companies has become increasingly apparent as globalization and professionalization makes requests for key talents more demanding. This study has focused on how national, and organizational culture affect the onboarding process, and how it can be adapted to increase cohesiveness on a multinational level, with respect to technology-oriented professions. Twelve qualitative interviews have been conducted with the Human Resources and the Product & Innovation department in Stockholm, Sweden, and Shenzhen, China. Complementary observations, as well as a document study has been implemented to identify the organizational culture. The data has then been analyzed using thematic analysis. Results show that there is a significant difference in organizational culture between the two offices due to differences in national culture, leadership styles, and differences in hierarchical tendencies in the organizational structure and communication lines. Furthermore, results show that technology oriented employees value product, and process-orientation more than their peers. Consequently, the onboarding process differs between the two offices in both practice and result. It is necessary to identify the connection between leadership and culture, as well as survey the perceived dissonance in hierarchy between offices in regard to structure and communication.

Purpose: This research/investigation indorses a very good and systematized risk management method throughout planning stage of the project and with the contribution of construction specialists, end users and engineers. Methodology: The exploration project utilized quantitative examination plan. The examination study was both expressive and illustrative. The examination study was enlightening as it attempts to reaction the topic of what hazard the executives practices ought to be remembered for development projects arranging stage. Findings: The research study has successfully achieved its objective to identify the impact of risk identification, engineer/architect selection. All four hypotheses were accepted indicating; all the independent variables were positively related to project performance. There is strong positive relation between risk identification, engineer/architect selection and Project performance. There is a weak positive relation between sit selection, preliminary schedule and budget & Project performance. Implications: The researcher recommends the construction professional to focus on two major things during project planning which has greater impact over project performance, risk identification and engineer/architect selection.

Purpose: This research/investigation indorses a very good and systematized risk management method throughout planning stage of the project and with the contribution of construction specialists, end users and engineers. Methodology: The exploration project utilized quantitative examination plan. The examination study was both expressive and illustrative. The examination study was enlightening as it attempts to reaction the topic of what hazard the executives practices ought to be remembered for development projects arranging stage. Findings: The research study has successfully achieved its objective to identify the impact of risk identification, engineer/architect selection. All four hypotheses were accepted indicating; all the independent variables were positively related to project performance. There is strong positive relation between risk identification, engineer/architect selection and Project performance. There is a weak positive relation between sit selection, preliminary schedule and budget & Project performance. Implications: The researcher recommends the construction professional to focus on two major things during project planning which has greater impact over project performance, risk identification and engineer/architect selection.

This article challenges the assumption that the early modern engineer acted as a reliable agent for colonial authorities. Far from acting as trusted mediators between colony and metropole, experts could exacerbate tensions. The English East India Company knew this, and avoided engineers throughout its early history. This article considers the interplay between authorities in London and their subordinates in Bombay. The company's directors saw engineers as untrustworthy agents who increased expenditure and disrupted the company's system of consultative governance. For much of its early modern history, the company's fortifications and built environments relied on a knowledge network of informal expertise. Examining these experts-in-context reveals how expertise was managed and built environments maintained in colonial settings. When the company did turn to experts in the mid-eighteenth century, it struggled to utilise and incorporate them. This demonstrates that in some colonial contexts experts could be profoundly disruptive.