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Nanogenerators and self-powered nanosensors have shown the potential to power low-consumption electronics and human-machine interfaces, but their practical implementation requires reliable, environmentally friendly and scalable processes for manufacturing and processing. Furthermore, the emerging flexible and wearable electronics technology demands direct fabrication onto innovative substrates such as paper and plastics typically incompatible with high process temperatures. This article presents a plasma synthesis approach for the fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and self-powered sensors on paper substrates. Polycrystalline ZnO nanocolumnar thin films are deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition on common paper supports using a microwave electron cyclotron resonance reactor working at room temperature yielding high growth rates and low structural and interfacial stresses. Applying Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation, we elucidate the basic shadowing mechanism behind the characteristic microstructure and porosity of the ZnO thin films, relating them to an enhanced piezoelectric response to periodic and random inputs. The piezoelectric devices are assembled by embedding the ZnO films in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and using Au thin layers as electrodes in two different configurations, namely laterally and vertically contacted devices. We present the response of the laterally connected devices as a force sensor for low-frequency events with different answers to the applied force depending on the impedance circuit, i.e. load values range, a behaviour that is theoretically analyzed. The characterization of the vertical devices in cantilever-like mode reaches instantaneous power densities of 80 nW/cm2 with a mean power output of 20 nW/cm2. Besides, we analyze their actual-scenario performance by activation with a fan and handwriting. Overall, this work demonstrates the advantages of implementing plasma deposition for piezoelectric films to d

The complexity of thermal systems for future electric vehicles is increasing to maximize range, prolong battery life and maximize driver comfort. Traditional map-based control approach achieves sub-optimal performance with little robustness to real world operating conditions and requires significantly large calibration times and experiment costs. To address these challenges, new control approaches are needed. Self Learning control shows potential to maximize system performance in real-world operation while determining optimal control settings by interacting with the environment autonomously. Machine Learning methods offer viable solutions for realizing Self Learning control as it utilizes the increasing availability of data to solve complex modeling and decision-making problems. In this paper, we present a Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based automated calibration approach to maximize heatpump efficiency i.e., Coefficient of Performance (COP) in steady-state operation for a battery electric vehicle. A Deep Q-learning algorithm is applied in a simulation environment to learn the policy, which is the reference setpoint for the heat pump control system. This algorithm captures added controller complexity i.e., sensitivity of vehicle speed on heat pump efficiency with minimal calibration effort unlike the benchmark map-based control where the calibration effort increases exponentially for added complexity. This results in improved robustness to known disturbances compared to the benchmark controller. The expert effort required to manually tune the reference setpoint maps in the benchmark process is replaced by significantly less expert for tuning RL policy and less requirement of system knowledge. A significant reduction of 69% in calibration effort is achieved with RL-based calibration process compared to the benchmark process. The control system performance is validated by applying the trained RL policy in simulation over a Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Proced

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisis dari kertas yang dihasilkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan tujuan untuk mencari alternatif bahan baku kertas. Terdapat variasi persentase berat dalam campuran antara daun nanas dan kulit durian, yaitu 40%:60%, 50%:50%, dan 60%:40%. Daun nanas dan kulit durian dimasak dalam larutan NaOH 3% pada suhu 90℃, kemudian dilakukan proses pemutihan dengan larutan H2O2 10% lalu disaring dan dikeringkan. Setelah kering, pulp dicampur dengan komposisi yang telah dirancang menggunakan blender dan dicetak menggunakan cetakan kertas. Hasil pengujian sifat fisis kertas menunjukkan nilai gramatur tertinggi yaitu 90 gram/m2 yaitu pada variasi sampel 40%:60% dan nilai terendah yaitu 79 gram/m2 pada variasi sampel 60%:40%. Untuk pengujian bulk nilai tertinggi yaitu 1,44 cm3/gram pada variasi sampel 60%:40% dan nilai terendah yaitu 1,22 cm3/gram pada variasi sampel 40%:60%. Dari nilai tersebut sudah memenuhi nilai SNI 7274:2008 untuk menjadi mutu kertas cetak A. Kata kunci: kertas, selulosa, daun nanas, kulit durian. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to determine the physical properties of the paper produced. The research method used is an experimental method with the aim of finding alternative raw materials for paper. There are variations in the percentage of weight in the mixture between pineapple leaves and durian skin, namely 40%:60%, 50%:50%, and 60%:40%. Pineapple leaves and durian skin are cooked in 3% NaOH solution at 90℃, then a bleaching process is carried out with 10% H2O2 solution and then filtered and dried. After drying, the pulp is mixed with the composition that has been designed using a blender and printed using a paper mold. The results of testing the physical properties of the paper showed that the highest grammage value was 90 gram/m2 at the sample variation of 40%:60% and the lowest value was 79 gram/m2 at the sample variation of 60%:40%. For bulk

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisis dari kertas yang dihasilkan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan tujuan untuk mencari alternatif bahan baku kertas. Terdapat variasi persentase berat dalam campuran antara daun nanas dan kulit durian, yaitu 40%:60%, 50%:50%, dan 60%:40%. Daun nanas dan kulit durian dimasak dalam larutan NaOH 3% pada suhu 90℃, kemudian dilakukan proses pemutihan dengan larutan H2O2 10% lalu disaring dan dikeringkan. Setelah kering, pulp dicampur dengan komposisi yang telah dirancang menggunakan blender dan dicetak menggunakan cetakan kertas. Hasil pengujian sifat fisis kertas menunjukkan nilai gramatur tertinggi yaitu 90 gram/m2 yaitu pada variasi sampel 40%:60% dan nilai terendah yaitu 79 gram/m2 pada variasi sampel 60%:40%. Untuk pengujian bulk nilai tertinggi yaitu 1,44 cm3/gram pada variasi sampel 60%:40% dan nilai terendah yaitu 1,22 cm3/gram pada variasi sampel 40%:60%. Dari nilai tersebut sudah memenuhi nilai SNI 7274:2008 untuk menjadi mutu kertas cetak A. Kata kunci: kertas, selulosa, daun nanas, kulit durian. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to determine the physical properties of the paper produced. The research method used is an experimental method with the aim of finding alternative raw materials for paper. There are variations in the percentage of weight in the mixture between pineapple leaves and durian skin, namely 40%:60%, 50%:50%, and 60%:40%. Pineapple leaves and durian skin are cooked in 3% NaOH solution at 90℃, then a bleaching process is carried out with 10% H2O2 solution and then filtered and dried. After drying, the pulp is mixed with the composition that has been designed using a blender and printed using a paper mold. The results of testing the physical properties of the paper showed that the highest grammage value was 90 gram/m2 at the sample variation of 40%:60% and the lowest value was 79 gram/m2 at the sample variation of 60%:40%. For bulk

We present novel software to process scans of historical documents to extract their layout information. We do this using a ResNet backbone with a feature pyramid head. We extract region information directly into PageXML. For baseline extraction, we use a two stage processing approach. The software has been applied successfully to several projects. The results show the feasibility to automatically label text lines and regions in historical documents.

We compare using a PHOIBLE-based phone mapping methodand using phonological features input in transfer learning forTTS in low-resource languages. We use diverse source languages (English, Finnish, Hindi, Japanese, and Russian) andtarget languages (Bulgarian, Georgian, Kazakh, Swahili, Urdu,and Uzbek) to test the language-independence of the methodsand enhance the findings’ applicability. We use Character ErrorRates from automatic speech recognition and predicted MeanOpinion Scores for evaluation. Results show that both phonemapping and features input improve the output quality and thelatter performs better, but these effects also depend on the specific language combination. We also compare the recently-proposed Angular Similarity of Phone Frequencies (ASPF) witha family tree-based distance measure as a criterion to selectsource languages in transfer learning. ASPF proves effectiveif label-based phone input is used, while the language distancedoes not have expected effects.

We compare phone labels and articulatory features as input for cross-lingual transfer learning in text-to-speech (TTS) for low-resource languages (LRLs). Experiments with FastSpeech 2 and the LRL West Frisian show that using articulatory features outperformed using phone labels in both intelligibility and naturalness. For LRLs without pronunciation dictionaries, we propose two novel approaches: a) using a massively multilingual model to convert grapheme-to-phone (G2P) in both training and synthesizing, and b) using a universal phone recognizer to create a makeshift dictionary. Results show that the G2P approach performs largely on par with using a ground-truth dictionary and the phone recognition approach, while performing generally worse, remains a viable option for LRLs less suitable for the G2P approach. Within each approach, using articulatory features as input outperforms using phone labels.

Nanogenerators and self-powered nanosensors have shown the potential to power low-consumption electronics and human-machine interfaces, but their practical implementation requires reliable, environmentally friendly and scalable processes for manufacturing and processing. Furthermore, the emerging flexible and wearable electronics technology demands direct fabrication onto innovative substrates such as paper and plastics typically incompatible with high process temperatures. This article presents a plasma synthesis approach for the fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and self-powered sensors on paper substrates. Polycrystalline ZnO nanocolumnar thin films are deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition on common paper supports using a microwave electron cyclotron resonance reactor working at room temperature yielding high growth rates and low structural and interfacial stresses. Applying Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation, we elucidate the basic shadowing mechanism behind the characteristic microstructure and porosity of the ZnO thin films, relating them to an enhanced piezoelectric response to periodic and random inputs. The piezoelectric devices are assembled by embedding the ZnO films in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and using Au thin layers as electrodes in two different configurations, namely laterally and vertically contacted devices. We present the response of the laterally connected devices as a force sensor for low-frequency events with different answers to the applied force depending on the impedance circuit, i.e. load values range, a behaviour that is theoretically analyzed. The characterization of the vertical devices in cantilever-like mode reaches instantaneous power densities of 80 nW/cm2 with a mean power output of 20 nW/cm2. Besides, we analyze their actual-scenario performance by activation with a fan and handwriting. Overall, this work demonstrates the advantages of implementing plasma deposition for piezoelectric films to d

Byggbranschens utsläpp av växthusgaser utgör en stor andel av Sveriges totala utsläpp. För att minska de byggrelaterade utsläppen är det på många fronter som byggbranschen behöver förändras och effektiviseras. De senaste åren har en succesiv ökning av byggandet i trä skett vilket är gynnsamt då trä alternativet är mer klimatvänligt än stål och betong. De tuffa klimatmålen vi nu står framför innebär dock att mer behöver göras än att endast öka andelen träbyggnader. Pappersmassaindustrin är lätt att bortse ifrån, då den hittills inte varit relevant för byggbranschen och för att återanvändning är relativt framträdande inom den branschen. Ifrån sågverken som sönderdelar trästockar till virke fraktas flis som blir över till pappersbruk. Av flisen görs sedan bland annat diverse pappförpackningar som går att återvinna. Problemet är att dessa förpackningar endast går att återvinna ett visst antal gånger innan fibrerna blir obrukbara och istället används som biobränsle. Om byggmaterial skulle gå att producera baserat på dessa fibrer, skulle detta innebära en mer långlivad användning av dem. Ett byggmaterial som uppfunnits, gjort på fibrer från pappersmassabruk är core-materialet ”Greenwood”. Eftersom materialet är nytt och egenskaperna till stor del är okända krävs det att diverse studier görs som undersöker materialets olika egenskaper som är relevanta för en eventuell tillämpning inom byggbranschen. Denna studie avser att undersöka skjuvstyvhet, böjstyvhet och bärförmåga hos sandwichelement uppbyggda av core-materialet Greenwood och ytskikt av papp. Detta genom att först dynamiskt och statiskt testa de ingående materialens egenskaper, följt av böjprovning av nio sandwichbalkar med varierande tjocklek på ytskikten. Samtliga balkar testades även dynamiskt. Core-materialet Greenwood som ingick i sandwichelementen var endast den begränsande faktorn en gång av tio böjprov. När core-materialets skjuvstyvhet togs fram både dynamiskt och statiskt och när den omvandlades till en s, The construction industry`s greenhouse emissions, makes up for a large portion of Sweden’s total emissions. In order to reduce construction related emissions, a fair amount of fronts within the construction industry needs to be changed and streamlined. In the last couple of years, there has been a successive increase in the number of structures that are built from wood amongst other things, which is beneficial because the wood alternative is more climate friendly than steel and concrete. The current tough climate goals entails that more has to be done than just increasing the amount of wood constructions. The pulp industry is easy to write off because so far, it has not been relevant to the construction industry and because recycling is relatively prominent within that industry. From the sawmills that dismember wooden logs to lumber, leftover wood chips are transported to paper mills. Among other things, different cardboard packages that can be recycled are then made from those wood chips. The problem with these packages is that they can only be recycled a certain number of times before the fibers become unusable and instead, are used as biofuel. If building materials were to be able to be produced with these fibers, that would be a more long-lived use of them. A building material, recently invented, made of fiber from paper mills is the core-material “Greenwood”. Because the material is new and its properties for the most part are unknown, this requires that various studies are conducted that examines the different properties the material possesses that are relevant for a contingent enforcement within the construction industry. This study intends to examine the shear rigidity, flexural rigidity and maximum capacity for sandwich panels made from the core-material Greenwood and faces of paperboard. This was achieved by first dynamically and statically test the properties of the two different materials, followed by flexure testing nine sandwich beams with varying face

[Context] Systematic Literature Review (SLR) has been a major type of study published in Software Engineering (SE) venues for about two decades. However, there is a lack of understanding of whether an SLR is really needed in comparison to a more conventional literature review. Very often, SE researchers embark on an SLR with such doubts. We aspire to provide more understanding of when an SLR in SE should be conducted. [Objective] The first step of our investigation was focused on the dataset, i.e., the reviewed papers, in an SLR, which indicates the development of a research topic or area. The objective of this step is to provide a better understanding of the characteristics of the datasets of SLRs in SE. [Method] A research synthesis was conducted on a sample of 170 SLRs published in top-tier SE journals. We extracted and analysed the quantitative attributes of the datasets of these SLRs. [Results] The findings show that the median size of the datasets in our sample is 57 reviewed papers, and the median review period covered is 14 years. The number of reviewed papers and review period have a very weak and non-significant positive correlation. [Conclusions] The results of our study can be used by SE researchers as an indicator or benchmark to understand whether an SLR is conducted at a good time. © 2023 IEEE.

The latest developments in big data analytics technologies provide numerous possibilities for managers in ports in enhancing their supply chain resilience strategy to continue firm performance. Due to disruptive circumstances in the maritime environment, supply chain resilience and big data analytics have become an important research topic. Supply chain resilience strategies are in the early stages of development in the maritime industry and appear to become essential in achieving firm performance. The aim of this research is to investigate at what extent big data analytics can be used to respond to supply chain disruptions in improving the firm performance of service providers in ports. First, this study proposes a hypothetical model where big data analytics in three contexts: strategic, resource, and capability. Moreover, the mediating role that supply chain resilience plays between big data analytics and firm performance is examined. This study discusses strategic insights by conducting interviews with high-tier managers working in the maritime industry. The findings provide evidence that big data analytics strengthens supply chain resilience and firm performance in ports.

Automated Driving (AD) systems have the potential to increase safety, comfort and energy efficiency. Recently, major automotive companies have started testing and validating AD systems (ADS) on public roads. Nevertheless, the commercial deployment and wide adoption of ADS have been moderate, partially due to system functional insufficiencies (FI) that undermine passenger safety and lead to hazardous situations on the road. In contrast to system faults that are analyzed by the automotive functional safety standard ISO 26262, FIs are defined in ISO 21448 Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF). FIs are insufficiencies in sensors, actuators and algorithm implementations, including neural networks and probabilistic calculations. Examples of FIs in ADS include inaccurate ego-vehicle localization on the road, incorrect prediction of a cyclist maneuver, unreliable detection of a pedestrian in rainy weather using cameras and image processing algorithms, etc. The main goal of the study is to formulate a generic architectural design pattern, which is compatible with existing methods and ADS, to improve FI mitigation and enable faster commercial deployment of ADS. First, the authors studied the 2021 autonomous vehicles disengagement reports published by the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). The data clearly show that disengagements are five times more often caused by FIs rather than by system faults. They then made a comprehensive list of insufficiencies and their characteristics by analyzing over 10 hours of publicly available road test videos. In particular, the authors identified insufficiency types in four major categories: world model, motion plan, traffic rule, and operational design domain. The insufficiency characterization helps making the SOTIF analyses of triggering conditions more systematic and comprehensive. To handle faults, modern ADS already integrate multiple AD channels, where each channel is composed of sensors and processors running AD so

Previous research has demonstrated that both passive and active social media usage may have a detrimental impact on people’s body image and satisfaction (Faelens et al., 2021; Fioravanti et al., 2022). Moreover, particularly the editing affordances of social media platforms highlight the apparent malleability inherent to contemporary conceptualizations of bodies as projects (cf. Shilling, 2003). Considering this, it is unsurprising that recent studies found a relation between (selfie) editing and a greater acceptance of – and a higher intention to undergo – cosmetic procedures (Hermans et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022). Whereas many quantitative studies have examined the link between social media usage, body (dis)satisfaction, and (intended) body projects, fewer qualitative projects have been executed. It is particularly important to focus on adolescents as they are both avid users of social media and adolescents’ self-concept is particularly vulnerable to external influence; moreover, current adolescents have grown up with an unprecedented normalized view of particular body projects, including cosmetic procedures (Ching & Xu, 2019). In light of the above, this study explored the question of how Dutch adolescents perceive and negotiate body ideals and body ‘projects’ encountered on social media. We particularly focused on attitudes towards cosmetic procedures. To answer the research question, 13 focus groups were conducted with a total of 42 adolescents (aged 14-19), across the Netherlands. Participants were recruited at schools and youth councils around the country to account for national and regional differences. Moreover, we included a diverse group of adolescents with different educational attainment levels. Considering the potentially sensitive nature of the study, we recruited friendship groups for our small focus groups (approximately four participants per group). As Allen (2006, p. 164) has argued, focus groups can be helpful when resear

A presentation that tells a bit of the history of the concept of valence and the various ways it has been defined. The question is: can it be usefully applied in literary studies? Given the vagueness of the concept and the very different results that a number of valence lexicons give for Dutch narrative texts, the provisional answer is skeptical. Doesn't pretend to draw any definitive conclusions.

The MVN project (the Dutch abbreviation stands for Medieval Miscellanies from the Low Countries) is finalizing the online publication of a number of manuscripts. These manuscripts will be accessible both by page and by text. The text display itself can be either page-oriented, mimicking the layout on the folium, or text-oriented, based on metrical (verse) lines. Manuscript lines and verse lines are independently numbered. In my talk I will discuss, based on a number of experiments, how this functionality can be replicated in TEI Publisher. TEI Publisher is a successful and low-entry open source publication environment for TEI documents. It is hoped the example will lower the barriers for other projects attempting similar functionality.

Scholarly digital editions of variants allow their readers access to the details of textual genesis and transmission: the possibly thousands of facts that together make up the history of the edited text. We have, however, not done very well in providing researchers access to these riches. Yes, we have lists of variants, we have pop-ups, we have parallel views with additions and deletions. But we hardly have facilities that provide higher-level visualisations of the number and content of the changes made to the work in its various editions. We seem to want the reader to replicate the editor's voyage of discovery. We should try to create explorative interfaces that help the reader, and perhaps the editor, explore the edition's riches and to understand the essentials of the textual transmission. I will illustrate these ideas by sketches and a live preview for a prominent online variant edition, the Online Variorum of Darwin's Origin of Species created by Barbara Bordelejo.

Judgments and expectations. Assumptions that shaped the Dutch Australian Emigrant Procedure. An explorative analysis.

We aim to investigate how readers perceive style. For this we study how often and in what terms book reviewers note features of style. The investigation consists of three steps. We annotated 200 online reviews to indicate mentions of style and aspects of style, and which words reviewers use that refer to style. Second, we use these words to query a corpus of N= 382,207 reviews to find the most used characteristics of style. Third, we focus on notions of style related to readers’ experience to develop a tentative model of reader perception of style.

Reflecteren is essentieel bij een leven lang leren. Leren reflecteren wordt daarom als belangrijke vaardigheid gezien voor middelbare schoolleerlingen, maar er is weinig wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar het procesgericht begeleiden van reflecteren. Dit onderzoek inventariseerde hoe docenten Onderzoek en Ontwerpen (O&O) hun leerlingen begeleiden bij het reflectieproces. Verdeeld over vijf bijeenkomsten hebben 23 O&O-docenten van 20 verschillende scholen deelgenomen aan een semigestructureerd focusgroep interview. O&O-docenten werd gevraagd naar hun opvattingen over, ervaringen met en leervragen over het begeleiden van leerlingen bij het reflecteren. Interviews zijn getranscribeerd en thematisch gecodeerd. Door de gecodeerde data in een matrix op te nemen werd het begeleidingsproces van de O&O-docenten in kaart gebracht. Er zijn drie groepen docenten te onderscheiden die verschillen in hun opvattingen over het reflectieproces en procesgerichte feedback, de wijze waarop ze het begeleiden van het reflectieproces aanpakken en de ervaren moeilijkheden. Iedere groep docenten had andere leervragen. Alle bevraagde O&O-docenten willen zich verder bekwamen in hun begeleidingsvaardigheden en geven aan behoefte te hebben aan handvatten bij het begeleiden van het reflectieproces bij leerlingen. De resultaten geven richting aan een professionaliseringstraject dat aansluit bij de leerbehoefte en ervaringen van O&O-docenten.

In a communication system with steerable laser beams, the transmitter must find the direction towards the receiver. This requires a feedback loop such that the receiver can signal that the correct direction has been found. However, the receiver may not be able to instantly give high-resolution feedback if the beam hits its detector. At least during the acquisition phase, thus before transmitter and receiver are aligned in both directions, this feedback channel typically has a wider beam and a much lower bandwidth, thus a (possibly random) latency and a lower time resolution. It is often not practical to adaptively widen the optical beam during acquisition, but even if one designs for an adaptive beam width, it is not evident that this accelerates the search as we argue in this paper. The paper also describes a suitable address coding scheme based on maximum-length Linear Feedback Shift Register sequences, that accelerates the search significantly.

Most methodologies to measure the moisture-induced deformation (hygro-expansion) of paper microconstituents, including fibres and interfibre bonds, are low resolution or time-consuming. Hence, here, a novel method is proposed and validated to measure high-resolution full-field strain maps of paper microconstituents during hygro-expansion, based on environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). To this end, a novel climate stage enables accurate control of the relative humidity (RH) near the specimen in the ESEM from 0%–100%. The fibre surface, which is decorated a priori with a microparticle pattern, is captured during RH change. Subsequently, correlating the fibre surface using a dedicated global digital image correlation algorithm enables high-resolution hygro-expansion strain maps. Method optimisation involved performing contrast enhancement, scan-correction to reduce ESEM artefacts and a background correction, resulting in a strain resolution of (Formula presented.). Method validation revealed that the fibres' crystallinity is affected by the electron beam, even for minimal invasive electron beam settings. Interestingly, however, the fibres consistently exhibit conventional hygro-expansion behaviour during the drying slopes. Using the optimised procedure, hygro-expansion characterisation of two interfibre bonds and four interfibre bond cross-sections revealed the competition between the low longitudinal and large transverse fibre hygro-expansion in the bonded area.

Environmental toxic pollutants and pathogens that enter the ecosystem are major global issues. Detection of these toxic chemicals/pollutants and the diagnosis of a disease is a first step in efficiently controlling their contamination and spread, respectively. Various analytical techniques are available to detect and determine toxic chemicals/pathogens, including liquid chromatography, HPLC, mass spectroscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. However, these sensing strategies have some drawbacks such as tedious sample pretreatment and preparation, the requirement for skilled technicians, and dependence on large laboratory-based instruments. Alternatively, biosensors, especially paper-based sensors, could be used extensively and are a cost-effective alternative to conventional laboratory testing. They can improve accessibility to testing to identify chemicals and pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to its low cost, abundance, easy disposal (by incineration, for example) and biocompatible nature, paper is considered a versatile material for the development of environmentally friendly electrochemical/optical (bio) sensor devices. This review presents an overview of sensing platforms constructed from paper, pointing out the main merits and demerits of paper-based sensing systems, their fabrication techniques, and the different optical/electrochemical detection techniques that they exploit.

Uit een suikerbiet wordt suiker gewonnen. Dat mag geen verrassing zijn. Maar het calorierijke gewas ontpopt zich inmiddels als biobased multi-talent: van huidcrèmes tot bakkersgist, van compostmiddel tot veevoer. Veel van wat ons omringt, wordt met bestanddelen uit bieten gemaakt of kan ervan gemaakt worden.

Using biobased polyelectrolytes to emulsify natural fatty molecules is one possible key technology to create sustainable materials. The emulsions can be used in papermaking instead of synthetic hydrophobizing agents or in nonwoven manufacturing to create strong, hydrophobic textile-like materials. This article investigates a novel emulsification system based on a polyelectrolyte complex between chitosan dissolved in citric acid and carboxymethyl cellulose together with sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil. Viscose nonwoven treated with the emulsion had a contact angle of over 120°. Tensile tests showed that the produced paper and nonwoven materials achieved high dry and, especially, high wet strength. Infrared spectroscopy illuminated the impact of heat curing the binder, and electron microscopy showed that the oil droplets from the emulsion were spread across the fibre surface. The results from this study enable sustainable nonwovens to be applied in areas where high dry and wet strength and water repellence are required; this includes outdoor applications, including agricultural mulch films, where nonwoven is used frequently and a sustainable approach is urgently needed to reduce the accumulation of plastics in the environment., QC 20230626

Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the gold standard for infectious disease diagnostics. Currently NAATs are mainly limited to centralized laboratories, while paper-based antigen tests are used for rapid home-based diagnostics. DNA extraction, the initial sample preparation step in NAATs, remains a bottleneck that hinders its development toward home-based kits. This step requires the use of compounds detrimental to the enzymes in downstream DNA amplification. Here, this work overcomes this bottleneck by immobilizing the enzyme achromopeptidase (ACP) on nitrocellulose, to both store and enable the separation of the enzymes from the other steps. This work provides proof-of-concept that immobilized ACP is effective at lysis and release of amplifiable DNA from gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and enables the use of the lysate directly for DNA amplification, without the need for heat deactivation of the enzyme. This sample preparation method requires only incubation at 37 °C and mild agitation, which allows to implement it with fully disposable and affordable equipment. Consequently, this work enables to combine the paper-based DNA extraction method with the isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) followed by lateral flow detection to demonstrate a sample-to-answer NAAT packaged as an instrument free self-test kit expanding the capabilities of home-testing beyond antigen tests., QC 20230614

This poster introduces GLOBALISE (General Letters Ontology-Based AccessibiLity InfraStructurE, 2022-2026). This innovative and interdisciplinary project, funded by the Dutch Research Council, aims to unlock the key series of documents and reports in the archives of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) for advanced new research methods. This archival series of more than 5 million handwritten pages, kept in the Dutch National Archives in The Hague, is of irrefutable value for reconstructing the history of the vast region around the Indian Ocean and Indonesian archipelago where the VOC was active from 1602 until 1798. For some regions, documents in the VOC archives are among the earliest written historical sources.GLOBALISE is a collaboration of the Huygens Institute with the International Institute of Social History, the Digital Infrastructure Department of the KNAW Humanities Cluster, the Computational Linguistics & Text Mining Lab of VU University, the CREATE program of the University of Amsterdam, and the Dutch National Archives. It is funded by the Dutch Research Council, within the framework of the Research Infrastructure: national consortia program. The project is made up of a young and diverse team of early-career and senior interdisciplinary researchers and developers.

Fibers are interesting materials alternative to replace conventional fossil-based plastics, as they are bio-based and do not lead to CO2 emissions. Due to their limited ductility, it is difficult to use them to make complex three-dimensional shapes. This problem has already been addressed in previous research studies but the processing conditions used here were never tried before. In this thesis, the incorporation of low molecular plasticizers onto the fibers is investigated to obtain a more ductile fiber-based material. More precisely, Paper and Fiber Research Institute (PFI) refining is used to mechanically treat the fibers and help the sorption of glycerol, urea, polyethyleneglycol (PEG), or polyvinylalcohol (PVA), followed by the formation of sheets from the modified pulp. However, it has been found that only small amounts of plasticizers were retained by this process. The refining itself on the fibers without additives enhanced fibrillation and developed mechanical bonding between the fibers, which resulted in increased strength and ductility. Also, the hot pressed (HP) drying technique was found to yield denser and stronger papers, compared to the non-pressed (HP) drying technique. As a comparison, the incorporation of plasticizers through ultrasonication and its effect on the paper properties were also considered from a previous study within the same research group. It has been found that this mechanical treatment retains more plasticizers than refining but yields different paper properties (especially an increased ductility). All these results suggest that PFI refining should be studied more in-depth by performing at least one process optimization cycle where less dilution takes place., Fibrer är ett intressant, alternativt material att ersätta konventionella, fossila plaster. Men deras begränsade plasticitet gör det svårt att forma mer avancerade tredimensionella former. Detta problem har man adresserat i tidigare forskning, men bearbetningsförhållandena utvärderade i denna studie har inte testats tidigare. I denna uppsats studeras integrering av små molekylära mjukgörare in i fibrer för att framställa ett mer plastiskt, fiber-baserat material. Mer precist, Papirforskninginstituts (PFI) bearbetning används för att mekaniskt bearbeta fibrerna och underlätta sorption av glycerol, urea, Polyethylenglykol (PEG) och Polyvinylalkohol (PVA) följt av arkning av den bearbeta pappersmassan. Det har visats att i denna process bibehålls endast små mängder av mjukgörare på fibrerna. Dock har den mekaniska bearbetning i säg effekt på fibrerna, då den leder till defibrillering, och förstärker interaktionerna mellan fibrerna vilket leder till ett starkare och segare material. Utöver det, visar studien att värmepressningen (HP) som torktekning ger ett mer homogent resultat gällande arkens kvalitet. Som jämförelse användes en tidigare studie av samma forskargrupp som använt ultraljudsbehandling som medel att inkorporera mjukgörare och hur den behandlingen påverkade arken. Den behandlingen leder till högre retention av mjukgörare vilket leder till andra pappersegenskaper, speciellt högre duktilitet. Dessa studier visar att PFI bearbetningen behöver studeras i mer detalj för att se om det är en lämplig bearbetningsmetod och därför bör minst en till cykel med optimeringar göras för att se om högre halt mjukgörare kan bibehållas.

Background: The global marketplace is characterized by rapid and constantchange, resulting in complex logistics systems. The port industry, which is a crucial link in the supply chain, seeks to understand the complexity of market dynamics. Ports should understand the changing market dynamics to better meet the market demand and have a competitive advantage. One representative from the port industry is Swedish ports and the Port of Gothenburg, which will be the focus of this thesis. The market demand for paper and paperboard has been a significant driver of shipping activities in Swedish ports. The market demand for bulk and container shipping is also relevant due to its influence on the port’s operation. Furthermore, itis essential for port authorities to understand the demand-oriented infrastructure to develop strategies to meet the market dynamics. Purpose: This thesis has been undertaken on behalf of the PoG. The purpose of the thesis is to provide a clearer understanding of how the current and future market demand of paper and paperboard influence Swedish ports with scenario planning. Based on the future market demand for paper and paperboard, additional information of the future market demand for bulk and container will be included in the scenarios. By using the scenarios, recommendations will be given regarding investments the port authority at PoG needs to implement as a response to future paper and paperboard market demand. Methodology: The thesis has a qualitative case study with Port of Gothenburg as the study object. Data collection has been conducted through semi- and unstructuredinterviews from the Swedish forest industry, three forest companies and port authority at Port of Gothenburg. Additionally, scenario planning will be the main analysis method in this thesis. Conclusion: The current market demand for paper and paperboard indicates that demand for paper is decreasing, while demand for paperboard is increasing. The future market demand for paper an

Fibers are interesting materials alternative to replace conventional fossil-based plastics, as they are bio-based and do not lead to CO2 emissions. Due to their limited ductility, it is difficult to use them to make complex three-dimensional shapes. This problem has already been addressed in previous research studies but the processing conditions used here were never tried before. In this thesis, the incorporation of low molecular plasticizers onto the fibers is investigated to obtain a more ductile fiber-based material. More precisely, Paper and Fiber Research Institute (PFI) refining is used to mechanically treat the fibers and help the sorption of glycerol, urea, polyethyleneglycol (PEG), or polyvinylalcohol (PVA), followed by the formation of sheets from the modified pulp. However, it has been found that only small amounts of plasticizers were retained by this process. The refining itself on the fibers without additives enhanced fibrillation and developed mechanical bonding between the fibers, which resulted in increased strength and ductility. Also, the hot pressed (HP) drying technique was found to yield denser and stronger papers, compared to the non-pressed (HP) drying technique. As a comparison, the incorporation of plasticizers through ultrasonication and its effect on the paper properties were also considered from a previous study within the same research group. It has been found that this mechanical treatment retains more plasticizers than refining but yields different paper properties (especially an increased ductility). All these results suggest that PFI refining should be studied more in-depth by performing at least one process optimization cycle where less dilution takes place., Fibrer är ett intressant, alternativt material att ersätta konventionella, fossila plaster. Men deras begränsade plasticitet gör det svårt att forma mer avancerade tredimensionella former. Detta problem har man adresserat i tidigare forskning, men bearbetningsförhållandena utvärderade i denna studie har inte testats tidigare. I denna uppsats studeras integrering av små molekylära mjukgörare in i fibrer för att framställa ett mer plastiskt, fiber-baserat material. Mer precist, Papirforskninginstituts (PFI) bearbetning används för att mekaniskt bearbeta fibrerna och underlätta sorption av glycerol, urea, Polyethylenglykol (PEG) och Polyvinylalkohol (PVA) följt av arkning av den bearbeta pappersmassan. Det har visats att i denna process bibehålls endast små mängder av mjukgörare på fibrerna. Dock har den mekaniska bearbetning i säg effekt på fibrerna, då den leder till defibrillering, och förstärker interaktionerna mellan fibrerna vilket leder till ett starkare och segare material. Utöver det, visar studien att värmepressningen (HP) som torktekning ger ett mer homogent resultat gällande arkens kvalitet. Som jämförelse användes en tidigare studie av samma forskargrupp som använt ultraljudsbehandling som medel att inkorporera mjukgörare och hur den behandlingen påverkade arken. Den behandlingen leder till högre retention av mjukgörare vilket leder till andra pappersegenskaper, speciellt högre duktilitet. Dessa studier visar att PFI bearbetningen behöver studeras i mer detalj för att se om det är en lämplig bearbetningsmetod och därför bör minst en till cykel med optimeringar göras för att se om högre halt mjukgörare kan bibehållas.

Background: The global marketplace is characterized by rapid and constantchange, resulting in complex logistics systems. The port industry, which is a crucial link in the supply chain, seeks to understand the complexity of market dynamics. Ports should understand the changing market dynamics to better meet the market demand and have a competitive advantage. One representative from the port industry is Swedish ports and the Port of Gothenburg, which will be the focus of this thesis. The market demand for paper and paperboard has been a significant driver of shipping activities in Swedish ports. The market demand for bulk and container shipping is also relevant due to its influence on the port’s operation. Furthermore, itis essential for port authorities to understand the demand-oriented infrastructure to develop strategies to meet the market dynamics. Purpose: This thesis has been undertaken on behalf of the PoG. The purpose of the thesis is to provide a clearer understanding of how the current and future market demand of paper and paperboard influence Swedish ports with scenario planning. Based on the future market demand for paper and paperboard, additional information of the future market demand for bulk and container will be included in the scenarios. By using the scenarios, recommendations will be given regarding investments the port authority at PoG needs to implement as a response to future paper and paperboard market demand. Methodology: The thesis has a qualitative case study with Port of Gothenburg as the study object. Data collection has been conducted through semi- and unstructuredinterviews from the Swedish forest industry, three forest companies and port authority at Port of Gothenburg. Additionally, scenario planning will be the main analysis method in this thesis. Conclusion: The current market demand for paper and paperboard indicates that demand for paper is decreasing, while demand for paperboard is increasing. The future market demand for paper an

Shimmer, Tangle, Deep, Dark, Wet is an exploration of the possibilities of the publication, the underwater world, editorial work and an investigation in different materials. The work includes among other things, a professional mermaid, a marine geologist, three underwater rugby players, and a poem about the waves in the Persian Gulf., Skimmer, trassel, djupt, mörkt, blött är ett utforskande av publikationens möjligheter, världen under vatten, redaktionellt arbete och ett experimenterande med olika material. Arbetet innehåller bland annat en professionell sjöjungfru, en maringeolog, tre undervattensrugbyspelare och en dikt om vågorna i persiska viken.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá komplexním restaurováním uměleckého díla ze sbírek Vlastivědného muzea v Olomouci. Jedná se o olejomalbu na kombinované papírové a textilní podložce, na vypínacím rámu vsazenou do ozdobného rámu s povrchovou úpravou. Součástí bakalářské práce je také teoretická část, která rozšiřuje práci o přínosný kulturně-historický průzkum zabývající se autorstvím díla a identifikací vyobrazené mladé dívky. Práce se zabývá samotným procesem restaurování, kterému předcházel restaurátorský záměr. Cílem restaurování tohoto objektu bylo zachování fragmentů a uvedení díla do stavu, kdy je možné jej prezentovat. Práce zahrnuje fotodokumentaci díla před a po zásahu a v průběhu restaurování., This bachelor's thesis deals with the comprehensive restoration of an artwork from the collections of the Regional Museum in Olomouc. It is an oil painting on a combined paper and textile support, on a stretcher frame attached to a decorative frame with finish. The paper also includes a theoretical part that extends the work and adds extra information collected through cultural-historical survey on who created the painting and who the young girl depicted in the painting is. The thesis deals with the process of restoration, which was preceded by a restoration plan. The aim of the restoration of this object was to preserve the fragments and bring the artwork to the condition, in which it can be exhibited. Photo documentation of the artwork before and after the intervention and during the restoration is included in the paper., Fakulta restaurování, Studentka představila svou bakalářskou práci formou ppt prezentace, na doplňující otázky reagovala rychle a pohotově. Odpovědi byly stručné a výstižné.&nbsp, Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

We consider the problem of deciding, given a sequence of regions, if there is a choice of points, one for each region, such that the induced polyline is simple or weakly simple, meaning that it can touch but not cross itself. Specifically, we consider the case where each region is a translate of the same shape. We show that the problem is NP-hard when the shape is a unit-disk or unit-square. We argue that the problem is is NP-complete when the shape is a vertical unit-segment.

Shimmer, Tangle, Deep, Dark, Wet is an exploration of the possibilities of the publication, the underwater world, editorial work and an investigation in different materials. The work includes among other things, a professional mermaid, a marine geologist, three underwater rugby players, and a poem about the waves in the Persian Gulf., Skimmer, trassel, djupt, mörkt, blött är ett utforskande av publikationens möjligheter, världen under vatten, redaktionellt arbete och ett experimenterande med olika material. Arbetet innehåller bland annat en professionell sjöjungfru, en maringeolog, tre undervattensrugbyspelare och en dikt om vågorna i persiska viken.

The study of speculative designs such as futures, critical design alternatives, or catalysts for reflection is well documented in the design research community. The literature is also profuse in approaches for designing speculations, but it lacks attention to speculative designs as objects in the service of a pedagogical practice. This paper reports on a two-year cross European research project investigating speculative designs in higher education contexts. We describe a broad data set including interviews, surveys, case studies and workshops undertaken with educators and students. Drawing on the results of this study, our contribution is eight tension-patterns, each an interplay between opposing tendencies that educators and students need to address, more or less explicitly, when creating speculative designs. We then discuss how these tension-patterns can support the design and analysis of speculative designs in educational settings while accommodating different disciplinary, methodological and material constraints. Finally, we conclude with a brief note on two important challenges: balancing creativity and criticism and moving beyond specialized courses.

Companies are increasingly adopting cloud-based solutions to provide their employees with tools for flexible work. The environmental consequences of this trend, although largely under-researched, are likely to be negative. In fact, by enabling integrated and easy-to-use features (document collaboration, backups, online meetings, etc.), using the cloud typically leads to a growth in data traffic and outsourced computation. At the same time, the 2022 IPCC report (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) calls for sufficiency measures to reach net-zero emissions, i.e. actions on the demand side to avoid unnecessary consumption of resources. However, how much and which cloud usage is “sufficient” for flexible work? This study explores the answer to this question by using qualitative research methods. We carried out three focus groups within two companies, investigating the daily use of digital technologies in flexible work. A thematic analysis using open coding was performed on the outcome. Our findings include (i) a list of main digital work activities and differences according to work settings, (ii) the perceptions of what makes certain digital activities or their cloud feature necessary, and (iii) a list of tactics towards sufficiency and the perceived benefits and challenges associated to them. In our increasingly connected work environments, there are plenty of opportunities to decrease our digital footprint by re-centering on the essentials, and simultaneously bring co-benefits like focus, and better quality of life. Future work could identify the cultural part of what is perceived as necessary by running the same study in other countries and professional environments. Further research would also be helpful to identify the potential impact and acceptability of the identified tactics.

Games are designed to elicit strong emotions during game play, especially when players are competing against each other. Artificial Intelligence applied to predict a player's emotions has mainly been tested on single-player experiences in low-stakes settings and short-term interactions. How do players experience and manifest affect in high-stakes competitions, and which modalities can capture this? This paper reports a first experiment in this line of research, using a competition of the video game Hearthstone where both competing players' game play and facial expressions were recorded over the course of the entire match which could span up to 41 minutes. Using two experts' annotations of tension using a continuous video affect annotation tool, we attempt to predict tension from the webcam footage of the players alone. Treating both the input and the tension output in a relative fashion, our best models reach 66.3% average accuracy (up to 79.2% at the best fold) in the challenging leave-one-participant out cross-validation task. This initial experiment shows a way forward for affect annotation in games "in the wild" in high-stakes, real-world competitive settings.

In het glastuinbouwcluster vinden veel initiatieven plaats op het gebied van biobased ondernemen. Die zijn vaak nog relatief onzichtbaar. 'De waarde van reststromen' is een serie interviews met ondernemers die reststromen en bijproducten gebruiken om nieuwe producten te maken. In deze eerste aflevering Marieke de Hoop, de ambachtelijk papiermaker van Papierlab Rotterdam. Marieke vertelt het verhaal over producten die gemaakt kunnen worden met papier van aspergeschillen.

Cheques are used to transfer money from one party to another, has the potential to capture a massive amount of financial value but on the other hand is a piece of paper which can be tarnished and torn into pieces and is fragile. The main objective is to create a E-Cheque application, where the mentioned issues will be eradicated by simply digitizing the cheque. Using an E-Cheque would raise a handful of security questions but utilizing the help of four security technologies these problems are minimized. The approach for dynamic password generation is to generate a password which would be resistant to a selected cyber security attack and would be a key-helping hand to remember the password. Secondly, with the use of OTP together with Voice Biometrics, where an OTP would be used as the first level of security and voice biometrics as the second level to increase security. To cover the compliance point of view, a comprehensive compliance policy is created hence applied to the application. Finally, QR Code generation which is generated with a E-cheque details received from user, then encrypted to generate the QR code and transferred through a chat socket where digital signature will be mandatory to transfer the QR based E-cheque, and therefore when all components are paired together creating a world security standard E-Cheque application. &nbsp

Paper was fundamental in the American wars of independence, it had transcendental military and communication functions for both the patriot and royalist armies. In the parish archive of Paipa Boyacá, there are a series of handwritten citations that allude to the passage of the war of 1819 through this town. From five of these citations I develop an interpretation and reconstruction of their historical context, using paper as a vehicle for a multi-sense story., El papel fue fundamental en las guerras de independencia americanas, tuvo funciones militares y de comunicación trascendentales tanto para elejército patriota como para el realista. En el archivo parroquial de Paipa Boyacá, existen una serie de citas manuscritas que aluden al paso de la guerrade 1819 por esta población. A partir de cinco de ellas hago una interpretación y reconstrucción de su contexto histórico, teniendo al papel como vehículo de un relato de múltiples sentidos.