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The research presented during the 16th Conference of the Italian Association of Chinese Studies (AISC), held on 23rd and 24th September 2017 at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan, reflects manifold and complex problems investigated from different perspectives. The third volume of Selected Papers of AISC groups together 13 of a larger number of papers presented by the members of the Association in Milan. It shows a renewed momentum in Chinese studies, which sees increasing consideration being given to the Chinese point of view and a continuous dialogue with Chinese researchers through interaction with the international community of scholars. This volume has adopted the method of double-blind peer review. All manuscripts have been accepted after a rigorous peer reviewed process.

Il contributo affronta il tema della valutazione dei farmaci orfani in processi di HTA

Raccolta di contributi presentati e referati per il convegno intermedio SIS2019 "Smart Statistics for Smart Applications"

We propose a methodology for discovering and resolving a wide range of protein name abbreviations from the full-text versions of scientific articles, as implemented in our PRAISED framework. Three processing steps lie at the core of our approach: an abbreviation identifi- cation phase, carried out via largely domain-independent metrics based on lexical clues and exclusion rules, whose purpose is to identify all pos- sible abbreviations within a scientific text; an abbreviation resolution phase, which takes into account a number of syntactical and semantic criteria and corresponding optimization techniques, in order to match an abbreviation with its potential explanation; and a dictionary-based pro- tein name identification, which is meant to eventually sort out those ab- breviations actually belonging to the biological domain. We have tested our implementation against the well-known Medstract Gold Standard Corpus and a relevant subset of real scientific papers extracted from the PubMed database, obtaining significant results in terms of recall, pre- cision and overall correctness. In comparison to other methods, our ap- proach retains its effectiveness without compromising performance, while addressing the complexity of full-text papers instead of the simpler ab- stracts more generally used. At the same time, computational overhead is kept to a minimum and its light-weight approach further enhances customization and scalability.

Providing a series of useful examples, the essay suggests to young scholars some strategies to submit application for international conferences, seminars, summer schools.

Providing a series of useful examples, the essay suggests to young scholars some strategies to submit application for international conferences, seminars, summer schools.

Plants, algae, and their derivatives paper, textiles, etc. are complex systems that are chiefly composed of a web of cellulose fibers. The arrangement of solvents within the polymeric structure is of great importance since cellulose degradation is strongly influenced by water accessibility. Here we show a model based on small angle neutron scattering (SANS) data able to deconvolve the scattering contributions of both polymeric structures and solvent clusters trapped along the polymeric fibers. The relevance of our model resides in the exploitation of a large number of biopolymer networks that are known to share structures similar to that of cellulose.

Giovanni Ferrario’s work deals with some shapes of reality after their passage through the filter of thought and technological transformation. The artist has scanned, re-edited and modified the pages of Slavonic-Bulgarian History, a book by Paisij Hilendarski. As a result the images are no longer recognizable and fail to reveal their source, offering a different point of view.

We provide the complete argument for the proof of step 2 in the demonstration of Lemma 4.2 in the paper "Some results on minimal barriers in the sense of De Giorgi applied to driven motion by mean curvature", 1995 of the same authors.

This is a piece of a column of a Business English Course which Enrico Reggiani wrote and edited for the Italian economics newspaper Il Sole 24 Ore del Lunedì for more than twenty years (1986-2008). In this case, its original English source is an excerpt of a literary text which illustrates the relationships between literature and economy/economics. Between 1996 and 2008, Reggiani’s column became weekly and was organized in three sections: THE complete TRANSLATION of a text on socio-political-economic subjects; THE SPECIALIZED LEXICON: THE DICTIONARY, a commented glossary of the most important specialized terms recurring in the chosen text; THE SPECIALIZED LEXICON: THE KEYWORDS, where fundamental specialized words and phrases from the same text are commented from various points of view: linguistic, literary, cultural, institutional, et al.

This is a piece of a column of a Business English Course which Enrico Reggiani wrote and edited for the Italian economics newspaper Il Sole 24 Ore del Lunedì for more than twenty years (1986-2008). In this case, its original English source is an excerpt of a literary text which illustrates the relationships between literature and economy/economics. Between 1996 and 2008, Reggiani’s column became weekly and was organized in three sections: THE complete TRANSLATION of a text on socio-political-economic subjects; THE SPECIALIZED LEXICON: THE DICTIONARY, a commented glossary of the most important specialized terms recurring in the chosen text; THE SPECIALIZED LEXICON: THE KEYWORDS, where fundamental specialized words and phrases from the same text are commented from various points of view: linguistic, literary, cultural, institutional, et al.

The cultural foundations of welfare state policies and their contribution to the development of welfare states are gaining increasing attention in comparative welfare state research. The article introduces reflections on how the impact of cultural factors on the development of welfare state policies can be analysed. Three different levels be distinguished with regard to the relationship between welfare culture and welfare state policies: 1) values and models on which welfare state policies are based; 2) values and models for the welfare state that are dominant in the population; 3) discourses of social actors in relation to such values and models. Cultural change can contribute to change in welfare state policies according to two different types of processes. Moreover, when analysing the influence of globalisation on the development of welfare states it is important to analyse the controversial influence of neo-liberal values on welfare culture and the discourses established by political elites to propagate such values.

The cultural foundations of welfare state policies and their contribution to the development of welfare states are gaining increasing attention in comparative welfare state research. The article introduces reflections on how the impact of cultural factors on the development of welfare state policies can be analysed. Three different levels be distinguished with regard to the relationship between welfare culture and welfare state policies: 1) values and models on which welfare state policies are based; 2) values and models for the welfare state that are dominant in the population; 3) discourses of social actors in relation to such values and models. Cultural change can contribute to change in welfare state policies according to two different types of processes. Moreover, when analysing the influence of globalisation on the development of welfare states it is important to analyse the controversial influence of neo-liberal values on welfare culture and the discourses established by political elites to propagate such values.

The younger generation is facing many changes and challenges related to political, military, and pandemic crises that have gained prominence in the media: in this perspective, Media Literacy and critical thinking are crucial to handling information and false content. Youngsters, in fact, often scroll through news content on their mobile devices without giving too much thought, consuming news content exclusively through social media (Herdzina & Lauricella, 2020; Jolley et al., 2021). The contribution will focus on the first results of the project YO-MEDIA – Youngsters’ Media Literacy in Times of Crises – funded by the European Media and Information Fund established by the European University Institute and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. In particular, we will focus on the primary connections between the point of view of scholars and researchers – expressed in papers and scientific contributions from the literature analysis – and the perspective of teachers, educators, and journalists interviewed. Drawing on a selection of data from the 46 scientific papers produced by scholars, from 2019 to 2023 in games and video games in times of crisis, and the interview conducted with teachers, educators, and journalists with background on media studies, games, and crisis management (N.10 in Italy) the main questions are: in what way can game-playing foster youngsters’ media literacy in times of crisis? From what perspective are video games considered thinking about crises such as war, climate, and health emergencies? Are there experiences that can be regarded as good practices?

This volume collects a selection of papers concerning the history of linguistics spanning the centuries from the 17th to the 20th. These contributions were presented and debated at ICHoLS XV (Milan, 23 – 27 August 2021). The essays focus on various contexts across the modern and contemporary ages in Europe, Asia, and the United States. This collection offers an accurate exploration of linguistic topics and metalinguistic traditions across diverse historical and geographical settings.

It is the editors' Introduction to the vol. Insights into the History of Linguistics. Selected Papers from ICHoLS XV ((Milan, 23 – 27 August 2021)

This paper presents two use cases of the etymological data provided by the *Lexicon der indogermanischen Verben* (LIV) after their publication as Linked Open Data and their linking to the LiLa Knowledge Base (KB) of interoperable linguistic resources for Latin. The first part of the paper briefly describes the LiLa KB and its structure. Then, the LIV and the information it contains are introduced, followed by a short description of the ontologies and the extensions used for modelling the LIV{'}s data and interlinking them to the LiLa ecosystem. The last section details the two use cases. The first case concerns the inflection types of the Latin verbs that reflect Proto-Indo-European stems, while the second one focusses on the Latin derivatives of the inherited stems. The results of the investigations are put in relation to current research topics in Historical Linguistics, demonstrating their relevance to the discipline.

This paper describes the steps undertaken to include data from Antonio Velez{'}s bilingual Latin-Portuguese dictionary (Index Totius Artis, 1744) into the LiLa Knowledge Base of interoperable linguistic resources for Latin. The paper focuses on how the lexical and lexicographic information of the source dictionary was modelled by using respectively the Lexicon Model for Ontologies (OntoLex-lemon) and its lexicog module. The linking process of the dictionary entries with those of the LiLa collection of Latin lemmas is detailed, discussing issues in dealing with ambiguities and typographical errors found in the source. The result is the first Latin-Portuguese lexical resource made interoperable with the (meta)data of the other linguistic resources for Latin interlinked in the LiLa Knowledge Base, providing new ways of assessing the dictionary information or using its content as starting point to explore the connections with other interlinked linguistic resources. A couple of use case scenarios illustrate those possibilities.

The essays of this volume were presented as papers at the conference ISCHE 43, which was dedicated to the histories of educational technologies. The conference, which was held for the first time as a hybrid event at the Catholic University of Milan from 31 August to 6 September 2022, developed this topic with more than 300 papers. The essay of this book do not cover, of course, the entire perspectives opened by the research into educational tools, but they show some interesting results obtained by using new sources and methodological approaches: school photos, children’s advertisements, mental tests, medieval images, school meals, school buildings, media and children, school movies.

This paper, for the first time in Italy, offers a reflection on the theme of Medical Intelligence which has become increasingly crucial over the last few years, due to the occurrence of events such as the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the Russian-Ukrainian war and the Israeli-Palestinian war; all events which possess characteristics of interdependence, mutual influence and high levels of uncertainty and complexity. The focus of this paper concerns not only an innovative definition of Medical Intelligence and its specific areas of study, but also the consideration of the possibilities it offers in revising the intelligence process, in light of the impact of new technologies and the characteristics of emerging threats. Specific attention will then be devoted to the establishment and launch of the national Medical Intelligence group at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan. Finally, perspectives and lines of work that are already being developed to continue to expand the knowledge of Medical Intelligence in a rapidly changing world will be proposed.

Decades of phenomenological investigations show how temporality and corporeality are co-implied in the unitary givenness of lived experience. The enactive approach to cognition considers mind-worlds interaction as the constitutive process of – individual and collective – becoming. Hence, temporal experience has to be understood as a complex phenomenon emerging from this dynamic in-between, which plastically retroacts on bodies, brains, and world. The aim of this paper is to grasp the relational nature of time experience through the notion of participatory time-making, which is built upon the well-known notion of participatory sense-making. The unfinishedness of minded bodies implies the chance for the mutual incorporation of lived rhythms, always mediated by shared objects, usages, and meanings. This paper discusses how specific objects, such as mobile screens, affect our experience of time and if their impact is always biologically sustainable. Allowing users to navigate beyond the limit of their (physical) situatedness, mobile screens disclose mediated spaces of co-presence within a stream of not interrelated, yet overlapping, temporalities.

In this paper, we describe the process of linking the corpus CLaSSES (which collects non-literary Latin texts of different periods and places) to the LiLa Knowledge Base of linguistic resources for Latin made interoperable through their publication as Linked Data. The paper details the RDF modeling of the (meta)data provided by CLaSSES and presents three queries on data from different resources that interact in LiLa.

The paper presents the LiLa Knowledge Base of interoperable linguistic resources for Latin. After introducing the problem of the sparsity and separation of lexical and textual resources (both for Latin and for other languages), the paper describes the principles of the Linked Data paradigm, on which the LiLa Knowledge Base is grounded. The lemma-centered architecture of LiLa is then detailed, as well as the linguistic resources for Latin currently interlinked through the Knowledge Base. Two different means to query the interoperable resources are presented and described with examples. Finally, some thoughts about the use of digital linguistic data to move from information to knowledge are provided.

This paper is concerned with the acquisition of FL/SL German phonetics and prosody in Italy. It moves from phonetic and phonological theory and research towards teaching practice. In the theoretical framework of contrastive analysis the paper starts by illustrating differences and similarities between Italian and German phonetics and phonology at the segmental, intersegmental and suprasegmental level. It then accounts for research in the field of FL/SL phonetic acquisition, specifically addressing the case of German as a Foreign Language (“DaF”) and German as a Second Language (“DaZ”) in Italy. Since empirical evidence shows that most phonetic interferences and negative transfer phenomena depend on prosody (mainly rhythm and prominence), the paper pleads for a “prosodic turn” in DaF/DaZ education. Referring to a specific teaching method based on contrastive prosody, some practical suggestions for efficient prosody-centred DaF/DaZ instruction will be given. The teaching method aims at training prosodic competence in order to prevent or to eliminate the typical foreign accent of Italian learners of German, both beginners and advanced learners. Prosodic competence does not only enhance phonetic and prosodic performance, in most cases even native-like German phonetics and prosody, but it also improves oral competence leading both to correct phonetic production and perception and to overall comprehension.

This paper examines the training of infant-school teachers in the early twentieth century. In Italy, this occupational category was long overlooked by legislators, largely due to the state’s lack of interest in pre-school education and the institutions tasked with delivering it. The few laws on infant school education that were introduced in the nineteenth century were not particularly impactful. Rather, they confirmed the status of infant schools as welfare or charitable institutions. Consequently, they entailed no new investment in the teachers who worked in these schools. The teachers thus lacked both training and proper legal and economic status. This had a negative impact on their motivation and meant that they were often poorly prepared for their work from the educational and cultural perspectives. Only at the beginning of the twentieth century did the Ministry of Public Education approve regulations on obtaining a qualification to teach in infant schools. However, being qualified only became compulsory during the fascist period. Here, I set out to investigate whether the professional training pathways established during the Giolitti and fascist eras (Practical Teacher Training Schools, Method Schools, Teacher Training Schools) led to a significant improvement in the training of infant-school teachers and, consequently, made infant schools less backward in terms of the quality of education and teaching they provided. Specifically, I assess whether and to what extent the new training courses enhanced infant-school teachers’ competence and their ability to understand and apply the innovations introduced by the first Italian ministerial programs for kindergartens (1914) and by the teaching methods that, in that historical period, were being developed for preschool education. To this end, I go beyond examining institutional history, also drawing on more recent historiographical approaches. My research spans contemporary ministerial reviews of the infant school sec

The European Commission is steadfast in its mission to develop a high-performance digital education ecosystem and enhance digital skills for digital transformation (European Commission, 2021; 2023). By equipping students to be active participants and contributors in a digitally driven world, the Commission is not only fostering a more inclusive and progressive society (Dallmann, 2021), but also laying the foundation for a future where digital literacy is a societal norm, benefiting all (Van Laar, Van Deursen, Van Dijk, De Haan, 2017). The European University Association’s (EUA, 2021) goal of creating sustainable, inclusive, and engaged educational environments (Claeys-Kulik & Jørgensen, 2018) focuses on interdisciplinary learning, enhancing education delivery and access through digital advancements. This approach equips students with essential digital skills relevant to contemporary and future job markets, supporting lifelong learning and adaptability (Panciroli & Rivoltella, 2023). This paper reports on the case study of the Digital4Business (D4B) project, which is part of the Digital Europe Programme 2021-2022. This Programme aims to provide funding for projects to ensure the widespread use of digital technologies in the economy and society. The focus will be on four key aspects of developing barrier-free, responsive, and future-oriented higher education (Schwittay, 2021). The D4B project exemplifies a transformative approach to higher education by aligning academic programs with the dynamic demands of the digital job market. Initiated in 2022, D4B incorporates real-world challenges into the learning process focused on key areas such as Digital Transformation, Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity, and Blockchain, ensuring that students gain competencies crucial for the digital economy.

Il contributo verte su un’indagine osservativo-descrittiva su tre istituti omnicomprensivi della Regione Lombardia avente per oggetti: il contesto in cui gli insegnanti hanno operato durante il Covid-19, le loro convinzioni e dichiarazioni di prassi sulla valutazione formativa, l’apprendimento e il coinvolgimento degli studenti durante l’ERT, i legami tra quelle e il contesto. L’indagine suggerisce che gli insegnanti sono convinti che la valutazione formativa possa sostenere l’apprendimento e l’impegno degli studenti in un contesto considerato emergenziale. Dai dati raccolti emerge una correlazione positiva tra convinzioni e pratiche e un effetto significativo del contesto scolastico sulla costruzione di queste ultime., The focus of the paper is an observational-descriptive study of three omnicomprehensive schools in the Lombardy Region. It examines the context in which teachers worked during the COVID-19 pandemic, their beliefs and practices regarding formative assessment, student learning and engagement during ERT, and the links between these and the context. The study suggests that there is a belief among teachers that formative assessment can support student learning and engagement in what is perceived to be an emergency context. The data collected indicate a positive correlation between beliefs and practices. There is also a significant effect of the school context on the development of the latter.

This paper presents a case study on dialogues in dramatic texts, leveraging a treebank enhanced with annotation of speakers. Information on characters speaking contributes to investigate dialogues from various perspectives, including the study of interaction and linguistic charac- terisation.

Le attuali sfide in termini di sostenibilità, cambiamenti climatici, crisi energetica e delicati equilibri geopolitici, inducono gli individui e la collettività a ripensare i paradigmi della convivenza tra persone e quelli dell’interazione tra persone e ambiente. Il passaggio dal concetto di “diritti umani”, affermatosi nel 1948 con la Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani, a quella di diritti planetari introdotto dall’Agenda 2030, induce una nuova riflessione sulle azioni e le strategie educative da mettere in atto già dai primi anni di scuola al fine di agevolare l’acquisizione della consapevolezza che i diritti umani non possono essere scissi da quelli del pianeta che ci ospita, secondo l’approccio dell’ecologia integrale richiamato da Papa Francesco. In Italia la Legge 92/2019 sull’educazione civica rappresenta una precisa volontà di affermare l’inscindibilità di questi valori, ma anche l’indirizzo pedagogico rivolto alla formazione di una coscienza ecologica che chiami la comunità educante a farsi attrice del cambiamento. Muovendo da tali istanze, il paper analizzerà alcune prassi educative, soprattutto incentrate sugli apprendimenti in situazione, per individuare buone pratiche atte a costruire una società consapevole che essere umani oggi significa comprendere il valore e le necessità del mondo che ci circonda.

This paper aims to demonstrate that Solinus' religion was the traditional paganism of the Western part of the Roman Empire in its last age (second half of the IVth century)

By relying on excerpts from papers of one of the pioneers of Linguistic Computing, the Jesuit father Roberto Busa, this article discusses the impact of automation of linguistic processing on the Humanities. Particularly, the article focusses on the inevitable computational turn that such impact has implied in the Humanities, by presenting a set of best practices in automatic processing of linguistic data, as well as in managing and distributing the empirical results of research projects in the Humanities, for purposes of repeatability. Finally, the article discusses the difference between Digital Humanities, as a research approach supported by technology, and Computational Humanities, as a deep methodological turn in the field.

In 2007 the TV movie Maria Montessori. Una vita per i bambini (Maria Montessori. A life for children) was broadcast in Italy, becoming one of the most watched films of the year. It is a biopic of Montessori, covering her life from her entry to the Faculty of Medicine in Rome in 1893 up to 1934, when she left Italy. The movie concentrates on her love story with Montesano, her relationship with her son Mario, and the creation of the Casa dei Bambini in Rome. Although some parts are historically accurate or plausible, others are fictional or incorrect. The movie was also broadcast in France and the Czech Republic, and the DVD was then dubbed in German and subtitled in Spanish on YouTube. This paper aims to explore the memory held of Montessori internationally, by analysing audience reactions.

The paper, starting from a general framework on the theme of Community as it is interpreted by sociology and as it finds explicitness in public policies, illustrates the results of empirical research carried out through a structured questionnaire with open-ended questions administered to about 50 public, private and Third sector's organizations at the national level to investigate the five areas referable to the core principles of Responsible Welfare's proposal: personalization, activation, inclusiveness, territoriality, and reflexivity. Although the theme of community was not the core of the research, it emerged as a central element in respondents' answers. This made it possible to identify the constituent elements of the community from the witnesses' lived experiences of local welfare production: space, tools, and relationships.

In 1931, some fragments of stone Roman artifacts were found in the foundation of a modern building in Milan. They were probably originally reused in Late Antiquity during the construction of the walls of Maximian. Some fragments are today preserved in the Civic Archaeological Museum in Milan, while others have been lost. Three fragments were part of a frieze (or more than one) and their original display is unknown. One, today lost, showed a soldier, while the other two show an image of Victory and the lower part of a male figure, with a long mantle and a naked leg and foot, whose skin was completely covered with polychromy. The aim of the paper is a preliminary report about the stone fragments, their context and iconography, with an addendum about the traces of polychromy on the male figure’s skin.

The large availability of processable textual resources for Classical Latin has made it possible to study Latin literature through methods and tools that support distant reading. This paper describes a number of experiments carried out to test the possibility of investigating the thematic distribution of the Classical Latin corpus Opera Latina by means of topic modeling. For this purpose, we train, optimize and compare two neural models, Product-of-Experts LDA (ProdLDA) and Embedded Topic Model (ETM), opportunely revised to deal with the textual data from a Classical Latin corpus, to evaluate which one performs better both on the basis of topic diversity and topic coherence metrics, and from a human judgment point of view. Our results show that the topics extracted by neural models are coherent and interpretable and that they are significant from the perspective of a Latin scholar. The source code of the proposed model is available at https://github.com/MIND-Lab/LatinProdLDA.

This paper describes the organization and the results of the third edition of EvaLatin, the campaign for the evaluation of Natural Language Processing tools for Latin. The two shared tasks proposed in EvaLatin 2024, i.,e., Dependency Parsing and Emotion Polarity Detection, are aimed to foster research in the field of language technologies for Classical languages. The shared datasets are described and the results obtained by the participants for each task are presented and discussed.

This paper describes the first steps in creating a Lemma Bank for Old Irish (600-900CE) within the Linked Data paradigm, taking inspiration from a similar resource for Latin built as part of the LiLa project (2018{--}2023). The focus is on the extraction and RDF conversion of nouns from Goidelex, a novel and highly structured morphological resource for Old Irish. The aim is to strike a good balance between retaining a representative level of morphological granularity and at the same time keeping the amount of lemma variants within workable limits, to facilitate straightforward resource interlinking for Old Irish, planned as future work.

This paper describes three online services designed to ease the tasks of querying and populating the linguistic resources for Latin made interoperable through their publication as Linked Open Data in the LiLa Knowledge Base. As for querying the KB, we present an interface to search the collection of lemmas that represents the core of the Knowledge Base, and an interactive, graphical platform to run queries on the resources currently interlinked. As for populating the KB with new textual resources, we describe a tool that performs automatic tokenization, lemmatization and Part-of-Speech tagging of a raw text in Latin and links its tokens to LiLa.

In this paper, we conduct parsing experiments on Dante Alighieri{'}s Divine Comedy, an Old Italian poem composed between 1306-1321 and organized into three Cantiche {---}Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. We perform parsing on subsets of the poem using both a Modern Italian training set and sections of the Divine Comedy itself to evaluate under which scenarios parsers achieve higher scores. We find that employing in-domain training data supports better results, leading to an increase of approximately +17{\%} in Unlabeled Attachment Score (UAS) and +25-30{\%} in Labeled Attachment Score (LAS). Subsequently, we provide brief commentary on the differences in scores achieved among subsections of Cantiche, and we conduct experimental parsing on a text from the same period and style as the Divine Comedy.

This paper explores how compounds are represented in resources documenting word formation, and proposes ways to convert them into Linked Open Data using the OntoLex model. The ultimate purpose is to offer a broad empirical evaluation of which of the two OntoLex modules allowing for the representation of compounds {--} Decomp and Morph {--} fits best the different formats and theoretical approaches of the resources we examine. We show that the vocabulary of Decomp alone is rarely sufficient to account for all relevant facts; in almost all cases, it is necessary to resort to the vocabulary of Morph, either to reify the relation between compounds and their constituents or to represent specifically morphological information or other aspects. Special attention is devoted to the format of the Universal Derivations project: the modelling strategy that we propose can be applied to all resources harmonized in that format, potentially allowing for the conversion into Linked Open Data of a large amount of structured data.

This paper investigates the polychromy of the non-figurai elements of Roman marble sculpture, such as the struts of freestanding statues and the background of stone reliefs. This paper argues that the choices in matter of shape and color for these elements are key to understanding the artwork as a whole. Rather than concealing the supports of a statue, color may differentiate and highlight the individuai parts of a composition. In the case of reliefs, the color on the background may mirror the taste of different periods and perhaps characterize the scene depicted.

Questo contributo è dedicato al tema delle reti e delle relazioni sociali degli adolescenti italiani prima, durante e "dopo" la pandemia (cioè il periodo di allentamento delle restrizioni più severe), al fine di osservarne le eventuali trasformazioni. Il contributo trae origine da una indagine qualitativa che ha previsto la realizzazione di 15 focus group con adolescenti residenti nei territori del Trentino, delle Valli Friulane e della diocesi di Otranto. Il saggio evidenzia l'elevata capacità di resilienza degli adolescenti e delle loro reti sociali. Si evidenziano in particolar modo il ruolo che le restrizioni pandemiche hanno avuto nella riscoperta delle relazioni ascritte, nella traduzione digitale delle relazioni sociali quotidiane con i pari, nella trasformazione delle dinamiche della socialità in contesto scolastico. In ultima analisi la pandemia ha agiito come "ricombinatore relazionale" dando alle reti sociali di ciascun adolescente la possibilità di "validare" le relazioni più consolidate ma amche di scoprire nuove possibilità di interazione che la dinamica ordinaria legata ai luogi fisici della socialità tendenzialmente non consentiva, This paper explores the relational dinamyics of the adolescents in three different peridos: prepandemic, "heavy pandemic" and "light-pandemic" (the terms heavy and light referring to the intensity of restrictions to ordiary social life). Drawn on a qualitative search achieved thorugh 15 focus groups with Italian adolescents living in the territories of Trentino, Friuli and Otranto, the paper put into evience the resilience of the adolescents and their social ties. Pandemic restrictions had a pivotal role in leading the adolecents to appreciate their ascribed relationships and in the digital translation of everyday social interactions both at school and in the loisir time. Pandemic and its lockdowwns emerge as a period helpful to assess the quality of "old" relationships and to create the chance of new ones, thanks to the capability offered by the Internet and social networks to follow relational paths other than the ones entailed by phisical sociality

Questo contributo è dedicato al tema delle reti e delle relazioni sociali degli adolescenti italiani prima, durante e "dopo" la pandemia (cioè il periodo di allentamento delle restrizioni più severe), al fine di osservarne le eventuali trasformazioni. Il contributo trae origine da una indagine qualitativa che ha previsto la realizzazione di 15 focus group con adolescenti residenti nei territori del Trentino, delle Valli Friulane e della diocesi di Otranto. Il saggio evidenzia l'elevata capacità di resilienza degli adolescenti e delle loro reti sociali. Si evidenziano in particolar modo il ruolo che le restrizioni pandemiche hanno avuto nella riscoperta delle relazioni ascritte, nella traduzione digitale delle relazioni sociali quotidiane con i pari, nella trasformazione delle dinamiche della socialità in contesto scolastico. In ultima analisi la pandemia ha agiito come "ricombinatore relazionale" dando alle reti sociali di ciascun adolescente la possibilità di "validare" le relazioni più consolidate ma amche di scoprire nuove possibilità di interazione che la dinamica ordinaria legata ai luogi fisici della socialità tendenzialmente non consentiva, This paper explores the relational dinamyics of the adolescents in three different peridos: prepandemic, "heavy pandemic" and "light-pandemic" (the terms heavy and light referring to the intensity of restrictions to ordiary social life). Drawn on a qualitative search achieved thorugh 15 focus groups with Italian adolescents living in the territories of Trentino, Friuli and Otranto, the paper put into evience the resilience of the adolescents and their social ties. Pandemic restrictions had a pivotal role in leading the adolecents to appreciate their ascribed relationships and in the digital translation of everyday social interactions both at school and in the loisir time. Pandemic and its lockdowwns emerge as a period helpful to assess the quality of "old" relationships and to create the chance of new ones, thanks to the capability offered by the Internet and social networks to follow relational paths other than the ones entailed by phisical sociality

This paper analyzes, from a theoretical perspective, the relevance that taxation may have on the shaping, effectiveness and efficiency of Mega-Projects. Its main background hypothesis is that taxation must be efficient. This entails that tax systems should be devised so that the incidence on tax revenues of the deadweight losses caused by taxation, as well as the costs for tax compliance, supervision and collection is minimized. This efficiency requirement is particularly relevant with regard to the use of taxation as a tool to stimulate private sector’s behaviors that increase the present and/or future welfare of all or part of the community members. The choice of taxation as a stimulus tool can prove effective where the relevant market/project (in our case Mega-Projects) is characterized by relevant externalities. The second background hypothesis is that, within the legal systems of many States, the use of taxation as a stimulus tool is subject to certain legal constraints, the most relevant of which is the respect of the principle of equality and the rule of reason. Against this background, the paper draws from the study of legal and public finance materials, case law and practice, in order to outline a framework for the lawful and efficient use of taxation as a stimulus for Mega-Projects and set the basis for a subsequent quantitative analysis intended to establish under what circumstances, and in what forms, tax incentives should be used as a tool to promote and support them.

This paper intends to address the problem of specialism in the contemporary culture, by highlighting the urgency of a cultural paradigm able to represent the complexity across the variety of disciplinary perspectives and their respective levels of reality. In this regard, we will firstly provide an historical-philosophical interpretation of the causes of specialism, by paying particular attention to the transition from ancient science to modern science. It will stand out that the claim of the experimental method’s primacy could be considered the origin of a separation between knowledge and human experience as a whole, that lost a unitary horizon of meaning and caused the fragmentation, the disorder and even the contrast among the different sciences. In order to overcome the aporias of specialism, this paper will finally try to configure the essential traits of a cognitive-existential attitude, from which a real transdisciplinary dialogue could arise.

This paper focuses on a common misunderstanding about science. Science was and is still reoresented as epiteme, certain and definitive knowledge. On the contrary, science develops, like any other human activity, by trial and error, and corrects itself through critical debate within scientific community. This paper want to criticize the belief, wrong but widespread, that the adjective "scientific" is synonymous with “true” and therefore “certain”. Our knowlegde is always fallible, but we have no other means of dealing with our world and even pandemic.

A focus on Internationalisation at Home (IaH) is a fairly recent development in the internationalisation of Italian higher education. IaH and the related concept of Internationalisation of the Curriculum (IoC) are associated with innovative curriculum design and delivery, calling for student-centred teaching and reflective practice. Students are the intended beneficiaries of these approaches, but not a lot is known about what first-year students expect to find in an international programme when they begin their studies. This paper considers first-year students’ expectations for teaching and learning in a new bachelor programme in an Italian university. First-year students were asked about their expectations for studying in an international programme as part of a questionnaire administered during the programme’s first semester. The paper begins by outlining the growing interest in IaH in Europe and its status in Italy. It then reviews the literature regarding students’ perspectives of IaH and IoC in an Italian context and beyond, before presenting data from the part of the questionnaire regarding expectations for studying in an international programme. Results of statistical analysis show that while all students overall held high expectations for active learning and an international perspective, the non-Italian students placed even more importance on these aspects. The chapter concludes with a discussion of implications for what needs to be developed if students’ expectations relating to the pedagogical aspects of IaH are to be met and their engagement in IoC enhanced.

The tourism is one of the driving forces in the global economy in terms of wealth production and job creation. Recent studies have highlighted the contribution of foreign workers in the sector and questioned their working conditions often marked by vulnerability and exposure to forms of discrimination. Foreign workers face some structural criticalities in the tourism labor market, primarily, the persistent seasonal nature of activities, the high elasticity of labor demand, and occupational stratification. After a general framing of the topic, the paper presents and discusses some data on the presence of foreign workers in the Italian tourism sector, with a focus on what is happening in the province Brescia. Tourism in Brescia is growing strongly, both because of the degree of internationalization of some locations and because of recent initiatives such as "Bergamo and Brescia Italian Capital of Culture 2023." To foster a growth of the sector marked by the principles of social sustainability, it is necessary to analyze the transformations of local tourism work and support a commitment by all figures involved in the tourism supply chain to improve working conditions for all.

The paper shows some case studies about polychromy on Roman sarcophagi, with a focus on traces of gold leaf. Nowadays, colours on Roman sarcophagi often seem completely lost, but some new data can be found in written sources from the 19th and 20th centuries. The use of painting on these ancient artefacts sometimes still carried on during the Middle Ages and beyond, especially when the sarcophagus was related to Christian relics