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This study examines the changing conditions experienced by craftsmen during the initial phase of industrialization in Sweden. The dissolution of the guild system in 1846 and the implementation of freedom of trade in 1864 opened up the crafts to a labor market increasingly characterized by mobility as industrialization progressed. By investigating the spatial, economic, and social mobility of craftsmen in Stockholm 1878-1914, this study addresses the social consequences experienced by craftsmen during industrialization. To uncover the spatial and social mobility of craftsmen, the study utilizes the Rotemans archive. Leveraging the capabilities of the text editor program Emeditor, a method was devised to compile longitudinal datasets from the Rotemans archive, allowing for the observation of changes in occupational status and place of residence. These datasets were utilized to examine the social and spatial mobility of apprentices, journeymen, and masters. Furthermore, tax registers (mantalslängder) were used in conjunction with the Rotemans archive to reveal changes in income for a select group of craftsmen as they pursued different trajectories within Stockholm's labor market. Statistics from Bisos were also employed to determine whether there was a decline in the number of craftsmen in the city. It was concluded that the advancement of industrialization in Stockholm led to a process of social differentiation among craftsmen. Contrary to the overall trend in Sweden as a whole, the crafts in Stockholm experienced a period of decline from 1882 to 1896. As the number of positions within the crafts diminished, more craftsmen moved from the city or switched occupations. Social degradation was common, especially among masters. Craftsmen who endured the period of decline and managed to remain in Stockholm experienced upward social mobility to a greater extent. The question of why some craftsmen succeeded remains a topic for future research.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the issue of noise pollution in the vicinity of the industrial zone of Haridwar city and its correlation with the health of the people in and around the SIDCUL (State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited). The study revealed that noise pollution levels were above the CPCB Standard for the sound level for industrial zones and residential zones. During the period from January to December 2018, noise levels were observed and monitored in both the industrial zone (Site-I SIDCUL) and the residential zone (Site-II Siwalik Nagar). The average noise levels varied throughout the year. At Site-I (Industrial Zone), during the daytime in July, the maximum average noise level recorded was 89.5 dB, while in April; the minimum average noise level was 81.1 dB. During nighttime, in January, the maximum average noise level reached 84.1 dB, and in May, the minimum average noise level was 76.6 dB. In Site-II Siwalik Nagar (Residential Zone), the daytime noise levels were a maximum average noise level of 61.1 dB in May and a minimum average noise level of 58.8 dB in September. During nighttime, the noise level reached a maximum average of 47.2 dB in October and a minimum average of 44.5 dB in May. Overall, the study revealed that noise levels were generally higher in both zones, except for the average nighttime noise level at Site II (residential zone), which was below the prescribed standard limit for noise.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of agricultural productivity on industrialization. It also looks for the mediating role of infrastructural development on the effects of agricultural productivity on industrialization. Method: The system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) methodology for 45 African countries is applied. It covers the period from 2005 to 2022. Results: The results show that agricultural productivity has a positive significant role on industrialization in Africa. This result is robust when industrialization is measured by employment in industry (EMIND). Infrastructural development has an enhancing role on the agricultural productivity-industrialization nexus. These results are robust for the two different measures of industrialization but are more enhancing on Employment in Industry than on Manufacturing Value Added (MVA). The study also observes that agricultural productivity interacts with the Water and Sanitation Index (WSS) on MVA to yield a positive net effect. Moreover, agricultural productivity interacts with ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and ECI (Electricity composite index) on both MVA and EMIND to yield positive synergy effects. Implications: The Electricity Composite Index is still not sufficient in Africa. Equally, there is a need for some countries like Chad, Ethiopia, Mozambique, and Niger to boost WSS above this threshold of 32.96 since this threshold is below the mean value for Africa as a whole. Policy-wise, it could be recommended that both agricultural productivity and infrastructural development should be strengthened, with emphasis on electricity, so as to achieve the much-needed level of industrialization for Africa.

This article examines Friedrich List’s critique of the Methuen Treaty. The Methuen Treaty removed all restrictions on English wool entering Portugal and reaffirmed England’s commitment to import Portuguese wines at two-thirds the tariffs of French wines. Friedrich List argues that the agreement hurt Portugal’s textile industry and slowed Portugal’s economic growth. List’s critique of the Methuen Treaty is a strong representation of his resistance to Adam Smith and Jean-Baptiste Say, but it is isolated from his robust theoretical framework. One possible explanation for the discontinuity is that the knowledge problem undermines List’s theory. The lack of local data makes it difficult to conduct an accurate and straightforward policy analysis of the Methuen Treaty, making the analysis vulnerable to normative interpretations. Specifically, List’s disagreement with Adam Smith’s cosmopolitanism pushed him further away from a straightforward application of his theory., Este artículo examina la crítica de Friedrich List al Tratado de Methuen. El Tratado de Methuen eliminó todas las restricciones a la entrada de lana inglesa en Portugal y reafirmó el compromiso de Inglaterra de importar vinos portugueses a dos tercios de los aranceles de los vinos franceses. Friedrich List argumenta que el acuerdo dañó la industria textil de Portugal y desaceleró el crecimiento económico de Portugal. La crítica de List al Tratado de Methuen es una representación fuerte de su resistencia a Adam Smith y Jean-Baptiste Say, pero está aislada de su sólido marco teórico. Una explicación posible de la discontinuidad es que el problema del conocimiento socava la teoría de List. La falta de datos locales dificulta la realización de un análisis de políticas preciso y directo del Tratado de Methuen, lo que hace que el análisis sea vulnerable a interpretaciones normativas. Específicamente, el desacuerdo de List con el cosmopolitismo de Adam Smith lo alejó aún más de una aplicación directa de su teoría., Este artigo examina a crítica de Friedrich List ao Tratado de Methuen. O Tratado de Methuen eliminou todas as restrições à entrada de lã inglesa em Portugal e reafirmou o compromisso da Inglaterra de importar vinhos portugueses adois terços das tarifas dos vinhos franceses. Friedrich List argumenta que o acordo prejudicou a indústria têxtil portuguesa e desacelerou o crescimento econômico de Portugal. A crítica de List ao Tratado de Methuen é uma representação forte de sua redsistência a Adam Smith e Jean-Baptiste Say, mas está isolada de sua robusta contribuição teórico. Uma explicação possível para a descontinuidade é que o problema do conhecimento enfraquece a teoria de List. A falta de dados locais dificulta a realização de uma análise política precisa e direta do Tratado de Methuen, tornando a análise vulnerável a interpretações normativas. Especificamente, o desacordo de List com o cosmopolitismo de Adam Smith o afastou ainda mais de uma aplicação direta de sua teoria., Depto. de Economía Aplicada, Estructura e Historia, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

Desde los albores de la ciencia económica, los recursos naturales han estado al centro del análisis de los académicos. En los últimos años, el auge del sector de extracción ha dado un renovado impulso al debate en torno a las implicaciones económicas de tales recursos, al tiempo que han proliferado una serie de iniciativas vinculadas con ese sector. El presente artículo estudia críticamente las principales aportaciones de la literatura científica acerca de la relación entre recursos naturales y estrategias de desarrollo. El propósito es identificar y sistematizar aquellas condiciones que pueden promover un proceso de desarrollo económico, entendido como cambio estructural, a partir de la explotación de tales recursos., From the dawn of the economic science, natural resources have been at the centre of the analysis by scholars. During last years, the boom of the extractive sector has given a renewed momentum to the debate about economic implications of those recourses, while a series of initiatives linked with that sector has been spreading. This paper critically studies the main contributions of the cientific literature on the relation between natural resources and development strategies. The objective is to identify and systematize those conditions that could promote an economic development process, defined as a structural change, based on the exploitation of thos resources., Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales, TRUE, pub

This research examines the relationship between Exports and GDP Growth as China transitioned from Import Substitution (IS) to Export Promotion (EP) as their strategy to industrialize. China has experienced remarkable economic growth over the years, becoming one of the world’s largest economies. A common claim is that China’s economic success is due to increased Exports. According to the Export-Led Growth (ELG) theory, Exports play a critical role in boosting economic growth. The research aims to test if the ELG-theory holds in China. To examine the relationship between Exports and GDP Growth, a Time Series Vector Autoregression (VAR) is performed, taking into account the effects of additional factors such as Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Population Growth, and Imports. Further, a Granger Causality test is conducted to examine the causal effect between Exports and GDP Growth, and vice versa, to test the ELG-theory. The analysis is based on data from 1979 to 2019. The VAR results show that Exports and GDP Growth have a moderate positive relationship, however, there is no statistical significance in determining GDP Growth when controlling for additional factors’ impact. The causal relationship is proven to be asymmetrical, and Exports do not have a causal effect on GDP Growth, while the opposite test exhibits causality. This suggests that in the case of China, the ELG-theory may not hold, implying that other factors may have played a more prominent role in boosting China’s economic growth.

In Latin America there is a reduced industrialization, however, in Ecuador, the industrial sector is considered one of the main factors that promote the economic growth of the country, on the other hand, the main strategies aimed at improving the profitability and utility of companies, are the optimization of processes and innovation through the acquisition of equipment, where importation is the most used strategy. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the import costs of a horizontal lathe for the company O'ringsline, by comparing prices in different markets. Based on theoretical foundations through reliable sources of research, an interview was also conducted with the manager of the company, to find out the needs and current situation of the company, the results were analyzed in an analytical-synthetic way. It was possible to know the importance of the import processes, within the profitability and utility of the companies, the need to acquire a machine called horizontal lathe through import was also known, at the same time, a series of quotes was made to inquire about related aspects with the prices, accessibility, guarantee and after-sales service, it was stated that buying said machinery turns out to be economically more profitable in China than in Peru, since its prices including taxes and tariffs were $21,382.50 and 37,669.23 USD respectively, finally, it was achieved generate a strategic import plan, where the requirements that must be taken into account before making a decision to ensure a purchase were exposed., En América Latina existe una reducida industrialización, sin embargo, en Ecuador, el sector industrial se considera uno de los principales factores que promueven el crecimiento económico del país, por otra parte, las principales estrategias destinadas a mejorar la rentabilidad y utilidad de las empresas, son la optimización de los procesos y la innovación a través de la adquisición de equipos, en donde la importación es la estrategia más utilizada. El objetivo de la presente investigación, fue analizar los costos de importación de un Torno horizontal para la empresa O’ringsline, mediante la comparación de precios en los diferentes mercados. Basándose en fundamentaciones teóricas mediante fuentes confiables de investigación, también se realizó una entrevista al gerente de la empresa, para conocer las necesidades y situación actual de la empresa, los resultados fueron analizados de manera analítica- sintética. Se logró conocer la importancia de los procesos de importación, dentro de la rentabilidad y utilidad de las empresas, también se conoció la necesidad adquirir mediante importación una máquina denominada torno horizontal, a la vez, se realizó una serie de cotizaciones para indagar sobre aspectos relacionados con los precios, accesibilidad, garantía y servicio postventa, se afirmó que comprar dicha maquinaria resulta ser económicamente más rentable en China que en Perú, pues sus precios incluyendo impuestos y aranceles fueron $21.382,50 y 37.669,23 USD respectivamente, finalmente, se logró generar un plan estratégico de importación, en donde se expusieron las exigencias que se deben tomar en cuenta antes de tomar una decisión para asegurar una compra.

Originally from the cetaceous family, it has a great variety, so it is called succulent, its cultivation occurs twice a year in tropical areas. The presence of bioactives that are very beneficial to human health, in addition to this is characterized by having a high commercial value as it has a color and texture that will influence the taste of it. Pitahaya has a high content of phenolics, crude protein, crude fiber and essential minerals, making it very different from other fruits. The method useful for the determination of the antioxidant capacity is the (DPPH) allowing to obtain a calibration curve. Considered as exotic since it presents many characteristics in which it favors the digestive tract, to lose weight. Keywords: Pitaya, antioxidant, health benefits, digestive system, industrialization., Originaria de la familia cetáceas, presenta una gran variedad por lo que se la denomina como suculenta, su cultivo se da dos veces por año en zonas tropicales. La presencia de bioactivos que son muy beneficiosos para la salud del ser humano, a más de esto se caracteriza por tener un alto valor comercial ya que presenta un color y textura que influirán en el sabor de la misma. La pitahaya presenta un alto contenido de fenólicos, proteína cruda, fibra cruda y minerales esenciales haciendo que esta sea muy diferente a otras frutas. El método aplicado para la determinación de la capacidad de antioxidantes es el (DPPH) permitiendo obtener una curva de calibración. Considerada como exótica ya que presenta muchas características en las cuales favorece al tracto digestivo, a bajar de peso. Palabras clave: Pitahaya, antioxidante, beneficios para la salud, sistema digestivo, industrialización.

This article discusses the approach of educational policies in Chile, which promote a curricular approach towards the nature of exploiting resources, functional in a country that bases its economy on the export of raw materials. Through a review of different bibliographic sources, the installation of this functionalist approach, which we call pedagogy of extractivism, is analyzed as part of a globalized economic system of neoliberal market that originated from the expansion of industrialism, installed as the only way of development for countries, which has generated social conflicts and pollution levels that have precipitated climate change. Education is a tributary of these hegemonies because the school has historically been linked to the productive apparatus of modernity after the Industrial Revolution, first with the factory and then with the company, laying the foundations for an «industrial society». After exploring the relationship between school knowledge and indigenous knowledge, it concludes by proposing the articulation between the knowledge of the mapuche people and schoolchildren, as a way for a pluralistic education that generates social change, towards another relationship with nature and other forms of development, aimed at environmental conservation., En este artículo se discute el enfoque de las políticas educativas en Chile, las que promueven un enfoque curricular hacia la naturaleza de aprovechamiento de recursos, funcional en un país que basa su economía en la exportación de materias primas. Mediante una revisión de distintas fuentes bibliográficas se analiza la instalación de este enfoque funcionalista, que denominamos pedagogía del extractivismo, como parte de un sistema económico globalizado de mercado neoliberal que se originó a partir de la expansión del industrialismo, instalado como vía única de desarrollo para los países, lo que ha generado conflictos sociales y niveles de contaminación que han precipitado el cambio climático. La educación es tributaria de estas hegemonías por cuanto la escuela ha estado históricamente ligada al aparato productivo de la modernidad luego de la Revolución Industrial, primero con la fábrica y luego con la empresa, cimentando una «sociedad industrial». Tras explorar la relación entre el conocimiento escolar y el conocimiento indígena se concluye proponiendo la articulación entre los saberes del pueblo mapuche y escolares, como una vía para una educación pluralista que genere un cambio social, hacia otra relación con la naturaleza y otras formas de desarrollo, que apunten a la conservación ambiental.

In this study, we examine the development of age at leaving the parental household in Sweden between the years 1830-1959. We utilize individual-level longitudinal data from two geographically and socioeconomically different regions: the county of Scania in the very south of Sweden, and Västerbotten to the north. We use descriptive and multivariate analyses to investigate how determinants, such as age at marriage and socioeconomic status, affected the age at leaving the parental household over time and between different subgroups, such as sex and rural-urban setting. We show that the age at leaving the parental household was initially low but increased strongly during industrialization but fell again during the interwar period and onwards. Regional and subgroup differences in age at leaving the parental household were small throughout the investigated period, indicating that the development was general in nature. Therefore, we argue that our results indicate that different models governed the structures and norms of home leaving during our investigated period. More specifically, a pre-industrial model gradually shifted into an industrial model, with the latter one becoming dominant in the 1920s. In the pre-industrial model, leaving home was shaped by the life-cycle service system. In the industrial model, age at marriage instead became a main determinant of home leaving., the Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Foundation, grant number MAW 2019.0029, Jan Wallander’s and Tom Hedelius’ Foundation and Tore Browaldh Foundation (P18-0130), the Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences (RJ) for the program “The Rise and Fall of the Industrial City: Landskrona Population Study”, grant number M15-0173:1

This analysis examines the socioeconomic determinants of urbanization in Pakistan by using data from 1970 to 2020. For data estimation, an ARDL technique and error correction model is used. The main outcomes show that the variables gross domestic savings, inflation rate, industrialization, education, population growth rate, and GDP per capita are positively associated with urbanization, while the variables financial development and exports are negatively associated with urbanization in Pakistan. However, the impact of inflation rate, remittances, exports of goods and services and GDP per capita on urbanization is statistically insignificant. Considering the study outcomes, it is suggested that to control the increasing growth of urbanization in Pakistan, it is important to design policies to improve the basic necessities in rural areas and strengthen the agriculture sector to discourage rural-to-urban migration.

Ground water is well described through some physical and chemical characteristics viz temperature, pH, turbidity, electric conductivity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, total alkalinity, nitrates, chlorides, fluorides and metal ions like calcium, magnesium, iron etc. Ground water is commonly used as drinking water for human worldwide, be-cause it is quite economic, easy to use and less vulnerable to contamination than surface water. Nowadays, industrialization, urbanization, fast growth of civilization and increase in population have led to deterioration of the groundwater quality rapidly. Domestic and industrial discharge, landfills, improper drainage system, seepage through sewer lines, agricultural practices such as intense use of pesticides and fertilizers, uneven rain-fall and mismanagement are some of major causes for its pollution. Therefore, it is nec-essary that the quality of ground water should be checked regularly for some physical and chemical parameters as their presence in water above the permissible limit has a serious effect on human health. Hence assessment of physicochemical characteristics of ground water is very important for human health studies and therefore an important research topic in recent years. In the present work, physicochemical characteristics asso-ciated with ground water are reviewed along with their health effects.

QC 20230403

In this study, we examine the development of age at leaving the parental household in Sweden between the years 1830-1959. We utilize individual-level longitudinal data from two geographically and socioeconomically different regions: the county of Scania in the very south of Sweden, and Västerbotten to the north. We use descriptive and multivariate analyses to investigate how determinants, such as age at marriage and socioeconomic status, affected the age at leaving the parental household over time and between different subgroups, such as sex and rural-urban setting. We show that the age at leaving the parental household was initially low but increased strongly during industrialization but fell again during the interwar period and onwards. Regional and subgroup differences in age at leaving the parental household were small throughout the investigated period, indicating that the development was general in nature. Therefore, we argue that our results indicate that different models governed the structures and norms of home leaving during our investigated period. More specifically, a pre-industrial model gradually shifted into an industrial model, with the latter one becoming dominant in the 1920s. In the pre-industrial model, leaving home was shaped by the life-cycle service system. In the industrial model, age at marriage instead became a main determinant of home leaving., the Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Foundation, grant number MAW 2019.0029, Jan Wallander’s and Tom Hedelius’ Foundation and Tore Browaldh Foundation (P18-0130), the Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences (RJ) for the program “The Rise and Fall of the Industrial City: Landskrona Population Study”, grant number M15-0173:1

In this study, we examine the development of age at leaving the parental household in Sweden between the years 1830-1959. We utilize individual-level longitudinal data from two geographically and socioeconomically different regions: the county of Scania in the very south of Sweden, and Västerbotten to the north. We use descriptive and multivariate analyses to investigate how determinants, such as age at marriage and socioeconomic status, affected the age at leaving the parental household over time and between different subgroups, such as sex and rural-urban setting. We show that the age at leaving the parental household was initially low but increased strongly during industrialization but fell again during the interwar period and onwards. Regional and subgroup differences in age at leaving the parental household were small throughout the investigated period, indicating that the development was general in nature. Therefore, we argue that our results indicate that different models governed the structures and norms of home leaving during our investigated period. More specifically, a pre-industrial model gradually shifted into an industrial model, with the latter one becoming dominant in the 1920s. In the pre-industrial model, leaving home was shaped by the life-cycle service system. In the industrial model, age at marriage instead became a main determinant of home leaving., the Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Foundation, grant number MAW 2019.0029, Jan Wallander’s and Tom Hedelius’ Foundation and Tore Browaldh Foundation (P18-0130), the Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences (RJ) for the program “The Rise and Fall of the Industrial City: Landskrona Population Study”, grant number M15-0173:1

This study examines the changing conditions experienced by craftsmen during the initial phase of industrialization in Sweden. The dissolution of the guild system in 1846 and the implementation of freedom of trade in 1864 opened up the crafts to a labor market increasingly characterized by mobility as industrialization progressed. By investigating the spatial, economic, and social mobility of craftsmen in Stockholm 1878-1914, this study addresses the social consequences experienced by craftsmen during industrialization. To uncover the spatial and social mobility of craftsmen, the study utilizes the Rotemans archive. Leveraging the capabilities of the text editor program Emeditor, a method was devised to compile longitudinal datasets from the Rotemans archive, allowing for the observation of changes in occupational status and place of residence. These datasets were utilized to examine the social and spatial mobility of apprentices, journeymen, and masters. Furthermore, tax registers (mantalslängder) were used in conjunction with the Rotemans archive to reveal changes in income for a select group of craftsmen as they pursued different trajectories within Stockholm's labor market. Statistics from Bisos were also employed to determine whether there was a decline in the number of craftsmen in the city. It was concluded that the advancement of industrialization in Stockholm led to a process of social differentiation among craftsmen. Contrary to the overall trend in Sweden as a whole, the crafts in Stockholm experienced a period of decline from 1882 to 1896. As the number of positions within the crafts diminished, more craftsmen moved from the city or switched occupations. Social degradation was common, especially among masters. Craftsmen who endured the period of decline and managed to remain in Stockholm experienced upward social mobility to a greater extent. The question of why some craftsmen succeeded remains a topic for future research.

In this study, we examine the development of age at leaving the parental household in Sweden between the years 1830-1959. We utilize individual-level longitudinal data from two geographically and socioeconomically different regions: the county of Scania in the very south of Sweden, and Västerbotten to the north. We use descriptive and multivariate analyses to investigate how determinants, such as age at marriage and socioeconomic status, affected the age at leaving the parental household over time and between different subgroups, such as sex and rural-urban setting. We show that the age at leaving the parental household was initially low but increased strongly during industrialization but fell again during the interwar period and onwards. Regional and subgroup differences in age at leaving the parental household were small throughout the investigated period, indicating that the development was general in nature. Therefore, we argue that our results indicate that different models governed the structures and norms of home leaving during our investigated period. More specifically, a pre-industrial model gradually shifted into an industrial model, with the latter one becoming dominant in the 1920s. In the pre-industrial model, leaving home was shaped by the life-cycle service system. In the industrial model, age at marriage instead became a main determinant of home leaving., the Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Foundation, grant number MAW 2019.0029, Jan Wallander’s and Tom Hedelius’ Foundation and Tore Browaldh Foundation (P18-0130), the Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences (RJ) for the program “The Rise and Fall of the Industrial City: Landskrona Population Study”, grant number M15-0173:1

The present research work tackles the fabrication and assembly process of a 15 MW FOW platform, the X150, to produce a number of industrialization strategies for a project of 20 units (300 MW) in Golf du Lion, France. A comparison of automated welding vs manual welding fabrication line was developed that concluded that automation could bring cost benefits from the 9th unit, assuming fabrication is done in Spain. Additionally, shifting fabrication to China was studied and revealed a CAPEX reduction of over 14% in fabrication costs alone, leading to an over 12% reduction in LCOE compared to the base scenario in Spain. Moreover, a stackable method of transportation for the fully assembled floaters from China to the Port of Tarragona using a semi-submersible vessel was studied and the results indicate 0.3% LCOE reduction. Furthermore, the LCOE reduction potential of extending the lifetime of the project was analysed. A sensitivity analysis was developed to evaluate the effects of the variability of the discount rate on the industrialization strategies studied using discount rates of 8%, 10% and 12%. It was found that for discount rates larger than 9.7% the LCOE will in fact increase if the lifetime of the project is extended by 10 years, whereas the opposite happens for discount rates lower than 9.7%. For an 8% discount rate the maximum LCOE reduction achieved was 13.9%, whereas for the 10% and 12% discount rates the maximum reduction was 12.5% and 12.8%, respectively, El presente trabajo de investigación aborda el proceso de fabricación y ensamblaje de una plataforma FOW de 15 MW, el X150, para producir una serie de estrategias de industrialización para un proyecto de 20 unidades (300 MW) en Golf du Lion, Francia. Se desarrolló una comparación entre una línea de fabricación de soldadura automatizada y soldadura manual, que concluyó que la automatización podría generar beneficios económicos a partir de la novena unidad, suponiendo que la fabricación se realice en España. Además, se estudió el traslado de la fabricación a China, lo cual reveló una reducción del 14% en los costos de fabricación solo, lo que lleva a una reducción del 12% en el LCOE en comparación con el escenario base en España. Además, se estudió un método apilable de transporte para los flotadores completamente ensamblados desde China hasta el Puerto de Tarragona, y los resultados indican una reducción del 0.3% en el LCOE. Además, se analizó el potencial de reducción del LCOE al extender la vida útil del proyecto. Finalmente, se desarrolló un análisis de sensibilidad para evaluar los efectos de cambiar la tasa de descuento en las estrategias de industrialización estudiadas, utilizando tasas de descuento del 8%, 10% y 12%. Se encontró que para tasas de descuento superiores al 9.7%, el LCOE de hecho aumentará, mientras que lo contrario ocurre para tasas de descuento inferiores al 9.7%. Para una tasa de descuento del 8%, la reducción máxima del LCOE alcanzada fue del 13.9%, mientras que para las tasas de descuento del 10% y 12%, la reducción máxima fue del 12.5% y 12.8%, respectivamente, El present treball de recerca aborda el procés de fabricació i muntatge d’una plataforma FOW de 15 MW, el X150, per produir diverses estratègies d’industrialització per a un projecte de 20 unitats (300 MW) al Golf du Lion, França. Es va desenvolupar una comparació entre una línia de fabricació de soldadura automatitzada i soldadura manual, que va concloure que l’automatització podria comportar beneficis econòmics a partir de la novena unitat, suposant que la fabricació es realitzi a Espanya. A més, es va estudiar el trasllat de la fabricació a la Xina, la qual cosa va revelar una reducció del 14% en els costos de fabricació solament, el que comporta una reducció del 12% en el LCOE en comparació amb l’escenari base a Espanya. A més, es va estudiar un mètode apilable de transport per als flotadors completament muntats des de la Xina fins al Port de Tarragona, i els resultats indiquen una reducció del 0,3% en el LCOE. A més, es va analitzar el potencial de reducció del LCOE en allargar la vida útil del projecte. Finalment, es va desenvolupar una anàlisi de sensibilitat per avaluar els efectes del canvi en la taxa de descompte en les estratègies d’industrialització estudiades, utilitzant taxes de de- scompte del 8%, 10% i 12%. Es va concloure que per a taxes de descompte superiors al 9,7%, el LCOE de fet augmentarà, mentre que passa el contrari per a taxes de descompte inferiors al 9,7%. Per a una taxa de descompte del 8%, la reducció màxima del LCOE aconseguida va ser del 13,9%, mentre que per a les taxes de descompte del 10% i 12%, la reducció màxima va ser del 12,5% i 12,8%, respectivament

In this study, we examine the development of age at leaving the parental household in Sweden between the years 1830-1959. We utilize individual-level longitudinal data from two geographically and socioeconomically different regions: the county of Scania in the very south of Sweden, and Västerbotten to the north. We use descriptive and multivariate analyses to investigate how determinants, such as age at marriage and socioeconomic status, affected the age at leaving the parental household over time and between different subgroups, such as sex and rural-urban setting. We show that the age at leaving the parental household was initially low but increased strongly during industrialization but fell again during the interwar period and onwards. Regional and subgroup differences in age at leaving the parental household were small throughout the investigated period, indicating that the development was general in nature. Therefore, we argue that our results indicate that different models governed the structures and norms of home leaving during our investigated period. More specifically, a pre-industrial model gradually shifted into an industrial model, with the latter one becoming dominant in the 1920s. In the pre-industrial model, leaving home was shaped by the life-cycle service system. In the industrial model, age at marriage instead became a main determinant of home leaving., the Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Foundation, grant number MAW 2019.0029, Jan Wallander’s and Tom Hedelius’ Foundation and Tore Browaldh Foundation (P18-0130), the Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences (RJ) for the program “The Rise and Fall of the Industrial City: Landskrona Population Study”, grant number M15-0173:1

En 2022 se cumplen cincuenta años de la aprobación de la Convención sobre la protección del Patrimonio Mundial de UNESCO, efeméride que marcó el inicio de la consideración reciente del patrimonio cultural. Durante este periodo el patrimonio industrial se ha ido constituyendo como un asunto relevante en los estudios científicos españoles, pero condicionado por su conceptualización difusa, en el marco de una disciplina controvertida -la Arqueología Industrial- y con un objeto de estudio de compleja delimitación metodológica, cronológica y temática. En este contexto, la investigación científica sobre el legado de la industrialización contemporánea en España ha crecido exponencialmente durante las últimas décadas y arroja interesantes conclusiones sobre el carácter de los distintos estudios, su distribución territorial y temática o las diversas ramas de conocimiento que han participado en este proceso. Este trabajo realiza un estudio bibliométrico sobre las más de 1.600 obras publicadas sobre esta cuestión en estos cincuenta años y permite obtener resultados acerca de cómo, cuándo y desde qué perspectivas se ha abordado el estudio del patrimonio industrial español., 2022 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the approval of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, an event that marked the beginning of recent consideration of cultural heritage. During this period, industrial heritage has become a relevant issue in Spanish scientific studies, but conditioned by its diffuse conceptualization, within the framework of a controversial discipline -Industrial Archeology- and with a study object of complex methodological delimitation, chronological and thematic. In this context, scientific research on the legacy of contemporary industrialization in Spain has grown exponentially in recent decades and yields interesting conclusions about the nature of the different studies, their territorial and thematic distribution or the various branches of knowledge that have participated in them. This process. This work carries out a bibliometric study on the more than 1,600 works published on this issue in these fifty years and allows obtaining results about how, when and from what perspectives the study of Spanish industrial heritage has been approached.

Water quality of floodplain lakes in the Yangtze region which supports ca. 450 million people is being severely compromised by nutrient pollution, climate change and dam installation resulting from intensive socio-economic development. However, due to a lack of long-term monitoring data, the onset and causes of ecosystem degradation are unclear. Here, we used chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments in dated sediment cores from six lakes spanning the region to reconstruct changes in algae and cyanobacterial HAB (harmful algal bloom) taxa alongside sedimentary nutrient flux measurements and historical archives. Sedimentary N fluxes are linked to changes in agriculture, while urbanization has had greater influences on P fluxes. Over the last 70 years algal and N2-fixing HAB pigments increased markedly in lakes (Luhu, Wanghu) that are strongly influenced by urbanization/industrialization. Algal assemblages in two other lakes (Futou, Honghu) changed gradually and responded primarily to agriculture and associated N fluxes; diazotrophic HAB pigments were absent and the lakes retained macrophyte cover. Local dam installation had no discernible effect on pigment assemblages in three of the four lakes in the past 70 years, but in the two hydrologically-open lakes (Poyang, Dongting), increasing algal production was significantly related to the upstream installation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) and to urban/industrial and agricultural stressors. Temperature only influenced phototrophs in the most degraded lakes (Luhu, Wanghu). This spatial and temporal overview identifies that nutrient pollution is the primary regional driver of lake phototrophs, but that diazotrophic HABs are stimulated by P-enriched urban wastewater pollution, and agriculturally-derived N pollution favors non-N2-fixing cyanobacteria. Despite negative effects of the Three Gorges project, free connection to the river appears to help mitigate excess HABs in freely connected lakes. Managemen

Un cop desenvolupada la indústria al curs alt del riu Molinar, i que tant va ajudar a Alcoi en el seu progrés, la ciutat va aplegar a ser capçalera del clúster i de l’arc tèxtil Banyeres de Mariola-Alcoi-Cocentaina-Muro d’Alcoi-Ontinyent, aplegant a la seua cúspide als segles XVIII i XIX, posteriorment l’ús industrial d’aquesta conca que va inventar un sistema hidràulic per al funcionament dels molins ha quedat en total abandonament. Malgrat que són molts els projectes presentats per diverses persones per a la seua salvació, encara no s’ha pogut recuperar del tot, havent-se rehabilitat dues fàbriques de les vint totals. Actualment aquestes edificacions han quedat com a un vestigi de les antigues fàbriques que s’edificaren a la vall encaixada i donant lloc a una gran zona verda, a la que les persones acudeixen a visitar-la., Una vez desarrollada la industria en el curso alto del río Molinar, y que tanto ayudó a Alcoi en su progreso, la Ciudad llegó a ser cabecera del clúster y del arco textil Banyeres de Mariola-Alcoi-Cocentaina-Muro de Alcoy-Onteniente, llegando a su cúspide en los siglos XVIII y XIX, posteriormente el uso industrial de esta cuenca que inventó un sistema hidráulico para el funcionamiento de los molinos ha quedado en total abandono. Pese a que son muchos los proyectos presentados por varias personas para su salvación, todavía no se ha podido recuperar por completo, habiéndose rehabilitado dos fábricas de las veinte totales. Actualmente estas edificaciones han quedado como un vestigio de las antiguas fábricas que se edificaron en el valle encajado y dando lugar a una gran zona verde, a la que las personas acuden a visitarla., Uma vez que a indústria se desenvolveu no curso superior do rio Molinar, e que tanto ajudou Alcoi em seu progresso, a cidade tornou-se a cabeceira do aglomerado têxtil e arco Banyeres de Mariola-Alcoi-Cocentaina-Muro de Alcoy-Onteniente, chegando a seu auge nos séculos XVIII e XIX, posteriormente o uso industrial dessa bacia, que inventou um sistema hidráulico para o funcionamento dos moinhos, foi totalmente abandonado. Embora existam muitos projetos apresentados por várias pessoas para a sua salvação, ainda não foi totalmente recuperado, tendo reabilitado duas fábricas de um total de vinte. Actualmente estes edifícios têm permanecido como vestígios das antigas fábricas que foram construídas no vale embutido e dando origem a uma grande área verde, que as pessoas vêm visitar., Once the industry developed in the upper course of the Molinar river, and which helped Alcoi so much in its progress, the City became the head of the Banyeres de Mariola-Alcoi-Cocentaina-Muro de Alcoy-Onteniente textile cluster and arch, reaching At its peak in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, later the industrial use of this basin, which invented a hydraulic system for the operation of the mills, has been completely abandoned. Although there are many projects presented by various people for their salvation, it has not yet been fully recovered, having rehabilitated two factories out of the total twenty. Currently these buildings have remained as a vestige of the old factories that were built in the embedded valley and giving rise to a large green area, which people come to visit.

The progressive education movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century made terrific strides in modernizing and improving education for all races in Houston, Texas. This movement embraced a democratic platform of participation and engagement for all citizens, which affected America’s social, political, and economic future for decades and gave rise to many future movements. The root of progressive politics was in the participation of a diverse and active population, social progress, and industrial development, of which Houston had a plethora in the early goings of the twentieth century. Where did this progressive assault begin? Was it a grassroots or top-down approach? These are essential question to be developed. It is vital to investigate the events that led to the creation of the Houston Independent School District in 1876. The hiring of Dr. Edison Oberholtzer as the superintendent was the first step in rebuilding and modernizing an archaic education system in Houston. This event was not a sure thing, as his appointment did not occur without objections by some. Oberholtzer would see the Houston Independent School District through World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II before his tenure would end. Ultimately, the desegregation of Houston’s public schools required the courage and conviction of hundreds of people who had major roles in the process, and the fortitude of the thousands of students--both African American and White--who challenged years of racial prejudice and institutionalized segregation to accomplish this task. Still, the story of race relations and school desegregation in Houston, Texas, remains unfinished.

Do personal connections matter for the performance of commercial banks in the period of economic development and financial stress? In the 1890s, the Russian Empire, when undergoing rapid stateled industrialization, grew through foreign capital inflows into the national debt and through the state’s procurement of industrial output. In 1899, the inflow of foreign capital fell sharply, initiating a financial crisis and a recession in heavy industry. In response to the crisis, authorities introduced a law which removed bankers from the boards of companies. Using newly collected historical data, this paper finds that the banks which experienced greater distress during the crisis had more personal connections to heavy industrial companies, those that had been most stimulated by state policies to expand production in the 1890s. These banks also had more personal ties to top government officials, those who were closest to the epicenter of policymaking. In contrast, during the industrial development of the 1890s, banks’ personal connections to heavy industrial companies and top officials were positively related to bank performance. These findings suggest that well-connected bankers might fail to provide the valuable expertise and foresight that is expected from them in a time of crisis when decisive action is required to adapt to a rapidly changing economic environment.

Industrialization and the emergence of a manufacturing sector are generally perceived as key drivers for countries to see economic growth and increases in living standards. Only 200 years ago, most countries were relatively poor and had similarly low living standards. With industrialization and the growth of manufacturing, primarily Western countries pulled ahead and noticed sustained increases in living standards. Eventually, this process led to a divergence in economic performance. While today high-income economies are characterized by relatively larger firms that use novel production techniques based on the latest scientific advances, firms in low-income countries generally remain small and are less efficient.How did today’s high-income countries initially manage to start growing and industrializing? While existing explanations focus on the roles of, for example, institutions, trade, and technology, such aspects have generally not been analyzed at the level where economic growth occurred: the industrial firm. Consequently, understanding how (Western) firms managed to increase in size and productivity may also inform current debates.This thesis analyzes the causes of industrialization at the firm level. It studies how (some) manufacturing establishments managed to start growing, adopted new technologies, and learned to organize themselves more efficiently in late nineteenth-century Sweden. As such, the thesis focuses on the formative years of the Swedish economy when the country developed from being one of the poorest on Europe’s periphery into one of the fastest-growing economies worldwide. To do so, the study leverages newly digitized data that cover in unique detail the yearly performance of Swedish manufacturing firms.In four papers, the thesis shows how policies that generally have been perceived as key drivers of the industrialization process—e.g., general incorporation laws or tariff protection—enabled marginal establishments to grow, organize as factories

Cartilage is primarily composed of proteoglycans and collagen. Bioactive compounds derived from animal cartilage, such as chondroitin sulfate and type II collagen, have multiple bioactivities and are incorporated in popular health products. The aging population and increases in degenerative and chronic diseases will stimulate the rapid growth of market demand for cartilage products. Commercial production of bioactive compounds primarily involves the cartilages of mammals and poultry. However, these traditional sources are associated zoonosis concerns; thus, cartilage products from the by-products of fish processing has gained increasing attention because of their high level of safety and other activities. In this review, we summarize the current state of research into fish-derived cartilage products and their application, and discuss future trends and tasks to encourage further expansion and exploitation. At present, shark cartilage is the primary source of marine cartilage. However, the number of shark catches is decreasing worldwide, owing to overfishing. This review considers the potential alternative fish cartilage sources for industrialization. Three keys, the sustainable production of fish, new fish-processing model, and market demand, have been discussed for the future realization of efficient fish cartilage use. The industrialization of fish-derived cartilage products is beneficial for achieving sustainable development of local economies and society.

Design in Ecuador is a relatively young discipline that, more frequently, asks itself about its origins. Therefore, the question raises in the study of how and when it surges, if it was a consequence of a specific event or, otherwise, a result of the dialogue bet-ween various cultural and artistic movements which shape design practice and education. This research examines the origins of the design discipline in Ecuador. Also, it unders-tands that the intellectual field took part of this process. The consequence was a new space of dispositions and beliefs formed through a framework of discourses that linked design and craftsmanship within a socio-historical context -such as the Ecuadorian- marked by a continuous crisis of the ideals of the occidental Modernity. Also, this work describes the process originated with the arrival of Modern Architecture and Modern Art to Ecuador. This resulted in a crisis of the traditional forms of production and, at the same time, in a new way of understanding the material and visual cultures. A relationship between mo-dern design and craftsmanship surged as a consequence of a transcultural process. It star-ted a dialogue between these two cultural formations, from which emerged a set of prac-tices named indistinctly as design and exercised in the same way by architects and artists., O design no Equador é uma disciplina relativamente jovem que é mais frequen-temente questionada sobre suas origens. O problema está em estudar como e quando sur-ge, se foi produto de um acontecimento ou fruto de diversas correntes que foram consoli-dando tanto a prática quanto o ensino da profissão. Este trabalho questiona as origens do campo do design no Equador. Esta tese estuda suas origens a partir do campo intelectual e, a partir de um quadro discursivo, como se configurou um novo espaço de disposições e crenças que vinculou o design ao artesanato em um contexto sócio-histórico -como o equatoriano- marcado pela crise de implementação da ideia da Modernidade no Oci-dente. A partir daí, foi necessário voltar à chegada ao Equador da arquitetura e da arte modernas. Dessa forma, foi possível compreender como a crise das formas culturais levou a mudanças na forma de dar sentido ao material e ao visual. Como consequência, houve uma relação entre design moderno e artesanato, ambas formações culturais que, a partir de um processo de transculturação, entraram em diálogo. Daí surgiu um conjunto de prá-ticas denominadas indistintamente de design, e exercidas da mesma forma por artistas, arquitetos e artesãos., El diseño en Ecuador es una disciplina relativamente joven que con mayor frecuencia se pregunta por sus orígenes. El problema radica en estudiar cómo y cuándo surge, si fue producto de un acontecimiento o fruto de variadas corrientes que fueron consolidando tanto la práctica como la enseñanza de la profesión. Este trabajo interroga sobre los orígenes del campo del diseño en Ecuador. Esta tesis estudia sus orígenes desde el campo intelectual y, a partir de un entramado discursivo, cómo se fue configurando un nuevo espacio de disposiciones y creencias que vincularon al diseño con la artesanía en un contexto sociohistórico -como el ecuatoriano – marcado por la puesta en crisis de la idea de Modernidad en Occidente. Partiendo de ahí, fue necesario retroceder hasta la llegada al Ecuador de la arquitectura y del arte modernos. De esta forma, fue posible com-prender cómo la puesta en crisis de las formas culturales supuso cambios en la manera de dar significado lo material y visual. Como consecuencia, se produjo una relación entre el diseño moderno y la artesanía, ambas formaciones culturales que, a partir de un proceso de transculturación, entraron en un diálogo. De esto emergió un conjunto de prácticas denominadas indistintamente como diseño, y ejercidas de igual manera por artistas, ar-quitectos y artesanos.

The impact of the management, use of water and the industrialization process in the municipality of Jocotitlan, State of Mexico, between 1940-1980 is analyzed. In addition, are identified the disputes related to water appropriation between the ejido Los Reyes and the Pasteje Industrial Complex. For the analysis, 4 in-depth interviews were conducted, and archival documents were consulted. It was found that the ejido Los Reyes lived mainly two episodes that affected their agricultural production and access to water, the first with the irruption of the Industrial Complex to the municipality and the second with the second stage of water transfer to Mexico City. The results suggest that disputes over water control in the region are emerging processes that stem from the relationship between the institutions in charge of national water policy and hegemonic actors, whose interaction produces a space on regional scale., Se analiza el impacto que tuvo la gestión, aprovechamiento del agua y el proceso de industrialización en el municipio de Jocotitlán, Estado de México, entre 1940-1980. Además, se identifican las disputas relacionadas con la apropiación del agua protagonizadas por el ejido Los Reyes y el Complejo Industrial Pastejé. Para el análisis se realizaron cuatro entrevistas a profundidad y se consultaron documentos de archivo. Se encontró que el ejido Los Reyes vivió dos episodios que afectaron su producción agrícola y acceso al agua: la irrupción del Complejo Industrial al municipio y la segunda etapa de transferencia de agua al entonces Distrito Federal. Los resultados sugieren que las disputas por el control del agua en la región son procesos emergentes derivados de la relación entre las instituciones encargadas de la política hídrica nacional y actores hegemónicos, cuya interacción produce un espacio a escala regional.

Following a definition of development that brings back the role of productive capabilities and endorses structural change, this paper examines two key elements and their trends: industrialization and trade patterns. Through the analysis of economic factors covering the period 1980-2019, this paper aims to offer insights into the elements that have led to divergent development outcomes in China and Latin America, paying particular attention to the cases of Chile and Mexico. Indicators including yearly GDP growth, the share of the world GDP, and per-capita GDP will be used to show that China has outpaced Latin America in terms of growth. Moreover, it will also be demonstrated that while Latin America is experiencing a deindustrialization trend, evidenced by a decline in the manufacturing sector and low levels of high-technology exports, China has experienced rapid industrialization. Moreover, China's exports serve as an illustration of a country that transitioned from producing and exporting low-value manufactured items to more complex goods with higher added value, while Chile has not been able to leave behind its reliance on natural resources. In the case of Mexico, although its exports are not concentrated in primary commodities, they are built on a maquiladora model that relegates it to the bottom of industrial value chains., Adhiriéndose a una definición de desarrollo que recupera el papel de las capacidades productivas y que respalda el cambio estructural, este artículo examina dos elementos clave y sus tendencias: industrialización y patrones comerciales. A través del análisis de factores económicos durante el período 1980-2019, el objetivo es presentar ideas sobre los elementos que han generado resultados de desarrollo divergentes en China y América Latina, prestando especial atención a los casos de Chile y México. Utilizando el crecimiento anual del PIB, la participación en el PIB mundial y el PIB per cápita se demostrará que China ha superado a América Latina en términos de crecimiento. También se demostrará que mientras América Latina está experimentando una tendencia a la desindustrialización, evidenciada por una caída en el sector manufacturero y bajos niveles de exportaciones de alta tecnología, China ha experimentado una rápida industrialización. Además, las exportaciones de China sirven como ejemplo de un país que pasó de producir y exportar artículos manufacturados de bajo valor añadido a bienes más complejos, mientras que Chile no ha podido dejar atrás su dependencia de los recursos naturales. En el caso de México, si bien sus exportaciones no se concentran en productos primarios, se construyen sobre un modelo basado en las maquiladoras que relega al país a las posiciones más bajas de las cadenas de valor industriales.

In last decades, neoliberal models of South Korea and Chile have been celebrated as exemplifier models of economic success. Nonetheless, both countries were criticized due the existence of military governments before their economic growth. We argue as hypothesis the reforms and design of new economic benchmarking process in both regimes explains the observed economic success. Concretely, both reforms follow their respectively Path Dependence: meanwhile Park implements an Export Oriented Industrialization (EOI) using Five Years Plans as a base, Pinochet returns to a Primary Exports Model (PEM) combining a closed economy monetarism (1973-1981) to pass just after to an open economy deindustrialization (1982-1989). Due both strategies and path dependencies are different, results will differ concerning WHEN economic growth occurs: with Park, will occur during his government; in the case of Pinochet, after his scavenging., En las últimas décadas, los modelos económicos neoliberales de Corea del Sur y Chile han sido celebrados como casos de éxito. Sin embargo, a ambos países se les critica la existencia de gobiernos militares previos al crecimiento antes aludido.Proponemos como hipótesis de trabajo que los procesos de reforma y diseño de las nuevas reglas del juego en ambos regímenes es la explicación del éxito económico observado. En concreto, las reformas se orientan a seguir las sendas de dependencia de cada país: mientras que con Park se implementa una Industrialización Orientada a las Exportaciones (IOE) tomando como base la planificación quinquenal, Pinochet retorna al modelo primario exportador combinando un monetarismo de economía cerrada (1973-1981) para luego dar paso a una desindustrialización de economía abierta (1982-1989). Al ser ambas estrategias y sendas de dependencia diferentes, los resultados difieren respecto a cuándo ocurre y a la estabilidad del crecimiento económico: en el caso de Park fue durante su gobierno; en el caso de Pinochet, luego a su salida del poder.

This article aims to analyze the particular situation of podcast production in Argentina between 2019 and 2020. To carry out this investigation, we considered the content, its commercialization, its distribution, and its modes of production. What makes this analysis relevant is the current moment or state of podcast production in Latin America and, specifically, in Argentina. Sellas and Bonet (2019) consider podcasts to be non-industrialized cultural productions. Our investigation adopts a descriptive methodology to describe, analyze, and categorize the models studied in each case study (nine, in all). We use two main methods of gathering information: analysis of contents and features in apps, user profiles, websites, and other spaces; and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with key actors. This article finds that podcasts have entered the digital radio ecosystem as cultural products that are rarely made in a professional, profitable manner. In the Argentine context, even the most popular podcasts have amateur or self-financed production values, due to the difficulty of generating revenue. This leads to contents with a mostly conversational aesthetic, with little investment in narrative formats. Spotify emerges as a key platform and a double-edged sword for industrialization and professionalization: it can open podcasts up to a wider audience, but it also makes them extremely reliant on the financing and production models of the local market., Este artigo pretende analisar a situação particular da produção de podcast na Argentina entre 2019 e 2020. Para realizar este trabalho, são levados em consideração as arestas relacionadas ao conteúdo, sua comercialização, sua distribuição e seus modos de produção. A relevância de analisar essa questão está ligada ao estado ou momento em que se encontra a produção de podcasts na América Latina em geral e na Argentina em particular. Sellas e Bonet (2019) consideram o podcast como uma produção cultural não industrializada.Este trabalho adota uma metodologia descritiva que permite descrições, análises e categorizações dos modelos estudados nos casos analisados (nove). São utilizados dois métodos principais de obtenção de informação sobre o objeto em questão: a análise de conteúdos e elementos dos espaços estudados (apps, perfis em plataformas e sites) e entrevistas semi-estruturadas em profundidade com diferentes atores-chave. O artigo constata que o podcast está inserido no ecossistema do rádio digital como uma produção cultural excepcionalmente profissional e rentável. Na Argentina, mesmo nas produtoras mais relevantes, a produção é realizada de forma amadora ou voluntária devido às dificuldades de geração de renda. Isso resulta em conteúdo principalmente conversacional e pouco investimento em formatos narrativos. O Spotify aparece como um ator chave de dois gumes neste processo de industrialização e profissionalização: tem a capacidade de ampliar o alcance, mas também de gerar extrema dependência dos modelos de financiamento e produção do mercado local., Este artículo se propone analizar la situación particular de la producción de podcast en la Argentina entre los años 2019 y 2020. Para realizar ese trabajo se toman en cuenta aristas relacionadas a los contenidos, su comercialización, su distribución y sus modos de producción. La relevancia de analizar esta cuestión está ligada al estado o momento en el que se encuentra la producción de podcasts en América Latina en general y en la Argentina en particular. Sellas y Bonet (2019) consideran al podcast como una producción cultural no industrializada. Este trabajo toma una metodología descriptiva adoptada que permite realizar descripciones, análisis y categorizaciones de los modelos estudiados en los casos analizados (nueve). Se utilizan dos métodos principales de obtención de información sobre el objeto en cuestión: el análisis de contenido y elementos de los espacios estudiados (apps, perfiles en plataformas y webs) y entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad con distintos actores clave. El artículo encuentra que el podcast se inserta en el ecosistema radiofónico digital como una producción cultural que excepcionalmente se realiza de manera profesional y rentable. En el ámbito argentino, aún en las productoras más relevantes la producción se realiza de manera amateur o voluntaria por dificultades para la generación de ingreso. Esto redunda en unos contenidos principalmente conversacionales y poca inversión en formatos narrativos. Spotify aparece como un actor clave y de doble filo en este proceso de industrialización y profesionalización: tiene la capacidad de ampliar la llegada, pero también de generar una extrema dependencia en los modelos de financiamiento y producción del mercado local.

This article pretends to analyze the development of postwar Japan, what is known as its "second modernization", using both historiographical sources and literary essays as a historical source since literary works are a reflection of the society in a certain historical moment. In this manner, they can both produce and reproduce existing inequalities of power, or in contrast, propose another possible reality opposed to the current world. Furthermore, essays written by the Japanese author Yukio Mishima (1925-1970) and by the Costa Rican Hilda Chen-Apuy (1923-2017) are used, evidencing that they were questioners of the social, historical, and cultural reality of the modernization of post-war Japan, but from unequal perspectives and with different interests, which is directly related to their lives, ideals, beliefs, and values., Este artículo pretende analizar el desarrollo del Japón de la posguerra, lo que se conoce como su “segunda modernización”, mediante el uso de fuentes historiográficas y la literatura tipo ensayos puesto que, las obras literarias son un reflejo de la sociedad en la que se encuentran inmersas en un determinado momento histórico; de esta manera, pueden tanto producir y reproducir las desigualdades de poder existentes, o en cambio, proponer otra realidad posible opuesta al mundo vigente. De esta forma, se analizan ensayos elaborados por el autor japonés Yukio Mishima (1925-1970), y por la costarricense Hilda Chen-Apuy (1923-2017), los cuales evidencian los cuestionamientos de la realidad social, histórico y cultural del Japón de la posguerra -de su modernización- pero, desde perspectivas desiguales y con intereses distintos, lo cual está directamente relacionado a sus vidas, ideales, creencias y valores.

This is a publication on the results of the final work of Hilda Iparraguirre and Ofelia Pianetto's Bachelor's Degree in History at the National University of Córdoba. The final work was entitled "Aportaciones al estudio de la formación de la clase obrera en Córdoba, en el período 1870-1895", was directed by Ceferino Garzón Maceda and was defended on April 27, 1967. In this work the object of study is constituted by the urban proletariat of Córdoba, analyzing the transformations that took place from the incipient industrialization at the end of the 19th century. The gradual dislocation of the artisan social group and its transformation into an urban proletariat is documented, based on an exhaustive examination of the different forms of organization, ideologies and political affiliations, which are interpreted as part of a process of becoming aware of their interests. The sources consulted are: books, pamphlets, statutes of mutual and trade union organizations, documents of the Government and Police section of the Provincial Historical Archive of Córdoba, documents of the Municipality and Deliberative Council, published sources such as national and municipal censuses, compilation of laws and decrees of the province and statistical records, newspapers and periodicals of the time and private archives of different associations., Se trata de una publicación sobre los resultados del trabajo final de Licenciatura en Historia por la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba de las autoras Hilda Iparraguirre y Ofelia Pianetto. La tesis se tituló “Aportaciones al estudio de la formación de la clase obrera en Córdoba, en el período 1870-1895”, estuvo dirigida por Ceferino Garzón Maceda y fue defendida el 27 de abril de 1967. En este trabajo el objeto de estudio está constituido por el proletariado urbano de Córdoba, analizando las transformaciones que se produjeron a partir de la incipiente industrialización de fines del siglo XIX. Se documenta la paulatina dislocación del grupo social artesanal y su transformación en proletariado urbano, a partir de un examen exhaustivo de las diferentes formas de organización, ideologías y adscripciones políticas, que son interpretadas como parte de un proceso de toma de conciencia de sus intereses. Las fuentes consultadas son: libros, panfletos, estatutos de organizaciones mutuales y sindicales, documentos de la sección Gobierno y Policía del Archivo Histórico Provincial de Córdoba, documentos de la Municipalidad y Consejo Deliberante, fuentes éditas como censos nacionales y municipales, recopilación de leyes y decretos de la provincia y registros estadísticos, diarios y periódicos de la época y archivos privados de distintas asociaciones.

The impact of the management, use of water and the industrialization process in the municipality of Jocotitlan, State of Mexico, between 1940-1980 is analyzed. In addition, are identified the disputes related to water appropriation between the ejido Los Reyes and the Pasteje Industrial Complex. For the analysis, 4 in-depth interviews were conducted, and archival documents were consulted. It was found that the ejido Los Reyes lived mainly two episodes that affected their agricultural production and access to water, the first with the irruption of the Industrial Complex to the municipality and the second with the second stage of water transfer to Mexico City. The results suggest that disputes over water control in the region are emerging processes that stem from the relationship between the institutions in charge of national water policy and hegemonic actors, whose interaction produces a space on regional scale., Se analiza el impacto que tuvo la gestión, aprovechamiento del agua y el proceso de industrialización en el municipio de Jocotitlán, Estado de México, entre 1940-1980. Además, se identifican las disputas relacionadas con la apropiación del agua protagonizadas por el ejido Los Reyes y el Complejo Industrial Pastejé. Para el análisis se realizaron cuatro entrevistas a profundidad y se consultaron documentos de archivo. Se encontró que el ejido Los Reyes vivió dos episodios que afectaron su producción agrícola y acceso al agua: la irrupción del Complejo Industrial al municipio y la segunda etapa de transferencia de agua al entonces Distrito Federal. Los resultados sugieren que las disputas por el control del agua en la región son procesos emergentes derivados de la relación entre las instituciones encargadas de la política hídrica nacional y actores hegemónicos, cuya interacción produce un espacio a escala regional.

En aquest treball analitzarem les intervencions teòriques d’algunes figures rellevants del segle XX. Aquestes figures estaran enquadrades en diferents tradicions intel·lectuals i en camps disciplinars molt diversos. Tot i això, en totes elles podrem detectar la presència d'un cert neoromanticisme. Aquesta serà la nostra hipòtesi. Bategarà en tots els autors aquí analitzats un mateix desassossec davant la tecnificació-mecanització del món, encara que ho expressin amb llenguatges i conceptes diferents., In this paper we will analyze the theoretical interventions of some relevant figures of the 20th century. Such figures will be framed in different intellectual traditions and in very diverse disciplinary fields. However, in all of them we can detect the presence of a certain neo-romanticism. That will be our hypothesis. All the authors analyzed here will be affected by the same uneasiness in the face of the technification-mechanization of the world, although they express it with different languages and concepts., En este trabajo analizaremos las intervenciones teóricas de algunas figuras relevantes del siglo XX. Tales figuras estarán encuadradas en distintas tradiciones intelectuales y en campos disciplinares muy diversos. Sin embargo, en todas ellas podremos detectar la presencia de un cierto neorromanticismo. Esa será nuestra hipótesis. Latirá en todos los autores aquí analizados un mismo desasosiego ante la tecnificación-mecanización del mundo, aunque lo expresen con lenguajes y conceptos diferentes.

Alfonso Brunet was a civil engineer born in San Sebastian into a family of industrialists, merchants and bankers, who built and started up the first hydraulically powered esparto-making factory in Cieza in 1867. We study his life history, that of his family and the history of this factory, which is still preserved in Cieza and which we claim as industrial heritage of our city., Alfonso Brunet fue un ingeniero civil nacido en San Sebastián en el seno de una familia de industriales, comerciantes y banqueros, que construyó y puso en marcha en Cieza la primera fábrica de elaborar esparto movida por fuerza hidráulica en 1867. Estudiamos su trayectoria vital, la de su familia y la historia de esta fábrica, que todavía se conserva en Cieza y la que reivindicamos como patrimonio industrial de nuestra ciudad.AbstractAlfonso Brunet was a civil engineer born in San Sebastian into a family of industrialists, merchants and bankers, who built and started up the first hydraulically powered esparto-making factory in Cieza in 1867. We study his life history, that of his family and the history of this factory, which is still preserved in Cieza and which we claim as industrial heritage of our city.

With the opening of Japan after the success of Meiji Revolution the international relationships taken great importance, the principal powers rushed to have beneficial commercial and advice treatrys. In these context, Spain was been in a privilege situation to establish diplomatic relations, this by the possessions of Spain had in the Pacific, oportunity had been wasted in the first moment. Afraid a similar destiny that Chinesse Empire, the new Meiji goberment began a modernization procedure, in less that 50 years, would take them to win one european power in a war (Russo-Japanise War 1904-1905). Analising the documentation founded in archives, as the National Historic Archive, and making one large interpretation of the facts, in the metodologic line using in the “Global History” studies, we will search meet this important process, success and fails, has been essentials in the international relationship between Spain And Japan. This investigation pretent to give a new vision in the international relationships in Oriental Asia at the finals of XIX century, give to meet details until now unknow, generate new questions to impulse to enlarge the knowledge, definibly, open a 'new road' of investigation en the Oriental Asia Studies, in this case, the international relationships between Spain and Japan., Con la apertura de Japón tras el triunfo de la Revolución Meijí las relaciones internacionales tomaron gran importancia y las principales potencias se apresuraron para obtener beneficiosos tratados comerciales y de asesoramiento. En este contexto, España se encontraba en una situación privilegiada para entablar relaciones diplomáticas, debido a las posesiones que la monarquía seguía manteniendo en el pacífico, oportunidad que sería desaprovechada en un primer momento. Temiendo un destino similar al del Imperio Chino, los nuevos gobernantes Meijí emprenden un proceso de modernización que, en menos de 50 años, les llevaría a derrotar a una potencia europea en una guerra (Guerra Ruso-Japonesa 1904-1905). Analizando la documentación encontrada en diversos archivos, como el Archivo Histórico Nacional, y realizando una interpretación más amplia de los hechos, en la línea metodológica empleada en los estudios de la “Historia Global”, buscaremos conocer a fondo este importante proceso, sus éxitos y fracasos, que serán vitales para las relaciones internacionales entre España y Japón. Esta investigación pretende aportar una nueva visión de las relaciones internacionales en Asia Oriental a finales del siglo XIX, dar a conocer detalles hasta ahora desconocidos, generar nuevas preguntas que motiven a ampliar el conocimiento, en definitiva, abrir una 'nueva senda' de investigación en los estudios sobre Asia Oriental, siendo en este caso, las relaciones entre España y Japón, el área de estudio.

Research focused on reconstructing the environmental history of the state of Morelos from presenting the conformation of urban and industrial metabolisms during the period 1980 to 2021. From the materialist perspective of history, the imaginary of sustainability and critical marxist geography, it was possible to identify the main variables that drive the historical process of industrialization and urbanization in the state of Morelos;which allowed to know the dynamics and historical trends of the Morelos territory, based on the environmental implications that have been generated., El estudio se enfocó en reconstruir la historia ambiental del estado de Morelos a partir de presentar la conformación de los metabolismos urbanos e industriales durante el periodo 1980 a 2021. Desde la perspectiva materialista de la historia, los imaginarios de la sustentabilidad y la geografía crítica marxista, se logró identificar las principales variables que impulsan el proceso histórico de la industrialización y urbanización del estado de Morelos; lo cual permitió conocer las dinámicas y tendencias históricos del territorio morelense, en función de las implicancias ambientales que se han generado

The article analyzes the process of place identity construction in the Coronel Bay in the Bío-Bío Region in Chile in the context of recent industrialization processes. The concept of the sacrifice zone is adopted to characterize the trajectory of socio-environmental devastation taken place in the territory. The study focuses on three industrial milestones settled since the productive reconversion launched in the 1990s. From a perspective of hybrid environmental history and with a strong component in the analysis of contemporary processes, an ethnographic approach was taken. This included interviews and document review, seeking to establish a dialogue between the qualitative sources and aframework of broader socio-historical processes.An ethnographic approach is used by means of interviews and document review. It was observed that the identity narratives adopt a “residual” character related to the socio-environmental deterioration and the well-being of the residents., El artículo analiza el proceso de construcción de identidad de lugar en la Bahía de Coronel en la Región del Bío-Bío en Chile en el contexto de industrialización reciente. Se adopta el concepto de zona de sacrificio para caracterizar la trayectoria de devastación socio-ambiental producida en el territorio. El estudio se focaliza en torno a tres referentes industriales implementados a partir de la reconversión productiva puesta en marcha en la década de 1990. Desde una perspectiva de historia ambiental híbrida y con un fuerte componente en el análisis de procesos contemporáneos, se utilizó un enfoque etnográfico que incluyó la realización de entrevistas y revisión de documentos, buscando poner en diálogo las fuentes cualitativas con un marco de procesos sociohistóricos más amplios. Se observó que las narrativas de identidad adoptan un carácter “residual” relacionado con el deterioro socio -ambiental y del bienestar de los residentes.

In this article, the discourse about women and femininity in three industries in the province of Concepción is analyzed: la Compañía Carbonífera e Industrial de Lota, Compañía Refinería de Azúcar de Viña del Mar-Penco and Siderúrgica de Huachipato. Based on a comparative exercise of what is contained in the internal information media of each of these industries, the existence of an ideal of femininity is recognized. This, indicates that the heads of industry was disseminated among women with the aim that they contribute to the development and consolidation of paternalistic practices, in which the domestic and the private space were transformed into spaces for industrial intervention., En este artículo se analiza el discurso existente sobre las mujeres y lo femenino en tres industrias de la provincia de Concepción: la Compañía Carbonífera e Industrial de Lota, Compañía Refinera de Azúcar de Viña del Mar-Penco y la Siderúrgica de Huachipato. A partir de un ejercicio comparativo de lo contenido en los órganos de difusión interna de cada una de estas industrias, se reconoce la existencia de un ideal de feminidad común que los jefes de industria difundieron entre las mujeres con el objetivo de que estas contribuyeran al desarrollo y consolidación de prácticas paternalistas, en que lo doméstico y lo privado se transformaron en espacios de intervenciónindustrial.

Following a definition of development that brings back the role of productive capabilities and endorses structural change, this paper examines two key elements and their trends: industrialization and trade patterns. Through the analysis of economic factors covering the period 1980-2019, this paper aims to offer insights into the elements that have led to divergent development outcomes in China and Latin America, paying particular attention to the cases of Chile and Mexico. Indicators including yearly GDP growth, the share of the world GDP, and per-capita GDP will be used to show that China has outpaced Latin America in terms of growth. Moreover, it will also be demonstrated that while Latin America is experiencing a deindustrialization trend, evidenced by a decline in the manufacturing sector and low levels of high-technology exports, China has experienced rapid industrialization. Moreover, China's exports serve as an illustration of a country that transitioned from producing and exporting low-value manufactured items to more complex goods with higher added value, while Chile has not been able to leave behind its reliance on natural resources. In the case of Mexico, although its exports are not concentrated in primary commodities, they are built on a maquiladora model that relegates it to the bottom of industrial value chains., Adhiriéndose a una definición de desarrollo que recupera el papel de las capacidades productivas y que respalda el cambio estructural, este artículo examina dos elementos clave y sus tendencias: industrialización y patrones comerciales. A través del análisis de factores económicos durante el período 1980-2019, el objetivo es presentar ideas sobre los elementos que han generado resultados de desarrollo divergentes en China y América Latina, prestando especial atención a los casos de Chile y México. Utilizando el crecimiento anual del PIB, la participación en el PIB mundial y el PIB per cápita se demostrará que China ha superado a América Latina en términos de crecimiento. También se demostrará que mientras América Latina está experimentando una tendencia a la desindustrialización, evidenciada por una caída en el sector manufacturero y bajos niveles de exportaciones de alta tecnología, China ha experimentado una rápida industrialización. Además, las exportaciones de China sirven como ejemplo de un país que pasó de producir y exportar artículos manufacturados de bajo valor añadido a bienes más complejos, mientras que Chile no ha podido dejar atrás su dependencia de los recursos naturales. En el caso de México, si bien sus exportaciones no se concentran en productos primarios, se construyen sobre un modelo basado en las maquiladoras que relega al país a las posiciones más bajas de las cadenas de valor industriales.

Given the European building stock’s current size and state, its potential to be renovated up to an energy-neutral quality is getting much attention, contributing to energy transition and other sustainable and societal benefits. To tackle this potential, both the number of buildings that undergo renovation and the amount of the resulting energy savings need to increase. Industrialization and prefabrication of renovation are effective strategies to improve productivity, achieve high energy performance and minimize on-site construction time. This chapter investigates current practices and future potential for industrialized renovation of the building envelope. The definitions and application of industrialized techniques in the design and construction of renovation are discussed, particularly regarding the renovation process and design concepts. Finally, the chapter provides an outlook on essential aspects for the future implementation of industrialized building envelope retrofit. Understanding current practices and how to improve industrialized renovation is instrumental to the upscaling of renovation that leads to the decarbonization of the building stock., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Building Product Innovation, Design of Constrution

Cartilage is primarily composed of proteoglycans and collagen. Bioactive compounds derived from animal cartilage, such as chondroitin sulfate and type II collagen, have multiple bioactivities and are incorporated in popular health products. The aging population and increases in degenerative and chronic diseases will stimulate the rapid growth of market demand for cartilage products. Commercial production of bioactive compounds primarily involves the cartilages of mammals and poultry. However, these traditional sources are associated zoonosis concerns; thus, cartilage products from the by-products of fish processing has gained increasing attention because of their high level of safety and other activities. In this review, we summarize the current state of research into fish-derived cartilage products and their application, and discuss future trends and tasks to encourage further expansion and exploitation. At present, shark cartilage is the primary source of marine cartilage. However, the number of shark catches is decreasing worldwide, owing to overfishing. This review considers the potential alternative fish cartilage sources for industrialization. Three keys, the sustainable production of fish, new fish-processing model, and market demand, have been discussed for the future realization of efficient fish cartilage use. The industrialization of fish-derived cartilage products is beneficial for achieving sustainable development of local economies and society.

The introduction of Human-Robot Collaboration assembly (HRC) adds complexity when designing layouts, as e.g. new safety and security issues need to be considered. In this paper, the usefulness of digital tools, such as simulation and emulation tools, to support the transdisciplinary activities in an integrated product and production development process for HRC layouts, is explored. The empirical findings was collected through interactive workshops between industrial experts and researchers, developing and analyzing challenges and needs while using digital tools. The conclusions indicate a need for an understanding of the cost drivers when utilizing digital tools, and how the reuse of digital models and knowledge can reduce development time and cost. This includes understanding of how new versions of digital tools may drive costs. Four important activities while designing a HRC layout, utilizing a digitalized production preparation process, were identified. It was also found that an efficient and reliable assessment method related to different regulations and standards is needed to support the selection and use of digital tools when designing a HRC layout.

This research explores the study of Martin Amis’s Einstein’s Monsters to exhibit the philosophical concept of dystopia or anti-utopia. With the abundant evidence from stories and an essay which are collected in Einstein’s Monsters, the researcher comes to find out that utopia cannot be maintained by Europeans due to several reasons, for instance, the proliferation of nuclear nukes, escalation of science and technology and many more. In doing so, the researcher has brought the concept of Krishan Kumar and M. Keith Booker. The theoretical concept of ‘anti-utopia’ is proposed by Krishan Kumar’s Utopia and Anti-Utopia in Modern Times. Simultaneously, the concept of 'cacotopia’ is proposed by M. Keith Booker. This research paper focuses on the five stories namely "Bujak and the Strong Force,” “Insight at Flame Lake,” “The Time Disease,” “The Little Puppy That Could” and “The Immortals" where these stories portray the post-nuclear apocalyptic vision which demonstrates the philosophical concept of dystopia.

The main objective is to investigate the short-term and lasting non-linear effects of foreign direct investment and industrialization in Pakistan on environmental degradation. The nonlinear autoregressive lag method has been used to analyze the short and long run relationship. Overseas direct funding and Industrialization are split into superb and poor options to find out non-linear dating with CO2. In long run, an increase in foreign direct investment will have a significant impact on CO2 emissions, but a decrease in foreign direct investment will have a negative and small impact. The development of industrialization had a significant impact on CO2 emissions, although the decline of industrialization had a negative and small effect. The government should issue environmental regulations for industrial zones. Innovative administrative and business premises in the workplace are essential to control the pollution caused by imaginative innovation. Foreign financial investors must adopt guidelines and restrictions to search for harmless ecosystems.

This research explores the study of Martin Amis’s Einstein’s Monsters to exhibit the philosophical concept of dystopia or anti-utopia. With the abundant evidence from stories and an essay which are collected in Einstein’s Monsters, the researcher comes to find out that utopia cannot be maintained by Europeans due to several reasons, for instance, the proliferation of nuclear nukes, escalation of science and technology and many more. In doing so, the researcher has brought the concept of Krishan Kumar and M. Keith Booker. The theoretical concept of ‘anti-utopia’ is proposed by Krishan Kumar’s Utopia and Anti-Utopia in Modern Times. Simultaneously, the concept of 'cacotopia’ is proposed by M. Keith Booker. This research paper focuses on the five stories namely "Bujak and the Strong Force,” “Insight at Flame Lake,” “The Time Disease,” “The Little Puppy That Could” and “The Immortals" where these stories portray the post-nuclear apocalyptic vision which demonstrates the philosophical concept of dystopia.

The main objective is to investigate the short-term and lasting non-linear effects of foreign direct investment and industrialization in Pakistan on environmental degradation. The nonlinear autoregressive lag method has been used to analyze the short and long run relationship. Overseas direct funding and Industrialization are split into superb and poor options to find out non-linear dating with CO2. In long run, an increase in foreign direct investment will have a significant impact on CO2 emissions, but a decrease in foreign direct investment will have a negative and small impact. The development of industrialization had a significant impact on CO2 emissions, although the decline of industrialization had a negative and small effect. The government should issue environmental regulations for industrial zones. Innovative administrative and business premises in the workplace are essential to control the pollution caused by imaginative innovation. Foreign financial investors must adopt guidelines and restrictions to search for harmless ecosystems.

En ökad konkurrens i flera branscher medför större krav på företagen inom dessa, där de behöver lansera sina produkter i en snabbare takt för att förbli konkurrenskraftiga. Tiden det tar för ett företag att börja utveckla en produkt tills att den kan lanseras på marknaden, ergo Time-To-Market (TTM), är ett av de mätetal som företag idag behöver förbättra. Denna studie var på uppdrag av konsultbolaget Combitech AB, där en fallstudie genomfördes på Epiroc Rock Drill AB i Örebro, en av deras kunder. Undersökningen syftade till att undersöka hur tiden för industrialisering kan reduceras inom en monteringslina på divisionen Operations Epiroc URE genom att implementera arbetssättet Model Based Definition (MBD). Detta är ett arbetssätt där ingenjörs- och affärsprocesser hanteras med hjälp av 3D-modeller. Utöver tiden för industrialisering beaktades även aspekterna kostnader, kvalitet och hållbarhet. Genomförandet av studien inleddes med en datainsamling inom två olika delar. Den första delen är Epirocs nulägesbeskrivning, där data angående den nuvarande arbetsprocessen inom den undersökta monteringslinan eftersöks. Den andra delen är MBD och dess användning, där data angående de olika fördelar och utmaningar som generellt följer av arbetssättet eftersöks. Utifrån all insamlade data genomfördes sedan en kvalitativ dataanalys för att identifiera kopplingar mellan Epirocs utmaningar och de olika fördelarna som MBD kan bidra med. Resultaten visar att MBD kan bidra till kortare tid för industrialisering, lägre kostnader och en förbättrad hållbarhet för Epiroc utan att deras produktkvalitet kompromissas. Några faktorer som bidrar till detta är att; tvetydigheter kan reduceras, olika aktiviteter i produktutvecklingsprocessen kan genomföras parallellt och tvärfunktionellt samt att fel och problem kan upptäckas tidigare i processen. En utmaning som har identifierats med att implementera MBD är att det kräver en god företagskultur där det gäller att få med sig hela organisationen, Increased competition in several industries entails greater requirements on companies in these, where they need to launch their products at a faster pace in order to remain competitive. The time it takes for a company to start developing a product until it can be launched on the market, ergo Time-To-Market (TTM), is one of the metrics companies today need to improve. This study was commissioned by the consulting company Combitech AB, where a case study was conducted at Epiroc Rock Drill AB in Örebro, one of their customers. The study aimed to investigate how the time for industrialisation can be reduced within an assembly line in the Operations Epiroc URE division by implementing the Model Based Definition (MBD) approach. This is a way of working where engineering and business processes are handled using 3D models. In addition to the time of industrialisation, the aspects of cost, quality and sustainability were also considered. The implementation of the study began with a data collection in two different parts. The first part is description of the current situation at Epiroc, where data regarding the current work process within the examined assembly line is collected. The second part is MBD and its use, where data regarding the various benefits and challenges that generally follow from the working method are collected. Based on collected data, a qualitative data analysis was carried out to identify links between Epiroc's challenges and the various benefits that MBD can contribute. The results show that MBD can contribute to shorter time for industrialization, lower costs and improved durability for Epiroc without compromising their product quality. Some factors that contribute to this are that ambiguities are reduced; the work can take place both in parallel and cross-functionally and that errors and problems can be detected earlier in the process. A challenge that has been identified with implementing MBD is that it requires a good corporate culture where it is