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Aeration is of great importance in landfill remediation. However, most existing studies on aerobic waste degradation ignore the presence of landfill gases. In this study, gas characteristics during aerobic waste degradation in the presence of landfill gas in lab-scale lysimeters were investigated. Oxygen (O 2 ) was intermittently injected into municipal solid waste. Changes in the gas concentration and reaction rate of methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and O 2 during the reaction process were monitored and calculated. The results showed that all reactions, including aerobic degradation, CH 4 oxidation, and anaerobic waste degradation, occurred simultaneously during landfill aeration. The maximum O 2 consumption rate was 0.013 mol day -1 kg -1 dry waste. CH 4 production was stimulated after the O 2 content was insufficient to sustain the aerobic environment. Higher CH 4 production was likely attributed to the remaining substrate and biomass from dead aerobic microorganisms decomposed by growing anaerobic microorganisms. Based on the biochemical reaction and principle of mass conservation, a gas balance model during waste aeration was established to analyze the proportions of aerobic waste degradation, CH 4 oxidation, and anaerobic waste degradation. The CH 4 oxidation reaction was more advantageous than the aerobic waste degradation reaction during aeration. With an increase in gas injection times, the anaerobic reaction gradually weakened. The maximum proportion of CH 4 oxidation reaction could achieve at 21.4 % during aeration, which is of great significance for the waste degradation reaction. The maximum proportion of aerobic waste degradation and the minimum proportion of anaerobic waste degradation were approximately 16.0 % and 74.2 %, respectively. The results show that landfill gas should be considered in the progress of landfill aeration. This study provides a novel approach for calculating the proportion of reactions during landfill aeration, which deepens the understanding of the reaction process and contributes to the design of aerobic landfill projects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Developmental dyslexia can be viewed as the result of the effects of single deficits or multiple deficits. This study presents a test of the applicability of a multifactor-interactive model (MFi-M) with a preliminary set of five variables corresponding to different neuropsychological functions involved in the reading process. The model has been tested on a sample of 55 school-age children with developmental dyslexia. The results show that the data fit a model in which each variable contributes to the reading ability in a non-additive but rather interactive way. These findings constitute a preliminary validation of the plausibility of the MFi-M, and encourage further research to add relevant factors and specify their relative weights. It is further discussed how subtype-based intervention approaches can be a suitable and advantageous framework for clinical intervention in a MFi-M perspective.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the lives and mental health of people around the world, and it has become clinically essential to define risk factors in order to provide adequate prevention and support. The aim of the study was to describe coping strategies in Polish women related to the COVID-19 pandemic using the balance model, one of the most important concepts of positive psychotherapy (PPT after Peseschkian since 1977). The analysis included 735 women at the mean age of 39.61 years. The survey was conducted using the questionnaire form on the website. Based on Beck’s depression test, depressive disorders were disclosed in 32.65%, and both the presence and severity of depressive syndromes were inversely correlated with age. Using a cluster analysis, three adaptation strategies could be identified, related to the different prevalence of depressive disorders. Relationships proved the most crucial area of the balance model, responsible for the effectiveness of the coping strategy. Based on the obtained results, it has to be concluded that preventive measures should primarily concern women aged < 25 years old and focus on strengthening the relationships area.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effect of psychoeducation of the positive psychotherapy (PPT)-based balance model applied to university students on spirituality index levels of their subjective well-being., Design and Method: The research was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was composed of undergraduate students of a university and the sample was composed of the students taking Intern Practice Course of Psychiatric Nursing. In the study, the data were collected using a Personal Information Form and Spirituality Index of Well-being., Findings: Frequency, percentage, Shapiro-Wilk test, and Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks tests were used to assess the data of the study. As a result of the statistical analysis, the students obtained significant results in the total score of Spirituality Index of Well-Being and the subscales of "Self-Efficacy" and "Life Schemes" (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: PPT-based balance model education increases the subjective well-being levels of the students significantly., Practice Implications: PPT has a positive effect on the subjective well-being levels of individuals with spirituality index, this method should be used more in clinical studies with healthy or sick people., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Increased time-delay in the neuromuscular system caused by neurological disorders, concussions, or advancing age is an important factor contributing to balance loss (Chagdes et al., 2013, 2016a,b). We present the design and fabrication of an active balance board system that allows for a systematic study of stiffness and time-delay induced instabilities in standing posture. Although current commercial balance boards allow for variable stiffness, they do not allow for manipulation of time-delay. Having two controllable parameters can more accurately determine the cause of balance deficiencies, and allows us to induce instabilities even in healthy populations. An inverted pendulum model of human posture on such an active balance board predicts that reduced board rotational stiffness destabilizes upright posture through board tipping, and limit cycle oscillations about the upright position emerge as feedback time-delay is increased. We validate these two mechanisms of instability on the designed balance board, showing that rotational stiffness and board time-delay induced the predicted postural instabilities in healthy, young adults. Although current commercial balance boards utilize control of rotational stiffness, real-time control of both stiffness and time-delay on an active balance board is a novel and innovative manipulation to reveal balance deficiencies and potentially improve individualized balance training by targeting multiple dimensions contributing to standing balance., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Flowering marks the change from indeterminate to determinate plant growth, and this developmental transition involves the activity of the Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene product and its orthologs. We demonstrated that when FT is ectopically expressed from a viral vector in cotton, a process referred to as virus induced flowering (VIF), it uncouples flowering from photoperiodic regulation and promotes determinate growth in aerial organs. The accelerated switch to determinate growth affected cotton floral buds and sympodial growth, but did not disrupt floral organogenesis. These results can be interpreted in the context of the balance model, which argues that the balance of indeterminate and determinate growth is influenced by the relative abundance of indeterminate and determinate factors in the growing apices. These results emphasize the expanding role of FT in affecting general determinate growth.