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Ectopic teeth are an eruption disorder in which teeth are located in anatomical structures where, physiologically, they should not occur. An ectopic tooth is a very rare phenomenon, affecting approximately 0.5% of the canine population, and few descriptions of the treatment of such teeth in dogs can be found in the available literature. This article describes the diagnostic and therapeutic handling of cavities following extraction of ectopic teeth in nine dogs. The cases are subdivided into uncomplicated (when the ectopic tooth was encapsulated in the surrounding connective tissue, without lysis of the bone around the tooth) and complicated (in which, in addition to the presence of the ectopic tooth, a dentigerous cyst had formed). Four cases of complicated ectopic teeth are described in more detail. In this study, special attention was paid not only to the technique of tooth extraction itself but also to the method of securing and healing large bone defects after the extraction using hydroxyapatite curdlan polymer. Owing to the plastic properties of the bone substitute preparation, it was possible to implant the material without enlarging the bone defect created during the tooth extraction. Control radiographs showed features of bone regeneration, and clinical examination at both the early and late stages revealed no postoperative complications.

Ectopic teeth, growing in abnormal locations like the maxillary sinus, are rare occurrences, with uncertain causes including trauma, infection, and developmental abnormalities. They often appear in the second or third decade of life, sometimes without symptoms. They are often missed as symptoms can mimic chronic sinusitis but may include sinonasal issues like obstruction and facial pain. Complications ranging from recurrence to potential blindness or carcinoma have been reported. Diagnosis involves radiographic imaging, with CT scans providing precise localization. Following accurate diagnosis, treatment typically involves surgical removal, with endoscopic procedures gaining popularity due to reduced risks. Follow-up for asymptomatic cases can be conducted through periodic radiographs. We report a case of maxillary ectopic tooth as an incidental finding in an asymptomatic patient presenting to the emergency department with head trauma., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

Ectopic tooth in maxillary sinus is a rare entity. There are many causes of this condition include developmental disturbance, pathological process, iatrogenic, and in some cases there is no identified cause. The ectopic tooth could be asymptomatic or presented with various symptoms depends on its location. A 19-years-old woman presented with left-sided facial pain and slight swelling at the site of the upper 3rd molar tooth for three months. She gave a history of mid-facial trauma with an operation in this area, 11 years ago. Orthopantography and computerized tomography confirm the diagnosis of ectopic tooth within the maxillary sinus. The tooth was removed by Caldwell-Luc procedure. The patient was remained free of the presenting symptoms at three months follow-up. Reporting any case of an ectopic tooth deserves the ability to know the various aspects of this condition. We reported a further case of ectopic 3rd molar tooth in the left maxillary sinus, most probably, due to previous mid-facial trauma or the surgery in this area., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2021.)

Background: Impacted canines may pose a functional and an esthetic problem for patients and can affect neighboring incisors. The aim of the study was to compare different treatment methods and their outcomes for impacted maxillary and mandibular canines., Methods: The authors included 102 patients with 118 impacted canines (82 maxillary and 36 mandibular canines). Impacted canine were confirmed during clinical and radiologic examinations. Eighty-five patients (83%) with 97 impacted canines started the treatment. The authors analyzed treatment types and outcomes. Two maxillary and 4 mandibular canines were scheduled for extraction., Results: Orthodontic extrusion was used most frequently to treat impacted maxillary canines (89%), whereas orthodontic extrusion and transalveolar transplantation were performed most frequently in impacted mandibular canines (33% and 37.5%, respectively). The treatment was successful in 96% of the maxillary and 95% of the impacted mandibular canines., Conclusions: Different methods were used for impacted maxillary and mandibular canines, but their overall success rate was high., Practical Implications: Successful outcome is determined via a well-planned and carefully executed orthodontic and surgical treatment. Early diagnosis is pivotal in facilitating spontaneous canine eruption and implementing transalveolar transplantation in a timely way., (Copyright © 2021 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To identify the preferred surgical approach (intra- or extra-oral) to remove an ectopic third mandibular molar (ETMM) according on its location and presence of an associated cyst or cutaneous fistula, and to determine the indications for a graft or osteosynthesis., Materials and Methods: A surgical practice questionnaire was distributed to oral and maxillo-facial surgeons attending a National Congress of the French Society of Stomatology, Maxillo-facial and Oral Surgery. A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was carried on Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase and ScienceDirect databases using the MeSH terms: "Ectopic teeth", "Third molar", "Mandibular". One hundred and forty-three surgeons answered the questionnaire and the meta-analysis included 66 articles., Results: From the questionnaire, the preferred surgical approach was intra-oral except when the ETMM was in the condyle, when it was extra-oral (69.5%; p < 0.001). In the meta-analysis, an extra-oral approach was only indicated when a cutaneous fistula was present (90% vs. 35.9%; p = 0.002), irrespective of ETMM location. In the questionnaire and meta-analysis, the presence of a cyst did not change the approach (p < 0.05). The indications for a graft or osteosynthesis were a condylar location (p < 0.001), while a cutaneous fistula decreased the indication (p = 0.04) and a cyst (p = 0.009) was only associated with a graft., Conclusions: The preferential approach was intra-oral, except when the ETMM was condylar or a cutaneous fistula was present when an extra-oral approach was preferred. Osteosynthesis or a graft were more likely when the ETMM was in the condyle., Clinical Relevance: This study will help to orientate surgeons vis-à-vis ETMM treatment., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Nowadays, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) are commonly used in dentistry with an advantage about significantly lower dose comparing with CT-Scanner. Utilizing CBCT images which are indicated in dentistry like orthodontics can help diagnose diseases beyond dentistry field. One rare phenomenon can be seen in maxillary sinus, which is often overlooked by dentists, is ectopic teeth., Case Report: This article describes one orthodontic case found accidentally an ectopic tooth in maxillary sinus by inspecting CBCT images., Conclusion: Dentists and oral radiologists should carefully inspect non-dental structures, like maxillary sinus, even its distance from the dentoalveolar region, especially in asymptomatic patients., (Copyright: © 2019 Vo Truong Nhu Ngoc, Le Quynh Anh, Nguyen Minh Duc, Thien Chu Dinh, Toi Chu Dinh.)

Ectopic occurrence of mandibular third molar is a rare incidence. Usually found along with a cystic lesion or diagnosed incidentally during routine check-up. Owing to the rarity, only few cases were reported in the literature. The common site is the mandibular condyle followed by sigmoid notch, and often found in females. The frequent symptoms are obscure facial pain, trismus or the symptoms of the associated pathology like dentigerous cyst. The etiopathogenesis is uncertain and optimal management is still unclear. The symptomatic tooth should be removed either intraorally or extraorally. Here we report a case of ectopic mandibular third molar in ramus region surgically removed intra orally by high lingual split access osteotomy.

Introduction: Intranasal teeth are a rare form of ectopic teeth. Their clinical manifestation are truly variable. In children, intranasal teeth are typically associated with cleft lip and alveolus., Presentation of Case: Here, we report a case of 11 years -old girl presented with right nasal obstruction and occasional headache without any obvious etiology. 0Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses (coronal and axial view) revealed displaced right upper maxillary tooth with the crown oriented inferiorly and medially toward and within the lower right anterior nasal cavity. She underwent surgery by anterior rhinoscopy and endoscopic guidance. The patient's symptoms were resolved completely post-operatively and remained symptom-free for 18 months postoperatively., Discussion: Ectopic intranasal tooth is a rare phenomenon, with a male predominance and around half of all patients are diagnosed before adulthood. Ectopic intranasal tooth arising from inferior turbinate is very rare. No clear etiological factor has been suggested in most of the reported cases. Idiopathic etiology has been described as an etiologic factor for ectopic teeth. The treatment of intranasal teeth is early surgical extraction to alleviate the symptoms and prevent the possible morbidities., Conclusion: Intranasal teeth are a rare form of ectopic teeth encountered to otolaryngology clinic and may cause a variety of symptoms and complications. CT is very useful; it confirms the diagnosis and facilitates surgical planning. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important to avoid their possible complications., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: The authors' aim in this systematic review was to evaluate to what extent impacted canines are associated with root resorption (RR) of the adjacent tooth by using cone-beam computed tomography., Methods: The authors performed an open-ended electronic search of the Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science and a partial gray literature search by using Google Scholar, Open Grey, and ProQuest. The authors included studies in people (adolescents, adults, and older adult) with impacted maxillary permanent canines in which the investigators assessed the incidence of RR in adjacent teeth. The investigators detected RR by using cone-beam computed tomography. Two reviewers independently performed the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment with no language restrictions. The selection criteria included observational studies., Results: From the 953 studies recorded in databases, the authors included 18 studies. The meta-analysis results revealed that the most frequent position of impacted canines was 56.99% palatal (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.032% to 66.673%); the apical one-third was the most prevalent one-third for RR (56.87%; 95% CI, 38.880% to 73.628%). The intensity of RR was slight (43.2%; 95% CI, 35.229% to 51.352%), although 30.9% (95% CI, 19.007% to 44.261%) of RR was severe. Although the studies had different sample sizes, the main methodological problem was the absence of a control group and follow-up., Conclusions: RR in maxillary incisors was correlated with their contact with maxillary canines during eruption. Delayed eruption or treatment of impacted canines may lead to resorption of the adjacent lateral and central incisors. All root levels and surfaces of teeth associated with impacted maxillary canines can be resorbed to different levels of severity, but the apical one-third with slight resorption is the most common., Practical Implications: Knowing to what extent impacted canines are associated with root resorption of the adjacent tooth before starting any intervention, and being able to share this information with the patient, caregivers, or caregivers and patient, allows the choice of the most appropriate treatment., (Copyright © 2018 American Dental Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Ectopic mandibular third molar is a rare clinical entity with incompletely known etiology. Here, we sought to delineate its epidemiological, clinical and radiographic characteristics, and therapy by integrating and analyzing the cases treated in our institution together with previously reported cases., Method: A new definition and classification for ectopic mandibular third molar was proposed based on its anatomic location on panoramic images. Thirty-eight ectopic mandibular third molars in 37 patients and 51 teeth in 49 patients were identified in our disease registry and from literature (1990-2016), respectively. These cases were further categorized and compared according to our classification protocol. The demographic, clinicopathological and radiographic data were collected and analyzed., Results: These ectopic teeth were categorized into four levels, 33 in level I(upper ramus), 32 in level II (middle ramus), 15 in level III (mandibular angle) and 9 in level IV (mandibular body). The common clinical presentations included pain, swelling and limited mouth opening, although sometimes asymptomatic. Most teeth were associated with pathological lesions. Treatments included clinical monitor and surgical removal by intra- or extraoral approach with favorable outcomes. Clinical presentations and treatment options for these teeth were significantly associated with their ectopic locations as we classified., Conclusions: Ectopic mandibular third molars are usually found in patients with middle ages and in upper and middle ramus of mandible. Surgery is preferred to remove these ectopic teeth and associated pathologies when possible.

The eruption of a tooth into the nasal cavity is a rare clinical entity. We report a case of an inverted supernumerary tooth in the nasal cavity. A 2-year-old boy was referred to our institution after examination at a local otorhinolaryngology department for otitis media. Radiological examination revealed a tooth-like structure in the right nasal cavity. The tooth was protruding from the floor of the nasal cavity along with granulation tissue. The diagnosis was an inverted tooth in the right nasal cavity. Forceps extraction was performed under general anesthesia.

Background: The etiology of ectopic third molars located in the sigmoid notch of the mandible is unclear. Only a few cases have been reported. The aim of this article is to discuss the etiology as well as treatment options and diagnostic imaging techniques., Methods: A PubMed and Medline search of the literature from 1965 to 2015 to ectopic third molars in the mandibular notch was performed. Furthermore, a clinical case provided by the authors is reported., Results: Among the eight reviewed cases, two male and six female patients were affected that ranged from 25 to 62 years of age (mean 48.4). Pain and swelling in the preauricular region or trismus but also the absence of symptoms was reported. Only in two of the summarized articles an extra-oral access for the removal of the tooth was used. The etiology seems to be individually different, however dentigerous cysts and chronic inflammation seem to play an important role in their appearance. While previous diagnostic reports described two-dimensional diagnostic imaging, currently the three-dimensional imaging is common for preoperative surgical planning with respect to removing ectopic molars., Conclusions: Ectopic third molars in the mandible are a rare condition. The etiology seems to be individually different. Nowadays, three-dimensional imaging is common for preoperative surgical planning.

Ectopic tooth is a common problem reported in clinics. Ectopic tooth generally occurs around its primary position, and long-distance displacement is rare. A case of ectopic maxillary premolar in palatal suture with a supernumerary tooth in the mentum region was reported in this study, and the relevant literature is presented in this paper.

Background: Ectopic eruption of a tooth or osteoma rarely occurs within the maxillary sinus. Coexistence of these two rare entities in the maxillary sinus has never been reported in the English literature., Case Report: Herein, we present a 21 year-old male patient with osteoma and ectopic tooth in the left maxillary sinus treated with the removal of the ectopic tooth by endoscopic sinus surgery and excision of the osteoma by the Caldwell-Luc procedure., Conclusion: Unique coexistence of two different entities in the maxillary sinus is most likely due to pediatric facial trauma. Pediatric patients with maxillofacial trauma should be carefully watched for dental injury both clinically and radiologically.

Aim: The incidence of impacted maxillary canines in Caucasians reportedly ranges from 1% to 3%. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and determine the characteristics of impacted maxillary canines in southern Chinese children and adolescents., Methods: This retrospective audit involved 533 subjects with impacted maxillary canines that had been treated between February 1982 and February 2009. A customized data entry form was prepared to record and evaluate the status of impacted canines., Results: The 533 subjects (327 females and 206 males) with impacted maxillary canines, who were identified from the population of 26 039 subjects, represented a prevalence of 2.1%. Four hundred and forty-two (82.9%) of these subjects had unilaterally impacted canines, while 91 (17.1%) of them had bilateral impactions. In 442 subjects with unilateral canine impactions, 220 (49.8%) were buccally placed, 194 (43.9%) were palatally placed, and 28 (6.3%) of the canines were found to lie within the arch., Conclusions: The overall prevalence of impacted maxillary canines in this study of 2.1% was similar to the figures quoted for Caucasian populations. In subjects with unilateral impactions, buccally impacted canines demonstrated a slightly higher incidence (49.8%) compared to palatally impacted canines (43.9%)., (© 2013 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.)

Introduction: Ectopic tooth eruption may result owing to one of 3 processes: developmentalDisturbance, iatrogenic activity, or pathologic process, such as a tumor or a cyst. In rare cases, occlusion of the sinus ostia may predispose a patient to develop a maxillary sinus mucocele. When the maxillary sinus is invaded, symptoms usually occur late in the process., Case Report: A 17 years old boy referred to department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of university of medical sciences, Tabriz&#95;Iran in 2010 with chronic recurrent mucoprulent discharge from retromollar trigone , posterior to right superior alveolar ridge. CT scan revealed a dense mass resembling tooth, obstructing sinus ostium with homogenous opacity with ring enhancement, occupying whole sinus and expanding all walls. A Caldwell Luke approach in combination with endoscopy was selected., Conclusion: In the present patient, removal of ectopic tooth resolved the symptoms completely, the fistula obstructed and discharges discontinued. An ectopic tooth is a rare entity obstructing sinus ostium. The etiology of ectopic eruption has not yet been completely clarified, but many theories have been suggested,including trauma, infection, developmental anomalies and pathologic conditions, such as dentigerous cysts. In summary, although the ectopic teeth is rare but it would be assumed in presence of unilateral symptoms of sinonasal cavity. Therefore in peristant unilateral sinonasal symptoms we should complete examining of this site to rule out rare causes of these symptoms.

We describe a case of an incidentally-diagnosed ectopic tooth showing anomalous morphology in the maxillary antrum, using three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography images of the tooth obtained by multi-detector computed tomography.