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Cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors are typically an assembly of prefabricated panels connected together on the site. CLT offers a wide range of configuration possibilities, as it can be easily pre-cut into various shapes and sizes, making it suitable for use in different architectural design requirements. However, available CLT design guidelines do not apply to complex-shaped CLT floors, i.e. unconventional geometry of floor plans including concave polygons, arches and openings. This paper presents a numerical vibration analysis of such a floor with openings, which represents a standard floor structure for residential and commercial buildings. Influence of panel orientation and inter-panel connections on modal properties and vibration response induced by a single pedestrian walking is analysed and discussed.

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors have gained in popularity due to their outstanding strength, aesthetic appeal, good fire resistance, and high level of prefabrication. However, due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio, CLT floors are highly susceptible to pedestrian-induced vibrations. In design practice, vibration serviceability is usually assessed by assuming a floor as a set of CLT panels with no inter-panel connections, which leads to overestimation of the vibration response. In this paper, an experimental dynamic testing was carried out to identify modal properties and pedestrian-induced response of two CLT floors with different number of panels in a floor assembly. Influence of the inter-panel connections on the floor modal properties and pedestrian-induced vibration response is particularly studied and discussed.

Thermochemical networks are a rather new subject in research and support our goal to lower winter electricity demand and foster the integration of renewable energy sources. This paper takes a first step towards a performance analysis of thermochemical networks and a comparison to a classical district heating network for a virtually defined network of 1.3 km length, assuming a space heating load of 204.7 MWh represented by 33 residential buildings. The performance comparison is done for winter operation when space heating demand is present. The simulation results clearly revealed that for the classical district heating system, thermal and pressure losses lead to a significant increase in the loads, further increasing the electricity demand for the heat pump and the circulation pump. Conversely, for the thermochemical network, no compressor is needed to extract the heat from the boreholes and the circulation of the sorbent solution was found to be minute, leading to a negligible electricity demand for space heating supply. This resulted in a very high electric COP as well as a high exergy efficiency compared to a classical district heating system. Further, the volumetric energy storage density was compared, recording a 2 to 22.3 times higher value for the thermochemical network.

This paper presents the application of an existing situational awareness framework to a newly developed artificial intelligence system to determine its awareness level. The system incorporates diverse automation techniques - knowledge graph, expert rules, machine learning - for gaining situational awareness and applying it in the field of air traffic control. Since the system was developed to serve as a foundation for exploring automation and artificial situational awareness, the primary result of this work is the system’s overall awareness level assessment and the identification of sub-systems that may be improved for additional awareness. The framework used was chosen in the fundamental project documents and its use proved beneficial as it enabled the demonstration of how general guidelines can be interpreted for a specific system. It also informed possible routes for improvement of the process. Highest priority awareness-related improvements are those dealing with robustness, whose implementation would substantiate the current awareness assessment. The system is shown to be on the highest awareness level conditionally, considering its proof-of-concept level. The high level reached by the system is contingent on awareness concept and condition interpretations. With the appropriate assessment of the system, implementation in an operational environment is more feasible.

The problem of food waste in Indonesia is an important issue to overcome. Indonesia is the second-largest producer of food waste in the World. This makes national food waste issues get more attention. This paper aims to identify problems in food waste prevention, to formulate prototype of food waste application, to design digital platform-based business models innovation that complies with consumer preferences, and to map the impact generated by the presence of Re-Food. The method used are the customer discovery method with a qualitative descriptive approach and business model innovation methods. The results of this paper are verified social enterprise business model innovation offering an application that can help in utilizing excess food and help in the social problems of hunger and poverty. The potential impact generated by the Re-Food business model is the opportunity to contribute to social problems by utilizing environmental issues and increasing education on environmental issues, especially in food waste issues.

In the current paper the classical and new relief at the interface: solid substrate-liquid crystal mesophase is presented in order to orient the liquid crystal molecules with good advantage. Rubbing technique, some geometric construction at the interface, UV and VIS treatment of the polymers, and laser oriented method are shown. The last one is connected with the materials surface relief modification using the laser-matter interaction process by the application of the IR CO2-laser at the wavelength of 10.6 micrometers. As the efficient nano-objects applied for the relief improvement the carbon nanotubes with the small refractive index close to 1.1 and the large Young's modulus are used. As an additional, the varied electric field of 100-600 V/cm is applied in order to deposit the carbon nanotubes at the materials surfaces in the vertical position and to form the covalent bonding between the carbon atoms and the model matrix materials surface atoms. The novel results are shown in comparison with that obtained before for the classical orienting liquid crystal molecules methods. It extends dramatically the area of the liquid crystal cells use.

Globalization has now entered a new era where the internet sector has become a strategic focus and development priority throughout the world. The business sector has been using the internet and mobile applications as media transactions, including the construction service sector. One company in the field of construction services that utilize internet technology and mobile applications is Tukang.com. Facing increasingly high competition, Tukang.com must further improve its performance comprehensively. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and improve the performance so that it becomes a comprehensive measure of performance. This study aims to evaluate and measure the performance of Tukang.com comprehensively. The methods used in this paper were the Business Model Canvas (BMC) and Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The BSC method not only measures performance based on financial perspectives but also measures performance based on non-financial perspectives. Analysis of balanced scorecard Tukang.com produces initiatives from four perspectives namely financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective and growth, and learning perspective. Furthermore, the weighting of the Eckenrode method was carried out to weigh the strategic objectives that Tukang.com should prioritize for the development of its company. The improved business model of Tukang.com is the result of the three methods that have previously been conducted and have directly affected the nine business elements in the canvas model.

In the current paper the classical and new relief at the interface: solid substrate-liquid crystal mesophase is presented in order to orient the liquid crystal molecules with good advantage. Rubbing technique, some geometric construction at the interface, UV and VIS treatment of the polymers, and laser oriented method are shown. The last one is connected with the materials surface relief modification using the laser-matter interaction process by the application of the IR CO2-laser at the wavelength of 10.6 micrometers. As the efficient nano-objects applied for the relief improvement the carbon nanotubes with the small refractive index close to 1.1 and the large Young's modulus are used. As an additional, the varied electric field of 100-600 V/cm is applied in order to deposit the carbon nanotubes at the materials surfaces in the vertical position and to form the covalent bonding between the carbon atoms and the model matrix materials surface atoms. The novel results are shown in comparison with that obtained before for the classical orienting liquid crystal molecules methods. It extends dramatically the area of the liquid crystal cells use.

Within the frame of a European project called Eura-Thermal, the general objective was to upgrade the regional metrological infrastructure (Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Ireland, Serbia...) with new capabilities, especially in the field of thermal measurements. This paper highlights the strategy used for improving in the short term, scientific knowledge transfer and the capabilities of different emerging institutes. Furthermore, as a main output, the impacts and benefit for Industry and for the end-users are also presented as examples. © 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

Within the frame of a European project called Eura-Thermal, the general objective was to upgrade the regional metrological infrastructure (Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Ireland, Serbia...) with new capabilities, especially in the field of thermal measurements. This paper highlights the strategy used for improving in the short term, scientific knowledge transfer and the capabilities of different emerging institutes. Furthermore, as a main output, the impacts and benefit for Industry and for the end-users are also presented as examples. © 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

Within the frame of a European project called Eura-Thermal, the general objective was to upgrade the regional metrological infrastructure (Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Ireland, Serbia...) with new capabilities, especially in the field of thermal measurements. This paper highlights the strategy used for improving in the short term, scientific knowledge transfer and the capabilities of different emerging institutes. Furthermore, as a main output, the impacts and benefit for Industry and for the end-users are also presented as examples. © 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

This paper contains the results of the detailed theoretical and simulation studies of the role of the secondary emission process in the breakdown phenomena. Calculations were performed by using a Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) code with the secondary emission model adjusted to include the energy dependence of the secondary electron yield at large separations as well as the enhancement of the secondary emission coefficient in microgaps. Furthemore, in the presence of the magnetic field, the breakdown voltage has been determined taking into account the effect of both the equivalent pressure and the variation of Townsends second coefficient in a magnetic field. The obtained simulation results clearly show that a proper choice of the secondary emission model in the PIC/MCC code may lead to a gratifying agreement with the experimental results for the breakdown voltage. The results discussed in this paper indicate that PIC/MCC code with the improved secondary emission models provides a good physical description of plasma for various gap sizes, not only in the presence of the electric field, but also under the simultanious action of both electric and magnetic fields.

This paper contains the results of the detailed theoretical and simulation studies of the role of the secondary emission process in the breakdown phenomena. Calculations were performed by using a Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) code with the secondary emission model adjusted to include the energy dependence of the secondary electron yield at large separations as well as the enhancement of the secondary emission coefficient in microgaps. Furthemore, in the presence of the magnetic field, the breakdown voltage has been determined taking into account the effect of both the equivalent pressure and the variation of Townsends second coefficient in a magnetic field. The obtained simulation results clearly show that a proper choice of the secondary emission model in the PIC/MCC code may lead to a gratifying agreement with the experimental results for the breakdown voltage. The results discussed in this paper indicate that PIC/MCC code with the improved secondary emission models provides a good physical description of plasma for various gap sizes, not only in the presence of the electric field, but also under the simultanious action of both electric and magnetic fields.

In the paper, we consider the quantum effects in reflection of the electromagnetic field from an absorbing Bragg mirror. The special emphasis is placed on the study of the influence of thermal noises of the mirror environment on the fidelity of reflection. Taking the incident light field in coherent and Fock states, we show that the fidelity of reflection turns out to be strongly dependent on the quantum state, and on the level of thermal noise and absorption of the mirror.

In the paper, we consider the quantum effects in reflection of the electromagnetic field from an absorbing Bragg mirror. The special emphasis is placed on the study of the influence of thermal noises of the mirror environment on the fidelity of reflection. Taking the incident light field in coherent and Fock states, we show that the fidelity of reflection turns out to be strongly dependent on the quantum state, and on the level of thermal noise and absorption of the mirror.

The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is one of the sub-detectors of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The Detector Control System (DCS) that has been developed and implemented for the CMS ECAL was deployed in accordance with the LHC schedule and has been supporting the CMS data-taking since LHC physics runs started in 2009. During these years, the control system has been regularly adapted according to operational experience and new requirements, always respecting the constraints imposed on significant changes to a running system. Several hardware and software upgrades and system extensions were therefore deferred to the first LHC Long Shutdown (LS 1). This paper presents the main architectural differences between the system that supported the CMS ECAL during its first years and the new design for the coming physics runs after LS 1. Details on the upgrade planning, including the certification methods performed in the CMS ECAL DCS laboratory facilities, reports on the implementation progress and the expectations for the post-LS 1 system are highlighted.

The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) is one of the sub-detectors of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The Detector Control System (DCS) that has been developed and implemented for the CMS ECAL was deployed in accordance with the LHC schedule and has been supporting the CMS data-taking since LHC physics runs started in 2009. During these years, the control system has been regularly adapted according to operational experience and new requirements, always respecting the constraints imposed on significant changes to a running system. Several hardware and software upgrades and system extensions were therefore deferred to the first LHC Long Shutdown (LS 1). This paper presents the main architectural differences between the system that supported the CMS ECAL during its first years and the new design for the coming physics runs after LS 1. Details on the upgrade planning, including the certification methods performed in the CMS ECAL DCS laboratory facilities, reports on the implementation progress and the expectations for the post-LS 1 system are highlighted.

This paper presents the current architecture of the control and safety systems designed and implemented for the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). An evaluation of system performance during all CMS physics data taking periods is reported, with emphasis on how software and hardware solutions are used to overcome limitations, whilst maintaining and improving reliability and robustness. The outcomes of the CMS ECAL Detector Control System (DCS) Software Analysis Project were a fundamental step towards the integration of all control system applications and the consequent piece-by-piece software improvements allowed a smooth transition to the latest revision of the system. The ongoing task of keeping the system in-line with new hardware technologies and software platforms specified by the CMS DCS Group is discussed. The structure of the comprehensive support service with detailed incident logging is presented in addition to a complete test setup for reproducing failures and for testing solutions prior to deployment into production. A correlation between the acquired experience, the development of new software tools and a reduction in the DCS support load is highlighted.

This paper presents the current architecture of the control and safety systems designed and implemented for the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). An evaluation of system performance during all CMS physics data taking periods is reported, with emphasis on how software and hardware solutions are used to overcome limitations, whilst maintaining and improving reliability and robustness. The outcomes of the CMS ECAL Detector Control System (DCS) Software Analysis Project were a fundamental step towards the integration of all control system applications and the consequent piece-by-piece software improvements allowed a smooth transition to the latest revision of the system. The ongoing task of keeping the system in-line with new hardware technologies and software platforms specified by the CMS DCS Group is discussed. The structure of the comprehensive support service with detailed incident logging is presented in addition to a complete test setup for reproducing failures and for testing solutions prior to deployment into production. A correlation between the acquired experience, the development of new software tools and a reduction in the DCS support load is highlighted.

The building sector has a huge potential for reducing greenhouse gas emission without the need of a higher sufficiency. The key is to build and retrofit buildings with good envelopes as well as choosing efficient heating systems. A heating system with a brine-water heat pump and PVT collectors as single heat source is suggested here as an alternative to an air-water heat pump system for single family houses. In the system simulations performed, the PVT-heat pump System ("L-Sol") is more efficient than an air-water heat pump system and still affordable. As the System L-Sol produces heat and electricity on the same area it saves space, disadvantages like noise emission of air-water heat pumps or costly drilling of bore holes are omitted. The system has been optimized in terms of efficiency by testing different dimensioning of the components and regarding the grid purchase by optimizing the system control.

The building sector has a huge potential for reducing greenhouse gas emission without the need of a higher sufficiency. The key is to build and retrofit buildings with good envelopes as well as choosing efficient heating systems. A heating system with a brine-water heat pump and PVT collectors as single heat source is suggested here as an alternative to an air-water heat pump system for single family houses. In the system simulations performed, the PVT-heat pump System ("L-Sol") is more efficient than an air-water heat pump system and still affordable. As the System L-Sol produces heat and electricity on the same area it saves space, disadvantages like noise emission of air-water heat pumps or costly drilling of bore holes are omitted. The system has been optimized in terms of efficiency by testing different dimensioning of the components and regarding the grid purchase by optimizing the system control.

Observations of the continuum radio emission at 1420, 820 and 408 MHz enabled estimations of the brightness of the radio loops. We calculated the mean brightness temperatures and surface brightnesses of the six main Galactic radio-continuum loops I-VI at the three frequencies. We have demonstrated the reality of Loops V and VI and presented diagrams of their spectra for the first time. We derived the radio spectral indices of Galactic radio loops from radio surveys at three frequencies. The method we have developed for large radio loops, was also used for smaller ones. In this paper we also estimated the temperatures and brightnesses of the Monoceros radio loop at 1420, 820 and 408 MHz and of Cygnus loop. The spectra (mean temperature versus frequency) between the three frequencies, as well as the T - T graphs, are estimated and the spectral indices are also obtained. Using the supernova remnant (SNR) hypothesis for the origin of radio loops, distances are calculated from the surface brightnesses and the angular diameters. The obtained results confirm non-thermal origin of all radio loops and we show that our method is applicable to almost all SNRs.

In this paper we investigate charge transport in the alpha-helix proteins. It is considered that charge carriers are partially dressed small polarons, that are formed by electron self-trapping in the weak coupling limit. Polaron properties are considered by applying mean-field theory based upon the modified Lang-Firsov transformation and the Bogolyubov theorem. The transport properties have been calculated on the basis of the Holstein MC model. The obtained results are compared with the results of previous models.

Observations of the continuum radio emission at 1420, 820 and 408 MHz enabled estimations of the brightness of the radio loops. We calculated the mean brightness temperatures and surface brightnesses of the six main Galactic radio-continuum loops I-VI at the three frequencies. We have demonstrated the reality of Loops V and VI and presented diagrams of their spectra for the first time. We derived the radio spectral indices of Galactic radio loops from radio surveys at three frequencies. The method we have developed for large radio loops, was also used for smaller ones. In this paper we also estimated the temperatures and brightnesses of the Monoceros radio loop at 1420, 820 and 408 MHz and of Cygnus loop. The spectra (mean temperature versus frequency) between the three frequencies, as well as the T - T graphs, are estimated and the spectral indices are also obtained. Using the supernova remnant (SNR) hypothesis for the origin of radio loops, distances are calculated from the surface brightnesses and the angular diameters. The obtained results confirm non-thermal origin of all radio loops and we show that our method is applicable to almost all SNRs.

In this paper we investigate charge transport in the alpha-helix proteins. It is considered that charge carriers are partially dressed small polarons, that are formed by electron self-trapping in the weak coupling limit. Polaron properties are considered by applying mean-field theory based upon the modified Lang-Firsov transformation and the Bogolyubov theorem. The transport properties have been calculated on the basis of the Holstein MC model. The obtained results are compared with the results of previous models.

The paper deals with an elastomer body having a random 3D-distribution of two phase inclusions: spheroidal mutually parallel voids as well differently oriented reinforcing parallel elastomeric stiff spheroidal short fibers. By the effective field approach the effective stiffness 4-tensor as well as the effective thermal expansion 2-tensor are formulated and found numerically. Simultaneous and sequential embeddings of inclusions are compared. Special attention is paid to the problem of effective elastic and thermal symmetry. The results of the theory are applied to two families of inclusions (having either prolate fibres or oblate voids).

The paper deals with an elastomer body having a random 3D-distribution of two phase inclusions: spheroidal mutually parallel voids as well differently oriented reinforcing parallel elastomeric stiff spheroidal short fibers. By the effective field approach the effective stiffness 4-tensor as well as the effective thermal expansion 2-tensor are formulated and found numerically. Simultaneous and sequential embeddings of inclusions are compared. Special attention is paid to the problem of effective elastic and thermal symmetry. The results of the theory are applied to two families of inclusions (having either prolate fibres or oblate voids).