Search

[ES] En este trabajo, se aborda el problema de la detección de expresiones matemáticas en artículos científicos. Primero, se da una breve introducción al problema de la detección de objetos general, junto a las técnicas y métodos de evaluación más actuales. Luego, se presentan dos modelos del estado del arte (YOLO y SSD), y se realiza un estudio comparativo en el que se analizan los problemas encontrados cuando estos son aplicados a la detección de expresiones matemáticas. Finalmente, el trabajo termina con una discusión sobre cómo abordar estos problemas en modelos futuros y se ahonda en la posibilidad de derivar este trabajo hacia el problema del reconocimiento de expresiones matemáticas., [EN] In this work, we address the problem of detecting mathematical expressions in scientific papers. First, a brief introduction to the problem of general-object detection is given, along with state-of-the-art techniques and evaluation methods. Then, two state-of-the-art models (YOLO and SSD) are presented, and a comparative study is carried out where we analyze the problems and weaknesses found when they are applied to this specific task. Finally, the work ends with a discussion on how to tackle these problems in future models and the possibility of deriving this work towards the mathematical expression recognition problem.

[ES] En este trabajo, se aborda el problema de la detección de expresiones matemáticas en artículos científicos. Primero, se da una breve introducción al problema de la detección de objetos general, junto a las técnicas y métodos de evaluación más actuales. Luego, se presentan dos modelos del estado del arte (YOLO y SSD), y se realiza un estudio comparativo en el que se analizan los problemas encontrados cuando estos son aplicados a la detección de expresiones matemáticas. Finalmente, el trabajo termina con una discusión sobre cómo abordar estos problemas en modelos futuros y se ahonda en la posibilidad de derivar este trabajo hacia el problema del reconocimiento de expresiones matemáticas., [EN] In this work, we address the problem of detecting mathematical expressions in scientific papers. First, a brief introduction to the problem of general-object detection is given, along with state-of-the-art techniques and evaluation methods. Then, two state-of-the-art models (YOLO and SSD) are presented, and a comparative study is carried out where we analyze the problems and weaknesses found when they are applied to this specific task. Finally, the work ends with a discussion on how to tackle these problems in future models and the possibility of deriving this work towards the mathematical expression recognition problem.

[ES] En este trabajo, se aborda el problema de la detección de expresiones matemáticas en artículos científicos. Primero, se da una breve introducción al problema de la detección de objetos general, junto a las técnicas y métodos de evaluación más actuales. Luego, se presentan dos modelos del estado del arte (YOLO y SSD), y se realiza un estudio comparativo en el que se analizan los problemas encontrados cuando estos son aplicados a la detección de expresiones matemáticas. Finalmente, el trabajo termina con una discusión sobre cómo abordar estos problemas en modelos futuros y se ahonda en la posibilidad de derivar este trabajo hacia el problema del reconocimiento de expresiones matemáticas., [EN] In this work, we address the problem of detecting mathematical expressions in scientific papers. First, a brief introduction to the problem of general-object detection is given, along with state-of-the-art techniques and evaluation methods. Then, two state-of-the-art models (YOLO and SSD) are presented, and a comparative study is carried out where we analyze the problems and weaknesses found when they are applied to this specific task. Finally, the work ends with a discussion on how to tackle these problems in future models and the possibility of deriving this work towards the mathematical expression recognition problem.

[ES] En este trabajo, se aborda el problema de la detección de expresiones matemáticas en artículos científicos. Primero, se da una breve introducción al problema de la detección de objetos general, junto a las técnicas y métodos de evaluación más actuales. Luego, se presentan dos modelos del estado del arte (YOLO y SSD), y se realiza un estudio comparativo en el que se analizan los problemas encontrados cuando estos son aplicados a la detección de expresiones matemáticas. Finalmente, el trabajo termina con una discusión sobre cómo abordar estos problemas en modelos futuros y se ahonda en la posibilidad de derivar este trabajo hacia el problema del reconocimiento de expresiones matemáticas., [EN] In this work, we address the problem of detecting mathematical expressions in scientific papers. First, a brief introduction to the problem of general-object detection is given, along with state-of-the-art techniques and evaluation methods. Then, two state-of-the-art models (YOLO and SSD) are presented, and a comparative study is carried out where we analyze the problems and weaknesses found when they are applied to this specific task. Finally, the work ends with a discussion on how to tackle these problems in future models and the possibility of deriving this work towards the mathematical expression recognition problem.

[EN] In the framework of new active teaching-learning methodologies, having recovered student's centrality in this process and adopting teacher's guidance task, evaluation formula becomes an essential element: it is essential to assess adequately that student acquires competences and knowledge linked to specific subject. Leaving aside old formulas that based student´s evaluation exclusively on a final exam, an experience of teaching innovation developed in a subject of Law Degree, in the first semester of 2017/2018 academic year, is described: 5 one minute paper have been combined with one final test, using a formative and summative evaluation formula., [ES] En el marco de las nuevas metodologías activas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, habiendo recuperado el estudiante la centralidad que le corresponde en este proceso y adoptando el docente la labor de guía, deviene elemento esencial la fórmula de evaluación: es imprescindible tasar adecuadamente que el alumnado adquiere las competencias y conocimientos vinculados a la asignatura concreta. Prescindiendo de formulas antiguas que basaban la evaluación exclusivamente en un examen final, se presenta la experiencia de innovación docente desarrollada en el primer cuatrimestre del curso 2017/2018 en una asignatura del Grado en Derecho: se han combinado 5 “one minute paper” con una prueba final, utilizando una fórmula de evaluación formativa y sumativa.

[EN] In the framework of new active teaching-learning methodologies, having recovered student's centrality in this process and adopting teacher's guidance task, evaluation formula becomes an essential element: it is essential to assess adequately that student acquires competences and knowledge linked to specific subject. Leaving aside old formulas that based student´s evaluation exclusively on a final exam, an experience of teaching innovation developed in a subject of Law Degree, in the first semester of 2017/2018 academic year, is described: 5 one minute paper have been combined with one final test, using a formative and summative evaluation formula., [ES] En el marco de las nuevas metodologías activas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, habiendo recuperado el estudiante la centralidad que le corresponde en este proceso y adoptando el docente la labor de guía, deviene elemento esencial la fórmula de evaluación: es imprescindible tasar adecuadamente que el alumnado adquiere las competencias y conocimientos vinculados a la asignatura concreta. Prescindiendo de formulas antiguas que basaban la evaluación exclusivamente en un examen final, se presenta la experiencia de innovación docente desarrollada en el primer cuatrimestre del curso 2017/2018 en una asignatura del Grado en Derecho: se han combinado 5 “one minute paper” con una prueba final, utilizando una fórmula de evaluación formativa y sumativa.

[EN] In the framework of new active teaching-learning methodologies, having recovered student's centrality in this process and adopting teacher's guidance task, evaluation formula becomes an essential element: it is essential to assess adequately that student acquires competences and knowledge linked to specific subject. Leaving aside old formulas that based student´s evaluation exclusively on a final exam, an experience of teaching innovation developed in a subject of Law Degree, in the first semester of 2017/2018 academic year, is described: 5 one minute paper have been combined with one final test, using a formative and summative evaluation formula., [ES] En el marco de las nuevas metodologías activas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, habiendo recuperado el estudiante la centralidad que le corresponde en este proceso y adoptando el docente la labor de guía, deviene elemento esencial la fórmula de evaluación: es imprescindible tasar adecuadamente que el alumnado adquiere las competencias y conocimientos vinculados a la asignatura concreta. Prescindiendo de formulas antiguas que basaban la evaluación exclusivamente en un examen final, se presenta la experiencia de innovación docente desarrollada en el primer cuatrimestre del curso 2017/2018 en una asignatura del Grado en Derecho: se han combinado 5 “one minute paper” con una prueba final, utilizando una fórmula de evaluación formativa y sumativa.

[EN] In the framework of new active teaching-learning methodologies, having recovered student's centrality in this process and adopting teacher's guidance task, evaluation formula becomes an essential element: it is essential to assess adequately that student acquires competences and knowledge linked to specific subject. Leaving aside old formulas that based student´s evaluation exclusively on a final exam, an experience of teaching innovation developed in a subject of Law Degree, in the first semester of 2017/2018 academic year, is described: 5 one minute paper have been combined with one final test, using a formative and summative evaluation formula., [ES] En el marco de las nuevas metodologías activas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, habiendo recuperado el estudiante la centralidad que le corresponde en este proceso y adoptando el docente la labor de guía, deviene elemento esencial la fórmula de evaluación: es imprescindible tasar adecuadamente que el alumnado adquiere las competencias y conocimientos vinculados a la asignatura concreta. Prescindiendo de formulas antiguas que basaban la evaluación exclusivamente en un examen final, se presenta la experiencia de innovación docente desarrollada en el primer cuatrimestre del curso 2017/2018 en una asignatura del Grado en Derecho: se han combinado 5 “one minute paper” con una prueba final, utilizando una fórmula de evaluación formativa y sumativa.

[EN] This work protocol form part of a three-phase publication (Marin-Garcia, 2019). Its objective is to establish a work procedure to answer these questions: 1) in which journals have articles about Operations Management with Partial Least Squares (PLS) been published?; 2) Do the results of previous reviews on this topic still prevail based on the very limited set of journals that it have been conducted (and before substantial modifications were made to report methods of PLS-based studies)?; 3) Do recent articles fulfil report recommendations; 4) What kind of measurement model has been considered for the constructs most frequently used in the selected articles?; 5) What are the usual R2 values in the cross-sectional studies represented in the selected articles?; 6) Within what statistical power range do the relations analysed with PLS fall?The article summarises current recommendations to select the analysis procedures and to report the research works that have used structural equations with PLS. We believe that this is an excellent contribution for researchers because it helps to improve the analyses and reports that derive from using PLS to, thus, increase the probabilities of them being accepted in relevant journals.Another contribution made by the present work, apart from establishing the aforementioned protocol, is to provide a list of the recent articles about operations management that have used PLS and the coding procedure to conduct our systematic review (to be subsequently published)., [ES] Este protocolo de trabajo se enmarca en el contexto de la publicación en tres fases (Marin-Garcia, 2019). Tiene como objetivo establecer el procedimiento de trabajo para responder a las siguientes preguntas: 1) ¿en qué revistas han publicado entre 2014 y 2018 artículos de Dirección de Operaciones analizados con Partial Least Squares (PLS)?; 2) ¿Siguen vigentes los resultados de las revisiones anteriores sobre el tema, basadas en un conjunto muy limitado de revistas y realizadas antes de las modificaciones sustanciales en los métodos de reporte de estudios basados en PLS?; 3)¿Cumplen los artículos recientes con las recomendaciones de reporte?; 4) ¿Qué tipo de modelo de medida se ha considerado para los constructos más frecuentes en los artículos seleccionados?; 5)¿Qué valores de R2 son habituales en los estudios de campo transversales representados en los artículos seleccionados?; 6) ¿En qué rango de potencia estadística (statistical power)se han situado las relaciones analizadas con PLS? El artículo resume las recomendaciones actuales para seleccionar los procedimientos de análisis y hacer el reporte de las investigaciones que utilizan ecuaciones estructurales con PLS. Consideramos que ello supone una gran contribución para los investigadores, pues ayuda a mejorar los análisis y reportes derivados del empleo de PLS y, con ello, aumentar las probabilidades de aceptación en revistas relevantes.Otra contribución del presente trabajo, además de establecer el protocolo mencionado,es presentar una lista de los artículos recientes de Dirección de Operaciones que han usado PLS y el procedimiento de codificación para realizar nuestra revisión sistemática(que se publicará más adelante).

[EN] This work protocol form part of a three-phase publication (Marin-Garcia, 2019). Its objective is to establish a work procedure to answer these questions: 1) in which journals have articles about Operations Management with Partial Least Squares (PLS) been published?; 2) Do the results of previous reviews on this topic still prevail based on the very limited set of journals that it have been conducted (and before substantial modifications were made to report methods of PLS-based studies)?; 3) Do recent articles fulfil report recommendations; 4) What kind of measurement model has been considered for the constructs most frequently used in the selected articles?; 5) What are the usual R2 values in the cross-sectional studies represented in the selected articles?; 6) Within what statistical power range do the relations analysed with PLS fall?The article summarises current recommendations to select the analysis procedures and to report the research works that have used structural equations with PLS. We believe that this is an excellent contribution for researchers because it helps to improve the analyses and reports that derive from using PLS to, thus, increase the probabilities of them being accepted in relevant journals.Another contribution made by the present work, apart from establishing the aforementioned protocol, is to provide a list of the recent articles about operations management that have used PLS and the coding procedure to conduct our systematic review (to be subsequently published)., [ES] Este protocolo de trabajo se enmarca en el contexto de la publicación en tres fases (Marin-Garcia, 2019). Tiene como objetivo establecer el procedimiento de trabajo para responder a las siguientes preguntas: 1) ¿en qué revistas han publicado entre 2014 y 2018 artículos de Dirección de Operaciones analizados con Partial Least Squares (PLS)?; 2) ¿Siguen vigentes los resultados de las revisiones anteriores sobre el tema, basadas en un conjunto muy limitado de revistas y realizadas antes de las modificaciones sustanciales en los métodos de reporte de estudios basados en PLS?; 3)¿Cumplen los artículos recientes con las recomendaciones de reporte?; 4) ¿Qué tipo de modelo de medida se ha considerado para los constructos más frecuentes en los artículos seleccionados?; 5)¿Qué valores de R2 son habituales en los estudios de campo transversales representados en los artículos seleccionados?; 6) ¿En qué rango de potencia estadística (statistical power)se han situado las relaciones analizadas con PLS? El artículo resume las recomendaciones actuales para seleccionar los procedimientos de análisis y hacer el reporte de las investigaciones que utilizan ecuaciones estructurales con PLS. Consideramos que ello supone una gran contribución para los investigadores, pues ayuda a mejorar los análisis y reportes derivados del empleo de PLS y, con ello, aumentar las probabilidades de aceptación en revistas relevantes.Otra contribución del presente trabajo, además de establecer el protocolo mencionado,es presentar una lista de los artículos recientes de Dirección de Operaciones que han usado PLS y el procedimiento de codificación para realizar nuestra revisión sistemática(que se publicará más adelante).

[EN] This work protocol form part of a three-phase publication (Marin-Garcia, 2019). Its objective is to establish a work procedure to answer these questions: 1) in which journals have articles about Operations Management with Partial Least Squares (PLS) been published?; 2) Do the results of previous reviews on this topic still prevail based on the very limited set of journals that it have been conducted (and before substantial modifications were made to report methods of PLS-based studies)?; 3) Do recent articles fulfil report recommendations; 4) What kind of measurement model has been considered for the constructs most frequently used in the selected articles?; 5) What are the usual R2 values in the cross-sectional studies represented in the selected articles?; 6) Within what statistical power range do the relations analysed with PLS fall?The article summarises current recommendations to select the analysis procedures and to report the research works that have used structural equations with PLS. We believe that this is an excellent contribution for researchers because it helps to improve the analyses and reports that derive from using PLS to, thus, increase the probabilities of them being accepted in relevant journals.Another contribution made by the present work, apart from establishing the aforementioned protocol, is to provide a list of the recent articles about operations management that have used PLS and the coding procedure to conduct our systematic review (to be subsequently published)., [ES] Este protocolo de trabajo se enmarca en el contexto de la publicación en tres fases (Marin-Garcia, 2019). Tiene como objetivo establecer el procedimiento de trabajo para responder a las siguientes preguntas: 1) ¿en qué revistas han publicado entre 2014 y 2018 artículos de Dirección de Operaciones analizados con Partial Least Squares (PLS)?; 2) ¿Siguen vigentes los resultados de las revisiones anteriores sobre el tema, basadas en un conjunto muy limitado de revistas y realizadas antes de las modificaciones sustanciales en los métodos de reporte de estudios basados en PLS?; 3)¿Cumplen los artículos recientes con las recomendaciones de reporte?; 4) ¿Qué tipo de modelo de medida se ha considerado para los constructos más frecuentes en los artículos seleccionados?; 5)¿Qué valores de R2 son habituales en los estudios de campo transversales representados en los artículos seleccionados?; 6) ¿En qué rango de potencia estadística (statistical power)se han situado las relaciones analizadas con PLS? El artículo resume las recomendaciones actuales para seleccionar los procedimientos de análisis y hacer el reporte de las investigaciones que utilizan ecuaciones estructurales con PLS. Consideramos que ello supone una gran contribución para los investigadores, pues ayuda a mejorar los análisis y reportes derivados del empleo de PLS y, con ello, aumentar las probabilidades de aceptación en revistas relevantes.Otra contribución del presente trabajo, además de establecer el protocolo mencionado,es presentar una lista de los artículos recientes de Dirección de Operaciones que han usado PLS y el procedimiento de codificación para realizar nuestra revisión sistemática(que se publicará más adelante).

[EN] This work protocol form part of a three-phase publication (Marin-Garcia, 2019). Its objective is to establish a work procedure to answer these questions: 1) in which journals have articles about Operations Management with Partial Least Squares (PLS) been published?; 2) Do the results of previous reviews on this topic still prevail based on the very limited set of journals that it have been conducted (and before substantial modifications were made to report methods of PLS-based studies)?; 3) Do recent articles fulfil report recommendations; 4) What kind of measurement model has been considered for the constructs most frequently used in the selected articles?; 5) What are the usual R2 values in the cross-sectional studies represented in the selected articles?; 6) Within what statistical power range do the relations analysed with PLS fall?The article summarises current recommendations to select the analysis procedures and to report the research works that have used structural equations with PLS. We believe that this is an excellent contribution for researchers because it helps to improve the analyses and reports that derive from using PLS to, thus, increase the probabilities of them being accepted in relevant journals.Another contribution made by the present work, apart from establishing the aforementioned protocol, is to provide a list of the recent articles about operations management that have used PLS and the coding procedure to conduct our systematic review (to be subsequently published)., [ES] Este protocolo de trabajo se enmarca en el contexto de la publicación en tres fases (Marin-Garcia, 2019). Tiene como objetivo establecer el procedimiento de trabajo para responder a las siguientes preguntas: 1) ¿en qué revistas han publicado entre 2014 y 2018 artículos de Dirección de Operaciones analizados con Partial Least Squares (PLS)?; 2) ¿Siguen vigentes los resultados de las revisiones anteriores sobre el tema, basadas en un conjunto muy limitado de revistas y realizadas antes de las modificaciones sustanciales en los métodos de reporte de estudios basados en PLS?; 3)¿Cumplen los artículos recientes con las recomendaciones de reporte?; 4) ¿Qué tipo de modelo de medida se ha considerado para los constructos más frecuentes en los artículos seleccionados?; 5)¿Qué valores de R2 son habituales en los estudios de campo transversales representados en los artículos seleccionados?; 6) ¿En qué rango de potencia estadística (statistical power)se han situado las relaciones analizadas con PLS? El artículo resume las recomendaciones actuales para seleccionar los procedimientos de análisis y hacer el reporte de las investigaciones que utilizan ecuaciones estructurales con PLS. Consideramos que ello supone una gran contribución para los investigadores, pues ayuda a mejorar los análisis y reportes derivados del empleo de PLS y, con ello, aumentar las probabilidades de aceptación en revistas relevantes.Otra contribución del presente trabajo, además de establecer el protocolo mencionado,es presentar una lista de los artículos recientes de Dirección de Operaciones que han usado PLS y el procedimiento de codificación para realizar nuestra revisión sistemática(que se publicará más adelante).

[EN] This work protocol form part of a three-phase publication (Marin-Garcia, 2019). Its objective is to establish a work procedure to answer these questions: 1) in which journals have articles about Operations Management with Partial Least Squares (PLS) been published?; 2) Do the results of previous reviews on this topic still prevail based on the very limited set of journals that it have been conducted (and before substantial modifications were made to report methods of PLS-based studies)?; 3) Do recent articles fulfil report recommendations; 4) What kind of measurement model has been considered for the constructs most frequently used in the selected articles?; 5) What are the usual R2 values in the cross-sectional studies represented in the selected articles?; 6) Within what statistical power range do the relations analysed with PLS fall?The article summarises current recommendations to select the analysis procedures and to report the research works that have used structural equations with PLS. We believe that this is an excellent contribution for researchers because it helps to improve the analyses and reports that derive from using PLS to, thus, increase the probabilities of them being accepted in relevant journals.Another contribution made by the present work, apart from establishing the aforementioned protocol, is to provide a list of the recent articles about operations management that have used PLS and the coding procedure to conduct our systematic review (to be subsequently published)., [ES] Este protocolo de trabajo se enmarca en el contexto de la publicación en tres fases (Marin-Garcia, 2019). Tiene como objetivo establecer el procedimiento de trabajo para responder a las siguientes preguntas: 1) ¿en qué revistas han publicado entre 2014 y 2018 artículos de Dirección de Operaciones analizados con Partial Least Squares (PLS)?; 2) ¿Siguen vigentes los resultados de las revisiones anteriores sobre el tema, basadas en un conjunto muy limitado de revistas y realizadas antes de las modificaciones sustanciales en los métodos de reporte de estudios basados en PLS?; 3)¿Cumplen los artículos recientes con las recomendaciones de reporte?; 4) ¿Qué tipo de modelo de medida se ha considerado para los constructos más frecuentes en los artículos seleccionados?; 5)¿Qué valores de R2 son habituales en los estudios de campo transversales representados en los artículos seleccionados?; 6) ¿En qué rango de potencia estadística (statistical power)se han situado las relaciones analizadas con PLS? El artículo resume las recomendaciones actuales para seleccionar los procedimientos de análisis y hacer el reporte de las investigaciones que utilizan ecuaciones estructurales con PLS. Consideramos que ello supone una gran contribución para los investigadores, pues ayuda a mejorar los análisis y reportes derivados del empleo de PLS y, con ello, aumentar las probabilidades de aceptación en revistas relevantes.Otra contribución del presente trabajo, además de establecer el protocolo mencionado,es presentar una lista de los artículos recientes de Dirección de Operaciones que han usado PLS y el procedimiento de codificación para realizar nuestra revisión sistemática(que se publicará más adelante).

El proyecto consiste en el estudio de diferentes alternativas de uso tras la remodelación de un edificio histórico situado en la localidad de IBI, el "Molí de Paper". Durante el año pasado el ayuntamiento procedió a la compra del "Molí de Paper", por lo que ahora el edificio pasa a ser propiedad municipal. Al recibir la noticia nos planteamos elaborar el siguiente proyecto en el cual queríamos ver diferentes posibilidades para la remodelación. Primero se analizará la historia del edificio, y a continuación se realizará un análisis externo e interno para conocer el entorno, con toda la información obtenida se elaborará el análisis DAFO en el que se resume el análisis externo del entorno y el interno. Dicho análisis nos dará información interna (debilidades y fortalezas) y del entorno destacando las amenazas y oportunidades del mismo, por lo que nos proporcionará información sobre la estrategia más ventajosa que ayudará a la toma de decisiones estratégicas para poder definir el negocio adecuado, es decir, si convertirlo en un alberge, un centro de interpretación, un hotel, un lugar disponible para el pueblo, colectivos, grupos. Finalmente se estudiará la viabilidad y factibilidad de las estrategias obtenidas.

El proyecto consiste en el estudio de diferentes alternativas de uso tras la remodelación de un edificio histórico situado en la localidad de IBI, el "Molí de Paper". Durante el año pasado el ayuntamiento procedió a la compra del "Molí de Paper", por lo que ahora el edificio pasa a ser propiedad municipal. Al recibir la noticia nos planteamos elaborar el siguiente proyecto en el cual queríamos ver diferentes posibilidades para la remodelación. Primero se analizará la historia del edificio, y a continuación se realizará un análisis externo e interno para conocer el entorno, con toda la información obtenida se elaborará el análisis DAFO en el que se resume el análisis externo del entorno y el interno. Dicho análisis nos dará información interna (debilidades y fortalezas) y del entorno destacando las amenazas y oportunidades del mismo, por lo que nos proporcionará información sobre la estrategia más ventajosa que ayudará a la toma de decisiones estratégicas para poder definir el negocio adecuado, es decir, si convertirlo en un alberge, un centro de interpretación, un hotel, un lugar disponible para el pueblo, colectivos, grupos. Finalmente se estudiará la viabilidad y factibilidad de las estrategias obtenidas.

El proyecto consiste en el estudio de diferentes alternativas de uso tras la remodelación de un edificio histórico situado en la localidad de IBI, el "Molí de Paper". Durante el año pasado el ayuntamiento procedió a la compra del "Molí de Paper", por lo que ahora el edificio pasa a ser propiedad municipal. Al recibir la noticia nos planteamos elaborar el siguiente proyecto en el cual queríamos ver diferentes posibilidades para la remodelación. Primero se analizará la historia del edificio, y a continuación se realizará un análisis externo e interno para conocer el entorno, con toda la información obtenida se elaborará el análisis DAFO en el que se resume el análisis externo del entorno y el interno. Dicho análisis nos dará información interna (debilidades y fortalezas) y del entorno destacando las amenazas y oportunidades del mismo, por lo que nos proporcionará información sobre la estrategia más ventajosa que ayudará a la toma de decisiones estratégicas para poder definir el negocio adecuado, es decir, si convertirlo en un alberge, un centro de interpretación, un hotel, un lugar disponible para el pueblo, colectivos, grupos. Finalmente se estudiará la viabilidad y factibilidad de las estrategias obtenidas.

El proyecto consiste en el estudio de diferentes alternativas de uso tras la remodelación de un edificio histórico situado en la localidad de IBI, el "Molí de Paper". Durante el año pasado el ayuntamiento procedió a la compra del "Molí de Paper", por lo que ahora el edificio pasa a ser propiedad municipal. Al recibir la noticia nos planteamos elaborar el siguiente proyecto en el cual queríamos ver diferentes posibilidades para la remodelación. Primero se analizará la historia del edificio, y a continuación se realizará un análisis externo e interno para conocer el entorno, con toda la información obtenida se elaborará el análisis DAFO en el que se resume el análisis externo del entorno y el interno. Dicho análisis nos dará información interna (debilidades y fortalezas) y del entorno destacando las amenazas y oportunidades del mismo, por lo que nos proporcionará información sobre la estrategia más ventajosa que ayudará a la toma de decisiones estratégicas para poder definir el negocio adecuado, es decir, si convertirlo en un alberge, un centro de interpretación, un hotel, un lugar disponible para el pueblo, colectivos, grupos. Finalmente se estudiará la viabilidad y factibilidad de las estrategias obtenidas.

[EN] Several researchers have compared the efficacy of digital flashcards (DFs) versus paper flashcards (PFs) to improve L2 vocabulary and have concluded that using DFs is more effective (Azabdaftari & Mozaheb, 2012; Başoğlu & Akdemir, 2010; Kiliçkaya & Krajka, 2010). However, these studies did not utilize vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) as a way to support the vocabulary development of those using PFs. This is significant because DFs often offer a range of features to promote vocabulary development, whereas PFs are much more basic; thus, learners who study via paper materials are at a disadvantage compared with those who use DFs. Given the success that VLSs have had in fostering L2 vocabulary enhancement (e.g., Mizumoto & Takeuchi, 2009), their incorporation could have influenced the previous studies. Therefore, one of the primary aims of this study was to find if there were significant differences in receptive and productive L2 vocabulary improvements between students who used PFs in conjunction with 3 VLSs – dropping, association, and oral rehearsal – and those who used the DF tools Quizlet and Cram. Additionally, the researchers examined the learners’ opinions to see if there was a preference for either study method. A total of 52 EFL students at two Japanese universities participated in the 12-week study. Pre- and post-tests were administered to measure the vocabulary gains in the PF group (n = 26) and the DF group (n = 26). Results from a paired t-test revealed that both groups made significant improvements in receptive and productive vocabulary. However, the difference between the gains was not significant, which contrasts with past comparison studies of DFs and PFs and highlights the importance of VLSs. A 10-item survey with closed and Likert-scale questions was also administered to determine the participants’ opinions towards the study methods. Higher levels of agreement were found in the experimental group, indicating that the students viewed DFs mor

[EN] Purpose: This paper studied the measurement invariance (MI) across web-based and paper-based surveys to evidence if both techniques of data collection can be regarded as equivalent. Design/methodology: We develop a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) with Maximum Likelihood Estimation to asses measurement invariance of the Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) adapted to teaching, with data collected from paper and web surveys. Sample from paper surveys was constituted by 294 student of a Spanish public university in the academic years 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10. Internet surveys were administered through an open source survey application called Lime Survey. We received 241 completed questionnaires. Findings: Results show that metric invariance, covariance invariance, variance of latent factors invariance and measurement errors invariance can be established between two groups. We can conclude that both methods of collecting data can be considered equivalent. Research limitations/implications: This study was done with a particular sample and strict focus questionnaire and we might not generalize the findings. It should be extended in the future to include other universities and graduate students. Originality/value: Results showed that the factor structures remained invariant across the internet-based and paper-based groups, that is to say, both methods of collecting data can be considered equivalent, with the same factor structure, factor loadings, measurement errors of factors and the same reliability. These findings are useful for researchers since they add a new sample in which web and paper questionnaires are equivalent and for teachers to desire to change the teaching methodology at university, encourage students' participation and teamwork through active methodologies.

[EN] Several researchers have compared the efficacy of digital flashcards (DFs) versus paper flashcards (PFs) to improve L2 vocabulary and have concluded that using DFs is more effective (Azabdaftari & Mozaheb, 2012; Başoğlu & Akdemir, 2010; Kiliçkaya & Krajka, 2010). However, these studies did not utilize vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) as a way to support the vocabulary development of those using PFs. This is significant because DFs often offer a range of features to promote vocabulary development, whereas PFs are much more basic; thus, learners who study via paper materials are at a disadvantage compared with those who use DFs. Given the success that VLSs have had in fostering L2 vocabulary enhancement (e.g., Mizumoto & Takeuchi, 2009), their incorporation could have influenced the previous studies. Therefore, one of the primary aims of this study was to find if there were significant differences in receptive and productive L2 vocabulary improvements between students who used PFs in conjunction with 3 VLSs – dropping, association, and oral rehearsal – and those who used the DF tools Quizlet and Cram. Additionally, the researchers examined the learners’ opinions to see if there was a preference for either study method. A total of 52 EFL students at two Japanese universities participated in the 12-week study. Pre- and post-tests were administered to measure the vocabulary gains in the PF group (n = 26) and the DF group (n = 26). Results from a paired t-test revealed that both groups made significant improvements in receptive and productive vocabulary. However, the difference between the gains was not significant, which contrasts with past comparison studies of DFs and PFs and highlights the importance of VLSs. A 10-item survey with closed and Likert-scale questions was also administered to determine the participants’ opinions towards the study methods. Higher levels of agreement were found in the experimental group, indicating that the students viewed DFs mor

[EN] Several researchers have compared the efficacy of digital flashcards (DFs) versus paper flashcards (PFs) to improve L2 vocabulary and have concluded that using DFs is more effective (Azabdaftari & Mozaheb, 2012; Başoğlu & Akdemir, 2010; Kiliçkaya & Krajka, 2010). However, these studies did not utilize vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) as a way to support the vocabulary development of those using PFs. This is significant because DFs often offer a range of features to promote vocabulary development, whereas PFs are much more basic; thus, learners who study via paper materials are at a disadvantage compared with those who use DFs. Given the success that VLSs have had in fostering L2 vocabulary enhancement (e.g., Mizumoto & Takeuchi, 2009), their incorporation could have influenced the previous studies. Therefore, one of the primary aims of this study was to find if there were significant differences in receptive and productive L2 vocabulary improvements between students who used PFs in conjunction with 3 VLSs – dropping, association, and oral rehearsal – and those who used the DF tools Quizlet and Cram. Additionally, the researchers examined the learners’ opinions to see if there was a preference for either study method. A total of 52 EFL students at two Japanese universities participated in the 12-week study. Pre- and post-tests were administered to measure the vocabulary gains in the PF group (n = 26) and the DF group (n = 26). Results from a paired t-test revealed that both groups made significant improvements in receptive and productive vocabulary. However, the difference between the gains was not significant, which contrasts with past comparison studies of DFs and PFs and highlights the importance of VLSs. A 10-item survey with closed and Likert-scale questions was also administered to determine the participants’ opinions towards the study methods. Higher levels of agreement were found in the experimental group, indicating that the students viewed DFs mor

[EN] Several researchers have compared the efficacy of digital flashcards (DFs) versus paper flashcards (PFs) to improve L2 vocabulary and have concluded that using DFs is more effective (Azabdaftari & Mozaheb, 2012; Başoğlu & Akdemir, 2010; Kiliçkaya & Krajka, 2010). However, these studies did not utilize vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) as a way to support the vocabulary development of those using PFs. This is significant because DFs often offer a range of features to promote vocabulary development, whereas PFs are much more basic; thus, learners who study via paper materials are at a disadvantage compared with those who use DFs. Given the success that VLSs have had in fostering L2 vocabulary enhancement (e.g., Mizumoto & Takeuchi, 2009), their incorporation could have influenced the previous studies. Therefore, one of the primary aims of this study was to find if there were significant differences in receptive and productive L2 vocabulary improvements between students who used PFs in conjunction with 3 VLSs – dropping, association, and oral rehearsal – and those who used the DF tools Quizlet and Cram. Additionally, the researchers examined the learners’ opinions to see if there was a preference for either study method. A total of 52 EFL students at two Japanese universities participated in the 12-week study. Pre- and post-tests were administered to measure the vocabulary gains in the PF group (n = 26) and the DF group (n = 26). Results from a paired t-test revealed that both groups made significant improvements in receptive and productive vocabulary. However, the difference between the gains was not significant, which contrasts with past comparison studies of DFs and PFs and highlights the importance of VLSs. A 10-item survey with closed and Likert-scale questions was also administered to determine the participants’ opinions towards the study methods. Higher levels of agreement were found in the experimental group, indicating that the students viewed DFs mor

[EN] Several researchers have compared the efficacy of digital flashcards (DFs) versus paper flashcards (PFs) to improve L2 vocabulary and have concluded that using DFs is more effective (Azabdaftari & Mozaheb, 2012; Başoğlu & Akdemir, 2010; Kiliçkaya & Krajka, 2010). However, these studies did not utilize vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) as a way to support the vocabulary development of those using PFs. This is significant because DFs often offer a range of features to promote vocabulary development, whereas PFs are much more basic; thus, learners who study via paper materials are at a disadvantage compared with those who use DFs. Given the success that VLSs have had in fostering L2 vocabulary enhancement (e.g., Mizumoto & Takeuchi, 2009), their incorporation could have influenced the previous studies. Therefore, one of the primary aims of this study was to find if there were significant differences in receptive and productive L2 vocabulary improvements between students who used PFs in conjunction with 3 VLSs – dropping, association, and oral rehearsal – and those who used the DF tools Quizlet and Cram. Additionally, the researchers examined the learners’ opinions to see if there was a preference for either study method. A total of 52 EFL students at two Japanese universities participated in the 12-week study. Pre- and post-tests were administered to measure the vocabulary gains in the PF group (n = 26) and the DF group (n = 26). Results from a paired t-test revealed that both groups made significant improvements in receptive and productive vocabulary. However, the difference between the gains was not significant, which contrasts with past comparison studies of DFs and PFs and highlights the importance of VLSs. A 10-item survey with closed and Likert-scale questions was also administered to determine the participants’ opinions towards the study methods. Higher levels of agreement were found in the experimental group, indicating that the students viewed DFs mor

[EN] Purpose: This paper studied the measurement invariance (MI) across web-based and paper-based surveys to evidence if both techniques of data collection can be regarded as equivalent. Design/methodology: We develop a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) with Maximum Likelihood Estimation to asses measurement invariance of the Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) adapted to teaching, with data collected from paper and web surveys. Sample from paper surveys was constituted by 294 student of a Spanish public university in the academic years 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10. Internet surveys were administered through an open source survey application called Lime Survey. We received 241 completed questionnaires. Findings: Results show that metric invariance, covariance invariance, variance of latent factors invariance and measurement errors invariance can be established between two groups. We can conclude that both methods of collecting data can be considered equivalent. Research limitations/implications: This study was done with a particular sample and strict focus questionnaire and we might not generalize the findings. It should be extended in the future to include other universities and graduate students. Originality/value: Results showed that the factor structures remained invariant across the internet-based and paper-based groups, that is to say, both methods of collecting data can be considered equivalent, with the same factor structure, factor loadings, measurement errors of factors and the same reliability. These findings are useful for researchers since they add a new sample in which web and paper questionnaires are equivalent and for teachers to desire to change the teaching methodology at university, encourage students' participation and teamwork through active methodologies.

[EN] Several researchers have compared the efficacy of digital flashcards (DFs) versus paper flashcards (PFs) to improve L2 vocabulary and have concluded that using DFs is more effective (Azabdaftari & Mozaheb, 2012; Başoğlu & Akdemir, 2010; Kiliçkaya & Krajka, 2010). However, these studies did not utilize vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) as a way to support the vocabulary development of those using PFs. This is significant because DFs often offer a range of features to promote vocabulary development, whereas PFs are much more basic; thus, learners who study via paper materials are at a disadvantage compared with those who use DFs. Given the success that VLSs have had in fostering L2 vocabulary enhancement (e.g., Mizumoto & Takeuchi, 2009), their incorporation could have influenced the previous studies. Therefore, one of the primary aims of this study was to find if there were significant differences in receptive and productive L2 vocabulary improvements between students who used PFs in conjunction with 3 VLSs – dropping, association, and oral rehearsal – and those who used the DF tools Quizlet and Cram. Additionally, the researchers examined the learners’ opinions to see if there was a preference for either study method. A total of 52 EFL students at two Japanese universities participated in the 12-week study. Pre- and post-tests were administered to measure the vocabulary gains in the PF group (n = 26) and the DF group (n = 26). Results from a paired t-test revealed that both groups made significant improvements in receptive and productive vocabulary. However, the difference between the gains was not significant, which contrasts with past comparison studies of DFs and PFs and highlights the importance of VLSs. A 10-item survey with closed and Likert-scale questions was also administered to determine the participants’ opinions towards the study methods. Higher levels of agreement were found in the experimental group, indicating that the students viewed DFs mor

[EN] In this work, ultrafiltration (UF) is used to remove dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) from a secondary clarifier effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in a papermaking factory. The approach has been to examine and model the decline in permeate flux resulting from membrane fouling. Effluent from a WWTP at a papermaking factory, previously filtered, was used as feed. UF experiments were carried out in a laboratory-scale plant using a 10 kDa polyethersulfone (PES) UF membrane in a flat sheet module with an active area of 154.8 cm(2). The transmembrane pressure (TMP) (1-3 bar) and crossflow rate (1.5-4.5 L/min) were varied during the experiments, at constant temperature (22 +/- 0.5 degrees C). Experimental results from UF tests were expressed in terms of permeate flux (Jp) as a function of time to check modified Hermia's models adapted to crossflow filtration. The parameters of these models were theoretically estimated. The predicted results were compared with experimental data with a high goodness of fit. The results showed that the phenomenon controlling fouling, under most of the conditions tested, was intermediate blocking (R-2 > 0.96). Measurements of particle size distribution and zeta potential near the isoelectric point, showed a substantial reduction in colloidal compounds. Additionally, given that COD was removed down to 110 mg/L, it could be said that UF is suitable for producing water that can be reused in different papermaking processes.

[EN] In this work, ultrafiltration (UF) is used to remove dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) from a secondary clarifier effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in a papermaking factory. The approach has been to examine and model the decline in permeate flux resulting from membrane fouling. Effluent from a WWTP at a papermaking factory, previously filtered, was used as feed. UF experiments were carried out in a laboratory-scale plant using a 10 kDa polyethersulfone (PES) UF membrane in a flat sheet module with an active area of 154.8 cm(2). The transmembrane pressure (TMP) (1-3 bar) and crossflow rate (1.5-4.5 L/min) were varied during the experiments, at constant temperature (22 +/- 0.5 degrees C). Experimental results from UF tests were expressed in terms of permeate flux (Jp) as a function of time to check modified Hermia's models adapted to crossflow filtration. The parameters of these models were theoretically estimated. The predicted results were compared with experimental data with a high goodness of fit. The results showed that the phenomenon controlling fouling, under most of the conditions tested, was intermediate blocking (R-2 > 0.96). Measurements of particle size distribution and zeta potential near the isoelectric point, showed a substantial reduction in colloidal compounds. Additionally, given that COD was removed down to 110 mg/L, it could be said that UF is suitable for producing water that can be reused in different papermaking processes.

Descripción de una secuencia de pasos propuesta para la creación de una presentación en el Espacio Papel de AutoACD y su posterior impresión Description of a proposed sequence of steps in order to create and print a layout with the Paper Space in AutoCAD

Descripción de una secuencia de pasos propuesta para la creación de una presentación en el Espacio Papel de AutoACD y su posterior impresión Description of a proposed sequence of steps in order to create and print a layout with the Paper Space in AutoCAD

Descripción de una secuencia de pasos propuesta para la creación de una presentación en el Espacio Papel de AutoACD y su posterior impresión Description of a proposed sequence of steps in order to create and print a layout with the Paper Space in AutoCAD

Descripción de una secuencia de pasos propuesta para la creación de una presentación en el Espacio Papel de AutoACD y su posterior impresión Description of a proposed sequence of steps in order to create and print a layout with the Paper Space in AutoCAD

[DE] In der Papierrestaurierung wird Cyclododekan üblicherweise eingesetzt, um wasserempfindliche Tinten oder Farben temporär wasserunempfindlich zu machen.Cyclododekan wird dabei auf dünnen Linien (wie etwa Zeichnungen oder Signaturen) oft mit Hilfe sogenannter Kistkas aufgetragen. Kistkas, die in Osteuropa zum Verzieren von Ostereiern mit Wachs verwendet werden, sind ein hilfreiches und praktisches Werkzeug, gewährleisten aber nicht immer eine präzise Applikation von Cyclododekan. In dieser Studie wurde getestet, wie die Temperatur das Eindringverhalten von Cyclododekan in das Papiervlies und seine schützende Wirkung auf wasserempfindliche Medien beeinflusst. Cyclododekan wurde auf vier verschiedene, repräsentative Papiere aufgetragen. Die Temperatur einer gewöhnlichen Kistka wurde durch einen offenen, phasengesteuerten Wechselspannungsregler kontrolliert. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass Cyclododekan bei einer Temperatur von ca. 70 °C zwar sehr präzise aufgetragen werden kann, allerdings dringt es nicht ausreichend in das Papiervlies ein, um wasserempfindlichen Medien ausreichend zu schützen. Bei einer Temperatur von ca. 90 °C können zwar die Medien ausreichend wasserunempfindlich gemacht werden, aber das Cyclodekan kann nicht präzise aufgetragen werden. Während also die ideale Temperatur beim Auftrag von Cyclododekan je nach den Gegebenheiten des Objekts variieren kann, ist es wichtig zu wissen, dass Unterschiede von nur 5 °C einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf das Eindringvermögen und damit die Schutzwirkung von geschmolzenem Cyclododekan haben können., [FR] Le cyclododécane (CDD) a prouvé son utilité dans de nombreux scénarios de conservation-restauration: il s'agit d'un alcane qui ressemble à la paraffine et se comporte de la même façon à l'exception du fait qu'il se sublime à température ambiante. Dans la restauration du papier, le CDD est couramment utilisé pour rendre étanche des matériaux sensibles à l'eau, rendant ainsi certains traitements possibles. Afin d'appliquer le CDD sur des lignes fines (comme celles de dessins ou de signatures), les restaurateurs utilisent souvent un kistka, outil traditionnel ukrainien utilisé pour dessiner de fines lignes de cire fondue. Bien qu'étant un outil pratique et utile, le kistka ne permet pas toujours une application précise de CDD. Lors de l'application de CDD sur un matériau sensible àl'eau sur un objet papier, le restaurateur peut contrôler certains facteurs comme la vitesse à laquelle le CDD est déposé sur le papier et la taille du petit trou en entonnoir du kistka. Cependant d'autres facteurs tels que les caractéristiques de l'objet papier lui-même et la température de travail prédéterminée du kistka sont pris tels quels. Dans cette étude, l'influence de la température à laquelle le CDD est chauffé, sa tendance à se propager à travers le réseau de fibres de papier ainsi que sa capacité à rendre efficacement étanche les matériaux graphiques sensibles à l'eau ont été évalués. Comme les expériences le prouvent, le CDD est très facile à appliquer de façon précise à une température d'environ 70 °C, mais ses effets d'étanchéité ne sont alors pas très bons; à environ 90 °C, le CDD provoque une excellente étanchéité mais est très difficile à appliquer de façon précise. Alors que la température idéale peut varier selon les conditions techniques de l'artefact, il est important de souligner qu'une variation de seulement 5 °C a une influence significative sur les modalités d'application et sur l'efficacité d'imperméabilisation du CDD fondu., [EN] In paper conservation, cyclododecane (CDD) is commonly used to waterproof water-sensitive inks and paints. In order to apply CDD over thin lines (such as those of drawings or signatures), conservators often use kistkas. While being a useful, convenient tool, the kistka does not always allow for a precise application of CDD. In this study, the influence of the CDD temperature on its tendency to spread through the paper-fibre web and its ability to waterproof water-sensitive materials were assessed. CDD was applied on four types of paper that were considered to be representative. During the tests, the temperature of a regular kistka was precisely controlled through an open-loop phase-control AC regulator. The test series showed that at a temperature of approximately 70 degrees C, CDD is very easy to apply precisely, yet its waterproofing effects are not very good; at approximately 90 degrees C, CDD is excellent at waterproofing, but is very difficult to apply precisely. While the ideal temperature may vary depending on the technical requirements of the artefact, it is important to stress that a variation of as little as 5 degrees C has a relevant influence on the applicability and waterproofing efficiency of melted CDD.

[DE] In der Papierrestaurierung wird Cyclododekan üblicherweise eingesetzt, um wasserempfindliche Tinten oder Farben temporär wasserunempfindlich zu machen.Cyclododekan wird dabei auf dünnen Linien (wie etwa Zeichnungen oder Signaturen) oft mit Hilfe sogenannter Kistkas aufgetragen. Kistkas, die in Osteuropa zum Verzieren von Ostereiern mit Wachs verwendet werden, sind ein hilfreiches und praktisches Werkzeug, gewährleisten aber nicht immer eine präzise Applikation von Cyclododekan. In dieser Studie wurde getestet, wie die Temperatur das Eindringverhalten von Cyclododekan in das Papiervlies und seine schützende Wirkung auf wasserempfindliche Medien beeinflusst. Cyclododekan wurde auf vier verschiedene, repräsentative Papiere aufgetragen. Die Temperatur einer gewöhnlichen Kistka wurde durch einen offenen, phasengesteuerten Wechselspannungsregler kontrolliert. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass Cyclododekan bei einer Temperatur von ca. 70 °C zwar sehr präzise aufgetragen werden kann, allerdings dringt es nicht ausreichend in das Papiervlies ein, um wasserempfindlichen Medien ausreichend zu schützen. Bei einer Temperatur von ca. 90 °C können zwar die Medien ausreichend wasserunempfindlich gemacht werden, aber das Cyclodekan kann nicht präzise aufgetragen werden. Während also die ideale Temperatur beim Auftrag von Cyclododekan je nach den Gegebenheiten des Objekts variieren kann, ist es wichtig zu wissen, dass Unterschiede von nur 5 °C einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf das Eindringvermögen und damit die Schutzwirkung von geschmolzenem Cyclododekan haben können., [FR] Le cyclododécane (CDD) a prouvé son utilité dans de nombreux scénarios de conservation-restauration: il s'agit d'un alcane qui ressemble à la paraffine et se comporte de la même façon à l'exception du fait qu'il se sublime à température ambiante. Dans la restauration du papier, le CDD est couramment utilisé pour rendre étanche des matériaux sensibles à l'eau, rendant ainsi certains traitements possibles. Afin d'appliquer le CDD sur des lignes fines (comme celles de dessins ou de signatures), les restaurateurs utilisent souvent un kistka, outil traditionnel ukrainien utilisé pour dessiner de fines lignes de cire fondue. Bien qu'étant un outil pratique et utile, le kistka ne permet pas toujours une application précise de CDD. Lors de l'application de CDD sur un matériau sensible àl'eau sur un objet papier, le restaurateur peut contrôler certains facteurs comme la vitesse à laquelle le CDD est déposé sur le papier et la taille du petit trou en entonnoir du kistka. Cependant d'autres facteurs tels que les caractéristiques de l'objet papier lui-même et la température de travail prédéterminée du kistka sont pris tels quels. Dans cette étude, l'influence de la température à laquelle le CDD est chauffé, sa tendance à se propager à travers le réseau de fibres de papier ainsi que sa capacité à rendre efficacement étanche les matériaux graphiques sensibles à l'eau ont été évalués. Comme les expériences le prouvent, le CDD est très facile à appliquer de façon précise à une température d'environ 70 °C, mais ses effets d'étanchéité ne sont alors pas très bons; à environ 90 °C, le CDD provoque une excellente étanchéité mais est très difficile à appliquer de façon précise. Alors que la température idéale peut varier selon les conditions techniques de l'artefact, il est important de souligner qu'une variation de seulement 5 °C a une influence significative sur les modalités d'application et sur l'efficacité d'imperméabilisation du CDD fondu., [EN] In paper conservation, cyclododecane (CDD) is commonly used to waterproof water-sensitive inks and paints. In order to apply CDD over thin lines (such as those of drawings or signatures), conservators often use kistkas. While being a useful, convenient tool, the kistka does not always allow for a precise application of CDD. In this study, the influence of the CDD temperature on its tendency to spread through the paper-fibre web and its ability to waterproof water-sensitive materials were assessed. CDD was applied on four types of paper that were considered to be representative. During the tests, the temperature of a regular kistka was precisely controlled through an open-loop phase-control AC regulator. The test series showed that at a temperature of approximately 70 degrees C, CDD is very easy to apply precisely, yet its waterproofing effects are not very good; at approximately 90 degrees C, CDD is excellent at waterproofing, but is very difficult to apply precisely. While the ideal temperature may vary depending on the technical requirements of the artefact, it is important to stress that a variation of as little as 5 degrees C has a relevant influence on the applicability and waterproofing efficiency of melted CDD.

[EN] Paper is the base of our creations. It is the most accessible raw material to play, draw and write. It has also been the main tool for graphic communication up until not so long ago. The simplest mechanisms of the origami technique captivate creative people, designers, architects, artists and of course any child, at the same time they synthesize mathematical plots, descriptive geometry and technical drawing. This combination of disciplines, processes and techniques are the key to success for many graphic pieces, their folding and interactivity providing full meaning and conveying ideas., [ES] El papel es el primer soporte de nuestras creaciones, es la materia prima más accesible para jugar, dibujar, escribir, y hasta hace poco ha sido la base principal de la comunicación gráfica. Los mecanismos más simples de la técnica del origami cautivan a creativos, diseñadores, arquitectos, artistas y por supuesto a cualquier niño, al mismo tiempo que sintetizan trazados matemáticos, geometría descriptiva y dibujo técnico. En esta combinación de disciplinas, procesos y técnicas encontramos la clave de cómo el plegado y su interactividad es causa fundamental del éxito de numerosas piezas gráficas, consiguiendo incluso aportar significado y transmitir ideas.

[EN] Paper is the base of our creations. It is the most accessible raw material to play, draw and write. It has also been the main tool for graphic communication up until not so long ago. The simplest mechanisms of the origami technique captivate creative people, designers, architects, artists and of course any child, at the same time they synthesize mathematical plots, descriptive geometry and technical drawing. This combination of disciplines, processes and techniques are the key to success for many graphic pieces, their folding and interactivity providing full meaning and conveying ideas., [ES] El papel es el primer soporte de nuestras creaciones, es la materia prima más accesible para jugar, dibujar, escribir, y hasta hace poco ha sido la base principal de la comunicación gráfica. Los mecanismos más simples de la técnica del origami cautivan a creativos, diseñadores, arquitectos, artistas y por supuesto a cualquier niño, al mismo tiempo que sintetizan trazados matemáticos, geometría descriptiva y dibujo técnico. En esta combinación de disciplinas, procesos y técnicas encontramos la clave de cómo el plegado y su interactividad es causa fundamental del éxito de numerosas piezas gráficas, consiguiendo incluso aportar significado y transmitir ideas.

[EN] Paper is the base of our creations. It is the most accessible raw material to play, draw and write. It has also been the main tool for graphic communication up until not so long ago. The simplest mechanisms of the origami technique captivate creative people, designers, architects, artists and of course any child, at the same time they synthesize mathematical plots, descriptive geometry and technical drawing. This combination of disciplines, processes and techniques are the key to success for many graphic pieces, their folding and interactivity providing full meaning and conveying ideas., [ES] El papel es el primer soporte de nuestras creaciones, es la materia prima más accesible para jugar, dibujar, escribir, y hasta hace poco ha sido la base principal de la comunicación gráfica. Los mecanismos más simples de la técnica del origami cautivan a creativos, diseñadores, arquitectos, artistas y por supuesto a cualquier niño, al mismo tiempo que sintetizan trazados matemáticos, geometría descriptiva y dibujo técnico. En esta combinación de disciplinas, procesos y técnicas encontramos la clave de cómo el plegado y su interactividad es causa fundamental del éxito de numerosas piezas gráficas, consiguiendo incluso aportar significado y transmitir ideas.

[EN] Paper is the base of our creations. It is the most accessible raw material to play, draw and write. It has also been the main tool for graphic communication up until not so long ago. The simplest mechanisms of the origami technique captivate creative people, designers, architects, artists and of course any child, at the same time they synthesize mathematical plots, descriptive geometry and technical drawing. This combination of disciplines, processes and techniques are the key to success for many graphic pieces, their folding and interactivity providing full meaning and conveying ideas., [ES] El papel es el primer soporte de nuestras creaciones, es la materia prima más accesible para jugar, dibujar, escribir, y hasta hace poco ha sido la base principal de la comunicación gráfica. Los mecanismos más simples de la técnica del origami cautivan a creativos, diseñadores, arquitectos, artistas y por supuesto a cualquier niño, al mismo tiempo que sintetizan trazados matemáticos, geometría descriptiva y dibujo técnico. En esta combinación de disciplinas, procesos y técnicas encontramos la clave de cómo el plegado y su interactividad es causa fundamental del éxito de numerosas piezas gráficas, consiguiendo incluso aportar significado y transmitir ideas.

[EN] Paper is the base of our creations. It is the most accessible raw material to play, draw and write. It has also been the main tool for graphic communication up until not so long ago. The simplest mechanisms of the origami technique captivate creative people, designers, architects, artists and of course any child, at the same time they synthesize mathematical plots, descriptive geometry and technical drawing. This combination of disciplines, processes and techniques are the key to success for many graphic pieces, their folding and interactivity providing full meaning and conveying ideas., [ES] El papel es el primer soporte de nuestras creaciones, es la materia prima más accesible para jugar, dibujar, escribir, y hasta hace poco ha sido la base principal de la comunicación gráfica. Los mecanismos más simples de la técnica del origami cautivan a creativos, diseñadores, arquitectos, artistas y por supuesto a cualquier niño, al mismo tiempo que sintetizan trazados matemáticos, geometría descriptiva y dibujo técnico. En esta combinación de disciplinas, procesos y técnicas encontramos la clave de cómo el plegado y su interactividad es causa fundamental del éxito de numerosas piezas gráficas, consiguiendo incluso aportar significado y transmitir ideas.

[EN] Paper is the base of our creations. It is the most accessible raw material to play, draw and write. It has also been the main tool for graphic communication up until not so long ago. The simplest mechanisms of the origami technique captivate creative people, designers, architects, artists and of course any child, at the same time they synthesize mathematical plots, descriptive geometry and technical drawing. This combination of disciplines, processes and techniques are the key to success for many graphic pieces, their folding and interactivity providing full meaning and conveying ideas., [ES] El papel es el primer soporte de nuestras creaciones, es la materia prima más accesible para jugar, dibujar, escribir, y hasta hace poco ha sido la base principal de la comunicación gráfica. Los mecanismos más simples de la técnica del origami cautivan a creativos, diseñadores, arquitectos, artistas y por supuesto a cualquier niño, al mismo tiempo que sintetizan trazados matemáticos, geometría descriptiva y dibujo técnico. En esta combinación de disciplinas, procesos y técnicas encontramos la clave de cómo el plegado y su interactividad es causa fundamental del éxito de numerosas piezas gráficas, consiguiendo incluso aportar significado y transmitir ideas.

[EN] Prototips Mínims is the title for a series of artworks, the result of a theoretical and practical research. The technique used is silkscreen on paper. The study has focused on the search for formal minimization by reducing the color and form. Everything that happens in the support is separated from its context and symbolic implications, and the results become autonomous objects with their own language and rules. The works are prototypes, not original or final products of an artistic process; they are, instead, starting points open to collaborations, leaving aside the myth of the individualistic artwork, unique and inimitable., [CA] Prototips mínims és el títol que dóna nom a una sèrie de treballs plàstics fruit d’una investigació teòrica-pràctica. La tècnica utilitzada és la serigrafia sobre paper. L’estudi s’ha centrat en la cerca de la minimització formal mitjançant la reducció del color i la forma. Tot allò que succeeix al suport es separa de les seues implicacions contextuals i simbòliques, i els resultats es converteixen en objectes autònoms amb unes regles i un llenguatge propi. Els treballs són prototips, ni originals ni productes finals d’un procés artístic; són, al contrari, punts de partida oberts a col·laboracions, deixant de costat el mite de l’obra d’art individualista, única i inimitable.

Since its inception in 2004, Communication & Medicine has been consistently interrogating the `black box’ of what is routinely characterised as `the communicative turn’ in healthcare practice in clinical and public health domains. It is now firmly established as a leading forum for these critical debates, [EN] This study identifies variation in the use of mitigation devices in medical written English between authors with English as their first language and those with Spanish as their first language. A corpus of 30 medical research papers written in English and published in international journals was compiled, 15 by researchers with Spanish as their first language and 15 by native English-speakers, and this was compared with a second corpus of 15 medical papers written in Spanish. By a comparative analysis of how mitigation devices were used in both corpora, it was possible to establish whether their frequency and the rhetorical strategies adopted varied depending on the writers’ linguistic background.

[EN] Prototips Mínims is the title for a series of artworks, the result of a theoretical and practical research. The technique used is silkscreen on paper. The study has focused on the search for formal minimization by reducing the color and form. Everything that happens in the support is separated from its context and symbolic implications, and the results become autonomous objects with their own language and rules. The works are prototypes, not original or final products of an artistic process; they are, instead, starting points open to collaborations, leaving aside the myth of the individualistic artwork, unique and inimitable., [CA] Prototips mínims és el títol que dóna nom a una sèrie de treballs plàstics fruit d’una investigació teòrica-pràctica. La tècnica utilitzada és la serigrafia sobre paper. L’estudi s’ha centrat en la cerca de la minimització formal mitjançant la reducció del color i la forma. Tot allò que succeeix al suport es separa de les seues implicacions contextuals i simbòliques, i els resultats es converteixen en objectes autònoms amb unes regles i un llenguatge propi. Els treballs són prototips, ni originals ni productes finals d’un procés artístic; són, al contrari, punts de partida oberts a col·laboracions, deixant de costat el mite de l’obra d’art individualista, única i inimitable.

[EN] Prototips Mínims is the title for a series of artworks, the result of a theoretical and practical research. The technique used is silkscreen on paper. The study has focused on the search for formal minimization by reducing the color and form. Everything that happens in the support is separated from its context and symbolic implications, and the results become autonomous objects with their own language and rules. The works are prototypes, not original or final products of an artistic process; they are, instead, starting points open to collaborations, leaving aside the myth of the individualistic artwork, unique and inimitable., [CA] Prototips mínims és el títol que dóna nom a una sèrie de treballs plàstics fruit d’una investigació teòrica-pràctica. La tècnica utilitzada és la serigrafia sobre paper. L’estudi s’ha centrat en la cerca de la minimització formal mitjançant la reducció del color i la forma. Tot allò que succeeix al suport es separa de les seues implicacions contextuals i simbòliques, i els resultats es converteixen en objectes autònoms amb unes regles i un llenguatge propi. Els treballs són prototips, ni originals ni productes finals d’un procés artístic; són, al contrari, punts de partida oberts a col·laboracions, deixant de costat el mite de l’obra d’art individualista, única i inimitable.

[EN] Prototips Mínims is the title for a series of artworks, the result of a theoretical and practical research. The technique used is silkscreen on paper. The study has focused on the search for formal minimization by reducing the color and form. Everything that happens in the support is separated from its context and symbolic implications, and the results become autonomous objects with their own language and rules. The works are prototypes, not original or final products of an artistic process; they are, instead, starting points open to collaborations, leaving aside the myth of the individualistic artwork, unique and inimitable., [CA] Prototips mínims és el títol que dóna nom a una sèrie de treballs plàstics fruit d’una investigació teòrica-pràctica. La tècnica utilitzada és la serigrafia sobre paper. L’estudi s’ha centrat en la cerca de la minimització formal mitjançant la reducció del color i la forma. Tot allò que succeeix al suport es separa de les seues implicacions contextuals i simbòliques, i els resultats es converteixen en objectes autònoms amb unes regles i un llenguatge propi. Els treballs són prototips, ni originals ni productes finals d’un procés artístic; són, al contrari, punts de partida oberts a col·laboracions, deixant de costat el mite de l’obra d’art individualista, única i inimitable.

Since its inception in 2004, Communication & Medicine has been consistently interrogating the `black box’ of what is routinely characterised as `the communicative turn’ in healthcare practice in clinical and public health domains. It is now firmly established as a leading forum for these critical debates, [EN] This study identifies variation in the use of mitigation devices in medical written English between authors with English as their first language and those with Spanish as their first language. A corpus of 30 medical research papers written in English and published in international journals was compiled, 15 by researchers with Spanish as their first language and 15 by native English-speakers, and this was compared with a second corpus of 15 medical papers written in Spanish. By a comparative analysis of how mitigation devices were used in both corpora, it was possible to establish whether their frequency and the rhetorical strategies adopted varied depending on the writers’ linguistic background.

Description of AutoCAD workspaces. Description of the management of layouts in paperspace with AutoCAD.

Description of AutoCAD workspaces. Description of the management of layouts in paperspace with AutoCAD.

Description of AutoCAD workspaces. Description of the management of layouts in paperspace with AutoCAD.

Description of AutoCAD workspaces. Description of the management of layouts in paperspace with AutoCAD.

This paper provides a bibliometric analysis of indexed scientific papers on concrete segmental bridges. Two hundred forty-two papers published from 1900 through 2013 were extracted from the Web of Science. The analysis examines author information, journal and year of publication, WoS category, funding agency, topics, keywords, and content. This study shows that the main references on concrete segmental bridges were published in United States journals on concrete structures; more than half were by authors in the United States.