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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widespread food contaminant with toxic effects on female reproductive system. This concerns the human public health and the development of the livestock industry. Effective and feasible measures against reproductive toxicity of AFB1 are also unknown. Curcumin has been shown to improve animal production performance and alleviate toxicity of AFB1 in other tissues. The study aimed to reveal the potential mechanism of curcumin in alleviating AFB1 exposure-triggered reproductive toxicity in porcine. Porcine GCs and matured oocytes in vitro and mouse ovary in vivo were cultured as model and then exposed to AFB1 and curcumin. The transcriptomics for porcine GCs was performed. The apoptosis, cell cycle, ROS content and mitochondrial membrane potential level analysis were determined using probe staining and flow cytometry. QRT-PCR and western blotting were analyzed for the genes expression. Oocytes maturation and parthenogenetic activation were performed to evaluate the quality of oocytes. The data showed that AFB1 exposure significantly inhibited porcine GCs viability and exhibited concentration-dependent relationship from 1 to 16 μM. Curcumin supplementation efficiently reversed the inhibition of cell viability. Further analysis indicated that curcumin application alleviated AFB1-exposed porcine GCs and mouse ovary mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. We found that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a vital role in AFB1-induced porcine GCs toxicity through bioinformatic analysis. The data not only confirmed the correlation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, but also consistent with the results that curcumin supplementation could markedly activate the PI3K/Akt signal inhibited by AFB1. Moreover, curcumin reversed AFB1-impaired cumulus-oocyte complex expansion, oocytes maturation rate, blastocyst rate and formation. Our study demonstrated that curcumin supplementation can protect porcine GCs and mouse ovary from toxicity of AFB1 by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and provides a viable treatment approach for AFB1-induced female reproductive toxicity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Chemical burns of the rectum are so rare that there are few cases reported about this situation. In fact, chemical burns of the rectum can cause severe serious consequence, such as bleeding, perforation and necrosis, even developing to persistent rectal stricture. Here we present a case report of a 12-year-old child with rectal stenosis who imitates the use of corkage and inserts rust remover into the rectum unsupervised by family members. He underwent endoscopic balloon dilation followed by submucosal injection of bleomycin at the stenosis point.

Gibberellin 20-oxidases ( GA20oxs ) are multifunctional enzymes involved in regulating gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and controlling plant growth. We identified and characterized the GA20ox1 gene in a plant height mutant of Sophora davidii , referred to as SdGA20ox1 . This gene was expressed in root, stem, and leaf tissues of the adult S. davidii plant height mutant, with the highest expression observed in the stem. The expression of SdGA20ox1 was regulated by various exogenous hormones. Overexpression of SdGA20ox1 in Arabidopsis resulted in significant elongation of hypocotyl and root length in seedlings, earlier flowering, smaller leaves, reduced leaf chlorophyll content, lighter leaf color, a significant increase in adult plant height, and other phenotypes. Additionally, transgenic plants exhibited a substantial increase in biologically active endogenous GAs (GA1, GA3, and GA4) content, indicating that overexpression of SdGA20ox1 accelerates plant growth and development. Using a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screen, we identified two SdGA20ox1-interacting proteins: the ethylene receptor EIN4 (11430582) and the rbcS (11416005) protein. These interactions suggest a potential regulatory mechanism for S. davidii growth. Our findings provide new insights into the role of SdGA20ox1 and its interacting proteins in regulating the growth and development of S. davidii ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhao, Xie, Huang, Long and Wang.)

This study aimed to clarify the composition and bioactivity differences between goat and cow milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein by proteomic, and the immunomodulatory activity of MFGM proteins was further evaluated by using mouse splenic lymphocytes in vitro. A total of 257 MFGM proteins showed significant differences between goat and cow milk. The upregulated and unique MFGM proteins in goat milk were significantly enriched in the positive regulation of immune response, negative regulation of Interleukin-5 (IL-5) secretion, and involved in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling. The contents of IL-2 and Interferon-γ in the supernatant of spleen lymphocytes treated with goat MFGM proteins were much higher than those of IL-4 and IL-5, suggesting a Th1-skewed immune response. These results revealed that goat MFGM proteins could possess better immunomodulatory effects as compared to cow milk. Our findings may provide new insights to elucidate the physiological functions and nutritional of goat milk., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Photothermal therapy can trigger immunogenic cell death and release personalized in-situ tumor vaccine, activating immune responses to eliminate systemic tumors beyond the irradiated zone. However, the immune response of the in-situ tumor vaccines is often undermined by the residual tumor cells and their induced immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which is attributed to insufficient photothermal effects stemming from the limited accumulation of photosensitizers. To overcome these limitations, we developed multi-functional nanoparticles (VI@Gd-NPs) that integrate a tumor vasculature-specific disrupting agent (Vadimezan, Phase III clinical drug), a photosensitizer (Indocyanine Green, ICG), and a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (Gadolinium, Gd) through chemical self-assembly. By selectively disrupting the tumor vasculature, these nanoparticles enhance the intratumoral delivery of photosensitizers (ICG and blood cells), and Gd. With the guidance of Gd-enhanced MRI, the improved delivery facilitates comprehensive photothermal ablation and regulates the TME, further initiating the in-situ tumor vaccine. Notably, this approach significantly enhances anti-tumor immune responses, improves survival rates, and reduces tumor recurrence and metastasis in various animal models. Moreover, depleting CD8 + T cells reverses these therapeutic benefits, highlighting the critical role of adaptive T cell immunity. Therefore, the VI@Gd-NPs treatment holds great potential for reigniting the in-situ tumor vaccine of photothermal therapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this work., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Social and behavioral determinants of health (SBDH) are associated with a variety of health and utilization outcomes, yet these factors are not routinely documented in the structured fields of electronic health records (EHR). The objective of this study was to evaluate different machine learning approaches for detection of SBDH from the unstructured clinical notes in the EHR., Methods: Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) was applied to 2,083,180 clinical notes corresponding to 46,146 patients in the MIMIC-III dataset. Using LSI, patients were ranked based on conceptual relevance to a set of keywords (lexicons) pertaining to 15 different SBDH categories. For Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) models, API requests were made with a Python script to connect to the OpenAI services in Azure, using gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 and gpt-4-1106-preview models. Prediction of SBDH categories were performed using a logistic regression model that included age, gender, race and SBDH ICD-9 codes., Results: LSI retrieved patients according to 15 SBDH domains, with an overall average PPV ≥ 83%. Using manually curated gold standard (GS) sets for nine SBDH categories, the macro-F1 score of LSI (0.74) was better than ICD-9 (0.71) and GPT-3.5 (0.54), but lower than GPT-4 (0.80). Due to document size limitations, only a subset of the GS cases could be processed by GPT-3.5 (55.8%) and GPT-4 (94.2%), compared to LSI (100%). Using common GS subsets for nine different SBDH categories, the macro-F1 of ICD-9 combined with either LSI (mean 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.93), GPT-3.5 (0.86, 0.82-0.91) or GPT-4 (0.88, 0.83-0.94) was not significantly different. After including age, gender, race and ICD-9 in a logistic regression model, the AUC for prediction of six out of the nine SBDH categories was higher for LSI compared to GPT-4.0., Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the LSI approach performs comparable to more recent large language models, such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.0, when using the same set of documents. Importantly, LSI is robust, deterministic, and does not have document-size limitations or cost implications, which make it more amenable to real-world applications in health systems., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is linked to ageing and genetic and environmental risk factors, yet underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We aimed to evaluate epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), i.e., DNA methylation (DNAm) age acceleration, and its association with ALS case status and survival., Methods: In this study, we included 428 ALS and 288 control samples collected between 2011 and 2021. We calculated EAA using the GrimAge residual method from ALS and control blood samples and grouped participants with ALS into three ageing groups (fast, normal, slow). We associated EAA with ALS case status and survival, stratified by sex, and correlated it with environmental and biological factors through occupational exposure assessments, immune cell proportions, and transcriptome changes., Findings: Participants with ALS had higher average EAA by 1.80 ± 0.30 years (p < 0.0001) versus controls. Participants with ALS in the fast ageing group had a hazard ratio of 1.52 (95% confidence interval 1.16-2.00, p = 0.0028) referenced to the normal ageing group. In males, this hazard ratio was 1.55 (95% confidence interval 1.11-2.17, p = 0.010), and EAA was positively correlated with high-risk occupational exposures including particulate matter (adj.p < 0.0001) and metals (adj.p = 0.0087). Also, in male participants with ALS, EAA was positively correlated with neutrophil proportions and was negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell proportions. Pathways dysregulated in participants with ALS with fast ageing included spliceosome, nucleocytoplasmic transport, axon guidance, and interferons., Interpretation: EAA was associated with ALS case status and, at least in males, with shorter survival after diagnosis. The effect of EAA on ALS was partially explained by occupational exposures and immune cell proportions in a sex-dependent manner. These findings highlight the complex interactions of ageing and exposures in ALS., Funding: NIH, CDC/National ALS Registry, ALS Association, Dr. Randall Whitcomb Fund for ALS Genetics, Peter Clark Fund for ALS Research, Sinai Medical Staff Foundation, Scott L. Pranger ALS Clinic Fund, NeuroNetwork Therapeutic Discovery Fund, NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests YZ: None. XL: None. KW: None. GI: None. SAS: Listed as inventors on a patent, Issue number US10660895, held by University of Michigan titled “Methods for Treating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis” that targets immune pathways for use in ALS therapeutics. SAS has received unrelated research funding from NIH R01DK129320, which has no competing interest with this work. LZ: None. ST: None. KMB: None. JFD: None. BJT: Holds patents on the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the C9orf72 repeat expansion. BJT has received unrelated research funding from Cerevel Therapeutics and ALS Association, which have no competing interest with this work. BJT holds leadership role in Scientific Advisory Committee and American Neurological Association. BJT serves on the editorial board of EClinicalMedicine, JNNP, NBA, and is an associate editor for Brain. BJT also has collaborative research agreement with Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Roche, and Optimeos. AK: None. SAB: None. ELF: Listed as inventor on a patent, Issue number US10660895, held by University of Michigan titled “Methods for Treating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis” that targets immune pathways for use in ALS therapeutics. ELF has received unrelated funding from NIH, CDC/ATSDR, DoD, JDRF, which have no competing interest with this work. ELF serves on the scientific advisory boards for the Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Nerve Society Diabetes Neuropathy, NIH Blueprint Neurotherapeutics Network for Biologics (BPN-Biologics) External Oversight Committee, National Advisory Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NANDS) Council Neural Exposome Top Priorities (NEXT) Working Group. ELF also serves on the editorial advisory boards for Experimental Neurology; Nature Reviews Neurology; Neurobiology of Disease; Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry; JAMA Neurology; Oxford University Press, Contemporary Neurology Series (Editor-in-Chief); The Lancet Neurology; Scientific Reports; Med (Cell Press Journal); Annals of Neurology (Associate Editor). ELF holds leadership positions in International Congress on Neuromuscular Disease, Scientific Program Committee National Academy of Medicine, Chair of Section 07, 2020–2022, National Academy of Medicine, Membership Committee, 2020–2022, American Neurological Association, Annals/ACTN Oversight Committee, 2021–2023, American Neurological Association, Chair of Governance Committee, National Academy of Medicine, Neuroscience Forum National Academy of Medicine, Council Member National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Committee on Making ALS a Livable Disease ONETOX-OSPP Neural Exposome Strategic Planning, Member. MAS: None. SAG: Listed as inventor on a patent, Issue number US10660895, held by University of Michigan titled “Methods for Treating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis” that targets immune pathways for use in ALS therapeutics. Scientific consulting for Evidera. Payment from American Academy of Neurology., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Treatment options for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) often result in poor prognosis and declining health-related quality of life. Screening FDA-approved drugs for cancer chemoprevention is a promising and cost-efficient strategy. Here, we found that dronedarone, an antiarrhythmic drug, could inhibit the proliferation of ESCC cells. Moreover, we conducted phosphorylomics analysis to investigate the mechanism of dronedarone-treated ESCC cells. Through computational docking models and pull-down assays, we demonstrated that dronedarone could directly bind to CDK4 and CDK6 kinases. We also proved that dronedarone effectively inhibited ESCC proliferation by targeting CDK4/CDK6 and blocking the G0/G1 phase through RB1 phosphorylation inhibition by in vitro kinase assays and cell cycle assays. Subsequently, we found that knocking out CDK4 and CDK6 decreased the susceptibility of ESCC cells to dronedarone. Furthermore, dronedarone suppressed the growth of ESCC in patient-derived tumor xenograft models in vivo. Thus, our study demonstrated that dronedarone could be repurposed as a CDK4/6 inhibitor for ESCC chemoprevention., (© 2024. Higher Education Press.)

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth most common cause of death in women worldwide. Chemoresistance is a key reason for treatment failure, causing high mortality. As a member of the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein family, tripartite motif 47 (TRIM47) plays a vital role in the carcinogenesis and drug resistance of various cancers. This study investigated the impact and mechanisms of TRIM47 on cisplatin (DDP) chemosensitivity and apoptosis in OC. OC cell viability was assessed with a cell counting kit-8 assay and OC cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, and Bax and Bcl-2 expression assays while gene and protein expression were assessed using qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. The expression of TRIM47 was significantly increased in both DDP-resistant tissues from patients with OC tissues and in cancer cell lines compared with that in normal tissue or parental cell lines. The increased level of TRIM47 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with OC. Functional assays demonstrated that TRIM47 promoted DDP resistance both in vitro and in vivo. The increased viability and reduced apoptosis of OC cells induced by TRIM47 can be rescued by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducer tunicamycin, suggesting that TRIM47 inhibits OC cell apoptosis by suppressing ER stress. Therefore, TRIM47 may be targeted as a therapeutic strategy for DDP resistance in OC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: In December 2018 the Michigan Regulation and Taxation of Marihuana Act legalized the recreational use of cannabis in Michigan. There are now high potency forms of cannabis readily available in the state, which could result in increased emergency department (ED) visit rates due to intoxication in adults and children. Although cannabis related visits account for a small percentage of all adult and pediatric ED visits, they impose a significant burden on the health care system's resources. This study aimed to assess the impact of the legalization of recreational marijuana on the rate of ED visits for acute cannabis intoxication., Methods and Design: We utilized the legalization of marijuana in the state of Michigan to conduct a natural experiment utilizing a retrospective observational cohort design of ED visits for acute intoxication before and after legalization. The study was conducted at a health system composed of eight hospitals in southeast Michigan, including both academic and community hospitals serving a diverse patient population. We estimated monthly cannabis-related ED visits based on cannabis-related ICD-10 discharge codes and total ED visits using electronic health record data from 2016 to 2022. A negative-binomial (NB) regression model was used to estimate the immediate and cumulative changes in cannabis-related ED visit rate after legalization., Results: There were a total of 2177 ED visits from 2066 patients for cannabis intoxication in our study cohort. Of the 2177 visits, 671 were before and 1506 were after legalization. In the univariate analysis, recreational cannabis legalization was associated with an increase in the average cannabis-related ED visit rate (Rate Ratio [RR]:1.70, 95% CI: (1.49, 1.94), p-value <0.001). In the multivariate analysis adjusting for age, results remain significant (RR 1.47, 95% CI (1.29, 1.70), p-value <0.001). The increased visit rate occurred in the first month after legalization; however, the slope of the increasing rate of ED visits were similar before and after cannabis legalization (RR, 1.28, 95% CI (1.07, 1.54), p-value <0.001)., Conclusions: The legalization of recreational cannabis in Michigan was associated with an immediate increase in ED visit rates for acute cannabis intoxications across all ages, especially among middle-aged adults, in the context of an stably increasing ED visit rate., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In this study, double enzyme hydrolysis significantly enhanced the DPP-IV inhibition rate compared to single enzyme. The α + K enzymes exhibited the highest inhibition rate. Ultrasonic pretreatment for 30 min improved the hydrolysis efficiency and DPP-IV inhibition rate, potentially due to the structural changes in hydrolysates, such as the increased surface hydrophobicity, and reduced particle size, α-helix and β-turn. Six peptides were screened and verified in vitro. QPY, WPEYL, and YPPQVM displayed competitive inhibition, while LPAAP and IPAPSFPRL displayed mixed competitive/non-competitive inhibition. The interactions between these six peptides and DPP-IV primarily occurred through hydrogen bonds, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Network pharmacological analysis indicated that LPAAP might inhibit DPP-IV activity trough interactions with diabetes-related targets such as CASP3, HSP90AA1, MMP9, and MMP9. These results uncover the potential mechanism of regulating blood glucose by camel milk hydrolysates, establishing camel milk peptide as a source of DPP-IV inhibitory peptide., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association of baseline MRI Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score with biopsy reclassification in a multicenter active surveillance (AS) cohort., Materials and Methods: We identified men in the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative registry (46 hospital-based/academic/private practice urology groups) with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) low-risk and favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer who underwent MRI within 6 months before or after initial biopsy and enrolled in AS from June 2016 to January 2021. The primary objective was to determine the association of baseline MRI PI-RADS score (≥4 lesion) with reclassification to high-grade prostate cancer (≥grade group 3) on surveillance biopsy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed and adjusted for pathologic, MRI, and clinical/biopsy factors, with landmark time of 6 months from diagnostic biopsy. We included an interaction term between PI-RADS score and NCCN group in the Cox model., Results: A total of 1491 men were included with median age 64 years (IQR: 59-69) with median follow-up 11.0 months (IQR: 6.0-23.0) after landmark. Baseline PI-RADS ≥ 4 lesion was associated with an increased hazard of biopsy reclassification (HR: 2.3 [95% CI: 1.6-3.2], P < .001), along with grade group 2 vs 1 (HR: 2.5 [95% CI: 1.7-3.7], P < .001), and increasing age (per 10 years; HR: 1.8 [95% CI: 1.4-2.4], P < .001). The interaction between NCCN risk group with MRI findings was not significant ( P = .7)., Conclusions: In this multicenter cohort study of real-world data, baseline MRI PI-RADS score was significantly associated with early biopsy reclassification in men undergoing AS with NCCN low- or favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) significantly impact animal and human health due to their zoonotic potential. A growing body of evidence indicates that the host's long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating host-virus interactions during IAV infection. However, numerous lncRNAs associated with IAV infection have not been well characterised. Here, in this study, we identify the LINC01197 as an antiviral host factor. LINC01197 was significantly upregulated after IAV infection, which is controlled by the NF-κB pathway. Functional analysis revealed that overexpression of LINC01197 inhibited IAV replication and virus production, while knockdown of LINC01197 facilitated IAV replication. Mechanistically, LINC01197 directly interacts with poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), which in turn sequesters and restricts its functions. This work shows that LINC01197 acts as a protein decoy, suppressing IAV replication and playing a key role in controlling IAV replication., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Unlocking the intricacies of protein structures and interactions within the dynamic landscape of subcellular organelles presents a significant challenge. To address this, we introduce SPACX, a method for spatially resolved protein complex profiling via biocompatible chemical cross(x)-linking with subcellular isolation, designed to monitor protein conformation, interactions, and translocation in living cells. By rapidly capturing protein complexes in their native physiological state and efficiently enriching cross-linked peptides, SPACX allows comprehensive analysis of the protein interactome within living cells. Leveraging structure refinement with cross-linking restraints, we identify subcellular-specific conformation heterogeneity of PTEN, revealing dynamic differences in its dual specificity domains between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Furthermore, by discerning conformational disparities, we identify 83 cytoplasm-exclusive and 109 nucleus-exclusive PTEN-interacting proteins, each associated with distinct biological functions. Upon induction of ubiquitin-proteasome system stress, we observe dynamic alterations in PTEN assembly and its interacting partners during translocation. These changes, including the identification of components and interaction sites, are characterized using the SPACX approach. Notably, SPACX enables identification of unique interacting proteins specific to PTEN isoforms, including PTEN and PTEN-Long, through the determination of sequence-specific cross-linking interfaces. These findings underscore the potential of SPACX to elucidate the functional diversity of proteins within distinct subcellular sociology., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Quantum chemical calculations of the anions OAeF - (Ae = Be-Ba) have been carried out using ab initio methods at the CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPP level and density functional theory employing BP86 with various basis sets. The equilibrium structures have linear geometries for Ae = Be and Mg but they are strongly bent for Ae = Sr and Ba while the calcium species has a quasi-linear structure with a very low bending potential. The calculated bond dissociation energies suggest a record-high BDE of D e = 144.08 kcal mol -1 for OBeF - at the CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPP level, which is the strongest BDE for a dative bond that has been found so far. The BDE of the heavier homologues have a continuously decreasing order for Ae with Be > Mg (113.01 kcal mol -1 ) > Ca (84.06 kcal mol -1 ) > Sr (72.06 kcal mol -1 ) > Ba (60.00 kcal mol -1 ). The calculation of the charge distribution reveals a significant charge donation OAe ← F - with a declining sequence for the heavier atoms Ae. The oxygen atom in OAeF - carries always a higher partial charge than the fluorine atom, which contradicts the standard electronegativities of the atoms. The surprising partial charges are explained with the bonding situation of the atoms in the actual electronic structure. The bonding analysis of the OAe-F - bonds using the EDA-NOCV method shows that the bonds have much more electrostatic character than the Ae-F - bonds in the diatomic anions. This finding is supported by the results of the LED partitioning approach. The dative interactions have three major and one minor component. The assignment of a quadruple bond for the heavier species with Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba is not reasonable. The driving force for the bent geometries is the accumulation of electronic charge in the lone-pair region at the Ae atoms, which enhances the electrostatic attraction with the other atoms. An adequate description of the bonding situation is given by the formula O - -Ae + ← F - .

Objectives: To use H9c2 cardiomyocytes to establish a diabetic cardiomyopathic model by exposing these cells to high glucose (HG), followed by treating them with melatonin (MEL) or plasmid vectors overexpressing FUN14 Domain Containing 1 (FUNDC1)., Methods: We employed quantitative real-time PCR, mitochondrial staining, and biochemical assays to measure the activity of various antioxidant and mitochondrial complex functions under various treatment conditions., Key Findings: Our results showed that HG induced the expression of FUNDC1 and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and fragmentation, while MEL treatment reversed most of these pathological effects. Moreover, HG exposure activated dynamin-related protein 1 expression and its translocation to mitochondria. Modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase level was found to be another pathological hallmark. In silico molecular docking, analysis revealed that MEL could directly bind the catalytic groove of FUNDC1 through Van der Waal's force and hydrogen bonding. Finally, MEL ameliorated diabetic cardiomyopathy-induced mitochondrial injury through FUNDC1 in vivo., Conclusions: Hyperglycemia induced mitochondrial fragmentation and altered electron transport chain complex functions, which could be ameliorated by MEL treatment, suggesting its potential as a cardiovascular therapeutic., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The facile reaction of the SiPh 2 -bridged bis-silylene (LSi:) 2 SiPh 2 (L=PhC(NBu t ) 2 ) with diphenylacetylene affords the unprecedented 1,2,3-trisilacyclopentadiene (LSi) 2 (PhC) 2 SiPh 2 1 with a hypercoordinate λ 4 Si-λ 3 Si double bond. Compound 1 is very oxophilic and consumes three molar equivalents of inert N 2 O to form the bicyclic oxygenation product 2 through O-atom insertion in the Si=Si and Si-Si bonds. Strikingly, 1 can completely split the C≡O bonds of carbon monoxide under ambient conditions (1 atm, room temperature), yielding the 1,3-disilacyclopentadiene 3, representing the first hypercoordinate example of a cyclosilene with a λ 4 Si-λ 3 C double bond. Likewise, reaction of Xyl-NC (Xyl=2,6-dimethylphenyl), an isocyanide isoelectronic with CO, with 1 furnishes the related 1,3-disilacyclopentadiene 4 but with an amidinato silylene pendent attached to the Si=C carbon ring atom., (© 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

It remains unclear how previous infections and vaccinations influenced and shaped heterogeneous immune responses against Omicron and its variants in diverse populations in China. After the national wave of Omicron in early 2023, we evaluated serum levels of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against Omicron (B.1.1.529) and its variants (BA.5, BF.7, and CH1.1) in 33 COVID-19 convalescents and 40 uninfected vaccinees, using vesicular stomatitis virus-based pseudovirus neutralizing assay. In addition, we followed 34 Delta convalescent patients to compare their immune responses against Omicron before (late 2021) and after the Omicron wave (early 2023). NAbs at the acute phase of the disease were investigated in 50 Omicron inpatients, including 24 vaccinated and 26 unvaccinated patients. Among them, nasal mucosal IgA levels were measured in 42 subjects. Compared to vaccination, breakthrough infections significantly increased the breadth and magnitude of serum nAbs and mucosal IgA levels against Omicron variants. Exposure to Omicron but not Delta elicited stronger pan-Omicron responses. In Omicron inpatients, nAbs continued to rise as vaccination doses increased. However, in both vaccinees and convalescents, a fourth dose vaccination did not elicit higher nAbs against Omicron. Furthermore, nAbs against Omicron variants lasted longer than nAbs against WT SARS-CoV-2. Breakthrough infections of Omicron variants elicited specific immune responses against Omicron compared to vaccination and Delta infection. Although repeated vaccination revealed limited impacts on serum nAbs, populations at high risk of hospitalization may still benefit from continued vaccination.IMPORTANCEThe study described the specific humoral immunity against Omicron and its variants (BA.5, BF.7, and CH1.1) in diverse populations, including Delta-positive convalescent patients, Omicron-infected patients with a previous or current confirmed Delta infection, Omicron-positive patients, and healthy controls. In addition, we followed Delta convalescents for 1 year to evaluate the effect of a booster vaccine, breakthrough infection, and reinfection. Nasal mucosal IgA levels against SARS-CoV-2 were also examined. The findings of this study demonstrated the varied responses of individuals in different states following the outbreak of Omicron, highlighting the potential advantages of ongoing immunization for groups that are more vulnerable and have a greater likelihood of being hospitalized.

Among the fascinating phenomena observed in two-dimensional (2D) magnets, the magneto-exciton effect stands out as a pivotal link between optics and magnetism. Although the excitonic effect has been revealed and exhibits a considerable correlation with the spin structures in certain 2D magnets, the underlying mechanism of the magneto-exciton effect remains underexplored, especially under high magnetic fields. Here we perform a systematic investigation of the spin-exciton coupling in 2D antiferromagnetic NiPS 3 under high magnetic fields. When an in-plane magnetic field is applied, the exceptional sharp excitonic emission at ~1.4756 eV exhibits a Zeeman-like splitting with g ≈ 2.0, experimentally identifying the exciton as an excitation of dominant triplet-singlet character. By examining the polarization of excitonic emission and simulating the spin evolution, we further verify the correlation between excitonic emission and Néel vector in NiPS 3 . Our work elucidates the mechanism behind the spin-exciton coupling in NiPS 3 and establishes a strategy for optically probing the spin evolutions in 2D magnets., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

We compared the risks and benefits of COVID-19 vaccines using a causal pathway analysis to weigh up possible risk factors of thromboembolic events post-vaccination. The self-controlled case series (SCCS) method examined the association between thromboembolic events and vaccination while a case-control study assessed the association between thromboembolic events and COVID-19, addressing under-reported infection data issues. The net vaccine effect was estimated using results from SCCS and case-control studies. We used electronic health record data from Corewell Health (16,640 subjects in SCCS and 106,143 in case-control). We found increased risks of thromboembolic events post-vaccination (incidence rate ratio: 1.19, 95% CI: [1.08, 1.31] after the first dose; 1.22, 95% CI: [1.11, 1.34] after the second dose). Vaccination attenuated infection-associated thromboembolic risks (odds ratio: 4.65, 95% CI: [4.18, 5.17] in unvaccinated vs 2.77, 95% CI: [2.40, 3.24] in vaccinated). After accounting for vaccine efficacy and protection against infection-associated thromboembolic events, vaccination decreases thromboembolic event risk, especially during high infection rate periods., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: This study retrospectively investigated whether infarction in specific Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) regions is associated with clinical outcome in patients with symptomatic non-acute internal carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion who underwent endovascular recanalisation (ER)., Methods: Preoperative ASPECTS and region of infarction were recorded before recanalisation. Clinical outcome was evaluated 90 days after the procedure using the modified Rankin Scale; a score>2 was defined as poor outcome. Secondary outcomes included postprocedural cerebral oedema, intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH., Results: Among the 86 patients included, 90-day outcome was poor in 30 (34.9%) and 40 experienced cerebral oedema (46.5%). Multivariate logistic regression models showed that lenticular nucleus infarction (OR 19.61-26.00, p<0.05), admission diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.07-1.08, p<0.05), preprocedural National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (OR 1.96-2.05, p<0.001) and haemorrhagic transformation (OR 14.99-18.81, p<0.05) were independent predictors of poor 90-day outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for lenticular nucleus infarction as a predictor of poor outcome was 0.73. M2 region infarction (OR 26.07, p<0.001) and low American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology collateral circulation grade (OR 0.16, p=0.001) were independent predictors of postprocedural cerebral oedema. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for M2 region infarction as a predictor of cerebral oedema was 0.64. Region of infarction did not significantly differ between patients with and without postprocedural ICH or symptomatic ICH., Conclusions: Lenticular nucleus and M2 region infarction were independent predictors of poor 90-day outcome and postprocedural cerebral oedema, respectively, in patients with non-acute anterior circulation large artery occlusion who underwent ER., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background and Objective: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common respiratory disease that frequently requires hospitalisation, and is a significant cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (AACT) as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of CAP., Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study in patients hospitalised with CAP. Plasma AACT levels were measured using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to assess the association between plasma AACT levels and CAP diagnosis and prognosis., Results: A total of 274 patients with CAP were enrolled in the study. AACT levels were elevated in patients with CAP, especially those with severe CAP and non-survivors. The area under the curve (AUC) of AACT and CRP for diagnosing CAP was 0.755 and 0.843. Cox regression showed that CURB-65 and AACT levels were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. ROC curves showed that plasma AACT levels had the highest accuracy for predicting acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with an AUC of 0.862. Combining AACT with Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB-65 significantly improved their predictive accuracy for predicting 30-day mortality., Conclusion: Plasma AACT levels are elevated in patients with CAP, but plasma AACT level is inferior to the C-reactive protein level for diagnosing CAP. The AACT level can reliably predict the occurrence of ARDS and 30-day mortality in patients with CAP., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Sulfonyl fluorides hold significant importance as highly valued intermediates in chemical biology due to their optimal balance of biocompatibility with both aqueous stability and protein reactivity. The Cornella group introduced a one-pot strategy for synthesizing aryl sulfonyl fluorides via Bi(III) redox-neutral catalysis, which facilitates the transmetallation and direct insertion of SO 2 into the BiC(sp 2 ) bond giving the aryl sulfonyl fluorides. We report herein a comprehensive computational investigation of the redox-neutral Bi(III) catalytic mechanism, disclose the critical role of the Bi(III) catalyst and base (i.e., K 3 PO 4 ), and uncover the origin of SO 2 insertion into the Bi(III)C(sp 2 ) bond. The entire catalysis can be characterized via three stages: (i) transmetallation generating the Bi(III)-phenyl intermediate IM3 facilitated by K 3 PO 4 . (ii) SO 2 insertion into IM3 leading to the formation of Bi(III)-OSOAr intermediate IM5. (iii) IM5 undergoes S(IV)-oxidation yielding the aryl sulfonyl fluoride product 4 and liberating the Bi(III) catalyst for the next catalytic cycle. Each stage is kinetically and thermodynamically feasible. Moreover, we explored other some small molecules (NO 2 , CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 O, etc.) insertion reactions mediated by the Bi(III)-complex, and found that NO 2 insertions could be easily achieved due to the low insertion barriers (i.e., 17.5 kcal/mol). Based on the detailed mechanistic study, we further rationally designed additional Bi(III) and Sb(III) catalysts, and found that some of which exhibit promising potential for experimental realization due to their low barriers (<16.4 kcal/mol). In this regard, our study contributes significantly to enhancing current Bi(III)-catalytic systems and paving the way for novel Bi(III)-catalyzed aryl sulfonyl fluoride formation reactions., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Photothermal CO 2 methanation reaction represents a promising strategy for addressing CO 2 -related environmental issues. The presence of efficient tandem catalytic sites with a localized high-temperature is an effective pathway to enhance the performance of CO 2 methanation. Here the bimetallic RuCo nanoparticles anchored on ZrO 2 fiber cotton (RuCo/ZrO 2 ) as a photothermal catalyst for CO 2 methanation are prepared. A significant photothermal CO 2 methanation performance with optimal CH 4 selectivity (99%) and rate (169.93 mmol g cat -1 h -1 ) is achieved. The photothermal energy of the RuCo bimetallic nanoparticles, confined by the infrared insulation and low thermal conductivity of the ZrO 2 fiber cotton (ZrO 2 FC), provides a localized high-temperature. In situ spectroscopic experiments on RuCo/ZrO 2 , Ru/ZrO 2 , and Co/ZrO 2 indicate that the construction of tandem catalytic sites, where the Co site favors CO 2 conversion to CO while incorporating Ru enhances CO * adsorption for subsequent hydrogenation, results in a higher selectivity toward CH 4 . This work opens a new insight into designing tandem catalysts with a photothermal confinement effect in CO 2 methanation reaction., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Sophora davidii is a cross-pollinated plant with important ecological protection and medicinal value in China, but its seed yield is low due to backward and nonstandard production technology. Therefore, we divide the flowering period of Sophora davidii into initial, full and final flowering period, measuring the floral morphology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, nectar volume and nectar concentration, foraging behavior of pollinators, fertilization physiology, seed yield and quality through field observation and indoor testing to explore whether the flowering period affects the floral traits, pollinator behavior and seed production of plants. Our results revealed that the nectar volume, nectar concentration, pollen viability and stigma receptivity at full flowering period were the highest. The single visit time and visit time per flower of Chinese honey bees were the longest in the full flowering period, while the number of transfer, visit frequency and number of touching stigma were the least. The visiting number of the bees was the most and the most active in the full flowering period. The bees pollination not only improved the pollen amount, germination rate, pollen tube length and the ovule number of S. davidii , but also their effect was the most obvious in full flowering period. The principal component analysis showed that pollination by Chinese honey bees during the whole flowering period of S. davidii was the best way to produce seeds. We can conclude that flowering period affects flower traits, foraging behavior of pollinators, seed yield and quality of S. davidii .

Sophora davidii , a vital forage species, predominantly thrives in the subtropical karst mountains of Southwest China. Its resilience to poor soil conditions and arid environments renders it an ideal pioneer species for ecological restoration in these regions. This study investigates the influence of acidic, aluminum-rich local soil on the germination and seedling growth physiology of S. davidii . Experiments were conducted under varying degrees of acidity and aluminum stress, employing three pH levels (3.5 to 5.5) and four aluminum concentrations (0.5 to 2.0 mmol·L -1 ). The results showed that germination rate, germination index, and vigor index of S. davidii seeds were decreased but not significantly under slightly acidic conditions (pH 4.5-5.5), while strong acid (pH = 3.5) significantly inhibited the germination rate, germination index, and vigor index of white spurge seeds compared with the control group. Aluminum stress (≥0.5 mmol·L -1 ) significantly inhibited the germination rate, germination index, and vigor index of S. davidii seed. Moreover, the seedlings' root systems were sensitive to the changes of aluminum concentration, evident from significant root growth inhibition, characterized by root shortening and color deepening. Notably, under aluminum stress (pH = 4.3), the levels of malondialdehyde and proline in S. davidii escalated with increasing aluminum concentration, while antioxidant enzyme activities demonstrated an initial increase followed by a decline. The study underscores the pivotal role of cellular osmoregulatory substances and protective enzymes in combating aluminum toxicity in S. davidii , a key factor exacerbating growth inhibition in acidic environments. These findings offer preliminary theoretical insights for the practical agricultural utilization of S. davidii in challenging soil conditions.

Purpose: Patients with bacterial, fungal, and viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were studied to determine their metabolic profiles., Methods: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology and nucleic acid sequence-dependent amplification combined with microfluidic chip technology were applied to screen multiple pathogens from respiratory tract samples. Eighteen patients with single bacterial infection (B-CAP), fifteen with single virus infection (V-CAP), twenty with single fungal infection (F-CAP), and twenty controls were enrolled. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of untargeted serum samples for metabolic profiles. Multiple linear regression and Spearman's rank correlation analysis were used to determine associations between metabolites and clinical parameters. The sensitivity and specificity of the screened metabolites were also examined, along with their area under the curve., Results: The metabolic signatures of patients with CAP infected by bacteria, viruses, and fungi were markedly different from those of controls. The abundances of 45, 56, and 79 metabolites were significantly unbalanced. Among these differential metabolites, 11, 13, and 29 were unique to the B-CAP, V-CAP, and F-CAP groups, respectively. Bacterial infections were the only known causes of disturbances in the pentose and glucuronate and aldarate and ascorbate metabolism interconversions metabolic pathway., Conclusions: Serum metabolomic techniques based on UHPLC-MS/MS may identify differences between individuals with CAP who have been infected by various pathogens, and they can also build a metabolite signature for early detection of the origin of infection and prompt care.

Background: FOXP3 is a transcription factor that regulates the development and function of Treg, playing an essential role in preventing autoimmune diseases. Variation in FOXP3 can impair the function of Treg cells, thus destroying their inhibitory capacity and leading to autoimmune diseases. This paper investigated whether the three SNPs in the FOXP3 gene (-3279 C/A, -924 A/G and -6054 del/ATT) are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility in the Han Chinese population., Materials and Methods: The study cohort comprised 122 SLE patients and 268 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP). Furthermore, we examined the potential clinical manifestations associated with FOXP3 polymorphisms in SLE patients., Results: The results showed that the -3279 (C > A) was significantly associated with the SLE risk in a homozygote (OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.23-8.52, p  = .013, AA vs. CC), dominant (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.07-2.65, p  = .025, AC + AA vs. CC), recessive (OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.12-7.55, p  = .023, AA vs. AC + CC) and allelic (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.18-2.53, p  = .005, A vs. C) models. In addition, -924 (A > G) was positively associated with SLE risk in the heterozygote (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.04-2.66, p  = .033, AG vs. AA) and dominant (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.01-2.49, p  = .042, AG + GG vs. AA) models, whereas -6054 (del > ATT) was not associated with SLE. Moreover, the immunological index analysis suggested that decreased complement C4 occurred more frequently in SLE patients carrying the minor allele (A) -3279 (C > A) than those not ( p  = .005)., Conclusions: We demonstrated that -3279 (C > A) and -924 (A > G) were associated with an increased risk of SLE and the immunological index, indicating that the FOXP3 variation is potentially related to the occurrence and development of SLE.

Background: Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage is the major cause of cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Therefore, the maintenance of mitochondrial function, which is regulated by mitochondrial quality control (MQC), is necessary for cardiomyocyte homeostasis. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) function and its relationship with MQC., Methods: A hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress model was established using H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated with or without NAC prior to oxidative stress stimulation. Autophagy with light chain 3 (LC3)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the 2',7'-dichlorodi hydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content assay, and a mitochondrial membrane potential detection were used to evaluate mitochondrial dynamics in H 2 O 2 -treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes, with a focus on the involvement of MQC regulated by NAC. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using caspase-3 activity assay and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (V-FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) double staining., Results: We observed that NAC improved cell viability, reduced ROS levels, and partially restored optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) protein expression under oxidative stress. Following transfection with a specific OPA1 -small interfering RNA, the mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial functions, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were evaluated to further explore the mechanisms of NAC. Our results demonstrated that NAC attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the ROS/ OPA1 axis and protected against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage via the regulation of OPA1 -mediated MQC., Conclusions: NAC ameliorated the injury to H9c2 cardiomyocytes caused by H 2 O 2 by promoting the expression of OPA1 , consequently improving mitochondrial function and decreasing apoptosis., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jtd-24-927/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.)

Colletotrichum species can function as plant pathogens, saprobes or endophytes on a wide variety of plant hosts and are considered amongst the ten most significant genera of plant pathogens globally. China contributes almost half the walnut production in the world. However, Colletotrichum species occurring on walnut remain largely unresolved in China. To explore the Colletotrichum species found on walnut in China, 470 walnut fruit or leaf samples with anthracnose were collected from 14 main walnut-producing regions across seven provinces. A total of 165 Colletotrichum strains were isolated from these samples. The Colletotrichum isolates were identified, based on morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of ACT , CHS-1 , GAPDH , ITS and TUB2 . Twelve species, including 11 known Colletotrichum species ( C.boninense , C.citrulli , C.fioriniae , C.fructicola , C.godetiae , C.juglandicola , C.karsti , C.mengyinense , C.pandanicola , C.peakense and C.siamense ) and a novel species ( C.chinensis sp. nov. ) were identified. The species distribution revealed regional prevalence as follows: C.mengyinense was the most dominant species in Gansu, C.mengyinense and C.siamense in Shandong, C.chinensis in Beijing, C.pandanicola in Shaanxi and C.godetiae in Yunnan. Colletotrichumsiamense was the sole species isolated in Sichuan and Xinjiang Provinces. Koch's postulates were fulfilled, demonstrating that all 12 species cause anthracnose on walnut. This is the first report of C.boninense , C.citrulli and C.karsti as pathogens of walnut anthracnose worldwide., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Lin Zhang, Lili Zhao, Chen Liang, Luhan Yu, Ying Zhang.)

Raspberries are known to contain valuable metabolites and possess a robust antioxidant capacity. However, the impact of different tablet processing stages on the nutritional content and flavor profile of raspberries remains unclear. The dynamic profile of functional and volatile metabolites was investigated through foodomics combined with UPLC-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomics and HS-SPME-GC-MS, and antioxidant capacities were assessed during tablet processing. 1336 functional metabolites and 645 volatile metabolites were identified. Results indicated tablets retained 34% ∼ 61% of the total volatile contents. In addition, the conversion intensity of functional metabolites was consistent with the order of "Tableting > Freeze-drying > Crushing". Compared to raspberry, tablets showed higher antioxidant activity, which was positively correlated with vitamin contents. This study elucidated that tablet formation demonstrated advantages in antioxidation and aroma retention, which may provide insights for enhancing quality during the tableting process., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Immune therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, yet its efficacy remains limited, underscoring the urgency to identify new therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Here, we investigated the pathological and physiological roles of KIF20A and assess its potential in enhancing HCC treatment efficacy when combined with PD-1 inhibitors. We initially assess KIF20A's oncogenic function using liver-specific KIF20A knockout (Kif20a CKO) mouse models and orthotopic xenografts. Subsequently, we establish a regulatory axis involving KIF20A, FBXW7, and c-Myc, validated through construction of c-Myc splicing mutants. Large-scale clinical immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses confirm the pathological relevance of the KIF20A-FBXW7-c-Myc axis in HCC. We demonstrate that KIF20A overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in HCC by competitively inhibiting FBXW7-mediated degradation of c-Myc, thereby promoting glycolysis and enhancing tumor proliferation. Conversely, KIF20A downregulation suppresses these effects, impairing tumor growth through c-Myc downregulation. Notably, KIF20A inhibition attenuates c-Myc-induced MMR expression, associated with improved prognosis in HCC patients receiving PD-1 inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, in Kif20a CKO HCC mouse models, we observe synergistic effects between Kif20a knockout and anti-PD-1 antibodies, significantly enhancing immunotherapeutic efficacy against HCC. Our findings suggest that targeting the KIF20A-c-Myc axis could identify HCC patients likely to benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy. In conclusion, we propose that combining KIF20A inhibitors with anti-PD-1 treatment represents a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC, offering new avenues for clinical development and patient stratification., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

As the population ages, the prevalence of atherosclerosis (AS), a significant cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), continues to increase. Apoptosis is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Macrophages are the primary immune cell group in AS lesions, and their apoptosis plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of AS. There is a common mechanism of action for circular RNAs (circRNAs) that involves the sponging of microRNAs (miRNAs) by binding to the miRNA response element (MRE), thereby increasing the transcription of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Most diseases are profoundly reliant on circRNAs. However, the underlying mechanism of circRNAs in apoptosis is yet to be elucidated. All differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their expression levels were analysed by whole-transcriptome sequencing of samples from the control and nicotine groups of THP-1 macrophages. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that nicotine affects macrophage physiological processes and related pathways. GSEA focused on gene sets to better understand the potential pathways and biological functions of all mRNAs. A competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was constructed and validated through molecular biology experiments. The Notch signalling pathway was activated in nicotine-treated macrophages, and the expression of DLL4 in this pathway was increased. Circ&#95;0006476 is involved in apoptosis via miR-3074-5p / DLL4 , regulating pathogenic processes related to the Notch signalling pathway. The better we understand the pathways involved in macrophage apoptosis, the more likely we are to find other novel therapeutic targets that can help treat, prevent, and reduce the mortality associated with AS.

As one of the gaseous signals in living cells, carbon monoxide (CO) not only participates in many biological activities but also serves as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of diseases. However, the limited applicability of CO in gas therapy emerges from the inconvenience of direct administration of CO. Here we reported the construction of guanidinylated CO-releasing micelles, which are composed of poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC)-based CO donors. The in vitro studies demonstrated that micelles in the presence of light irradiation can induce cancer death, whereas no obvious toxicity to normal cells was observed. Moreover, the functionalization of guanidine groups imparts improved cellular uptake efficiency to micelles owing to the specific interactions with the surface of cells, which synergistically increase the anticancer capacity of the system. The guanidine-functionalized CO-releasing micelles provide a new strategy for the construction of CO-releasing nanocarriers, which are expected to find applications in gas therapeutics.

With advancements in sustainable urban development, research on urban functional areas has garnered significant attention. In recent years, Point-of-Interest, with their large volume of information and ease of acquisition, have been widely applied in research on urban functional domains. However, scholars currently focus on the identification of urban functional areas, usually relying on data from a single period, whereas research on the prediction of functional areas has not yet been well validated. Therefore, in this study, we propose a new method based on several years of POI data to predict urban functional areas. Taking Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, as an example, we first identified the functional area distribution of the old city of Nanjing over several years using POI data and then designed multiple sets of experiments to explore the CA-Markov model's ability to predict functional areas from various aspects, including model overall accuracy, robustness, and comparison analysis between predictions and actual situations. The results show that (1) for mixed or single functional areas, the model's predictions over several years tend to be stable, and the accuracy of the predictions over many years indicates the robustness of the model in predicting urban functional areas. (2) For mixed functional areas in cities, model predictions largely rely on the distribution of the base years used for prediction, leading to inaccurate results; thus, it is still not applicable for simulating and predicting mixed functional areas. (3) For single functional areas in cities or primary functions within an area, the model's predicted degree of change was close to the actual degree of change, making the results referable., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: To explore the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and students' academic control and academic emotion in the aftermath of a flood disaster. The findings will offer educators and relevant departments valuable insights to understand and facilitate the restoration of learning capabilities among students affected by the disaster., Methods: This study employed a combined approach of questionnaire surveys and longitudinal tracking. Students from Guangling Primary and Secondary School (Shouguang City, Weifang, Shandong Province) participated in surveys administered in September 2018, December 2018, and September 2019. The instruments utilized included the Post-Disaster Trauma Assessment Questionnaire, the Adolescent Academic Control Scale, and the mathematical version of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire. Data analysis involved two-factor correlation and mediation effect testing., Results: Significant differences were observed in overall PTSD scores and its three dimensions between the 1-week and 1-year post-disaster assessments. Both the average PTSD score and the detection rate were higher 1 year after the disaster compared to the first week. Students' academic control demonstrated a strong positive correlation with positive academic emotions and a significant negative correlation with anxiety-related academic emotions. Cross-lagged regression analysis indicated a predictive relationship: academic control measured 3 months post-disaster significantly predicted academic emotions at the 9-month assessment, and conversely, academic emotions at the 3-month point were predictive of academic control at 9 months. In addition, academic control appears to play a complete mediating role in the relationship between PTSD and academic emotions., Conclusion: Students exhibited a range of PTSD symptoms following the disaster, with a higher prevalence noted in the first year compared to the initial week. PTSD negatively affects academic standing in these students, and is predictive of both their sense of academic control and their emotional responses to learning. Crucially, academic control and academic emotions exhibit a strong correlation and can mutually affect one another. Interventions aimed at reducing PTSD symptoms, cultivating positive academic emotions, and strengthening students' sense of academic control must therefore consider the relationship between these factors. This holistic approach will enhance psychological well-being and improve academic performance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhao, Wang, Wang, Shen and Tao.)

The activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in astrocytes has been found in the hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) model. Cysteine rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) is secreted by reactive astrocytes. However, the effects of CYR61 on HIBD and its related mechanisms remain unclear. This study sought to explore the role of CYR61 in the activation of astrocytes and the NLRP3 inflammasome in neonatal HIBD. HIBD models were established in 7-day Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Neurobehavioral evaluation and 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining were performed. In addition, rat primary astrocytes were used to establish the cell model of HIBD in vitro by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). Then, CYR61-overexpression and sh-CYR61 viruses mediated by lentivirus were transduced into ODG/R-treated primary astrocytes. The expressions of related genes were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that hypoxia-ischemia induced short-term neurological deficits, neuronal damage, and cerebral infarction in neonatal rats. In vivo, the expressions of CYR61, NLRP3, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were up-regulated in the HIBD model. In vitro, CYR61 exhibited high expression. CYR61 overexpression increased the expressions of GFAP and C3, whereas decreased S100A10 expression. CYR61 overexpression increased the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 p20 and IL-1β. CYR61 overexpression activated NF-κB by promoting the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Thus, CYR61 is involved in neonatal HIBD progress, which may be related to the activation of astrocytes, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the NF-κB signaling pathway., (Copyright © 2024 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Feeding rate is an important factor influencing the carbon and nitrogen input and greenhouse gas emission from aquaculture systems. However, the quantitative relationship between feeding rates and GHG emissions is still poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a laboratory-scale experiment to examine the impact of feeding rate (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) on the CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from a pond rice-fish co-culture system. The results showed that the total amount of CH 4 emission did not significantly differ when the feeding rate was no more than 6%, but increased more than four times when the feeding rate reach to 8%. The amount of N 2 O emission showed a linearly increasing trend with the feeding rate. The emission factors of CH 4 and N 2 O was significantly higher for 8% feeding rate than other feeding rates. The variation of CH 4 emission was primarily attributed to the ratio of mcrA/pmoA in the sediment and the contents of biological oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water; and the variation of N 2 O was primarily affected by the available nitrogen in the water and sediment and the content of DO in the water. The overall emission of CH 4 and N 2 O showed an exponential relationship with feeding rate. The total yields of fish and rice did not continuously increase when the feeding rate exceeded 4%. The lowest emission intensity per unit yield was reached at the feeding rate of 2.99%. These results can provide a reference for the determination of low-carbon feeding strategy for pond rice-fish co-culture system., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a potentially fatal adverse event characterized by new pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This study aims to explore the interplay between lung microbiota, dysregulated metabolites, and host immunity in CIP., Methods: We recruited thirteen hospitalized CIP patients, eleven idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients, and ten new-onset non-small cell lung cancer patients. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The percentages of immune cells were determined using manual counting and flow cytometry. Interactions among microbiota, metabolites, and lymphocytes were analyzed using cultured mouse splenocytes and human T cells., Findings: Proteobacteria emerged as the dominant phylum, notably abundant in both the CIP and IPF groups. Vibrio, Halomonas, Mangrovibacter, and Salinivibrio were the predominant microbiota because of their discriminative abundance patterns. Vibrio (r = 0.72, P-adj = 0.007) and Halomonas (r = 0.65, P-adj = 0.023) demonstrated strong correlations with lymphocytes. Vibrio metschnikovii and Mangrovibacter plantisponsors were more abundant in the CIP group than in the IPF group. Lauroylcarnitine, a key intermediary metabolite co-occurring with the predominant microbiota, exhibited a potent effect on cytokine secretion by mouse and human T cells, notably enhancing IFN-γ and TNF-α production from CD4 and CD8 cells in vitro., Interpretation: Lauroylcarnitine, co-occurring with the predominant lung microbiota in CIP, could activate T cells in vitro. These findings suggest potential involvement of lung microbiota and acylcarnitine metabolism dysregulation in the pathogenesis of CIP., Funding: This work was supported by Peking University People's Hospital Scientific Research Development Funds (RDJ2022-15) and Provincial Key Clinical Specialty Capacity Building Project 2020 (Department of the Respiratory Medicine)., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Accurate diagnosis of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) can reduce their risk of developing colorectal cancer. This study intended to explore whether moxifloxacin, an agent with fluorescence potential, could promote two-photon microscopy (TPM) diagnosis for mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, which could imitate human UC., Methods: 32 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, acute colitis, remission colitis and chronic colitis. Fluorescence parameters, imaging performance, and tissue features of different mouse models were compared under moxifloxacin-assisted TPM and label-free TPM., Results: Excitation wavelength of 720 nm and moxifloxacin labeling time of 2 min was optimal for moxifloxacin-assisted TPM. With moxifloxacin labeling for colonic tissues, excitation power was decreased to 1/10 of that without labeling while fluorescence intensity was increased to 10-fold of that without labeling. Photobleaching was negligible after moxifloxacin labeling and moxifloxacin fluorescence kept stable within 2 h. Compared with the control group, moxifloxacin fluorescence was reduced in the three colitis groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the proportion of enhanced moxifloxacin fluorescence regions was (22.4 ± 1.6)%, (7.7 ± 1.0)%, (13.5 ± 1.7)% and (5.0 ± 1.3)% in the control, acute, remission and chronic groups respectively, with significant reduction in the three colitis groups (P < 0.05). Besides, variant tissue features of experimental colitis models were presented under moxifloxacin-assisted TPM, such as crypt opening, glandular structure, adjacent glandular space and moxifloxacin distribution., Conclusions: With unique biological interaction between moxifloxacin and colonic mucosa, moxifloxacin-assisted TPM imaging is feasible and effective for accurate diagnosis of different stages of experimental colitis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The prognosis of fracture is directly related to several factors. Due to the limitations of existing treatment strategies, there are still many fractures with poor healing. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Therefore, BMSC transplantation is promised as an effective method for treating bone fractures. We aim to explore whether silently expressing sclerostin gene (SOST) can promote bone formation through the SOST/Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. We isolated rat BMSCs and the target gene (SOST shRNA) was transduced into them for osteogenic induction. The results showed that SOST significantly inhibited the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs during osteogenic induction, whereas silently expressing SOST not only increased the number of surviving BMSCs but also promoted the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins RUNX2, osteoprotegerin, Collagen I (COL-I), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 during osteogenic induction. The results of imaging examination in rats show that downregulating the expression of SOST can promote the formation of bony callus and the transformation of cartilage tissue into normal bone tissue, and then accelerate the healing of osteoporotic fracture. In addition, we also found that SOST silencing can activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to achieve these effects. In conclusion, SOST silencing can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in situ, and therefore may enhance the therapeutic efficiency of BMSC transplantation in OPF.

Sulfur-containing compounds are responsible for the aroma of Toona sinensis shoot (TS). In this study, vacuum-freeze-drying (VFD), microwave-drying (MD), and hot-air-drying at 100 and 40 °C (HAD100 and HAD40, respectively), were applied to dehydrate perishable TS for preservation. VFD-TS retained most aroma of fresh/raw TS after rehydration. The content of sulfur-containing compounds reached to 118.00 µg/g with leading by methyl thiirane, (E,E)/(E,Z)/(Z,Z)-bis-(1-propenyl) disulfides, and (Z)/(E)-2-mercapto-3,4-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrothiophenes accounting for 86.33 %. They were undetected in the rehydrated MD-TS and HAD100-TS, as the indigenous enzymes in TS were deactivated under their dehydration conditions. Interestingly, the sulfur-containing compounds was restored by 77.47 % after the TS was treated by gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Thus, the release of sulfur-containing compounds from TS could depend on GGT reaction. It was different from alliaceous vegetables relying on alliinase reaction. The results revealed the aroma formation in TS and provided an approach to enhance the aroma of TS dried by different methods., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Lung cancer is a significant health concern, and is often accompanied by comorbid depression, leading to worsened prognosis and decreased quality of life for patients. This study aimed to investigate the potential influence of a diet rich in Omega-3 fatty acids on the quality of life of patients with squamous cell lung cancer and comorbid depression., Methods: A retroactive analysis of clinical information from patients with squamous cell lung cancer and comorbid depression admitted to Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University from June 2022 to June 2023 was conducted. The patients were classified into two groups on the basis of different dietary care approaches: the Routine Dietary Group and the Omega-3 Fatty Acids Group. Baseline characteristics, pulmonary function tests, dietary intake, depression scoring, and quality of life scores were compared between the two groups., Results: 103 patients in total were included, with 51 in the Routine Dietary Group and 52 in the Omega-3 Fatty Acids Group. The Omega-3 Fatty Acids Group exhibited significantly higher ingestion of Omega-3 fatty acids in comparison with the Routine Dietary Group (3.15 ± 0.64 g/day vs. 2.93 ± 0.28 g/day, p = 0.022). Despite similar baseline pulmonary function tests, patients in the Omega-3 Fatty Acids Group showed significantly higher scores in physical (70.17 ± 4.81 vs. 68.18 ± 5.03, p = 0.043) and emotional (71.29 ± 4.58 vs. 69.38 ± 4.25, p = 0.030) functioning, as well as lower scores in insomnia (27.41 ± 4.51 vs. 29.34 ± 4.21, p = 0.027) and constipation (7.34 ± 1.66 vs. 8.43 ± 3.36, p = 0.040)., Conclusion: The study provided insights into the potential impact of a diet rich in Omega-3 fatty acids on the quality of life of patients with squamous cell lung cancer and complicating depression, suggesting that dietary interventions emphasizing Omega-3 fatty acids may be conducive to improving physical and emotional functioning, as well as symptom management, in this patient population.

Our previous study identified round scad neuroprotective peptides with different characteristics. However, the intrinsic relationship between their structure and bioactivity, as well as their bioavailability, remains unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the bioavailability of these peptides and their structure-activity relationship against neuroinflammation. Results showed that the SR and WCP peptides were resistant to gastrointestinal digestion. Additionally, peptides SR, WCP, and WCPF could transport Caco-2 monolayers as intact peptides. The permeability coefficients ( P app ) of SR, WCP, and WCPF in Caco-2 monolayer were (1.53 ± 0.01) × 10 -5 , (2.12 ± 0.01) × 10 -5 , and (8.86 ± 0.03) × 10 -7 cm/s, respectively. Peptides SR, WCP, and WCPF, as promising inhibitors of JAK2 and STAT3, could attenuate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulate the NFκB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. WCPF exerted the highest anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, bioinformatics, molecular docking, and quantum chemistry studies indicated that the bioactivity of SR was attributed to Arg, whereas those of WCP and WCPF were attributed to Trp. This study supports the application of round-scad peptides and deepens the understanding of the structure-activity relationship of neuroprotective peptides.

The unprecedented silylene-supported dibenzodiboraoxepin 2 and 9,10-diboraphenanthrene complexes 6 and 8 were synthesized. The (NHSi) 2 B 2 (xanthene) [NHSi = PhC(NtBu) 2 (Me 2 N)Si:] 2 results from debromination of the bis(NHSi)-stabilized bis(dibromoboryl)xanthene 1 with potassium graphite (KC 8 ); 2 is capable of activating white phosphorus and ammonia to form the B 2 P 4 cage compound 3 and H 2 N-B-B-H diborane species 4 , respectively. The thermal rearrangement of 2 affords the 9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraphenanthrene 5 through a bis(NHSi)-assisted intramolecular reductive C-O-C deoxygenation process. Notably, the 9,10-diboraphenanthrene derivatives 6 and 8 could be generated by deoxygenation of 2 with KC 8 and 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene, respectively. The aromaticity of 6 and 8 was confirmed by computational studies. Strikingly, the NHSi ligand in 8 engenders the monodeoxygenation of carbon dioxide in toluene at room temperature to form the CO-stabilized 9,10-diboraphenanthrene derivative 9 via the silaoxadiborinanone intermediate 10 .

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a mortal clinical syndrome without effective therapies. Empagliflozin (EMPA) improves cardiovascular outcomes in HFpEF patients, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with L-NAME for 12 weeks and subsequently intraperitoneally injected with EMPA for another 4 weeks. A 4D-DIA proteomic assay was performed to detect protein changes in the failing hearts. We identified 310 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (ctrl vs. HFpEF group) and 173 DEPs (HFpEF vs. EMPA group). The regulation of immune system processes was enriched in all groups and the interferon response genes (STAT1, Ifit1, Ifi35 and Ifi47) were upregulated in HFpEF mice but downregulated after EMPA administration. In addition, EMPA treatment suppressed the increase in the levels of aging markers (p16 and p21) in HFpEF hearts. Further bioinformatics analysis verified STAT1 as the hub transcription factor during pathological changes in HFpEF mice. We next treated H9C2 cells with IFN-γ, a primary agonist of STAT1 phosphorylation, to investigate whether EMPA plays a beneficial role by blocking STAT1 activation. Our results showed that IFN-γ treatment caused cardiomyocyte senescence and STAT1 activation, which were inhibited by EMPA administration. Notably, STAT1 inhibition significantly reduced cellular senescence possibly by regulating STING expression. Our findings revealed that EMPA mitigates cardiac inflammation and aging in HFpEF mice by inhibiting STAT1 activation. The STAT1-STING axis may act as a pivotal mechanism in the pathogenesis of HFpEF, especially under inflammatory and aging conditions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) is a powerful tool for elucidating protein structures and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) at the global scale. However, sensitive XL-MS analysis of mass-limited samples remains challenging, due to serious sample loss during sample preparation of the low-abundance cross-linked peptides. Herein, an optimized miniaturized filter-aided sample preparation (O-MICROFASP) method was presented for sensitive XL-MS analysis of microscale samples. By systematically investigating and optimizing crucial experimental factors, this approach dramatically improves the XL identification of low and submicrogram samples. Compared with the conventional FASP method, more than 7.4 times cross-linked peptides were identified from single-shot analysis of 1 μg DSS cross-linked HeLa cell lysates (440 vs 59). The number of cross-linked peptides identified from 0.5 μg HeLa cell lysates was increased by 58% when further reducing the surface area of the filter to 0.058 mm 2 in the microreactor. To deepen the identification coverage of XL-proteome, five different types of cross-linkers were used and each μg of cross-linked HeLa cell lysates was processed by O-MICROFASP integrated with tip-based strong cation exchange (SCX) fractionation. Up to 2741 unique cross-linked peptides were identified from the 5 μg HeLa cell lysates, representing 2579 unique K-K linkages on 1092 proteins. About 96% of intraprotein cross-links were within the maximal distance restraints of 26 Å, and 75% of the identified PPIs reported by the STRING database were with high confidence (scores ≥0.9), confirming the high validity of the identified cross-links for protein structural mapping and PPI analysis. This study demonstrates that O-MICROFASP is a universal and efficient method for proteome-wide XL-MS analysis of microscale samples with high sensitivity and reliability.

Rationale: Bevacizumab (Bev) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor A and is primarily used for the treatment of various solid tumors. Aortic dissection (AD) is a severe vascular disease caused by the tearing of the intimal layer of the aorta or bleeding within the aortic wall, resulting in the separation of different layers of the aortic wall. However, the pathogenesis is not fully understood. Some studies have suggested that Bev treatment is associated with the occurrence of AD., Patient Concerns: A 67-year-old Chinese male was diagnosed with rectal cancer accompanied by liver and lung metastasis. Three days after starting combined chemotherapy with Bev, the patient developed persistent abdominal pain. Abdominal CT scan revealed celiac trunk AD in the abdominal aorta., Diagnoses: The patient was diagnosed with rectal cancer accompanied by liver and lung metastases. Abdominal CT tomography revealed a celiac trunk AD., Interventions: Somatostatin combined with valsartan was used to control blood pressure. The patient was subsequently referred for vascular surgery and underwent an abdominal aortic angiography. Conservative treatment was continued., Outcomes: Three months after the initiation of treatment, follow-up abdominal CT scans showed stability in the condition of celiac trunk AD, with no abdominal pain or hypertension. There were no signs of worsening dissection, aneurysm formation, or inadequate perfusion of end organs., Lessons: There may be a connection between Bev and elevated blood pressure as well as celiac trunk AD., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Excessive phosphorus (P) levels can disrupt nutrient balance in plants, adversely affecting growth. The molecular responses of Pennisetum species to high phosphorus stress remain poorly understood. This study examined two Pennisetum species, Pennisetum americanum × Pennisetum purpureum and Pennisetum americanum, under varying P concentrations (200, 600 and 1000 µmol·L - 1 KH 2 PO 4 ) to elucidate transcriptomic alterations under high-P conditions. Our findings revealed that P. americanum exhibited stronger adaption to high-P stress compared to P. americanum× P. purpureum. Both species showed an increase in plant height and leaf P content under elevated P levels, with P. americanum demonstrating greater height and higher P content than P. americanum× P. purpureum. Transcriptomic analysis identified significant up- and down-regulation of key genes (e.g. SAUR, GH3, AHP, PIF4, PYL, GST, GPX, GSR, CAT, SOD1, CHS, ANR, P5CS and PsbO) involved in plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, peroxisomes, flavonoid biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis and photosynthesis pathways. Compared with P. americanum× P. purpureum, P. americanum has more key genes in the KEGG pathway, and some genes have higher expression levels. These results contribute valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms governing high-P stress in Pennisetum species and offer implications for broader plant stress research., (© 2024. The Author(s).)