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In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to identify subgroups of job satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chinese male nurses and examine the factors associated with subgroup profiles. A convenience sample of 626 Chinese male nurses were enrolled from January to October 2021. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify profiles based on self-esteem, psychological resilience, social support, neuroticism, perceived prejudice, occupational stress, job satisfaction, and HRQoL. Chi-squared tests were used to examine predictors of profiles. Results indicated that a three-profile model provided the best fit: low job satisfaction and health (9.90%), moderate job satisfaction and health (64.06%), and high job satisfaction and health (26.04%). The average number of monthly night shifts was negatively correlated with the male nurses' subgroups. Psychological resilience, social support, and neuroticism were the key factors associated with the HRQoL of male nurses, while perceived prejudice, occupational stress, and self-esteem were the key factors associated with job satisfaction. Nurse administrators could improve their job satisfaction and health by reducing perceived prejudice, and job stress, increasing organizational support and resilience., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Low engagement with HIV services persists among young men with harmful alcohol use in South Africa. We previously piloted a rural community-based HIV service delivery model to engage this key population. In the initial study, male nurses visited alcohol-serving venues to provide HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services. From November 1 to December 30, 2021, we conducted interviews with 17 of 34 male pilot participants to evaluate program barriers, facilitators, and suggestions. All interviewees were satisfied with HIV testing and PrEP services. Participants overcame testing avoidance through peer influence and enhanced privacy. Barriers for PrEP initiation were stigma (PrEP mistaken for HIV treatment) and complacency toward HIV, while facilitators included desire to mitigate alcohol-associated risks, social support, and comfort with male community nurses. Most participants self-reported good adherence due to daily routines, nurse follow-ups, and social support, with lapses due to travel and alcohol use. Post-pilot, only three participants transferred to clinics to continue PrEP due to inconvenient access, unwelcoming environment, and stigma of clinic attendance. All participants wanted to restart community-based PrEP due to convenience, preference for male nurses, and avoidance of stigma. A few participants reported privacy concerns regarding peer-pressure to disclose test results and pills or home visits being mistaken for HIV treatment. Future suggestions included school/church visits, unmarked vehicles, nurse assistance with facilitated PrEP disclosure, patient ambassadors, and injectable PrEP. Community-based PrEP services using male nurses at alcohol-serving venues can reach men who otherwise would not engage in HIV services.

Background: The nursing profession has traditionally been dominated by females, with male nurses comprising a small minority. The labor and delivery unit is one area of nursing that is particularly associated with female care providers. Male nursing students face unique challenges and experiences while completing their clinical rotations in this setting. Understanding these challenges is vital to help support them during their clinical rotation. With the nursing shortage being a global concern, all students must be supported to achieve academic success, regardless of gender. Purpose: This study uses social role theory to explore the experiences of male nursing students during their clinical rotations in the L&D unit. Method: This study used a phenomenological qualitative approach to gather data through in-depth interviews with male nursing students who had completed their labor and delivery unit clinical rotations. The data were thematically analyzed. Findings: The analysis identified five main themes: Culture, Exclusion from the Learning Experience, Different Expectations for Men in Labor and Delivery Units, Men are not Equipped to Deal with Emotions in Labor and Delivery Units, and (Mis)interpretation of Touch. Conclusion: This study explored the experiences of male nursing students during their clinical rotations in the labor and delivery unit. The findings will add to the body of knowledge on gender and nursing education and provide valuable insight into the experiences of male nursing students, which can be used to support and improve nursing education in this area., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Kechi Iheduru-Anderson and Chimezie J. Agomoh.)

Purpose: To reveal the features of Lithuanian male nurses' professional becoming., Methods: The participants were six men who had been working as nurses for over a year, and one man who had been formerly employed as a nurse for over a year. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using inductive thematic analysis by Braun & Clarke., Results: 17 themes emerged after analysis: nursing not being the first choice, weird feelings of being in the minority during studies, having a vague initial idea of the work and a hard time starting the job; desire to help and interact with people, a tiring but fascinating variety of work, wide professional opportunities and love for the job; the challenges of high pace and workload, undervaluation and stereotypes, coping by standing up for oneself and separating work and life; the importance of a good team, gender being of little significance and joy that the number of men is increasing., Conclusion: These findings contribute to the growing knowledge of male nurses' experiences. The study sheds light on the challenges and rewards of being a male nurse in Lithuania, providing guidance for future research and highlighting the need to raise public awareness.

Background: Male nurses in clinical and educational settings are discriminated against. It is thought that perceiving the current situation of minority male nurses, who have the potential for social exclusion and oppression, and positively developing the perceptions of nursing students who are at the beginning of their professionalization lives, will contribute to the professionalization of future members of the profession., Objectives: This study was conducted to find solutions to the current and potential difficulties experienced by male nurses, first-year nursing students, through a forum theater activity., Method: The sample consisted of 24 first-year nursing students. Participants were given awareness training on male nurse discrimination using forum theater. Were given participants awareness training on male nurse discrimination using forum theater. Research data student information form, Gender Attitudes of Nursing Students Towards the Nursing Profession Scale and were used for qualitative data participant opinion form., Results: It was determined that the forum theater activity increased the awareness level of firstyear nursing students regarding gender attitudes towards the nursing profession. Students stated that participating in forum theater training was a real life experience in the learning process, that they were happy to participate in this training, and that participating in these events increased their self-confidence., Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that forum theater was effective in improving the awareness level of discrimination in the male nurse discrimination training given to nursing students. Forum theater can be used in nursing education., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background and Purpose: Men believe they are perceived as unfit for nursing. No scales exist to measure perceptions of men's fitness for nursing. Additionally, women have been largely excluded from this area of inquiry. This study's purpose was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Fitness in Nursing Scale for Men. Methods: Six hundred thirty-five nurses participated. Scale development entailed concept clarification, item development, and scale testing. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis suggested a two-factor structure (F1: nursing fitness and F2: strengths of men in nursing) which demonstrated good model fit, root mean square error of approximation = 0.059, 90% CI (0.056, 0.063), standardized root mean square residual = 0.055, comparative fit index = 0.932, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.927, and ω t = 0.98. Invariance held. Latent means were not significantly different for women ( M = 5.90) compared with men ( M = 5.92). Conclusions: Findings suggest men are perceived as fit for nursing, but results are inconsistent with men's qualitative experiences. Future research should attempt to reconcile the disagreement. Findings can inform cultural awareness strategies in the workplace and classroom., (© Copyright 2024 Springer Publishing Company, LLC.)

This comparative analysis explores interactions and relationships influenced by gender in nursing education for male students in the United Kingdom (UK) and Taiwan, using Unterhalter's (2007) fragmented frameworks of gender to understand historical backgrounds, policies, and clinical curricula. While the UK demonstrates a gradual increase in male nurses over time, emphasising specialisation and comprehensive clinical exposure, Taiwan faces challenges influenced by cultural factors, particularly resistance to male nurses in certain fields. Disparities in the percentage of male nurses on registers and challenges during clinical placements are examined, highlighting the multifaceted nature of gender as a noun, adjective, and verb. Both countries grapple with the imperative of gender inclusivity, with recommendations for targeted recruitment campaigns to challenge existing gender norms and eliminate barriers, fostering equitable environments in nursing education., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The author had no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could influence this work., (Copyright © 2024 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Aims: This review aims to synthesise the best available evidence exploring the lived experiences of males in the nursing profession on gender discrimination encounters., Background: The underrepresentation of males within the nursing profession could potentially cause discrimination and stereotypes against them, causing barriers to entry into, and retention within, the profession. With a shortage in manpower, the deterrence of males to nursing might exacerbate the existing manpower shortage. This review consolidates and highlights the lived experiences of males in the profession., Methods: The review was synthesised according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Employing the meta-synthesis approach, two independent reviewers conducted critical appraisal and data extraction of included studies, using the standard Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Instrument for Qualitative Research and a standardised data extraction form, respectively., Results: Twenty-three studies were included. Extracted findings were aggregated into 14 categories and synthesised into three themes: stereotypes, discrimination and challenges faced by males., Discussion: The synthesised findings showed that male nurses faced gender discrimination in multiple facets. These caused them to have difficulty in carrying out their nursing duties, missing out of clinical opportunities and causing them multiple social and mental stressors., Conclusion: This review informed the discriminatory experiences faced by males within the nursing profession. With males already underrepresented within this profession, it is imperative for interventions, policies and research to be made to address this issue to improve experiences of male nurses, thereby limiting the deterrence of males into the profession., Implications: Findings of this study showed that males are being stereotyped and discriminated, resulting in challenges faced solely because of their gender. Effective interventions and policies could be implemented to alleviate the negative experiences., (© 2023 International Council of Nurses.)

Aim: This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of male nurses towards human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccination and to examine whether knowledge about the HPV vaccine affects attitudes and beliefs about HPV vaccines., Background: HPV is responsible for ≈5% of all cancers worldwide. Therefore, vaccination against HPV is recommended to prevent HPV infections and HPV-related cancers in men and women., Methods: The study group included 383 male nurses who were asked to complete online questionnaires. The data were collected using the following tools: a sociodeomographical characteristics form, the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale (HPVKS), and The Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CHIAS)., Results: It was determined that the general HPV knowledge of the male nurses participating in the study was at a moderate level, but their knowledge of HPV screening test, HPV vaccination, and current HPV vaccination programmes were at a low level. Male nurses' HPV vaccination rates were relatively low, and most of them did not intend to be vaccinated. In addition, CHIAS Attitudes and Beliefs scores of the male nurses were at an average level and HPV knowledge affected the attitudes and beliefs of the nurses., Conclusion: These results demonstrate an opportunity to improve information and awareness about HPV and vaccines by nursing education., (© 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Nursing Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Introduction: This study aims to explore the thought, feelings and perceptions of male nursing students and male nursing professionals in the nursing profession., Methods: This present study used a qualitative research design to explore the feelings, thoughts, and opinions of male nursing students (first to fourth years) and male nursing professionals about their perception of the nursing profession. The study recruited 11 male nursing students and 11 male nursing professionals using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected via semi-structured individual interviews using qualitative open-ended inquiries consisting of seven questions. The data were analysed using thematic perspectives., Results: The analysis revealed three themes: (a) perceiving gender varieties, (b) taking apparent advantage of masculine characteristics, and (c) taking an equal perspective. Male students' replies to their professional gender attitudes were that there was no distinct line among the gender-related advantages and disadvantages according to whether they were first to fourth-year students., Conclusion: Male nursing students and professionals believe that nursing is equally appropriate for both men and women, and they could employ masculine characteristics to thrive in their professional development., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Huang et al.)

Aim: This study examined the correlation among turnover intention, emotional intelligence and job burnout in male nurses and determined its influencing factors., Background: The number of male nurses has increased in China; however, the turnover rate is very high. Nurses' turnover intention is related to job burnout and emotional intelligence., Introduction: Recent studies have shown that job burnout and emotional intelligence are related to medical and health institution employees' intention to leave their jobs. It is not clear if the same conclusions can be drawn about male nurses., Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 627 male nurses were recruited from across China between May and July 2018. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were performed to analyse the data., Results: There was a weak negative, moderate positive and moderate negative correlation between turnover intention and emotional intelligence, turnover intention and job burnout, and emotional intelligence and job burnout, respectively. Factors that significantly affected turnover intention among male nurses included job burnout, young age, lack of interest in nursing and working in the emergency department., Conclusion: The study revealed the factors that affected male nurses' turnover intention and the relationships between turnover intention, emotional intelligence and job burnout., Implications for Nursing Management and Social Policy: Hospital managers should provide necessary help and support to reduce male nurse turnover rates and incorporate emotional intelligence training. The policy should eliminate the unfair college admission practices for students choosing nursing majors, raise the nursing profession's salaries and vigorously develop specialty nursing. In addition, diversified values should be promoted, and stereotypes of male nurses in nursing should be broken., (© 2023 International Council of Nurses.)

Aim: This study aimed to examine foreign-educated male nurses' motivation to emigrate for work, as well as explore the contextual factors that shape their career trajectories., Background: To that end, we interviewed Chinese male nurses working in Japan. No previous study has examined why male nurses seek employment abroad or the problems they face., Methods: This study employed a qualitative and inductive research design. Sixteen Chinese male nurses working in Eastern and Western Japan were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling methods and were interviewed via video calls. Co-researchers of both genders from different occupational and cultural backgrounds coded the findings and identified common themes in participants' responses. We analysed our findings vis-à-vis various theoretical perspectives and developed an explanatory model., Results: Participants' experience as nurses in Japan ranged from six months to eight years. The findings confirmed that factors identified in earlier reports influenced nurses' motivation and work. Two new factors emerged: influence by others and social reasons . Moreover, two factors that affected male nurses' motivation to work abroad, namely, external factors and the influence of others, were identified. Social reasons were identified as a pull factor., Conclusion: Our study provides valuable insights into recruiting and retaining foreign male nurses in developed countries facing issues such as ageing populations and nursing shortages., Implications for Nursing Policy: This study has important implications for nursing management. Our findings highlight the importance of orienting foreign-educated nurses regarding the local work culture to increase the recruitment and retention of foreign talent. Moreover, enhanced salary packages and benefits to improve motivation can lead to improved job performance, which can positively impact patient and safety outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Aim: To investigate the male nurses' engagement in nursing work and the influencing factors., Design: A cross-sectional study., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 13 hospitals in China to collect data from 328 male nurses from August to October 2021. A structural equation model design was tested with validated measurement instruments., Results: The work engagement of male nurses in China was at a medium level. There was a high correlation of the male nurses' work engagement with career identity (r = 0.764, p < 0.01), career success (r = 0.735, p < 0.01) and social support (r = 0.477, p < 0.01). The linear multivariate regression analysis showed that career satisfaction (β = 0.393), career identity (β = 0.392) and subjective support (β = 0.116) entered regression equation of male nurses' work engagement (all p < 0.05). The structural equation model results showed that career identity and social support were the influencing factors of the male nurses' work engagement and the model explained variation of 66.4% variables., Conclusion: To know the male nurses' work engagement and influencing factors in China has certain enlightening significance for male nurses themselves and nursing manager. On the one hand, it is necessary to enhance the male nurses' career recognition to nursing work. On the other hand, the society should provide more aid and support to the male nurses. Therefore, the male nurses could devote more into nursing work and promote the nursing development., (© 2023 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Research interest in nursing's contribution to inpatient rehabilitation is growing. Nurses contribute to rehabilitation specifically by teaching patients how to care for themselves. This contribution is largely reported from a female or genderneutral perspective. Despite the work of male nurses being examined in a range of other specialities, their work within inpatient rehabilitation remains underexplored., Objective: To report on a grounded theory study to identify and make visible male nurse practice in inpatient rehabilitation in Australia., Design: Constructivist grounded theory informed by symbolic interactionism., Setting(s): Stage 1 data were collected in locations of participants choosing throughout Australia. Stage 2 data collection centred on seven data collection sites across two specialist rehabilitation hospitals in two states of Australia., Participants: Twenty-three male nurses and 15 patients participated in the study., Methods: Stage 1 (October 2013 to June 2014) consisted of semi-structured interviews with 11 male nurses. Stage 2 (February to April 2015) consisted of semi-structured interviews and 63.5 h of non-participant observation with 12 male nurses. Fifteen interviews with patients as recipients of male nurse care were also conducted. Data analysis included initial coding, focused coding, and theoretical coding using constant comparative methods, memo writing and diagramming., Results: Nurse participants were aware of patient perceptions about nursing being an occupation for women and male nurses being perceived as sexual threats, which led to an everyday concern of potential for misinterpretation. To address this concern, male nurses engaged in a three-phase process known as assessing and managing risk in order to minimise risk and to keep themselves safe in practice. However, two contextual conditions, type of care and urgency of care, influenced engagement in assessing and managing risk. The core category and substantive grounded theory to explain these results is finding a safe way., Conclusions: Gender stereotypes affected the daily working lives of male nurses in inpatient rehabilitation. To counter the risk of misinterpretation male nurses used a range of strategies to address the barriers encountered daily in their working lives. However, male nurse efforts were often influenced by conditions outside of their control. In inpatient rehabilitation, male nurses practised cautiously to keep themselves safe in order to practise nursing., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None, (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: There are not enough nurses around the world, and there are even fewer male nurses. It has not been easy for men to become nurses because of stereotypes about the roles of men and women in the workplace, which lead to prejudice and discrimination. This study explored how the self-esteem of male nurses and male nursing students affects their professional identity in an environment where stereotypes and social prejudice exist. This study also examined the differences of relevant variables in different sociodemographic characteristics of the research subjects in a Chinese social context., Methods: By purposive and snowball sampling, 464 male nurses and male nursing students were surveyed through questionnaires from November 2021 to January 2022. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS Macro 3.3., Results: Self-esteem could indirectly affect professional identity through perceived prejudice and psychological distress. Nonetheless, self-esteem still had a significant direct effect on professional identity. The total mediating effect accounted for 32.816% of the total effect, and the direct effect accounted for 67.184% of the total effect. Also of note was that 81.7% of participants reported experiencing psychological distress., Discussion: To improve the professional identity of male nurses and male nursing students, nursing educators and administrators should do the following: protect and improve their self-esteem; take steps to reduce social prejudice against them; value their mental health and alleviate their psychological distress., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wu, You, Pu, Li, Wu, Ma, Long, Zhang, Zhao, Guo, Cao, Tu and Zeng.)

(1) Background: One of the strategies to overcome the shortage of nurses is to minimize gender inequity in nursing culture, starting from the undergraduate education program. Although the number of men entering the nursing profession has increased over the years, the portion of male nurses remains low, particularly in Asian countries. Only a few studies have been conducted to identify gender inequity in nursing, and most of these studies used qualitative study design. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively identify gender equity in nursing education and the influence it has on nurse job satisfaction. (2) Methods: A total of 165 male nurses participated in this study. Validated questionnaires were used to assess gender equity in nursing education programs, nurse job satisfaction, nurse job esteem, and nursing professional pride. (3) Results: The mean score of gender equity in nursing programs was 62.6, showing a positive correlation with nurse job satisfaction, nurse job esteem, and nursing professional pride. Gender equity positively predicted nurse job esteem. (4) Conclusions: The gender equity in nursing education programs has positive predictive effects on the factors that influence male nurse job satisfaction. In order to increase nurse job retention, educators should incorporate strategies to minimize gender inequity.

Introduction: Despite advances in health care and education, males continue to be considered a minority in nursing programs. Little is known about the decision of Jordanian male nursing students to become nurses., Objective: The purpose of this research was to explore the factors that encourage or discourage Jordanian male nursing students from pursuing a career in nursing., Methods: A qualitative narrative approach was used for this study. Data were collected using semi-structured individual interviews. Purposive sampling was used in the research. In this study, interviews were conducted with a sample of 28 male college students., Results: The current study discovered that the following six themes exemplified the male nursing students' lives: "helping and caring," "job security and economic stability," "parents and peer influence," "level of autonomy," "social stigma," and "long working hours.", Conclusion: The study's findings highlighted the importance of researching male nursing students' motivating and inhibiting factors., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Aims: This research aimed to identify the factors that impact why men do not view nursing as a career choice., Design: Qualitative description was utilized to capture the rich narratives and insight of participants., Methods: Through convenience sampling, nine New Zealand qualified male nurses within their first three years of practice were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between November 2019 and January 2020 via zoom from sites across New Zealand. All interviews were recorded and transcribed, with the data analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis., Results: The findings reflected the experiences of the research participants as they made sense of a predominantly female-dominated work environment both during their undergraduate training and prior to recruitment. The research identified two key themes: The first found that men in nursing experienced isolation due to the societal gendering of nursing influencing the participant's knowledge and understanding of what nursing was, as a career. The second theme found that for participants, nursing was not prominent in their awareness when leaving school and making career choices., Conclusion: This research indicates that nursing as a career choice for men is still underpinned by a lack of understanding of the actual role of the nurse and what nurses do, and is more supported by a societal perception that nursing is still a feminized profession. Findings can be used to make recommendations for change in the profession to strengthen diversity in the workforce and redefine the recruitment of men into nursing., Impact: This research reviewed the career choices of men in nursing and why they chose nursing as a profession. Understanding the barriers of why men do not consider nursing as a career choice assists with finding strategies in both the clinical and academic environments that can enable greater gender diversity within the nursing profession., No Patient or Public Contribution: This applies to this research as the focus was on male registered nurses only., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Many studies have focused on sexual harassment of female nurses perpetrated by patients and coworkers. However, as males in a female-dominated occupation, male nurses are also at risk of being exposed to sexual harassment. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of workplace sexual harassment faced by male nurses in South Korea and to identify related factors., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey that recruited male nurses working in various general hospitals in South Korea. In total, 246 participants with at least 6 months of clinical experience enrolled in an online survey, and 155 male nurses were included in the final analysis. Data were collected from May 31, 2019 to July 26, 2020. Items on the questionnaire included sexual harassment experiences, nursing work environment, and general characteristics of the participants. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participants' general characteristics and a negative binomial regression model was used to analyze predictors of workplace sexual harassment., Results: The mean number of sexual harassment incidents was 3.2 ± 5.5. The majority (65.2%) of male nurses had experienced sexual harassment at least once at work. The negative binomial regression model in the study was found to be acceptable (likelihood ratio chi-square = 30.03, df = 18, p = .037). The perceived nursing work environment was the only significant predictor of sexual harassment towards male nurses (p = .001; incidence rate ratio = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.20-0.66)., Conclusions: Nursing administrators must recognize that men in female-dominated occupation may experience sexual harassment in the workplace. Specific and realistic managerial policies and educational programs should be implemented to prevent workplace sexual harassment and improve the nursing work environment for male nurses., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of career identity on career success among Chinese male nurses and to examine the mediating role of work engagement in this relationship., Background: Recently, with the development of the nursing career, male nurses take up a higher share and play a more important role in the nursing team. With its own particularity and advantages, this group's stability closely relates to the future of the nursing team. Therefore, promoting the career success of the male nurses is essential to the nursing team development., Methods: The data were collected in China. A sample of 557 male nurses completed measures of career identity, work engagement and career success scale. Structural equation model was adopted to verify the research hypotheses., Results: Career identity was significantly and positively related to male nurses' work engagement and career success (p < .01). And work engagement partially mediated the association between career identity and career success., Conclusion: Career identity is critical to predicting and enhancing male nurses' career success. Work engagement plays an intervening mechanism explaining how career identity promotes career success among male nurses., Implications for Nursing Management: Nursing management should minimize the impact of the traditional concept, implement the gender equality and provide moderate care for male nurses to facilitate balanced development of gender by upgrading the management system. The administrators should carry out skill training based on male nurses' features and the need of the department. Given full play to their respective advantages, male nurses will make great progress in professional development and achieve greater career identity and work engagement. Meanwhile, the further exploration of better incentive mechanism also makes sense in improving career identity and work engagement by the reform of performance appraisal mechanism and salary adjustment according to their ability., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Nursing Management published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: This qualitative systematic review was conducted to describe the lived experience of men in nursing., Design: A systematic review of qualitative studies., Methods: Five databases (Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) were systematically searched. The PRISMA guideline was used for reporting the literature search in different phases, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program, a qualitative research checklist, was used to evaluate the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Thomas and Harden's thematic analysis approach for qualitative research was used for data synthesis., Results: Six qualitative studies were included. Five analytical themes related to lived experiences of men in nursing emerged: value in nursing, the double-edged sword of gender, being accepted in the nursing profession, attractions of nursing and coping strategies., (© 2022 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Nursing and nursing professionals are associated with social stereotypes, which may hinder the profession's development and future prospects as a scientific discipline. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the stereotypes associated with the nursing profession-students and professionals. Therefore, we carried out an integrative review. The search was conducted using PubMed, WOS, and CINAHL databases, and its search strategy was based on a combination of standardised keywords and natural vocabulary, with a temporal limit between 2016 and 2021. The data extraction and analysis was based on the conceptual framework developed by Whittemore and Knafl. Twenty-seven studies were included in the review, and their results were classified and coded. Two categories emerged, namely, stereotypes relating to the professionals' gender and stereotypes relating to the profession itself. We concluded that the nursing profession is viewed as female with low skills, social status, salary, academic level and entry requirements, and with little autonomy. Male nurses' professional competencies and masculinity are questioned, while the work carried out by female nurses is viewed as unprofessional. To reduce these stereotypes and bias we must present the nursing profession as a scientific discipline, developed by both men and women. Specific channels for this awareness-raising work include interventions from universities and the media, and participation in health policies.

Background: Gender stereotypes influence both women and men who work as nurses as well as individuals considering nursing as a profession. The aim of this study was to explore male and female nursing students' experiences and perspectives regarding gender-defined roles as well as how they view their future professional roles., Methods: The study used a descriptive qualitative design. A convenience sample included 72 full-time second- and third-year undergraduate nursing students. Data were collected in 2017 using a self-administered qualitative questionnaire consisting of 11 essay-type questions. As an additional data collection method, a drawing method was applied. The data were analysed by content analysis separately for the male and female perspectives., Results: Altogether, eight themes emerged, with half explaining the male and the other half the female students' perspectives. Students choose nursing for altruistic, opportunistic and organisational reasons. Among the female students, another reason "family and social incentives" was also identified. Female students' vision of their future professional role included altruism and positive representations of 'being a nurse', whereas the male students' vision included management and leadership, and technical aspects of nursing., Conclusions: Both male and female nursing students face the limits of their own gender roles, yet they are prepared to challenge these gender-based perceptions. Tackling stereotypes and raising public awareness, using gender-inclusive language and strategies for recruitment, ensuring gender diversity in nursing teams and revising the nursing curriculum where appropriate, are just some of the implications that arise to help overcome gender differences., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting the quality of life and work of male nurses in Hainan Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis to improve the motivation of male nurses, reduce job-hopping intentions, and maintain the stability of labor force., Methods: A total of 393 male and 393 female nurses with registered nurse qualifications from 53 hospitals in Hainan Province were selected as the research subjects. The distribution in various hospital departments, quality of life, stress coping ability, social support and job satisfaction were compared. The factors affecting the quality of life of male nurses were analyzed., Results: Male nurses worked mainly in the intensive care unit (ICU), operating rooms and emergency departments, while female nurses worked mainly in general wards. There were significant differences in physical function, general health, social functioning, and mental health between male and female nurses (P<0.05), and female nurses had significantly higher Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores than male nurses (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in coping styles between male and female nurses in stressful working environments (P>0.05). Male nurses scored significantly lower than female nurses in objective support, subjective support, support utilization and total score (P<0.05), and male nurses exhibited significantly lower job satisfaction than female nurses (P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that years of experience, work unit, monthly income, social support and job satisfaction were the independent risk factors affecting the quality of life of male nurses., Conclusion: Male nurses in Hainan Province mostly worked in departments with high work intensity and pressure, and the overall quality of life, social support and job satisfaction were significantly lower than those of female nurses. Therefore, psychological guidance for male nurses should be strengthened, the salary of male nurses should be increased, higher social support should be provided, to reduce job burnout and thus improve their quality of life., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2022.)

Nurse shortages and nurse attrition are high in many countries, and there is also a dearth of male nurses in the profession. This study aimed to examine the level of intention to stay and ten predictors of this among male nurses in China. A descriptive, predictive study was administered to 480 registered male nurses. Eight research instruments were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were employed to analyze the data. The overall intention to stay in the nursing profession as perceived by male nurses was at a moderate level. Binary logistic regression demonstrated that work group cohesion, transformational leadership, career growth, and job satisfaction were significant predictors, explaining 32.2% of the total variance for intention to stay. The findings of this study provide suggestions for nursing administrators and policymakers to develop appropriate strategies or interventions to increase the intention to stay for male nurses to stay in the profession, based on the four predictors., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Introduction: Patient, nurse and public discrimination against male nurses is well-documented. Male nurses encounter challenges in degendering nursing and becoming more visible nursing professionals. However, little is known about male nurses' decisions and strategies to address issues concerning gender-based discrimination and professional visibility., Aims: To develop a comprehensive understanding of the approaches of male nurses to degender nursing and become more visible in the profession., Methods: A metasynthesis using the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search terms included 'lived experiences', 'male nurses', 'clinical practice', 'male educators' and 'male nurse managers'. In total, 16 qualitative studies published from January 2005 to November 2020 were critically appraised and synthesised. Two authors independently extracted data using summary tables. Data were synthesised using thematic synthesis which entails generation of codes and development of descriptive and analytical themes., Results: Male nurses used intrapersonal, interpersonal and strategic adaptation to degender nursing and becoming visible as a nursing professional. These approaches entailed goal-directed behaviours, relationship-building strategies and positive and negative manipulation of resources., Discussion: The approaches to degender nursing enabled men to prove their worth as competent nursing professionals, lessen the gendered stigmatisation and receive autonomy and respect., Conclusions: Degendering the gendered stigmatisation of nursing and becoming a visible nursing professional is essential for male nurses to promote diversity in the profession. Male nurses used both negative and positive approaches to gain recognition, respect and autonomy. They continued their struggles to promote the role of men as nurses., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Nursing institutions and regulatory bodies could use the findings to develop conducive environments to degender nursing and increase male nurses' visibility. Future male nurses could use the identified positive approaches and tailor them to meet their needs to become more visible and competent nursing professionals., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: To identify and summarize evidence of objective achievements and subjective indicators associated with professional success of men in nursing., Background: Despite being a minority group, men in nursing are purported to enjoy hidden advantages., Evaluation: In this integrative review, studies from seven databases were retrieved and independently evaluated using the quality appraisal tools in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Inductive content analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted, guided by the aim of this review., Key Issues: In total, 12 studies published between 1987 and 2021 were included. Two themes with related subthemes supporting or refuting professional success of men were identified. These were (a) evidence of professional success and (b) challenges to professional success., Conclusion: As a minority group, men are highly visible in nursing, which is a double-edged sword. Although men were overrepresented in senior nursing positions of higher salaries than women, they also experienced gender stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, which reduced the duration of men staying in a specific nursing position., Implications for Nursing Management: Findings of this study highlighted the need for nurse leaders to proactively address specific gender issues that are unique to men in the nursing workforce., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Nursing is considered to be a primarily female profession, particularly in Saudi Arabia, despite the fact that male nurses have contributed to the advancement of the nursing profession in various specialties, such as military nursing, mental health, and critical care., Purpose: We explore the factors influencing Saudi male nursing interns to study within the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia., Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. A convenience sample of 12 Saudi male nursing interns from different nursing colleges were recruited, alongside four hospital internship coordinators. The data were collected by conducting two semi-structured focus group interviews and four individual interviews. All the interviews were analyzed using a comparative analytical approach., Results: Role models and the role of the internship year were identified as factors influencing Saudi male nurses' decision to study nursing. However, hospital placements, cultural preferences, and the preferences of patients and their families for female nurses were the key challenges encountered. Importantly, this study demonstrated that social media plays a critical role in raising awareness regarding the importance of Saudi male nurses. Conclusion : Awareness needs to be raised of the nursing profession as a gender-diverse field through volunteering programs for the community. It is recommended that Saudi male nurses act as role models for students in the Academic Orientation Forum and on social media.

Introduction: Nurses make up the largest portion of the health care system throughout the world, hence, making the profession the backbone of health care. The nursing workforce is made up of both males and females. However, the majority of nurses are predominately females with the number of male nurses reported to be unappreciable., Objective: The study therefore aimed to explore the experiences and motivation of male nurses in a tertiary hospital in Ghana., Methods: A qualitative descriptive research design was employed to explore the lived experiences of male nurses. A total of 20 male nurses were purposively selected, and in-depth interviews were conducted with a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis., Results: The findings revealed 2 major themes: motivation and experiences of male nurses. The subthemes were individual motivations, external influence, intersecting social reactions and public perceptions, mixed encounters with patients, and satisfaction with the profession., Conclusion: Male nurses are motivated to a large extent to be part of the nursing profession but will be deeply involved in the profession if some factors affecting them are addressed. Future studies may address the roles of nurse managers in mentoring more males to be involved in the nursing profession., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2021.)

It is estimated that more than 9% of the global nursing workforce is male and that this share will gradually rise over the next decade. Although there are some positive aspects of having a male nursing workforce, men in the profession still experience discriminatory behaviours and practices. Fortunately, this does not deter a number of men entering undergraduate degree programmes. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of 14 male nursing students in their first year of the adult Bachelor of Nursing programme. Using the Inventory of Male Friendliness in Nursing Programs and the Gender Role Conflict Scale, this study found that the male students felt welcomed, supported and included into the nursing programme. In addition, they felt no overall gender-role conflict, although feelings of success and achievement caused some challenges. The results of this study suggest that the male students did not necessarily experience those inequitable behaviours and practices reported in the literature. It has been suggested that perhaps the reality of clinical practice may change the perception of nursing for male students. Therefore, implications for further research could include a longitudinal study to ascertain where the perceptions of the nursing programme change for the male nursing students over time.

The study examined predictors of male nurse turnover intention in Korea using data collected from Korean hospitals. The results were obtained based on a secondary analysis of data previously collected from 306 male nurses in 16 regions of Korea from December 2014 to February 2015. Our findings suggest that male nurse turnover intention is predicted by (1) individual factors: single (B = 0.93, p = 0.008); (2) organizational factors: organizational commitment (B = -0.36, p < 0.001), job satisfaction (B = -0.27, p = 0.001), and job stress (B = 0.24, p < 0.001); and (3) social factors: hospital location in medium-categorized cities (B = 0.70, p = 0.012) and kinship responsibility (B = 0.13, p = 0.026). These factors accounted for 56.9% of the total variance. To lower the rate of turnover intention among male nurses, strategic interventions should be implemented based on the factors identified in this study.

Background: The #MeToo and #Times Up movements have put a global spotlight on the phenomenon of sexual harassment in healthcare. Yet, most studies have explored sexual harassment among female professionals. This study departs from current research practices and investigates the frequency of sexual harassment in male nurses working in the Greek NHS and the reasons for not reporting their experiences., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) to collect data from 507 male nurses working in Greece's various settings during October and February 2021. The electronic survey was sent to male nurses (n=3,091 registered with the Hellenic Association of Nurses. Survey items were consent form, demographics, three-dimensions of sexual harassment, silencing and negative consequences. Questions were measured using five-point Likert scales, binary scale and multiple-choice questions. ANOVA and T-tests were used to investigate whether specific groups more frequently dealt with sexual harassment. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between independent variables (sexually harassing behaviours) and the dependent variable (participants' negative physical, mental, and job-related outcomes)., Results: 40% of male nurses have experienced sexual harassment at least once in their working lives, and the most common form of sexual harassment faced was gender harassment, followed by unwanted sexual attention. Male doctors and male nurses were the most common perpetrators. Private and younger male nurses with up to 5 years of experience experienced more frequent sexual harassment. 30% did not report sexual harassment due to the fear that no one would believe them, and because of beliefs, no action would be taken against the wrongdoer. Multiple regression analyses showed that unwanted sexual attention and sexual coercion were associated with physical and job-related outcomes. Cronbach Alpha was 0.91., Conclusion: A high proportion of male nurses have experienced sexual harassment during their careers. Being younger with limited working experience and working in the private sector were positively associated with sexual harassment. Policymakers and health managers should focus on sexual harassment prevention strategies and report-enabling policies., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Background: Nursing requires a high load of emotional labour. The link between nursing, emotional labour and the female sex, complicates the figure of the male nurse, because masculinity is associated with physical or technical (rather than emotional) and moreover is defined in contrast to femininity. Our objective was to understand how emotion management is described by male nurses who work in the paediatrics department of a Spanish tertiary hospital., Methods: Qualitative descriptive study. The participants were selected through intentional sampling in the paediatrics department of a Spanish tertiary hospital. We conducted semi-structured interviews until reaching data saturation. We carried out a content analysis, using Lincoln and Guba's definition of scientific rigour., Results: We identified two key themes in the data: 1) Stereotypes related to the emotional aspects of care: Participants took for granted some gender stereotypes while questioning others and defended alternative ways of managing emotions related to care. 2) Emotion management strategies: Participants described keeping an emotional distance, setting boundaries, relativising problems and using distraction and humour., Discussion: Nursing care is conditioned by gender roles and stereotypes that present men as less capable than women of feeling and managing emotions. However, emotion management is necessary in nursing care-especially in paediatrics-and our participants reported using strategies for it. Although participants continued to interpret care in terms of traditional roles, they contradicted them in adapting to the emotional labour that their job requires., Conclusions: New behaviours are emerging among male nurses, in which care and emotion management are not exclusively the purview of women. Our participants reproduced some gender stereotypes while disrupting others, and they tended to cling to the stereotypes that were favourable to them as male nurses. As we work towards a gender-neutral profession, these results represent a first step: male participants reported that they provide care and manage their emotions as well as (or better than) women. However, because they substantiated their claims by drawing on negative stereotypes of women, further progress must be made.

Florence Nightingale is credited with reforming the profession of nursing, and her teachings allowed nursing to be perceived as an almost exclusively female career. However, the long history of men's role in nursing before Nightingale is frequently ignored. Males currently account for one in ten UK nurses, with that figure even less in community nursing, and the ones present receive differential treatment when it comes to hiring and promotion, career opportunities, and stigma associated with gender perceptions. This article attempts to gain a better understanding of the problems that face workforce planning with regards to the lack of men in community nursing.

Background: There still remains a gender divide between men and women when it comes to the provision of nursing care. To date, there is a plethora of literature that describes the barriers men face in the profession. However, there is very little with regard to the patients' qualitative experience of male nursing/midwife care., Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of women being cared for by a male nurse/midwife., Method: Inductive content analysis was undertaken on blog posts from an online parenting site as they related to the care provided by male nurses and midwives., Results: A total of 128 blog posts were identified. There were two themes identified-feeling comfortable and feeling cared for. There was a polarized view to the care provided by male nurses and male midwives with respondents either flatly refusing, or wanting a preference as to which gender provided care, to others expressing it was the best care they ever experienced. The provision of care was where the blog posts differed significantly. There were mixed emotions from angered embarrassment at the thought of a male nurse/midwife providing intimate care to being Ok with nonintimate care such as the taking of vital signs., Conclusion: It would appear from the blog posts analyzed that the assimilation of men into clinical areas generally seen as the purview of female nurses is slowly becoming accepted although further research as to the patient perspective of male nursing/midwifery care in these areas is needed., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Exploration of professional development experiences of male nurses can help develop evidence-based strategies to attract males into nursing. The study aims to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of being a male in nursing profession that male nurses and male nursing students experience in their professional development., Methods: A descriptive qualitative research was designed. Purposive sampling was applied and 24 males (12 nursing students and 12 clinical nurses) participated. Semi-structured individual interviews were used in data collection. Thematic analysis was used in data analysis., Results: Professional development of male nurses was related to three interplayed identities: a man, a nurse, and a minority. Three themes emerged relating to the professional development of the males: "feeling role strains" "taking perceived advantage of masculine traits" and "taking an egalitarian viewpoint". There was no clear line between the gender-related advantages and disadvantages as factors influencing professional development can be turned by the males from barriers to facilitators., Conclusions: Male nurses perceive nursing as equally suitable for males and females and make use of masculine traits to thrive in their professional development.

Background: Macau and the Mainland China have different political and socio-economic policies but are both influenced by Chinese culture. By comparing the professional development experiences of male nurses from Macau and the Mainland, this study aims to explore factors influencing the recruitment and retention of male nurses., Methods: A collaborative, qualitative approach was adopted in which researchers from Macau and the Mainland were jointly involved in carrying out interviews and analyzing data. A total of 24 clinical male nurses were invited, with 12 each from Macau the Mainland. Recruitment was based on purposive sampling from various health institutions in the two regions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2017-2018 with similar interview guidelines for both Macau and the Mainland sites. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis, and Nvivo11 Plus software was used to facilitate the analysis., Results: Key facilitators/barriers to recruitment and retention of male nurses were clustered under the two research questions: 1) What are the factors influencing the recruitment of male nurses? 2) What are the factors influencing the retention of male nurses? Males in Macau and the Mainland experienced pressure while entering nursing because of the stereotype that nursing is a feminine occupation. However, males in Macau chose nursing as a college major under their own volition while males in the Mainland were mostly forced into nursing. The males in Macau hardly thought of leaving nursing while their Mainland counterparts constantly felt uncertain about their professional future. The males on both sides hoped to thrive in career development. While the Macanese tended to pursue advanced programs in specialty nursing for better health care in the frontline, the Mainlanders wanted to get promoted to leave the frontline., Conclusion: Male nurses in Macau and Mainland share some common experiences in professional development but have different views and values regarding nursing.

Background: Caring is mostly considered a characteristic of women and men are considered hard-hearted. In the nursing profession, female nurses are considered more caring than male nurses which influence patients' views about the care provided by male nurses. There is limited knowledge about patients' beliefs and views about caring behaviors of male nurses., Purpose: To explore caring behaviors of male nurses from patients' perspectives., Design: A descriptive qualitative study drawn from a larger convergent mixed methods study METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 15 patients from 14 medical surgical units of three private hospitals in Islamabad, Pakistan. Inductive thematic analysis was used for data analysis., Findings: Patients reported that male nurses are respectful, considerate, good listener, unbiased, and supportive., Conclusion: These findings delineated five tangible caring behaviors that patients expect from the male nurses who care for them. It suggests that patients have specific expectations from their male nurses for providing effective nursing care. The male nurses can foster these behaviors to enhance their relationships with their patients., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Proposes: Delivery of healthcare involves engagements of patients, nurses and other health professionals. The Social Identity Theory (SIT) can provide a lens to investigate intergroup interactions. This study explores how male nurses deal with intergroup tensions and conflicts with patients and physicians when delivering healthcare., Methods: A collaborative qualitative research study was conducted by two research teams, with one from Mainland China and the other from Macau. Twenty-four male nurses were recruited, with 12 from each of the two regions. A similar guide was used by the two teams to conduct in-depth interviews with the participants. Thematic analysis was used, and SIT guided the data analysis and interpretation of the results., Results: Four themes identified are related to nurse/patient relationships: respecting patients' decisions, neglecting minor offenses, defending dignity, taking a dominant position; two themes are related to nurse/physician relationships: rationalizing physicians' superiority over nurses, establishing relationships with physicians by interpersonal interactions., Conclusion: Male nurses avoid confrontation with patients in case of disagreements but take on gender- and profession-based dominance in dealing with intense conflicts to maintain healthcare order. They do not challenge the status hierarchy between nurses and physicians but manage to maintain harmonious relationships with physicians by engaging in interpersonal activities with physicians in leisure times., Implication: Male nurses can take the lead to create inclusive groups to engage patients and physicians in delivering healthcare. The masculine traits of male nurses do not subvert the nurse/physician hierarchy stereotype but strengthen it., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests for this work. While the funding body provided financial support, it had no role in the design of the study, data collection, data analysis, and writing the manuscript., (© 2020 Mao et al.)

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate stereotypes of occupational gender roles about male nurses, as viewed from both emic and etic perspectives., Background: Male nurses are a minority group in health institutions. Stereotypes have been questioned regarding these males' occupational role and presence in the nursing profession., Design: A qualitative description design was used., Methods: During 2016, semi-structured interviews (N = 30) were conducted with male nurses (n = 10) (emic group), female nurses (n = 10) and discharged patients (n = 10) (etic groups) from four public hospitals., Results: Seven categories with respective themes and subthemes emerged. Three categories were captured for emic groups, namely, existing stereotypes, experiences of stereotyping and the influences of stereotypes on work performance. Four categories emerged for etic groups, namely, treatment preferences, types of stereotyping towards male nurses, origin of stereotypes and effects of stereotypes., Conclusion: Positive and negative stereotypes were reported by both emic and etic groups, with etic groups revealing more stereotypes. Effort should be made by both management in the practice environment and the media to counter the stereotyping of male nurses., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Background: Nurses professional duty mean that nurses must care for patients without gender discrimination. Meanwhile, the intrinsic differences between men and women and the need for personal contact with the patients during care procedures can create challenges for male nurses in the process of caring for a female patient., Aims: The present study aims to understand the challenges of male nurses in the care of female patients in Iran., Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 20 male nurses selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through unstructured and semi-structured interviews as well as observations and were analysed using conventional content analysis, based on the Graneheim and Lundman model., Findings: The findings revealed two main themes, including 'religious-cultural restrictions' and 'inappropriate organizational context'., Discussion/conclusion: Male nurses are faced with a combination of religious-cultural and organizational challenges in providing patient care without discrimination in clinical settings. In addition to negatively affecting the quality of nursing care and satisfaction for female patients, these problems also create a stressful work environment for male nurses., Implications for Health Practice and Policy: These problems can be alleviated in clinical settings by trying to ensure same-gender nurses and patients, especially when performing personal care. In addition to the efforts made by nurses to present a positive and real image of themselves in caring for female patients, health policy-makers should also attempt to improve society's attitude towards male nurses caring for female patients through the media., (© 2020 International Council of Nurses.)

Aims: To understand the working experiences and career trajectories of male nurses in China., Background: Compared with developed countries, men were far more under-represented in the nursing profession in China. Little is known about the working experiences of Chinese male nurses and the contextual factors that contribute to their low participation rate in the nursing profession., Methods: In-depth interviews with twenty-five male nurses and two hospital administrators were conducted. All interviews were analysed using thematic analysis., Results: Chinese male nurses had better career prospects and promotion chances compared with female nurses. The extremely low participation rate of men in nursing was related to the prejudice among the general public as well as the low professional status and salary. Two unique contextual factors influenced the career trajectories of male nurses in China: (1) the major assignment mechanism in the college entrance examination and (2) the implementation of the two-child policy., Conclusion: Although Chinese male nurses enjoyed many advantages compared with female nurses, they also encountered many difficulties related to working in a female-dominated profession., Implications for Nursing Management: Appropriate measures should be taken to shift public attitudes towards male nurses, improve the professionalization of nursing and promote gender diversity and equity., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aims and Objectives: To explore the regulation role of work resources in male nurses' job burnout and job demands., Background: Burnout syndrome affects a wide range of nurses. Although burnout and turnover rate have drawn many researchers' attention, little is known of work characteristics that may cause a high burnout and turnover rate in male nurses., Design: A survey design was used., Method: A total of 366 male nurses in Guangzhou hospitals were included in this survey using the Burnout Scale (MBI-GS) and the Job demands Resources Scale. Data were processed by hierarchical regression analysis. (Followed the STROBE checklist) RESULTS: The male nurse's MBI score was (2.72 ± 1.02). Job demands affected the severity of male nurses' job burnout. Work resources are in a low level, especially at the social support, reward and skill diversity. The regression coefficients β of job demands, work resources and interaction items of job demands and work resources were 0.277, 0.314 and -0.006, respectively, and both passed the significance test (p < .01).). The new explanatory quantity ΔR 2 after introducing the interaction between job demands and working resources was also statistically significant (ΔR 2  = 0.254, p < .01)., Conclusion: Male nurses are at a mild level of job burnout, and work resources are in shortage. Work resources play a regulating role in job demands and burnout., Relevance to Clinical Practice: The mild burnout may be a surface phenomenon or was a sign of trend of male nurses' intention to leave the job. Managers should pay attention to the emotional needs and mental health problems of male nurses' work environment., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The role of men in nursing is not always evident. Men have been care takers in early societies, military health care, and the religious sector. The perception of men in nursing, however, took a shift from one of honor to one of deviance and failure from medical school. As the contributions of historical men in nursing, such as Walt Whitman, are brought to light, so are the contributions of select men within the Gerontological Advanced Practice Nurses Association (GAPNA). Dr. George Peraza-Smith provides an exclusive interview, shares his dedication and contributions to the care of the aging adult, and provides words of wisdom to those wanting to impact the care of geriatric nursing., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aims: (1) To learn how male nurses view and manage their relationships with families of hospitalized children, in contrast to how they view those established by female nurses. (2) To know if male nurses' relationships with families of hospitalized children are influenced by gender roles and stereotypes., Background: Relationships are essential in care. Prevailing gender stereotypes suggest that males have more difficulties with relationships than with technical aspects of nursing., Method: Descriptive qualitative research in a public tertiary hospital September-December 2015. Participants were male nurses who worked in maternal and child health. Purposive sampling, based on criteria of homogeneity-regularity and heterogeneity-diversity. Semi-structured interviews and content analysis., Findings: Twelve male nurses participated. Two key themes emerged. (1) Establishment of professional-family relationship. Male nurses denied that male and female nurses established relationships with families differently, attributing any differences to personality rather than gender. (2) Management of relationships. Male nurses claimed that they set more limits on their relationships with families than female nurses., Discussion: Male nurses both disrupted and reproduced gendered stereotypes about relationships with families, revealing new models of masculinity., Conclusion: Male nurses reject the stereotype that nursing is a women's profession, but they interpret their relationships with families in terms of gender roles and stereotypes., Implications for Nursing and Nursing Policy: These findings contribute to understandings of the influence of gender stereotypes in nursing. They support the work of professional associations and labour unions in Spain and other countries to combat gender stereotypes and gender differences in nursing., (© 2019 International Council of Nurses.)

African-American men are significantly underrepresented in nursing. An increase in African-American nurses would more accurately represent the patient demographic and has the potential of mitigating health disparities in this population. This study used a qualitative approach with interviews from 7 participants recruited from barbershops in Northern California. As a result, 3 major themes emerged from the data: (a) minimal understanding of how to become a nurse, (b) the stigma of a feminized profession, and (c) a need for African-American men in nursing. Furthermore, this study found that barbershops are a viable setting for obtaining the perspectives of African-American men. This data provides important information about where schools of nursing can focus resources when trying to recruit African-American men. Providing detailed information about what nurses do and by depicting how nursing has changed over the decades to include men might be a mechanism for African-American men to consider nursing as a career option., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright© by the National Black Nurses Association, Inc.)

Aims: To explore attitudes of acceptance of male nurses and examine correlations between female nurses' levels of acceptance and certain demographic variables., Background: Collaboration and teamwork are essential skills for the nursing profession and for successful health care environments. Attitudes of acceptance between male and female nurses can impact the ability to sustain these skills and influence nursing satisfaction., Methods: Female (n = 251) and male (n = 60) nurses from three medical centres in or near a large, Midwestern city participated. Data were collected via an anonymous online survey using the Sexist Attitude Inventory., Results: Male nurses' attitudes of acceptance of male nurses were greater than female nurses' attitudes of acceptance. A small, positive correlation was found between the female nurse's level of education and her acceptance of male nurses. Male and female nurses' responses were also significantly different on 35% of the inventory items-providing areas of focus for relationship improvement., Conclusions and Implications for Nursing Management: The significant difference between male and female nurses' acceptance of male nurses necessitates further investigation. Addressing male/female perspective differences on professional work issues may improve both groups' work experience, job satisfaction, and acceptance of all nursing colleagues, regardless of gender., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The nursing studies narrative of the role of masculinity can be summarized as follows: hegemonic masculinity prevents men from doing care work. An analysis of public relations efforts to recruit male nurses in West Germany during the 1960s does not provide evidence for such a link. Representing nursing as compatible with hegemonic masculinity was also able to legitimize the existence of male nurses, while the idea of promoting gender equality in nursing was advocated by exactly those institutions that enabled the eventual gender inequality within the profession. Finally, the thesis of hegemonic masculinity as some kind of anti-caregiving agent comes into question because of the success of the civilian service in West Germany, despite the gender shaming used to deter men from enlisting in it.

Background: The reasons men come into nursing is because of career stability, career progression and financial security., Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the lived-experience of a group of male nursing students as to the attraction of nursing as a career choice., Method: A descriptive phenomenological approach using Colaizzi's seven step data analysis within the phenomenological empirical framework was used., Findings: The central theme developed from the transcripts was Nursing is for Men. Seven sub-themes were identified from the significant statements which included: Nursing is for me; wanting a new career; the jobs in the bag; striving to succeed; Men together; Family approval and Mate-ship realigned., Conclusion: The men in this study found the decision to become a nurse and undertake their nursing education challenging. Moreover, it was reconciling with family, friends and work colleagues that many felt was the biggest obstacle.

Aim: To understand, comprehensively, patients' experiences of and satisfaction with care provided by male nurses in medical surgical units., Background: Patients' positive experiences of and satisfaction with care are plausible indicators of nurses' caring attitude. Female nurses are considered more caring than male nurses and knowledge about patient experiences and satisfaction with care by male nurses is minimal., Design: A convergent mixed methods., Methods: Patients (N = 262) completed an Urdu language-translated version of the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale and 15 participated in semi-structured interviews from August - December 2017. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative analysis and thematic analysis for qualitative analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative data were merged and integrated for mixed-method analysis., Results: High experience and moderate satisfaction scores were reported. Six themes emerged from care experiences: providing support and comfort, respecting privacy, providing information to patients and families, inability to manage workload and rushing too much, responding late and disturbing sleep. Three themes from satisfaction with nursing care: spending time with patients, capability of providing care and respecting autonomy. It was found that patients' actual experiences and satisfaction with the male nurses' care were considerably better than culturally accepted beliefs and perceptions about the role of men and women in the society., Conclusion: Male nurses were caring, but patients' views of nurses' caring attitude were influenced by socio-culture perceptions of the men. Male nurses supported and comforted patients and respected their privacy but did not respond to them on time and were perceived to be authoritarian., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)