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"Paper articles burned at grave for use of the deceased in the next world." A fire is consunming the various paper artifacts that are offerings for the dead woman's spirit.; From a series of photographs documenting a Buddhist funeral.

"Paper fiber" A man is carrying a large bundle of paper fiber on his shoulder.

"Paper articles to burn at grave." Many elaborately made items of paper, including a man on a horse, banners, and gifts, piled together. They will later be burned at a grave site, as an offering for the deceased.; From a series of photographs documenting a Buddhist funeral.

"Paper fiber 'cakes'" Two women are making round disks (perhaps for seating?) out of paper fiber in a shop. A pile of completed disks is in the background

"Preparing for procession to the grave." Children are milling around the street. To the left, several paper figures carrying flags are visible.; From a series of photographs documenting a Buddhist funeral.

"A paper dragon leading the funeral coffin gaily decorated. Carried by coolies through the street."; From the lantern slide show of Rolland and Lottie Welch, who served under the United Evangelical Mission / Evangelical church in Hunan, China, from 1917 to 1923.

Bridge Foochow -- Ship loaded with [paper figures representing spirits] to be sent out to sea

Dr. Augustine Washington Tucker is reading some papers at his desk in St. Luke's Hospital in Shanghai.; This photo is from the papers of Elizabeth H. Falck, a member of the American Church Mission (ACM) in Shanghai, China (ca. 1923-1929).

A commercial truck has been converted into a makeshift ambulance. Four patients are lying in the open cargo space in the back of the vehicle. The ambulance crew are standing on the side walk.; This photo is from the papers of Elizabeth H. Falck who was a member of the American Church Mission (ACM) in Shanghai, China (ca. 1923-1929). Her papers include many writings and photographs relating to hospitals in China.

Dr. H. H. Morris examines the abdomen of a Chinese patient at St. Luke's Hospital in Shanghai.; This photo is from the papers of Elizabeth H. Falck who was a member of the American Church Mission (ACM) in Shanghai, China (ca. 1923-1929). Her papers include many writings and photographs relating to hospitals in China.

Black and white lantern slide of a smiling boy seated at a table. He holds a writing brush in his right hand and holds a piece of paper under his left hand. Also on the table are a book and a religious statue. Stacked on the cabinet behind him are additional papers and books.

Black and white lantern slide of a boy seated at a table writing. He holds a writing brush in his right hand and a piece of paper under his left hand. Also on the table are a book and a religious statue. Stacked on the cabinet behind him are additional papers and books.

A group of Chinese medical students pose together in front of a table with a microscope. This particular group of students were specializing in bacteriology. The photograph was taken in during the spring semester of 1930.; This photo is from the papers of Elizabeth H. Falck who was a member of the American Church Mission (ACM) in Shanghai, China (ca. 1923-1929). Her papers include many writings and photographs relating to hospitals in China.

Dr. Ellen C. Fuller, a physician at St. Elizabeth's Refugee Hospital in Shanghai, stands on a staircase running her finger around the rim of a bowl.; This photo is from the papers of Elizabeth H. Falck who was a member of the American Church Mission (ACM) in Shanghai, China (ca. 1923-1929). Her papers include many writings and photographs relating to hospitals in China.

Photograph of a group of children in a classroom, seated at their desks. They are all working on folded materials, some with paper. A few of the children have paper angels standing on the tops of their desks. Maryknoll Sister is in the rear helping a student at her desk.

Photograph of Maryknoll Sister teaching several young children how to make paper churches and clay altars. Sister is bent over the table and the children look on. There are lots of final products and many pairs of scissors and paper pieces on the work surface.

"'WHITE DEER SUMMIT (Behludin) 1940' Seminar for the Study of Jesus. Three weeks, 3 ½ hours every morning of concentrated group discussion, by 25 teachers of Religious Education and university faculty and students. Membership included MEM District Supt. Daniel Lee (PhD Drew), Luther Shao, PhD Yale, Nat'l Xn Council Dir, of Religious Ed., Rev Peter Shih, Dean of Union Theol. Coll. In Chengtu, Mr Dsang, Dir. Of Religious Activities UU. In 1940 the Jesus Study Groups bought for these summer seminars for university staffs and students: 2 large bungalows & site at Behludin; site, & erected Lodge at Omei; site, & are erecting Lodge at Lung Ch'uan Ih, 4 hrs. from UU campus. Thus on 3 mountaintops not far from UU campus, 6 seminars will be conducted every summer for faculty & students respectively. Leader of Behludin 1940: Prof Djou of UU Dept. of Mathematics." Three men and three women, all Chinese, in mixed Western and Chinese clothing,sit with books and papers in their laps on a bench on a covered porch.

"Laboratory - Biology, WCUU." Male and female Chinese students, most in Chinese dress, studying at tables covered with books and papers or looking into the glass display cases at left.

"In the laboratory office, West China Hospital." A uniformed nurse sits at a desk writing. Behind her is a bulletin board with the title "Pediatric Ward" and the numbers 1 through 40; small paper tags are pinned beneath a few of the numbers.

"Frame 26 - Old ladies coming for de-lousing, which involved a bath, the sterilization of padded garments and a change to a suit of new clothes. In all these pictures note the expressions of the stubborn will to hang onto life, even under these most adverse conditions." An older woman wearing warm clothing holds a paper in one hand and a cane in the other. A younger Chinese woman in Western dress is holding out her hand to the older woman.

"Frame 14 - The Saturday noon clinic, at which a patient of particular interest is presented. The patient, in this case a woman, sits on the platform; the fourth year student stands, presenting his clinical data on the blackboard and the X-rays in the view box." The professor stands at the front of the class, wearing a white lab coat. The chalk boards are covered in writing, there are x-rays visible on a lighted box, and diagrams on paper and a model of the human body also decorate the room. A large group of students are in the class.

"Frame 12 - The Medical School has given hospitality to the Translation Bureau of the Chinese Medical Association, which serves all parts of China. (Of course, you will recall that China has a uniform written language, so that the difficulties of the spoken dialects of the various provinces do not bother those who read.) Standard textbooks from the English medical literature are translated into Chinese and are used in many medical schools. Here we see the Chinese man who heads up this work; several Chinese and Western members of Staff share in the responsibility of translation." A Chinese man wearing glasses and sitting at a desk to do paperwork. The desk and shelves around him are filled with papers and books.

"Dr. H. H. Kung, chancellor '37-'46, Yenching" Sits at a desk with a binder, papers, etc.; Yenching University was later known as Yanjing da xue.

Joint graduation of University of Nanking, West China Union University, Cheeloo University, and Ginling College. Speakers on the stage, with a backdrop of plants against a white-painted brick wall; more plants along the edge of the stage. Graduates are partly visible in front. Speakers, from left: a man in Chinese dress; a Western man in a suit; a woman in Chinese dress; a Western man in clerical vestments; a Chinese man in a suit; another man in Chinese dress. They are speaking or singing from papers held in the hands.

"Snapshots showing daily life of investigators of Cheeloo Graduate Division of Parasitology during hookworm study expeditions in West China" "An assistant distributing feces-containers to a group of farmers for examination of intestinal parasites." A man is hanging out what appear to be pieces of paper to the people around him. They are all standing in front of a shop.

"UCMS China Mission, Left to right, Front row: 1. Mrs. Oswald Goulter, 2. Miss Wenona Wilkinson, 3. Miss Lois Anna Ely, 4. Mr. George Cherryhomes, 5. Searl Bates, 6. Miss Teagarten, 7. ?, 8. Mrs. Douglas Corpron, Second row: 1. Mr. Clifford Plopper, 2. Mrs. Clifford Plopper, 3. Dr. G.L. Hagman, 4. Mrs. G.L. Hagman, 5. Mrs. Edwin Marx, 6. Mr. Edwin Marx, 7. Dr. Douglas Corpron, Back row: 1. Mrs. Lewis Smythe, 2. Mr. Lewis Smythe, 3. Mrs. James McCallum, 4. Mr. James McCallum, 5. Clarence Burck, 6. Mr. Clarence Burck."; This photograph is from the papers of Frank and Verna Garrett who served under the United Christian Missionary Society in the Nanjing area from 1896 to 1932.

"Chinese farm-land." This is a topographical view of Chinese farmland with mountains in the background.; This photograph is from the papers of Frank and Verna Garrett who served under the United Christian Missionary Society in the Nanjing area from 1896 to 1932.

"Chapel at Haichow [now Haizhou], China" Two men in Chinese dress are standing in front of building that has carved wooden panels. On the back of the photo a note reads:"The front view of our Men's Chapel. It looks neater and cleaner in th epicure than it ever does in real life. The upper parts of the doors are backed with paper which the wind breaks - the lower part has glass which is impossible to clean except for removing each pane."; Lorenzo and Ruth Bennett Morgan were American medical missionaries in the Jiangsu and Anhui provinces of China, serving under the Presbyterian and Methodist mission boards from 1905 to 1946.

"A summer sedan chair, the kind we used to go up the mountain to Mokanshan, the summer resort to which Uncle Fred and his family and the missionaries of his area used to go for summer vacation." Two men are carrying a person in a shaded sedan chair.; Captions for this set of lantern slides from the papers of Oliver and Jennie Logan, American Presbyterian missionaries in Hunan, were provided by their daughter Elsa.

"Conference 1939" A large group of Chinese men and boys pose for a group portrait outdoors. A western-style building is visible in the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Nine of the faculty members are Chinese, three of them are Western. The names of the faculty members are written on the photograph: " P. Goetz, Mr. and Mrs. H. Worley, Ling Buo Qi, Ling Jin Cu, Tong Nguk Ming, Samson Ding, and Li Ngung Luk."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A close-up photograph of a Chinese boatman standing at the stern of his boat. He is holding the rudder in one hand and a rope in the other. He is smiling heartily. Written on the back of this photograph: "A happy boat man holding the rudder as they pull up the rapids. Ing Hok [Ing Tai]."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Two Western women stand in the middle of a group of Chinese. Two Chinese women stand by the Westerners. The rest of the people present are men. One man at the far right is wearing a uniform. There is Chinese writing across the upper border of the photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The basketball players are seated in the front of a large group of students and teachers. Two of the athletes are holding early basketballs. The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith is seated eighth in from the left in the third row from the front. His wife, Grace W. Thomas Smith , is seated second in from the left in the same row. The photograph was taken in front of George True Memorial Hall. Chinese writing adorns the top border of this photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A distant view of a few roads cutting through the mountains at Ing Tai. Written on the back of this photograph: "[illegible]. The road in front of [illegible] from the pass looks [illegible] on these mts. winding down into Nguok Cien Valley. A temple on the highest peak is called "The Rest for Spirits". Hundreds of villagers nestle among these valleys. Part way down this hill [illegible] come to [illegible] 3. Ned."; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A group of nine young Chinese men pose together for a group photo. Half of the men are seated while the other half stands behind them. They are all wearing identical white Chinese outfits. One of the boys is holding a book. Three of them are wearing glasses. A number was written on each of the men on the face of this photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Four missionaries pose for a group photograph with some Chinese men. They are all standing around a large boulder. Some of the Chinese men are wearing western suits, while others are wearing traditional Chinese garb.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

"Student band Ing tai 1937" Several adolescent Chinese boys are lined up in an outdoor setting. They are all wearing uniforms.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith and his wife, Grace W. Thomas Smith, sit side by side in the front row of this group portrait with a large number Chinese and a few other missionaries. There is Chinese writing along the top of the photograph.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

"Ing Tai delegates to Centennial at Foochow"[Fuzhou] The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith is seated eighth in from the right in the front row. Aside from three other Westerners in the front row, nearly the entire delegation is Chinese. Some of the Chinese delegates are in traditional garb while others are wearing Western clothing. The names of a few of the Chinese delegates are written on the border of the photograph: Hing Ek Tang, PhD, Pastor Ling (88 years old), and two others that are illegible.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A distant view of three Chinese sampans sailing down a river. Terraced fields are set into the hillside on the riverbank.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

Emma Rose Hubbard Martin, sister of missionary Hugh Hubbard, is seated in a chair outdoors. She smiles while observing a piece of clothing.; This photo is from the papers of Emery Ward Ellis, a missionary serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Tehchow, Shantung from 1904-1927.

A class portrait of the Chinese students and their Western faculty at the Union Theological School. The Congregational, Episcopal, and Methodist churches are all represented. Sixth in from the left hand side of the second row from the front is the Rev. Lyman Peet. (Several of the students are marked with the initials I. H. This may stand for Ing Hok [Ing Tai]. This in turn possibly indicates that these students were congregants of the Rev. E. H. Smith's church at Ing Tai.); This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A crucifix on an altar is positioned in a corner of the building. Two religious paintings hang on opposite walls. A few banners with Chinese writing flank the two paintings. On the back of this photograph the word "Anniversary" is written.; This photo is from the papers of Emery Ward Ellis, a missionary serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Tehchow, Shantung from 1904-1927.

The American missionary compound at Ing Tai can be seen on a hill top surrounded by a stone wall. A small Chinese town lays at the foot of the hill in front of a river. Mountains dominate the background.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family, missionaries serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

"Kushan Monastery Monks" The monks are all wearing traditional robes. A few young children are among them.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A family of portrait of the Rev. Emery Ward Ellis, his wife, and their infant son.; This photo is from the papers of Emery Ward Ellis, a missionary serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Tehchow, Shantung from 1904-1927.

A group photograph of a Chinese church group gathered outside the church at the American Mission at Ing Tai. The Rev. Edward Huntington Smith stands to the left, third row in from the front, with his hand on the shoulder of one of his congregants. All of the members of this church group appear to be male.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

The complex is composed of a large number of Chinese buildings, a fence, and exquisitely manicured grounds.; This photo is from the papers of the Edward Huntington Smith family. The Smiths were a family of missionaries serving under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in China, 1901-1950, primarily in Ing Tai and Foochow [Fuzhou].

A large group of missionaries gather with their families for a group portrait on the porch of a brick building.; This photo is from the papers of Emery Ward Ellis, a missionary serving the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Tehchow, Shantung from 1904-1927.