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Hydrogen shows great promise as a carbon-neutral energy carrier that can significantly mitigate global energy challenges, offering a sustainable solution. Exploring catalysts that are highly efficient, cost-effective, and stable for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) holds crucial importance. For this, metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have demonstrated extensive applicability as either a heterogeneous catalyst or catalyst precursor. Herein, a nanostructured interface between NiMo/CuO@C derived from Cu-MOF was designed and developed on nickel foam (NF) as a competent HER electrocatalyst in alkaline media. The catalyst exhibited a low overpotential of 85 mV at 10 mA cm -2 that rivals that of Pt/C (83 mV @ 10 mA cm -2 ). Moreover, the catalyst's durability was measured through chronopotentiometry at a constant current density of -30, -100, and -200 mA cm -2 for 50 h each in 1.0 M KOH. Such enhanced electrocatalytic performance could be ascribed to the presence of highly conductive C and Cu species, the facilitated electron transfer between the components because of the nanostructured interface, and abundant active sites as a result of multiple oxidation states. The existence of an ionized oxygen vacancy (O v ) signal was confirmed in all heat-treated samples through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis. This revelation sheds light on the entrapment of electrons in various environments, primarily associated with the underlying defect structures, particularly vacancies. These trapped electrons play a crucial role in augmenting electron conductivity, thereby contributing to an elevated HER performance.

Supercapacitor devices are interesting owing to their broad range of applicability from wearable electronics to energy storage in electric vehicles. One of the key parameters that affect the efficiency of supercapacitor devices is selecting the ideal electrode material for a specific application. Regarding this, recently developed metal oxides, specifically nanostructured ZnO, and MXenes with their defect structures, size effects, as well as optical and electronic properties have been presented as electrode material in supercapacitor devices. The discussion of MXenes along with ZnO, although different in chemistry, also highlights the differences in dimensionality when it comes to defect-driven effects, especially in carrier transport. The volume under the influence of the defect centers is expected to be different in bulk and 2D structures, regardless of composition. Hence, analysis and discussion of both materials provide a fundamental understanding regarding the manner in which 2D structures are impacted by defects compared to bulk. Such an approach would therefore serve the scientific community with the material design tools needed to fabricate the next generation of supercapacitor devices., (Copyright © 2021, Ammar et al.; licensee Beilstein-Institut.)