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A high-sensitivity temperature sensor based on gold-coated D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is proposed in this paper. To enhance the sensing performances, gold as the surface plasmon resonance material is coated on the polishing surface. The thermosensitive liquid consists of ethanol and chloroform, and it is placed on the outer layer of the photonic crystal fiber. As the phase-matching condition is satisfied, the core mode couples to the surface plasmon polariton mode, and energy transfer occurs. The influences of the structural parameters on the sensing characteristics were studied using the finite element method. The numerical results show the average sensitivity can reach up to 10.61 nm/°C, and the linearity R 2 =0.99341 for the temperature sensing ranges of 0-60°C. Moreover, a good spectral shape can be realized by the proposed fiber. Compared with some previously reported temperature sensors, the proposed temperature sensor shows excellent performances in terms of the sensitivity, detection range, and fabrication.