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Evidence of robust spin-dependent transport in monolayer graphene, deposited on the (0001) surface of the antiferromagnetic (AFM)/magneto-electric oxide chromia (Cr 2 O 3 ), is provided. Measurements performed in the non-local spin-Hall geometry reveal a robust signal that is present at zero external magnetic field and which is significantly larger than any possible ohmic contribution. The spin-related signal persists well beyond the Néel temperature (≈307 K) that defines the transition between the AFM and paramagnetic states, remaining visible at the highest studied temperature of close to 450 K. This robust character is consistent with prior theoretical studies of the graphene/Cr 2 O 3 system, predicting that the lifting of sub-lattice symmetry in the graphene shall induce an effective spin-orbit term of ≈40 meV. Overall, the results indicate that graphene-on-chromia heterostructures are a highly promising framework for the implementation of spintronic devices, capable of operation well beyond room temperature., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The aim of this study was to assess bioturbation rates in relation to macrozoobenthos and environmental variables in the Svalbard fjords, Barents Sea and Nansen Basin during spring to summer transition. The results showed differences in benthic community structure across sampled area in relation to sediment type and phytopigment content. Fjords, Barents Sea and the shallow parts of Nansen Basin (<400 m) were characterized by high functional groups diversity, and by biodiffusive and non-local rates ranging from 0.05 to 1.75 cm -2  y -1 and from 0.2 to 3.2 y -1 , respectively. The deeper parts of Nansen Basin (>400m), dominated by conveyors species, showed only non-local transport rates (0.1-1 y -1 ). Both coefficients intensity varied with benthic biomass. Non-local transport increased with species richness and density and at stations with mud enriched by fresh phytopigments, whereas biodiffusion varied with sediment type and organic matter quantity. This study quantified for the first time the two modes of sediment mixing in the Arctic, each of which being driven by different environmental and biological situations., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)