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The study focuses on the syntactic functions and prosodic features of the turn-media particle dai in Jishou dialect, Hunan Province, China, as well as its distributions and interactional functions across eight different contexts. The research utilizing a corpus of 70 h consisting of 300,000 characters of the Jishou dialect, employed the conversation analysis (CA) method to analyze the interactional behaviors of dai . The results show that dai serves as an overt marker of speakers' negative stances, including complaining and criticizing. It is treated as an emerging product continuously shaped by diverse factors, such as context, sequential positioning, prosodic manifestation in talk-in-interaction, and its influence on the subsequent development of the conversation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Liu, Li, Liu and Zeng.)

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogen causing severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and death in nursing piglets and enormous economic losses for the global swine industry. Furthermore, it can infect multiple animal species including humans. Therefore, a rapid, definitive diagnostic assay is required for the effective control of this zoonotic pathogen. To identify PDCoV, we developed a nucleic acid detection assay combining reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) targeting the highly conserved genomic region in the ORF1b gene. The RT-RAA-LFD assay exhibited good PDCoV detection reproducibility and repeatability and could be completed within 11 min. Ten minutes at 40 °C was required for nucleic acid amplification and 1 min at room temperature was needed for the visual LFD readout. The assay specifically detected PDCoV and did not cross-react with any other major swine pathogens. The 95% limit of detection (LOD) was 3.97 median tissue culture infectious dose PDCoV RNA per reaction. This performance was comparable to that of a reference TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR (trRT-PCR) assay for PDCoV. Of 149 swine small intestine, rectal swab, and serum samples, 71 and 75 tested positive for PDCoV according to RT-RAA-LFD and trRT-PCR, respectively. The diagnostic coincidence rate for both assays was 97.32% (145/149) and the kappa value was 0.946 (p < 0.001). Overall, the RT-RAA-LFD assay is a user-friendly diagnostic tool that can rapidly and visually detect PDCoV.

Craniomaxillofacial bone defects seriously affect the appearance, function, and psychological status of patients. Traditional autologous bone grafting is very challenging due to the limited sources of bone tissue, excessive surgical trauma, and high incidence of related complications. Craniomaxillofacial bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies based on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are emerging as an alternative. Craniomaxillofacial BMSCs (C-BMSCs) are homologous to craniomaxillofacial bones, which develop from the mesoderm and neural crest. This article aims to compare the differences in osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune regulation of C-BMSCs and other sources of BMSCs, and propose ideas and strategies such as 3D printing and mechanotherapy to completely harness the characteristics of C-BMSCs. In conclusion, C-BSMCs are a promising source of stem cells for the repair and reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects, and more attention should be paid to accelerating their basic research and clinical practices., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Icariside II, as a favonoid compound derived from epimedium, has been proved to involed in a variety of biological and pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporosis, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, and anti-cancer but its mechanism is unclear, especially in terms of its effect on post-transcriptional modification of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Phosphorylation of eNOS plays an important role in the synthesis of nitric oxide in endothelial cells, which is closely related to erectile dysfunction, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and other diseases. Our study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of Icariside II on the rapid phosphorylation of eNOS. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with Icariside II in the presence or absence of multiple inhibitors (1 µM), including LY294002 (PI3K-inhibitor), MK-2206 (AKT-inhibitor), Bisindolylmaleimide X (AMPK-inhibitor), H-89 (CaMKII-inhibitor), KN-62 (PKA-inhibitor), Dorsomorphin (PKC-inhibitor). The proliferation of HUVECs was assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The release of nitric oxide (NO) within HUVECs was detected via fluorescence probe (DAF-FM). Western blot was used to examine the effect of Icariside II on the expression of eNOS, phosphorylation of eNOS, and common signaling pathways proteins. In this study, Icariside II was found to promote the cell proliferation and rapid NO release in HUVECs. The phosphorylation of eNOS-Ser1177 was significantly increased after Icariside II stimulation and reached a peak at 10 min ( p  < 0.05). Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495 was significantly decreased after 45 min of stimulation ( p  < 0.05). Following the intervention with multiple inhibitors, it was found that MK-2206 (AKT inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), KN-62 (AMPK inhibitor), and Bisindolylmaleimide X (PKC inhibitor) could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of eNOS-Ser1177 caused by Icariside II ( p  < 0.05), while MK-2206, LY294002, and Bisindolylmaleimide X reversed the alleviated phosphorylation of eNOS-Thr495. We concluded that Icariside can regulate rapid phosphorylation of eNOS- Ser1177 and eNOS-Thr495 via multiple signaling pathways, resulting in the up-regulation of eNOS and the increased release of NO., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2022 Song et al.)

Strontium loaded titania nanotube arrays (NTSr), as well as titania nanotube arrays (NT), have been regarded as effective coatings to promote bone regeneration on titanium implants, but an understanding of the full extent of early processes affected by such surface modifications is absent. To address this limitation, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of Sprague-Dawley rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSCs) cultured on unmodified titanium sheets (Con), NT and NTSr specimens. By pairwise comparisons we found that NT and NTSr shared a majority of differentially expressed genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that NT and NTSr up-regulated a bunch of genes that are annotated to the cytoskeleton. The results were supported by immunofluorescent, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blotting assays. By inhibiting the cytoskeleton through pharmacological agents, the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on NT and NTSr were also suppressed. Informed by these results, we concluded that NT and NTSr specimens reorganized the cytoskeleton of cultured cells that may play a crucial role in osteogenic lineage commitment., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Compared with the general population, a poorer quality of bone-implant osseointegration occurs and at a higher failure rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of local injection of nerve growth factor at the bone-implant interface after implantation in type 2 diabetic rats., Materials and Methods: Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats (n = 30) were used as a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and Wistar rats were used as a control (n = 15). GK rats were assigned randomly into two groups (n = 15/group): the diabetes mellitus group (saline only) and the nerve growth factor group (received nerve growth factor treatment). One titanium implant was placed in each rat's left tibia. Immediately postoperatively, nerve growth factor group rats were injected with nerve growth factor (0.4 μg/day) intramuscularly around the implant, daily for 7 days. Diabetes mellitus and control group rats received normal saline in an identical manner. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks following implant surgery., Results: Traditional light and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used on nondecalcified sections to investigate fluorochrome labeling changes and histologic features of bone adjoining the implants. Bone-to-implant contact and bone volume percentage in the diabetes mellitus group were significantly less than in the control and nerve growth factor groups, with no statistically significant differences between the control and nerve growth factor groups. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed a significant increase in marked bone around the nerve growth factor group implant at 4 weeks (P < .01) and 8 weeks (P < .05) compared with the diabetes mellitus group., Conclusion: This study showed that local injection of nerve growth factor could improve implant-bone osseointegration in diabetic rats and may have important clinical implications.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the percentage of people in high risk of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in edentulous population using the modified Berlin questionnaire (MBQ), to identify sex difference in percentage of edentulous people at high risk of OSAHS, and to analyze the occurrence rate of OSAHS-related symptoms that were not included in the MBQ in this group of people., Methods: Five hundred and forty patients (edentulous in mandible or maxilla or both) were recruited to participate in this study. Demographic information, nocturnal denture wearing habit, and sleeping posture were recorded. Meanwhile, subjects completed the MBQ in which participants' snoring behavior, wake-time sleepiness or fatigue, and the presence of obesity or hypertension were investigated., Results: Four hundred qualified questionnaires were obtained. According to the MBQ, about 31 % of the subjects were classified at high risk of OSAHS. No significant difference in the percentage of people at high risk of OSAHS was found between male and female groups. Dry or sore mouth and throat, polyuria during sleep, and difficult to fall asleep/easy to wake up showed high occurrence rate equal to or higher than 60 % in the high-risk group., Conclusions: According to the MBQ, about 31 % of the edentulous population was identified as high risk of OSAHS. Equal attention should be given to elderly edentulous female and male since they are at the same level of risk of developing OSAHS.

Statement of Problem: The wear resistance of artificial teeth is important to the life of the removable prosthesis for the edentulous patient. The ability of artificial teeth to maintain a stable occlusal relationship over time may be influenced by this property., Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the wear resistance of artificial teeth based on composite resin filler content when opposed by a denture tooth antagonist., Material and Methods: The right first molars (both maxillary and mandibular) of 3 composite resin denture teeth (Endura, 47% organic filler; Duradent, 42% organic and inorganic filler; and Duracross, 68% organic filler) were secured in an in vitro 2-body wear-testing apparatus that simulated masticatory function (60 strokes/min, grinding distance of 2 mm, under 37 degrees C flowing water). Wear resistance was assessed as volume loss (mm3) and height loss (mm) at 5 kgf (grinding force) after 50,000 strokes (6 pairs for each type). The Vickers microhardness (VHN) of the occlusal surfaces was measured with a load of 50 g and a loading time of 30 seconds. After testing, the worn surfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mean values were analyzed using a 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Fisher test (alpha=.05)., Results: The volume loss of Duradent teeth (0.87 +/- 0.03 mm3) was significantly higher than of the 2 other types of teeth tested (P<.001). The Duracross teeth (0.22 +/- 0.08 mm3 and 0.11 +/- 0.04 mm) exhibited the best wear resistance of the denture teeth tested. The wear resistance of the materials tested was consistent with their hardness (Endura 27.54 +/- 0.67 VHN, Duradent 24.00 +/- 0.60 VHN, Duracross 39.64 +/- 3.11 VHN). SEM observation showed that many filler particles were missing from the matrix of Duradent., Conclusion: The wear resistance among the 3 types of teeth was significantly different; Duracross and Endura were more wear resistant than Duradent. Although the densities as reported by the manufacturer were similar, hardness and microstructure were the primary factors affecting the wear resistance of artificial teeth. Hardness appears to correlate with wear resistance since the wear resistance of Duradent with a lower VHN of 24 was greater than the other 2 types of teeth with greater hardness.