11 results on '"true thymic hyperplasia"'
Search Results
2. Thymic Parenchymal Hyperplasia.
- Author
-
Suster D, Ronen N, Pierce DC, and Suster S
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Humans, Hyperplasia, Diagnosis, Differential, Thymoma pathology, Thymus Hyperplasia complications, Thymus Neoplasms pathology, Lymphadenopathy
- Abstract
Thymic hyperplasia is a rare condition generally caused by lymphoid follicular hyperplasia associated with autoimmune disorders. True thymic parenchymal hyperplasia unassociated with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia is extremely rare and may give rise to difficulties in diagnosis. We have studied 44 patients with true thymic hyperplasia (38 females and 6 males) aged 7 months to 64 years (mean, 36 years). Eighteen patients presented with symptoms of chest discomfort or shortness of breath; in 20 patients, the lesions were discovered incidentally. Imaging studies demonstrated enlargement of the mediastinum by a mass lesion suspicious for malignancy. All patients were treated with complete surgical excision. The tumors measured from 3.5 to 24 cm (median, 10 cm; mean, 10.46 cm). Histologic examination showed lobules of thymic tissue displaying well-developed corticomedullary architecture, with scattered Hassall corpuscles separated by mature adipose tissue and bounded by a thin fibrous capsule. No cases showed evidence of lymphoid follicular hyperplasia, cytologic atypia, or confluence of the lobules. Immunohistochemical studies showed a normal pattern of distribution for keratin-positive thymic epithelial cells against a background rich in CD3/TdT/CD1a
+ lymphocytes. Twenty-nine cases had an initial clinical or pathological diagnosis of thymoma or thymoma vs thymic hyperplasia. Clinical follow-up in 26 cases showed that all patients were alive and well between 5 and 15 years after diagnosis (mean, 9 years). Thymic parenchymal hyperplasia causing significant enlargement of the normal thymus that is sufficient to cause symptoms or worrisome imaging findings should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anterior mediastinal masses. The criteria for distinguishing such lesions from lymphocyte-rich thymoma are presented., (Copyright © 2023 United States & Canadian Academy of Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Thoracoscopic approach for massive thymic hyperplasia in an infant: Case report and literature review.
- Author
-
Jiao J, Yu J, Chen C, Chen T, Zheng T, He L, and Zeng Q
- Abstract
Introduction: Massive thymic hyperplasia (MTH) is a very rare entity, with fewer than 20 cases reported in the literature in infancy. Most patients have respiratory symptoms and the enlarged thymus gland occupies one side of the thoracic cavity. Posterolateral thoracotomy or median sternotomy is the main treatment for MTH in infants. We report a case of an infant with MTH in which the enlarged thymus occupied his bilateral thoracic cavity and he underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). In addition, we reviewed and summarized the relevant literature., Case Report: A 4-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital with no apparent cause of dyspnea for 18 days, with cough and sputum. On examination, the patient was found to have cyanotic lips, diminished breath sounds in both lungs, and a positive three concave sign. There was no fever or ptosis. Preoperative imaging showed large soft tissue shadows in the bilateral thoracic cavity, with basic symmetry between the right and left sides. Tumor markers were within the normal range. Ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy showed normal thymic structures with no evidence of malignancy. As his symptoms worsened, he eventually underwent unilateral thoracic approach video-assisted thoracoscopic exploratory surgery, during which a large mass occupying the bilateral thoracic cavity was removed in a separate block and part of the thymus in the left lobe was preserved. Pathological examination confirmed true thymic hyperplasia (TTH). No relevant complications occurred at the 2-month postoperative follow-up., Conclusion: In infants, MTH occupying the bilateral thoracic cavity can produce severe respiratory and circulatory symptoms due to occupying effects. Although a definitive preoperative diagnosis is sometimes difficult, after combining computed tomography (CT) and fine needle biopsy to exclude evidence of other malignancies, the enlarged thymus occupying the bilateral thoracic cavity can be resected via VATS. Whether the enlarged thymus occupies the bilateral thoracic cavity and the size of the thymus are not absolute contraindications to thoracoscopic surgery. The method is safe, feasible, and minimally invasive to the patient., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Jiao, Yu, Chen, Chen, Zheng, He and Zeng.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. True thymic hyperplasia causing pure red cell aplasia: a case report.
- Author
-
Mohammad A, Dawson AG, Bajaj A, and Rathinam S
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Thymectomy adverse effects, Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure diagnosis, Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure etiology, Thymoma complications, Thymoma diagnostic imaging, Thymoma surgery, Thymus Hyperplasia complications, Thymus Hyperplasia diagnostic imaging, Thymus Neoplasms complications, Thymus Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Thymus Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Pure red cell aplasia caused by true thymic hyperplasia is extremely rare. We report the case of a 25-year-old female diagnosed with pure red cell aplasia. Following a thymectomy confirming true thymic hyperplasia and corticosteroid therapy, complete response was achieved. Patients diagnosed with pure red cell aplasia should be investigated with a computerized tomographic scan to assess for thymic pathology and if present, this should be resected. Follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. [Thymic hyperplasia: A study of 46 cases].
- Author
-
Mlika M, Yaiche R, Fourti A, Braham E, Houcin Y, Marghli A, and Mezni F
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Hyperplasia, Male, Lymphatic Diseases, Mediastinal Diseases, Thymus Hyperplasia diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Thymic hyperplasia presents as an anterior mediastinal mass and poses important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Two types of thymic hyperplasia are described: true hyperplasia and follicular hyperplasie. Literature data are peculiar concerning both entities. We aimed to describe the clinical and microscopic characteristics of thymic hyperplasia through a single institution experience during an 11-year-period., Methods: Thymic hyperplasia diagnosed during the period between 2009 and 2020 were included., Results: In all, 46 thymic hyperplasias were diagnosed. The 46 patients consisted in 33 women and 13 men with a mean age of 30 years. Microscopic diagnosis concluded to a follicular hyperplasia in 12 cases and a true thymic hyperplasia in 34 cases. The diagnosis of true thymic hyperplasia posed a diagnostic challenge with an involuted thymus in 1 case and a thymolipoma in 1 case. The confrontation with the clinical data allowed retaining the diagnosis., Conclusion: The diagnosis of thymic hyperplasia is based on microscopic features. The confrontation with clinical data and the measurements of the thymus according to the age allow to retain the diagnosis in most challenging cases., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Mediastinal thymoma: A difficult diagnosis in the pediatric age.
- Author
-
Brillantino C, Rossi E, Minelli R, Bifano D, Baldari D, Pizzicato P, Zeccolini R, and Zeccolini M
- Abstract
Thymoma is a rare neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum, which originates from the epithelium of the thymic gland; it occurs mainly in middle-aged adults and is much less common in children. The tumor has slow growth and is asymptomatic in most pediatric cases, thus resulting in an accidental discovery; one-third of the young patient presents symptoms related to the compression of the tumor mass on the surrounding anatomic structures and/or related to paraneoplastic syndromes. Surgery is the treatment of choice and complete resection of the thymoma achieves excellent long-term results in terms of disease-free survival. In this article, we report the clinical case of a 21-month-old girl who came to our observation for persistent cough for over a month investigated with a chest X-ray, performed in another hospital. The X-ray showed an extensive opacification of the left hemithorax with contralateral dislocation of the mediastinum. The instrumental investigations carried out in our hospital (ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance of the chest) showed a voluminous expansive mass of the left antero-superior mediastinum, which occupied the entire ipsilateral hemithorax and not dissociable from the thymus. At the histologic examination, the mass resulted to be a B1 thymoma with a low degree of malignancy according to the histologic classification of thymic tumors of the World Health Organization., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Massive true thymic hyperplasia in a 3-month-old infant: case report and literature review.
- Author
-
Yang M, Zeng L, Ji Y, Xiang B, and Xu ZC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Male, Prognosis, Thymectomy, Thymus Gland, Lymphatic Diseases, Thymus Hyperplasia diagnosis, Thymus Hyperplasia surgery
- Abstract
Background: True thymic hyperplasia (TTH) is characterized as a distinct increase in both size and weight of thymus, which retains normal microscopic and immunohistochemical appearances. Massive true thymic hyperplasia (MTTH) is an extremely rare but significant subtype of TTH in pediatric ages due to its potentially serious consequences. It was reported that the age of cases with MTTH was predominantly between 1 and 15 years, while those before 1 year rarely occurred. By presenting the diagnosis and treatment process of our case as well as reviewing the related literature, we aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of MTTH for patients younger than 1 year., Case: A 3-month-old male infant was admitted to our department with a chief complaint of gradually increasing polypnea over 9 days, whose preoperative imaging examination showed a large intrathoracic soft tissue shadow predominantly on the right side. The percutaneous fine-needle biopsy guided by ultrasonography was performed to identify its diagnosis. However, proliferating lymphocytes and Hassall`s corpuscles were seen microscopically in the biopsy tissues, which were immunohistochemically positive for CD3, CD19, CD20, CD99, TdT, PCK and Ki67 ( > 90%). Due to the aggravating symptoms, a second operation with total thymectomy was carried out successfully for this infant, which confirmed the diagnosis of TTH again by both morphological study and immunohistochemical staining from the surgical specimen., Conclusions: By reviewing the literature, there were only 10 cases with MTTH reported between 1975 and 2020 for children aged < 1 year of life, together with our present one. In MTTH patient`s sex had an obviously male predominance (70%). Nine out of 10 presented initial symptoms or signs related to respiratory system and 6 patients showed respiratory distress. All patients were successfully treated by surgical thymectomy without any postoperative complications. The prognosis of MTTH was very successful.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A rare association between true thymic hyperplasia and thyroid follicular tumor: a case report.
- Author
-
Kiwaki T, Tanaka H, Akiyama Y, Akaki M, Tomita M, and Kataoka H
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Mediastinal Diseases surgery, Middle Aged, Thoracoscopy, Thymus Hyperplasia surgery, Thyroglobulin blood, Thyroid Neoplasms surgery, Thyroidectomy, Thymus Hyperplasia complications, Thymus Hyperplasia diagnosis, Thyroid Epithelial Cells, Thyroid Neoplasms complications, Thyroid Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: True thymic hyperplasia is a rare condition characterized by enlargement of the thymus while its normal structure is retained. True thymic hyperplasia is known to accompany Graves' disease, but no association between true thymic hyperplasia and thyroid follicular tumor has been reported so far. We report a case of true thymic hyperplasia in a patient with a thyroid follicular tumor., Case Presentation: A 52-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a thyroid mass and a mediastinal mass. His serum thyroglobulin level was high, and hemithyroidectomy was performed to remove the thyroid mass. The resected mass was diagnosed as a follicular tumor of uncertain malignant potential. After resection of the thyroid lesion, the patient's serum thyroglobulin levels were markedly decreased. Seven months later, the patient underwent resection of the mediastinal mass. On pathological examination, the mass was found to consist of lobules, which formed a corticomedullary structure with Hassall's bodies, indicating a normal thymic mass with hyperplastic thymic tissue, less organized cellular cords, and intermingled adipose tissue. Immunostaining for cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 7 indicated that the lesion was consistent with thymic tissue. The lesion was diagnosed as true thymic hyperplasia, and the histological findings suggested that secondary atrophy had occurred. No evidence of recurrence was observed at 24 months after surgery., Conclusions: We present a case of a combination of true thymic hyperplasia and thyroidal follicular tumors that, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously. High serum thyroglobulin levels might play a role in hyperplasia of the thymus. Although true thymic hyperplasia is a rare disorder, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of a mediastinal mass in patients with thyroid disease.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Massive thymic hyperplasia in a 15-month-old boy: Case report and literature review.
- Author
-
Tadiotto E, Clemente M, Pecoraro L, Piacentini G, Degani D, and Pietrobelli A
- Abstract
A surgical approach is the choice in young infants with MTH, who are furthest from the time of physiological involution of the thymus, and when the thymus achieves the largest relative size, a surgical approach is the choice. Steroid therapy has been shown to be ineffective (4, 9, 16, 18-20). No surgical complications have been reported, and the outcome is excellent. Recurrence has been seen in only one case.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Thymic Hyperplasia Associated with Graves' Disease: Pathophysiology and Proposed Management Algorithm.
- Author
-
Haider U, Richards P, and Gianoukakis AG
- Subjects
- Animals, Autoimmunity, Combined Modality Therapy adverse effects, Conservative Treatment adverse effects, Decision Trees, Diagnosis, Differential, Graves Disease immunology, Graves Disease pathology, Graves Disease therapy, Humans, Incidental Findings, Organ Size, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Thymus Gland diagnostic imaging, Thymus Gland immunology, Thymus Gland physiopathology, Thymus Hyperplasia diagnosis, Thymus Hyperplasia pathology, Thymus Hyperplasia prevention & control, Graves Disease physiopathology, Models, Biological, Precision Medicine, Thymus Gland pathology, Thymus Hyperplasia etiology
- Abstract
Background: The association between Graves' disease (GD) and thymic hyperplasia (TH) was first described in 1912 and has been reported numerous times thereafter. TH associated with GD presents as an incidental mediastinal mass on chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT). The pathogenesis of TH in the setting of GD is unclear but seems to involve a complex interplay of hormonal and immunological mechanisms., Summary: Here, the effect that thyroid hormones and autoimmunity have on thymic growth and size is reviewed. The authors' experience, along with a review of published case reports, reveals that general physicians may be unfamiliar with this association. This lack of familiarity may result in an aggressive management course, including surgical intervention, along with its associated risks and costs. The differential diagnosis and diagnostic workup of thymic enlargement associated with GD is discussed in light of the available clinical evidence., Conclusion: Recent literature confirms the generally benign nature of TH associated with GD, and supports a conservative approach for the diagnostic workup and initial management. Practical management recommendations for thymic enlargement associated with GD have been formulated and are presented here.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A unilocular thymic cyst associated with true thymic hyperplasia: a challenging diagnosis especially in a child.
- Author
-
Mlika M, Gattoufi W, Zribi H, Braham E, Marghli A, and El Mezni F
- Abstract
We report a new case of a mediastinal mass in a 19-year-old patient corresponding microscopically to an association of unilocular thymic cyst and true thymic hyperplasia. Our aim is to highlight the absence of specificity of clinical and radiological findings and the necessity of a thorough sampling of the tumor in order to establish the diagnosis.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.