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Purpose: To explored the impact of dexmedetomidine and esketamine in mitigating restlessness during the postoperative recovery phase following laparoscopic surgery in children., Methods: 102 individuals aged 1 to 7 years experiencing laparoscopic surgery were randomly allocated into three groups, each accepting 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine, 0.3 mg/kg of esketamine, or saline immediately at the end of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Emergence agitation (EA) occurrence was assessed by PAED scale and 5-point agitation scale. Pain was judged using Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale. The recovery time, extubation time, and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay time were recorded for all three groups., Results: Patients administered 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine (8.8%) and individuals given 0.3 mg/kg of esketamine (11.8%) showed lower incidences of emergence agitation compared to those receiving saline (35.5%; P = 0.009). There was no statistically significant difference in the time to discharge from the PACU among the three groups of patients (P > 0.05). The recovery time and extubation time were notably extended in the dexmedetomidine group (40.88 ± 12.95 min, 42.50 ± 13.38 min) when compared to the saline group (32.56 ± 13.05 min, 33.29 ± 11.30 min; P = 0.009, P = 0.010)., Conclusion: Following CO 2 pneumoperitoneum in pediatric laparoscopic surgeries, the intravenous administration of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine or 0.3 mg/kg esketamine effectively lowers EA occurrence without extending PACU time., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

As a major contributor to carbon emissions, the transportation sector faces immense pressure to align with China's carbon peak and neutrality goals. Technological progress is a crucial strategy for achieving these goals. However, rebound effects can make technological progress a double-edged sword in terms of reducing emissions. A deep understanding of the carbon rebound effect (CRE) in the transportation sector is crucial for fully leveraging the role of technological progress on carbon reduction. This study uses nonparametric frontier methods to calculate and analyze the CRE of the transportation sector related to technological progress in 30 provinces of China from 2006 to 2021 for the first time. The relevant findings are threefold. (1) During the sample period, the estimated CRE ranged from 20 % to 210 %, averaging 69.19 %. Half of provinces exhibited backfire effects, that is, rebound emissions exceeded the low-carbon gains. (2) CRE exhibits fluctuations over time and is significantly affected by economic policy shocks. Technological progress is a significant driver of transportation carbon emissions reduction. (3) CRE varies considerably across regions, with the eastern coastal provinces exhibiting the lowest CRE, averaging 57.96 %. The central regions followed with an average of 81.54 %, while the western regions had the highest CRE of 111.85 %. This study has crucial implications for enabling policymakers to better understand CRE in the transportation sector and strategically develop subsequent policies that are specifically tailored to regional conditions., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Tumorous bone defects present significant challenges for surgical bio-reconstruction due to the dual pathological conditions of residual tumor presence and extensive bone loss following excision surgery. To address this challenge, a "thermal switch" smart bone scaffold based on the silicene nanosheet-modified decalcified bone matrix (SNS@DBM) is developed by leveraging the natural affinity between collagen and silicene, which is elucidated by molecular dynamics simulations. Benefitting from its exceptional photothermal ability, biodegradability, and bioactivity, the SNS@DBM "thermal switch" provides an integrated postoperative sequential thermotherapy for tumorous bone loss by exerting three levels of photothermal stimulation (i.e., strong, moderate, and nonstimulation). During the different phases of postoperative bioconstruction, the SNS@DBM scaffold realizes simultaneous residual tumor ablation, tumor recurrence prevention, and bone tissue regeneration. These biological effects are verified in the tumor-bearing nude mice of patient-derived tissue xenografts and critical cranium defect rats. Mechanism research prompts moderate heat stimulus generated by and coordinating with SNSs can upregulate osteogenic genes, promote macrophages M2 polarization, and intensify angiogenesis of H-type vessels. This study introduces a versatile approach to the management of tumorous bone defects., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Introduction: Wearable exoskeletons are emerging technologies for providing movement assistance and rehabilitation for people with motor disorders. In this study, we focus on the specific gait pathology dropfoot, which is common after a stroke. Dropfoot makes it difficult to achieve foot clearance during swing and heel contact at early stance and often necessitates compensatory movements., Methods: We developed a soft ankle exoskeleton consisting of actuation and transmission systems to assist two degrees of freedom simultaneously: dorsiflexion and eversion, then performed several proof-of-concept experiments on non-disabled persons. The actuation system consists of two motors worn on a waist belt. The transmission system provides assistive force to the medial and lateral sides of the forefoot via Bowden cables. The coupling design enables variable assistance of dorsiflexion and inversion at the same time, and a force-free controller is proposed to compensate for device resistance. We first evaluated the performance of the exoskeleton in three seated movement tests: assisting dorsiflexion and eversion, controlling plantarflexion, and compensating for device resistance, then during walking tests. In all proof-of-concept experiments, dropfoot tendency was simulated by fastening a weight to the shoe over the lateral forefoot., Results: In the first two seated tests, errors between the target and the achieved ankle joint angles in two planes were low; errors of <1.5° were achieved in assisting dorsiflexion and/or controlling plantarflexion and of <1.4° in assisting ankle eversion. The force-free controller in test three significantly compensated for the device resistance during ankle joint plantarflexion. In the gait tests, the exoskeleton was able to normalize ankle joint and foot segment kinematics, specifically foot inclination angle and ankle inversion angle at initial contact and ankle angle and clearance height during swing., Discussion: Our findings support the feasibility of the new ankle exoskeleton design in assisting two degrees of freedom at the ankle simultaneously and show its potential to assist people with dropfoot and excessive inversion., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Liu, Wang and Gutierrez-Farewik.)

Background: To develop and validate a nomogram model based on Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI for differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) showing iso- or hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP)., Methods: A total of 75 patients with 49 HCCs and 26 FNHs randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 52: 34 HCC; 18 FNH) and an internal validation cohort (n = 23: 15 HCC; 8 FNH). A total of 37 patients (n = 37: 25 HCC; 12 FNH) acted as an external test cohort. The clinical and imaging characteristics between HCC and FNH groups in the training cohort were compared. The statistically significant parameters were included into the FAE software, and a multivariate logistic regression classifier was used to identify independent predictors and establish a nomogram model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the prediction ability of the model, while the calibration and decision curves were used for model validation. Subanalysis was used to compare qualitative and quantitative characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis between the HCC and FNH groups., Results: In the training cohort, gender, age, enhancement rate in the arterial phase (AP), focal defects in uptake were significant predictors for HCC showing iso- or hyperintensity in the HBP. In the training cohort, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of the nomogram model were 0.989(95%CI: 0.967-1.000), 97.1% and 94.4%. In the internal validation cohort, the above three indicators were 0.917(95%CI: 0.782-1.000), 93.3% and 87.5%. In the external test cohort, the above three indicators were 0.960(95%CI: 0.905-1.000), 84.0% and 100.0%. The results of subanalysis showed that age was the independent predictor in the patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis between HCC and FNH groups., Conclusions: Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI nomogram model may be useful for discriminating HCC and FNH showing iso- or hyperintensity in the HBP before surgery., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Uterine endometrial cancer (UEC) is a common gynecological estrogen-dependent carcinoma, usually accompanied by intermenstrual bleeding. Active heme metabolism frequently plays an increasingly important role in many diseases, especially in cancers. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major population in the immune microenvironment of UEC. However, the roles of heme metabolisms in the crosstalk between UEC cells (UECCs) and macrophages are unclear., Materials and Methods: In our study, by using TCGA database analysis, integration analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and sample RNA transcriptome sequencing were done. The expression level of both heme-associated molecules and iron metabolism-related molecules were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Heme level detection was done through dehydrohorseradish peroxidase assay. In addition to immunohistochemistry, phagocytosis assay of macrophages, immunofluorescence staining, intracellular ferrous iron staining, as well as enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay were performed., Results: In the study, we verified that heme accumulation in UECCs is apparently higher than in endometrial epithelium cells. Low expression of succinate dehydrogenase B under the regulation of estrogen contributes to over-production of succinate and heme accumulation in UECC. More importantly, excessive heme in UECCs impaired macrophage phagocytosis by regulation of CD36. Mechanistically, this process is dependent on toll-like receptor (TLR4)/type I interferons alpha (IFN Iα) regulatory axis in macrophage., Conclusion: Collectively, these findings elucidate that active heme metabolism of UECCs directly decreases phagocytosis by controlling the secretion of TLR4-mediated IFN Iα and the expression of CD36, and further contributing to the immune escape of UEC., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: This study aimed to determine the influences of varying severity of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) on the outcomes after thoracic endovascular aorta repair (TEVAR) in patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD)., Methods: This observational study focused on individuals with TBAD plus SAS who received TEVAR between January 2018 and December 2022. Patients were divided into groups according to the results of the portable sleep-breathing monitoring systems: mild SAS (MSAS) and moderate-to-severe SAS (MSSAS). Clinical profiles were collected and analyzed., Results: A total of 121 cases with TBAD plus SAS who underwent TEVAR were enrolled in this study. Two groups were formed by stratifying these cases: MSAS (74 cases) and MSSAS (47 cases). The MSSAS cases were found to be older relative to MSAS cases (51.7 ± 8.3 years vs 57.1 ± 12.8 years; P = .012) and had a higher body mass index (BMI; 25.7 ± 2.3 kg/m 2 vs 27.0 ± 2.3 kg/m 2 ; P = .038). The investigation did not find any appreciable differences between the MSAS and MSSAS groups in terms of complications (endoleak, P = .403; stent-induced new entry, P >.999; and stent displacement: P >.999). However, the MSSAS group exhibited a significantly higher overall mortality rate compared with the MSAS group (log-rank P = .027). The tendency continued when examining cases with Marfan syndrome combined with MSSAS, where the overall mortality rate was significantly greater compared with Marfan syndrome cases with MSAS (log-rank P = .037). The absence of a significant difference was noteworthy in the freedom from reintervention between the MSAS and MSSAS groups (log-rank P = .278). The overall mortality rate was significantly higher in MSSAS group even after adjusting for varying potential confounders in the multivariate cox regression analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.875; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.238-2.586; P = .012). A markedly higher rate of distal stent dilation in the MSSAS group was also observed compared with the MSAS group (HR, 2.5 mm/year [95% CI, 2-3 mm/year] vs HR, 4 mm/year [95% CI, 2.0-5.5 mm/year]; P = .029)., Conclusions: MSSAS is associated with a significantly higher risk of overall mortality and dilation rate of the distal stent after TEVAR for TBAD patients. Hence, aggressive efforts to reverse the severity of SAS in time in these individuals seem to be necessary., Competing Interests: Disclosures None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A certain type of photoresist used for deep-UV lithography (DUVL) can also be used for other types of photolithography. Thus, to meet the requirements of two or more lithography technologies simultaneously, it is necessary to design a variety of corresponding functional groups in the molecules of materials and obtain the required properties. Herein, we designed four matrix resins based on acrylate for DUVL, employing alkyl sulfide, adamantane, methyladamantane, and hydroxyl as dangling groups and a microcrosslinking network by adding a small amount of crosslinker. These polymers were used in the thermal nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process, and distinct patterns with a resolution of 100 nm were observed. The acrylate copolymers designed for DUVL in this work can be used as thermal NIL resists and to obtain good patterns. It was found that ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and adamantane endowed the matrix resins with good thermal stability and that PMMHM demonstrated the best patterning performance among the four resins. These polymers can be applied in the manufacturing of high-density integrated circuits, nano-transistors, optoelectronic devices and other components in the future.

Bismuth sulfide is a promising thermoelectric material because of its low cost and toxicity; however, its low electrical conductivity limits its thermoelectric properties. In this study, Bi 2 S 3 +x wt% HfCl 4 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) bulk samples are fabricated using a combination of melting and spark plasma sintering. The microstructures, electronic structures, and thermoelectric properties of the composites are characterized. The results of electronic structure calculations show that doping with HfCl 4 produces an impurity energy level that narrows the bandgap and allows the Fermi energy level to enter the conduction band, leading to a favorable increase in carrier concentration. By regulating the HfCl 4 doping concentration, the electrical conductivity of the 0.75 wt% doped sample reaches 253 Scm -1 at 423 K and its maximum ZT value is 0.47 at 673 K. Moreover, the sample is compounded with Bi 2 S 3 nanorods prepared by the hydrothermal method, reducing thermal conductivity by 30% due to the introduction of additional interfaces and pores. This resulted in a final ZT value of 0.61 at 673 K, which is approximately eight times higher than that of pure Bi 2 S 3 . This step-by-step optimization approach provides a valuable methodology for enhancing the performance of other thermoelectric material systems., (© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Among cardiovascular diseases, hypertension is the most important risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex, involving genetic, dietary and environmental factors. The characteristics of the gut microbiota can vary in response to increased blood pressure (BP) and influence the development and progression of hypertension. This paper describes five aspects of the relationship between hypertension and the gut microbiota, namely, the different types of gut microbiota, metabolites of the gut microbiota, sympathetic activation, gut-brain interactions, the effects of exercise and dietary patterns and the treatment of the gut microbiota through probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and herbal remedies, providing new clues for the future prevention of hypertension. Diet, exercise and traditional Chinese medicine may contribute to long-term improvements in hypertension, although the effects of probiotics and FMT still need to be validated in large populations., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Cui et al.)

Person re-identification (Re-ID) is a fundamental task in visual surveillance. Given a query image of the target person, conventional Re-ID focuses on the pairwise similarities between the candidate images and the query. However, conventional Re-ID does not evaluate the consistency of the retrieval results of whether the most similar images ranked in each place contain the same person, which is risky in some applications such as missing out a place where the patient passed will hinder the epidemiological investigation. In this work, we investigate a more challenging task: consistently and successfully retrieving the target person in all camera views. We define the task as continuous person Re-ID and propose a corresponding evaluation metric termed overall Rank-K accuracy. Different from the conventional Re-ID, any incorrect retrieval under an individual camera view that raises an inconsistency will fail the continuous Re-ID. Consequently, the defective cameras, in which the images are hard to be automatically associated with the images from other views, strongly degrade the performance of continuous person Re-ID. Since the camera deployment is crucial for continuous tracking across camera views, we rethink person Re-ID from the perspective of camera deployment and assess the quality of a camera network by performing continuous Re-ID. Moreover, we propose to automatically detect the defective cameras that greatly hamper the continuous Re-ID. Because brute-force search is costly when the camera network becomes complicated, we explicitly model the visual relations as well as the spatial relations among cameras and develop a relational deep Q-network to select the properly deployed cameras and the un-selected cameras are regarded as the defective cameras. Since most existing datasets do not provide topology information about the camera network, they are unsuitable for investigating the importance of spatial relations on camera selection. Thus, we collect a new dataset including 20 cameras with topology information. Compared with randomly removing cameras, the experimental results show that our method can effectively detect the defective cameras so that people could take further operations on these cameras in practice (https://www.isee-ai.cn/∼yixing/MCCPD.html).

Person Re-identification (ReID) has been extensively developed for a decade in order to learn the association of images of the same person across non-overlapping camera views. To overcome significant variations between images across camera views, mountains of variants of ReID models were developed for solving a number of challenges, such as resolution change, clothing change, occlusion, modality change, and so on. Despite the impressive performance of many ReID variants, these variants typically function distinctly and cannot be applied to other challenges. To our best knowledge, there is no versatile ReID model that can handle various ReID challenges at the same time. This work contributes to the first attempt at learning a versatile ReID model to solve such a problem. Our main idea is to form a two-stage prompt-based twin modeling framework called VersReID. Our VersReID firstly leverages the scene label to train a ReID Bank that contains abundant knowledge for handling various scenes, where several groups of scene-specific prompts are used to encode different scene-specific knowledge. In the second stage, we distill a V-Branch model with versatile prompts from the ReID Bank for adaptively solving the ReID of different scenes, eliminating the demand for scene labels during the inference stage. To facilitate training VersReID, we further introduce the multi-scene properties into self-supervised learning of ReID via a multi-scene prioris data augmentation (MPDA) strategy. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the success of learning an effective and versatile ReID model for handling ReID tasks under multi-scene conditions without manual assignment of scene labels in the inference stage, including general, low-resolution, clothing change, occlusion, and cross-modality scenes. Codes and models will be made publicly available.

Centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is difficult to be radically resected due to its special location close to major hepatic vessels. Thus, we aimed to assess whether stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) can be an effective and safe approach for centrally located HCC. This retrospective study included 172 patients with centrally located HCC who were treated with SBRT. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed as the primary endpoint. Rates of progression-free survival (PFS), local control, intrahepatic relapse, extrahepatic metastasis and toxicities were analyzed as secondary endpoints. The OS rates of 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 97.7%, 86.7%, and 76.3%, respectively. The PFS/local control rates of 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 94.1%/98.2%, 76.8%/94.9%, and 59.3%/92.3%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of intrahepatic relapse/extrahepatic metastases of 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 3.7%/2.9%, 25.0%/7.4%, and 33.3%/9.8%, respectively. Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that patients received BED 10 at 100 Gy or more had better OS. Radiation-related adverse events were mild to moderate according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, and no toxicities over grade 3 were observed. Patients with centrally located HCC in our cohort who received SBRT had similar OS and PFS rates compared to those reported in literatures who received surgery with neoadjuvant or adjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy. These results indicate that SBRT is an effective and well-tolerated method for patients with centrally located HCC, suggesting that it may serve as a reasonable alternative treatment for these kind of patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology.)

Biochar has been widely used for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, while the long-term field aging on its properties and the performance in the ability of metal immobilization must not be overlooked. In this study, the stability of immobilized heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb) on biochar during a 3-year remediation for soil in the field was investigated through desorption experiments. The results indicated that the application of biochar and its aging in the field both remarkably increased the immobilization of the 3 metal ions in the field under 3-year remediation. The cumulative desorption of the 3 metals decreased with biochar aging, and the desorption rate of Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ in T3 (Application of 30 t·hm -2 of biochar) for the third year was 0.08 %, 0.20 % and 13.15 %. Meanwhile, both the desorption rates and extents exhibited significant difference with the order of Pb 2+  < Cu 2+  < Cd 2+ . The increased soil pH, the enhancement of O/C ratio (Increase from 0.30 for fresh BC to 0.61 for aged BC(S3)) and oxygen-containing functional groups in biochar, and the accretion of organo-mineral micro-agglomerates on biochar surfaces and in pores during field aging process jointly contributed the immobilization of metals in soils mainly through co-precipitation and complexation. Our results provide new insights into the practical application of biochar in soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals from the perspective of long-term effects, which suggests that the potential release risk of metals become slighter over time., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

All-natural materials derived from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are expected to be used to replace engineering plastics and have attracted much attention. However, the lack of crack extension resistance and 3D formability of nanofiber-based structural materials hinders their practical applications. Here, a multiscale interface engineering strategy is reported to construct high-performance cellulose-based materials. The sisal microfibers are surface treated to expose abundant active CNFs with positive charges, thereby enhancing their interfacial combination with the negatively charged CNFs. The robust multiscale dual network enables easy molding of multiscale cellulose-based structural materials into complex 3D special-shaped structures, resulting in nearly twofold and fivefold improvements in toughness and impact resistance compared with those of CNFs-based materials. Moreover, this multiscale interface engineering strategy endows cellulose-based structural materials with better comprehensive performance than petrochemical-based plastics and broadens cellulose's potential for lightweight applications as structural materials with lower environmental effects., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Introduction: Asthma is a multifarious disease that manifests in various phenotypes. Among the various factors that contribute to the development of asthma, the gut microbiota has recently emerged as a compelling area of investigation. This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between gut microbiota and distinct asthma phenotypes., Methods: The genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for 211 gut microbial taxa were used as study exposure. Five traits pertaining to various asthma phenotypes (asthma, allergic asthma, childhood asthma, suggestive for eosinophilic asthma and obesity-related asthma) were included as study outcome. We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and sensitivity analysis for each bacterial taxa and asthma phenotypes., Result: We discovered a total of 58 associations that exhibited evidence of causality. Out of these, 4 associations remained significant even after applying multiple correction. An increased risk of asthma was causally associated with higher abundance of genus Holdemanella (OR = 1.11; CI: 1.05-1.17; p = 0.027), genus Oxalobacter (OR = 1.09; CI: 1.04-1.15; p = 0.025) and genus Butyricimonas (OR = 1.14; CI: 1.06-1.22; p = 0.027). Order NB1n was causally linked with an increased risk of obesity-related asthma (OR = 1.17; CI: 1.07-1.29; p = 0.015). There was limited overlap among the taxa that exhibited potential causal relationships with distinct asthma phenotypes., Conclusion: Our research has provided genetic evidence that establishes multiple causal relationships between the gut microbiota and distinct asthma phenotypes, supporting the role of the gut microbiota in various asthma phenotypes. It is possible that different taxa play a role in the development of distinct asthma phenotypes. The causal relationships identified in this study require further investigation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Cheng, Wu, Jie, Li and Zhang.)

Introduction: Considering the role of bacteria in the onset of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), we hypothesized that the use of influenza- Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination, oral probiotics or inhaled amikacin could prevent AECOPD., Methods: In this pilot prospective, muti-central, randomized trial, moderate-to-very severe COPD subjects with a history of moderate-to-severe exacerbations in the previous year were enrolled and assigned in a ratio of 1:1:1:1 into 4 groups. All participants were managed based on the conventional treatment recommended by GOLD 2019 report for 3 months, with three groups receiving additional treatment of inhaled amikacin (0.4 g twice daily, 5-7 days monthly for 3 months), oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (1 tablet daily for 3 months), or influenza- S. pneumoniae vaccination. The primary endpoint was time to the next onset of moderate-to-severe AECOPD from enrollment. Secondary endpoints included CAT score, mMRC score, adverse events, and survival in 12 months., Results: Among all 112 analyzed subjects (101 males, 96 smokers or ex-smokers, mean ± SD age 67.19 ± 7.39 years, FEV 1 41.06 ± 16.09% predicted), those who were given dual vaccination (239.7 vs. 198.2 days, p  = 0.044, 95%CI [0.85, 82.13]) and oral probiotics (248.8 vs. 198.2 days, p  = 0.017, 95%CI [7.49, 93.59]) had significantly delayed onset of next moderate-to-severe AECOPD than those received conventional treatment only. For subjects with high symptom burden, the exacerbations were significantly delayed in inhaled amikacin group as compared to the conventional treatment group (237.3 vs. 179.1 days, p  = 0.009, 95%CI [12.40,104.04]). The three interventions seemed to be safe and well tolerated for patient with stable COPD., Conclusion: The influenza- S. pneumoniae vaccine and long-term oral probiotic LGG can significantly delay the next moderate-to-severe AECOPD. Periodically amikacin inhalation seems to work in symptomatic patients. The findings in the current study warrants validation in future studies with microbiome investigation. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT03449459., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Hua, Yang, Cheng, Han, Li, Dai, He, Wu and Zhang.)

Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have demonstrated great potential in energy storage devices due to their versatile structures and composite functionalities. However, the application of TMCs in potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) suffers from the issues of large volume expansion, polysulfide dissolution, and sluggish kinetics. To overcome these challenges, this work develops nano-flower-like MnS-Co 3 S 4 confined in poly-pyrrole (PPY) carbon nanotube (denoted as MS-CS-PPY) as an excellent anode in PIBs. The nitrogen-doped PPY framework facilitates the interface electron transfer, confines active materials MS-CS effectively, and mitigates the volume change, thus resulting in boosted reaction kinetics and exceptional cycling stability. TMCs induce the surface capacitance and enable the chemical anchoring of the charge/discharge products during the potassium/de-potassium process. Moreover, this work reveals the potassium/de-potassium reaction mechanism, redox kinetics, and solid electrolyte interphase formation of MS-CS-PPY in different electrolytes through theoretical calculations and experimental studies. The solvation ability of electrolytes plays a vital role in manipulating the redox kinetics of the MS-CS-PPY anode material. This study offers feasible strategies for electrode design and electrolyte selection for developing TMCs negative electrodes in future PIBs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant health concern affecting men worldwide. Previous studies have shown that nimotuzumab, a drug targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), can effectively inhibit cancer progression. Here, we aimed to explore the role of miR-199a/214 cluster in mediating the inhibitory effect of nimotuzumab on the development of PCa. In this study, we conducted an MTT assay to assess cell proliferation and utilized flow cytometry to evaluate cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of nimotuzumab on prostate cancer development, we focused on the miR-199a-5p and miR-214-3p miRNA clusters. The TargetScan Human database was used to predict the binding sites between miR-199a-5p or miR-214-3p and the 3'-UTR of the transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) mRNA. To confirm the direct interaction and binding between miR-199a-5p or miR-214-3p and the 3'-UTR of TBL1XR1 mRNA, we performed luciferase reporter assays. Our findings demonstrated that nimotuzumab exerted a significant dosage-dependent suppression of PCa cell proliferation and facilitated PCa cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Concurrently, nimotuzumab obviously impeded the activity of Wnt/β-catenin and EGFR signaling pathways in PCa cells. We also observed downregulation of miR-199a-5p and miR-214-3p in PCa cells. Overexpression of miR-199a/214 cluster inhibited PCa cell viability and enhanced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that miR-199a/214 cluster augmented the inhibitory effect of nimotuzumab on PCa cell proliferation and promoted its ability to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. This effect was reversed upon TBL1XR1 overexpression, indicating that TBL1XR1 is involved in the regulatory pathway of miR-199a/214 and nimotuzumab in PCa cells. We further revealed that TBL1XR1 was overexpressed in PCa and was identified as a downstream target of the miR-199a/214 cluster. In nimotuzumab-treated PCa cells, the overexpression of miR-199a/214 markedly inhibited Wnt/β-catenin and EGFR signaling, and this effect was also rescued by TBL1XR1 overexpression. In summary, our data indicated that miR-199a/214 cluster play a crucial role in enhancing the inhibitory effect of nimotuzumab on PCa development by downregulating TBL1XR1 and modulating Wnt/β-catenin and EGFR signaling pathways. These findings offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of prostate cancer., (© 2023 The Authors. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Kaohsiung Medical University.)

Background: Gas-related complications present a potential risk during transoral endoscopic resection of upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions. Therefore, the identification of risk factors associated with these complications is essential., Aim: To develop a nomogram to predict risk of gas-related complications following transoral endoscopic resection of the upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions., Methods: We collected patient data from the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University. Patients were randomly allocated to training and validation cohorts. Risk factors for gas-related complications were identified in the training cohort using univariate and multivariate analyses. We then constructed a nomogram and evaluated its predictive performance based on the area under the curve, decision curve analysis, and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests., Results: Gas-related complications developed in 39 of 353 patients who underwent transoral endoscopy at our institution. Diabetes, lesion origin, surgical resection method, and surgical duration were incorporated into the final nomogram. The predictive capability of the nomogram was excellent, with area under the curve values of 0.841 and 0.906 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively., Conclusion: The ability of our four-variable nomogram to efficiently predict gas-related complications during transoral endoscopic resection enhanced postoperative assessments and surgical outcomes., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Linezolid combined with rifampicin has shown excellent clinical outcomes against infection by multi-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. However, several studies have indicated that rifampicin reduces the plasma concentration of linezolid in patients with severe infection. Linezolid has been recommended for the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. However, studies on the interaction between linezolid and rifampicin in patients suffering from tuberculosis with infection are lacking. We evaluated the interaction between linezolid and rifampicin based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). A retrospective analysis was undertaken for patients with tuberculosis and infection who were treated with linezolid and undergoing TDM. Patients were divided into the linezolid group and linezolid + rifampicin group. Data on demographic characteristics, disease, duration of linezolid therapy, and the plasma concentration of linezolid were used for statistical analyses. Eighty-eight patients with tuberculosis and infection were assessed. Values for the peak (C max ) and trough (C min ) concentrations of linezolid in plasma were available for 42 and 46 cases, respectively. Patients in the linezolid group had a significantly higher C max [15.76 (8.07-26.06) vs. 13.18 (7.48-23.64) mg/L, p = 0.048] and C min [8.38 (3.06-16.53) vs. 4.27 (0.45-10.47), p = 0.005] than those in the linezolid + rifampicin group. The plasma concentration of linezolid increased obviously in two patients after rifampicin discontinuation. However, the total efficiency and prevalence of hematologic adverse reactions were not significantly different in the linezolid group and linezolid + rifampin group. The plasma concentration of linezolid decreased upon combination with rifampicin, suggesting that TDM may aid avoidance of subtherapeutic levels of linezolid upon co-treatment with rifampicin., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yan, Shi, Hu, Zeng and Lu.)

Gastrointestinal (GI) perforation is common in the emergency department and has a high mortality rate. The present study aimed to identify risk factors for mortality in patients with GI perforation. The objective was to assess and prognosticate the surgical outcomes of patients, aiming to ascertain the efficacy of the procedure for individual patients. A retrospective cohort study of patients with GI perforation who underwent surgery in a public tertiary hospital in China from January 2012 to June 2022 was performed. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging results, and outcomes were collected from electronic medical records. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality, and patients were divided into survivor and non-survivor groups based on this measure. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain independent factors associated with mortality. A total of 529 patients with GI perforation were eligible for inclusion. The in-hospital mortality rate after emergency surgery was 10.59%. The median age of the patients was 60 years (interquartile range, 44-72 years). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that age, shock on admission, elevated serum creatinine (sCr) and white blood cell (WBC) count <3.5x10 9 or >20x10 9 cells/l were predictors of in-hospital mortality. In conclusion, advanced age, shock on admission, elevated sCr levels and significantly abnormal WBC count are associated with higher in-hospital mortality following emergency laparotomy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Yan et al.)

Background: Treatment for cancer patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains challenging. The objective of the study was to investigate the safety and efficiency of drug eluting balloon (DEB) versus drug eluting stent (DES) in this high-risk group., Methods: Between 1st January 2017 and 1st January 2022, cancer patients admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital with AMI were retrospectively enrolled. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). The secondary endpoints included major bleeding events, heart failure and cardiac complications., Results: A total of 164 cancer patients presenting with AMI were included in the final analysis. Patients treated with DEB had a numerically lower rate of MACE than those treated with DES during a median follow-up of 21.8 months (22.9% vs. 37.1%, p = 0.23). Patients treated with DEB had a trend towards lower rate of major bleeding events than patients treated with DES (6.3% vs. 18.1%, HR 2.96, 95% CI [0.88, 9.92], p = 0.08). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regards to the rate of heart failure (4.2% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.32) and cardiac complications (0.0% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.56)., Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that in cancer patients with AMI, DEB had a trend towards lower rate of major bleeding events and a numerically lower rate of MACE compared with DES., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Serum thyrotropin (TSH) has been recommended for the initial assessment of patients with thyroid nodules to exclude functional thyroid nodules (FTN). However, the sensitivity of TSH is very low. The increased level of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) is considered to be one of the reasons., Objective: To investigate whether normalized TSH (nTSH) can improve diagnostic efficiency by removing TPOAb interference in the first evaluation of thyroid nodules compared with traditional TSH strategy., Methods: Thyroid nodules were retrospectively analysed in 90 patients with FTN and 1038 patients with non-functioning thyroid nodules (non-FTN). The regression coefficient ( β ) of TPOAb affecting the TSH levels was assessed in patients with thyroid nodules, and then, the nTSH level was calculated based on the following formula: nTSH = TSH-β*TPOAb. We used nTSH levels to initially evaluate the thyroid nodules instead of the traditional TSH values and finally compared the results of the two strategies., Results: The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive prediction rate (PPV) and negative prediction rate (NPV) of nTSH for accessing FTN were 50.00%, 87.70%, 84.67%, 26.01% and 95.29%, respectively, which were better than the values of 48.90%, 78.70%, 76.33%, 16.60% and 94.67% associated with TSH, respectively ( p  < 0.001)., Conclusion: Serum TPOAb testing is recommended for the first assessment of thyroid nodules. Normalized TSH levels can improve assessment efficiency compared to traditional TSH assessment, increase the specificity and reduce an unnecessary 99m Tc-TS test.

Integrating mobile eye-tracking and motion capture emerges as a promising approach in studying visual-motor coordination, due to its capability of expressing gaze data within the same laboratory-centered coordinate system as body movement data. In this paper, we proposed an integrated eye-tracking and motion capture system, which can record and analyze temporally and spatially synchronized gaze and motion data during dynamic movement. The accuracy of gaze measurement were evaluated on five participants while they were instructed to view fixed vision targets at different distances while standing still or walking towards the targets. Similar accuracy could be achieved in both static and dynamic conditions. To demonstrate the usability of the integrated system, several walking tasks were performed in three different pathways. Results revealed that participants tended to focus their gaze on the upcoming path, especially on the downward path, possibly for better navigation and planning. In a more complex pathway, coupled with more gaze time on the pathway, participants were also found having the longest step time and shortest step length, which led to the lowest walking speed. It was believed that the integration of eye-tracking and motion capture is a feasible and promising methodology quantifying visual-motor coordination in locomotion.

Accurate and timely movement intention detection can facilitate exoskeleton control during transitions between different locomotion modes. Detecting movement intentions in real environments remains a challenge due to unavoidable environmental uncertainties. False movement intention detection may also induce risks of falling and general danger for exoskeleton users. To this end, in this study, we developed a method for detecting human movement intentions in real environments. The proposed method is capable of online self-correcting by implementing a decision fusion layer. Gaze data from an eye tracker and inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals were fused at the feature extraction level and used to predict movement intentions using 2 different methods. Images from the scene camera embedded on the eye tracker were used to identify terrains using a convolutional neural network. The decision fusion was made based on the predicted movement intentions and identified terrains. Four able-bodied participants wearing the eye tracker and 7 IMU sensors took part in the experiments to complete the tasks of level ground walking, ramp ascending, ramp descending, stairs ascending, and stair descending. The recorded experimental data were used to test the feasibility of the proposed method. An overall accuracy of 93.4% was achieved when both feature fusion and decision fusion were used. Fusing gaze data with IMU signals improved the prediction accuracy.

Liver injury is a common pathological process characterized by massive degeneration and abnormal death of liver cells. With increase in dead cells and necrosis, liver injury eventually leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic fibrosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Consequently, it is necessary to treat liver injury and to prevent its progression. The drug Bicylol is widely employed in China to treat chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and has therapeutic potential for liver injury. It is the derivative of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans extracted from Schisandra chinensis (SC). The Schisandraceae family is a rich source of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, which possesses potential liver protective activity. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize the phytochemistry, structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms underlying the liver protective activities of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the Schisandraceae family. Here, we had discussed the analysis of absorption or permeation properties of 358 compounds based on Lipinski's rule of five. So far, 358 dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans have been reported, with 37 of them exhibited hepatoprotective effects. The molecular mechanism of the active compounds mainly involves antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation and autophagy through Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Keap1/Nrf2/ARE), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad 2/3 signaling pathways. This review is expected to provide scientific ideas for future research related to developing and utilizing the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandraceae family., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest On behalf of, and having obtained permission from all the authors, I declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled. I testify to the accuracy of the above on behalf of all the authors., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Membrane fouling induces catastrophic loss of separation performance and seriously restricts the applications of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Inspired by the mussel structure, polydopamine (PDA) and cystamine molecules (CA) with excellent anti-fouling properties were used to prepare accessible, biocompatible, and redox-responsive coatings for RO membranes. The PDA/CA-coated RO membranes exhibit a superior water flux of 65 L m -2 h -1 with a favourable NaCl rejection exceeding 99%. The water permeability through the PDA/CA-coated membrane is much higher than that of most membranes with similar rejection rates. Due to the formed protective hydration layers by PDA/CA coatings, anti-fouling properties against proteins, polysaccharides and surfactants were evaluated separately, and ultralow fouling properties were demonstrated. Moreover, the disulfide linkages in CA molecules can cleave in a reducing environment, yielding the degradation of PDA/CA coatings, thereby removing the foulants deposited on the coatings. The degradation endows the coated membranes with satisfying longtime anti-fouling properties, where the flux recovery reaches up to 90%. The construction of redox-responsive smart coatings not only provided a promising route to alleviate membrane fouling but can also be upscaled for use in numerous practical applications like sensors, medical devices, and drug delivery.

Background: Whether there are differences among the new-generation transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) devices for patients with aortic stenosis remains unclear. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency and safety of different new-generation TAVI devices for patients with aortic stenosis., Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from their inception to 1 February 2022. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies that compared two or more different TAVI devices were enroled. Pairwise meta-analysis and frequentist network meta-analysis were conducted to pool the outcome estimates of interest., Results: A total of 79 studies were finally included. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking, the top two ranked valves for lower rates of events were as follows: direct flow medical (DFM) (4.6%) and Lotus (48.8%) for lower rate of device success; Sapien 3 (16.8%) and DFM (19.7%) for lower mortality; DFM (8.6%) and Sapien 3 (25.5%) for lower rates of stroke; Evolut (27.6%) and DFM (35.8%) for lower rates of major and life-threatening bleeding; Portico (22.6%) and Sapien 3 (41.9%) for lower rates of acute kidney injury; Acurate (8.6%) and DFM (13.2%) for lower rates of permanent pacemaker implantation; Lotus (0.3%) and Sapien 3 (22.7%) for lower rates of paravalvular leak; Evolut (1.4%) and Portico (29.1%) for lower rates of mean aortic valve gradients., Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggested that the device success rates were comparable among these new-generation valves except for DFM. After excluding DFM, Sapien 3 might be the best effective for decreased mortality and stroke; Lotus might be the best effective for decreased paravalvular leak; Evolut might be the best effective for decreased major and life-threatening bleeding and mean aortic valve gradients; Acurate and Portico might be the best effective for decreased permanent pacemaker implantation and acute kidney injury, respectively., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

The integration and miniaturization of contemporary electronics have led to significant challenges in dealing with electromagnetic (EM) radiation and heat accumulation. Despite these issues, achieving high thermal conductivity (TC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) in polymer composite films remains an exceptionally difficult task. In this work, we used a straightforward in situ reduction process and a vacuum-drying method to successfully prepare a flexible Ag NPs/chitosan (CS)/PVA nanocomposite with three-dimensional (3D) conductive and thermally conductive network architectures. The 3D silver pathways formed by attaching to the chitosan fibers endow the material with simultaneous exceptional TC and EMI capabilities. At a silver concentration of 25 vol %, the TC of Ag NPs/CS/PVA nanocomposites reaches 5.18 W·m -1 ·K -1 , exhibiting an approximately 25 times increase compared to CS/PVA composites. The electromagnetic shielding performance of 78.5 dB significantly outperforms the specifications of standard commercial EMI shielding applications by a significant margin. Additionally, Ag NPs/CS/PVA nanocomposites have greatly benefited from microwave absorption (SE A ), effectively impeding the transmission of EM waves and reducing the reflected secondary EM wave pollution. Meanwhile, the composite material still maintains good mechanical properties and bendability. This endeavor helped develop malleable and durable composites that possess superior EMI shielding capabilities and intriguing heat dissipation properties using innovative design and fabrication methods.

Aim: To identify and analyze the genotype of the patients with special ocular manifestations of familial vitreous amyloidosis (FVA) in a Chinese Han family., Methods: Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery was performed on a 52-year-old Chinese woman presented with vitreous amyloidosis and progressive visual impairment, without evidence of cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, central nervous system or peripheral nervous system dysfunction. During the surgery, the patient presented with a gray-white dense and thick cotton wool-like change in the vitreous body, accompanied by complete retinal detachment. Additionally, hard, free and movable yellow-white deposits were observed in the posterior pole and surrounding retina, the vitreous and subretinal deposits were examined by Congo red staining and immunohistochemical pathological examination, and whole exome sequencing was performed on blood samples from the patient and her cousin., Results: During the operation, it was discovered that there was a complete detachment of the retina and a significant amount of hard, free-floating yellow-white deposits were observed beneath the posterior pole and surrounding retina. This is an exceedingly rare ocular manifestation. Pathological examination of the vitreous and subretinal deposit specimens revealed positive Congo red staining, as well as elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in vascular endothelial cells within the sediment specimens upon immunohistochemical examination. The patient and her cousin both exhibited a heterozygous mutation in Glyl03Arg within the transthyretin ( TTR ) gene, resulting in a substitution of glycine (Gly) at position 103 with arginine (Arg)., Conclusion: FVA may present with various ocular manifestations, but panretinal detachment is a rare occurrence. In cases where retinal detachment persists for an extended period of time, amyloid deposits may form under the retina through retinal tears, leading to subretinal deposits that can impede retinal reattachment and negatively impact visual prognosis. Elevated levels of VEGF in the eyes of FVA patients may indicate an overexpression state, necessitating careful postoperative follow-up. The heterozygous mutation Gly103Arg may represent a unique pathogenic site in Chinese individuals., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)

Bathyarchaeota, known as key participants of global elements cycling, is highly abundant and diverse in the sedimentary environments. Bathyarchaeota has been the research spotlight on sedimentary microbiology; however, its distribution in arable soils is far from understanding. Paddy soil is a habitat similar to freshwater sediments, while the distribution and composition of Bathyarchaeota in paddy soils have largely been overlooked. In this study, we collected 342 in situ paddy soil sequencing data worldwide to illuminate the distribution patterns of Bathyarchaeota and explore their potential ecological functions in paddy soils. The results showed that Bathyarchaeota is the dominant archaeal lineage, and Bathy-6 is the most predominant subgroup in paddy soils. Based on random forest analysis and construction of a multivariate regression tree, the mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature are identified as the factors significantly influencing the abundance and composition of Bathyarchaeota in paddy soils. Bathy-6 was abundant in temperate environments, while other subgroups were more abundant in sites with higher rainfall. There are highly frequent associations between Bathyarchaeota and methanogens and ammonia-oxidizing archaea. The interactions between Bathyarchaeota and microorganisms involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism imply a potential syntrophy between these microorganisms, suggesting that members of Bathyarchaeota could be important participants of geochemical cycle in paddy soils. These results shed light on the ecological lifestyle of Bathyarchaeota in paddy soils, and provide some baseline for further understanding Bathyarchaeota in arable soils. IMPORTANCE Bathyarchaeota, the dominant archaeal lineage in sedimentary environments, has been the spotlight of microbial research due to its vital role in carbon cycling. Although Bathyarchaeota has been also detected in paddy soils worldwide, its distribution in this environment has not yet been investigated. In this study, we conducted a global scale meta-analysis and found that Bathyarchaeota is also the dominant archaeal lineage in paddy soils with significant regional abundance differences. Bathy-6 is the most predominant subgroup in paddy soils, which differs from sediments. Furthermore, Bathyarchaeota are highly associated with methanogens and ammonia-oxidizing archaea, suggesting that they may be involved in the carbon and nitrogen cycle in paddy soil. These interactions provide insight into the ecological functions of Bathyarchaeota in paddy soils, which will be the foundation of future studies regarding the geochemical cycle in arable soils and global climate change., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Background: Impaired interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are central to the pathophysiology of acute cholecystitis (AC). Common bile duct ligation is a common model of AC, producing acute inflammatory changes and decrease in gallbladder contractility., Aim: To investigate the origin of slow wave (SW) in the gallbladder and the effect of ICCs on gallbladder contractions during the process of AC., Methods: Methylene blue (MB) with light was used to establish selective impaired ICCs gallbladder tissue. Gallbladder motility was assessed using the frequency of SW and gallbladder muscle contractility in vitro in normal control (NC), AC12h, AC24h, and AC48h groups of guinea pigs. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson-stained gallbladder tissues were scored for inflammatory changes. ICCs pathological changes alterations were estimated using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The alterations of c-Kit, α-SMA, cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR), and connexin 43 (CX43) were assessed using Western blot., Results: Impaired ICCs muscle strips resulted in the decrease in gallbladder SW frequency and contractility. The frequency of SW and gallbladder contractility were significantly lower in the AC12h group. Compared with the NC group, the density and ultrastructure of ICCs were remarkably impaired in the AC groups, especially in the AC12h group. The protein expression levels of c-Kit were significantly decreased in the AC12h group, while CCKAR and CX43 protein expression levels were significantly decreased in the AC48h group., Conclusion: Loss ICCs could lead to a decrease in gallbladder SW frequency and contractility. The density and ultrastructure of ICCs were clearly impaired in the early stage of AC, while CCKAR and CX43 were significantly reduced at end stage., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

So far,the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been persisting for nearly three years,infecting about 700 million people and causing more than 6 million deaths,which has seriously affected the human society.According to Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data,there are more than 12 million SARS-CoV-2 variants,of which the five major variants of concern are Alpha,Beta,Gamma,Delta and Omicron.Their infectivity,pathogencity,and neutralization resistance have changed greatly compared with the original strain,which has brought great pressure to the prevention and control of the pandemic.Antibody level testing is critical for confirming infection,epidemiological investigation,vaccine development,and neutralizing drug preparation.Focusing on the humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2,this paper introduces the mutation sites,neutralization resistance,and vaccination efficacy of the five variants of concern,and briefly summarizes the evolutionary characteristics,future mutation directions,and host immunity.

Background: Heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (HSPA5), also known as GRP78, is widely expressed in most malignant cells and has been shown to have a significant role in the spread of most malignancies by transferring them to the cell membrane. High-level HSPA5 may serve as an independent prognostic marker for various malignancies due to its ability to accelerate tumor growth and migration, inhibit cell apoptosis and closely connect to prognosis. Therefore, it is crucial to examine HSPA5 using pan-cancer research, which might result in the discovery of novel cancer treatment targets., Method: The GTEx and TCGA databases have both provided evidence of the expression of various amounts of HSPA5 in various tissues. The Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) evaluated the levels of HSPA5 protein expression, while qPCR investigations also evaluated the expression of HSPA5 mRNA in certain tumors. HSPA5 was studied using the Kaplan-Meier method to examine how it influences overall survival and disease-free survival in malignancies. GEPIA2 was used to investigate the correlation between HSPA5 expression and the clinical stage of cancer. The tumor-immune system interaction database (TISIDB) examined the expression of HSPA5 in association with molecular and tumor immune subtypes. The co-expressed genes of HSPA5 were extracted from the STRING database, and the top 5 co-expressed genes of HSPA5 in 33 cancers were identified using the TIMER database. Further research examined the relationship between tumor mutations and HSPA5. Microsatellite Instability (MSI) and Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) were the primary areas of interest. The association between HSPA5 mRNA expression and immune infiltration was also explored using the TIMER database. Additionally, through the Linkedomics database, we examined the enrichment of GO and KEGG for HSPA5 in glioblastoma. Finally, the Cluster Analyzer tool was used to carry out a GSEA functional enrichment investigation., Results: HSPA5 mRNA expression was found to be greater in all 23 tumor tissues than in the equivalent normal tissues, and high HSPA5 expression appeared to be strongly related to a poor prognosis in the majority of cancers, as observed by survival plots. In the tumour clinical stage display map, HSPA5 showed differential expression in most tumours. HSPA5 is strongly associated with Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) and Microsatellite Instability (MSI). Cancer-associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) infiltration was strongly associated with HSPA5, as were nine immunological subtypes of malignancy and seven molecular subtypes of malignancy. According to the results of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, HSPA5 in GBM is mostly involved in neutrophil-mediated immunological and collagen metabolic activities. Additionally, GSEA enrichment analyses of HSPA5 and associated genes demonstrated a substantial link between HSPA5 and the immunological milieu of tumors, cell division and nervous system regulation. By using qPCR, we were able to further corroborate the enhanced expression in the GBM, COAD, LUAD and CESC cell lines., Conclusion: Our bioinformatics research leads us to hypothesize that HSPA5 may be involved in immune infiltration as well as tumor growth and progression. Additionally, it was found that differentially expressed HSPA5 is linked to a poor prognosis for cancer, with the neurological system, the tumor immunological microenvironment and cytokinesis being potential contributing factors. As a result, HSPA5 mRNA and the associated protein might be used as therapeutic targets and possible prognostic markers for a range of malignancies., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with ordered pores and well-defined topology, are ideal materials for nanofiltration (NF) membranes because of their capacity of transcending the permeance/selectivity trade-off predicament. However, most reported COF-based membranes are focused on separating molecules with different sizes, resulting in low selectivity to similar molecules with different charges. Here, the negatively charged COF layer was fabricated in situ on a microporous support for the separation of molecules with different sizes and charges. Ultrahigh water permeance (216.56 L m -2 h -1 bar -1 ) was obtained because of the ordered pores and excellent hydrophilicity, which exceeds that of most membranes with similar rejections. For the first time, we used multifarious dyes with different sizes and charges, for the investigation of the selectivity behavior caused by the Donnan effect and size exclusion. The obtained membranes represent superior rejections to negatively and neutrally charged dyes larger than 1.3 nm, while positively charged dyes with a size of 1.6 nm can pass through the membrane, resulting in the separation of negative/positive mixed dyes with similar molecular sizes. This strategy of combining the Donnan effect and size exclusion in nanoporous materials may evolve into a generic platform for sophisticated separation.

Background: Dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma (DPHCC) is highly aggressive and difficult to distinguish from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Purpose: To develop and validate clinical and radiomics models based on contrast-enhanced MRI for the preoperative diagnosis of DPHCC., Study Type: Retrospective., Population: A total of 87 patients with DPHCC and 92 patients with non-DPHCC randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 125: 64 non-DPHCC; 61 DPHCC) and a validation cohort (n = 54: 28 non-DPHCC; 26 DPHCC)., Field Strength/sequence: A 3.0 T; dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with time-resolved T1-weighted imaging sequence., Assessment: In the clinical model, the maximum tumor diameter and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were independent risk factors of DPHCC. In the radiomics model, a total of 1781 radiomics features were extracted from tumor volumes of interest (VOIs) in the arterial phase (AP) and portal venous phase (PP) images. For feature reduction and selection, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and recursive feature elimination (RFE) were used. Clinical, AP, PP, and combined radiomics models were established using machine learning algorithms (support vector machine [SVM], logistic regression [LR], and logistic regression-least absolute shrinkage and selection operator [LR-LASSO]) and their discriminatory efficacy assessed and compared., Statistical Tests: The independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, the Delong test. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: In the validation cohort, the combined radiomics model (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.908, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.831-0.985) showed the highest diagnostic performance. The AUCs of the PP (AUC = 0.879, 95% CI: 0.779-0.979) and combined radiomics models were significantly higher than that of clinical model (AUC = 0.685, 95% CI: 0.526-0.844). There were no significant differences in AUC between AP or PP radiomics model and combined radiomics model (P = 0.286, 0.180 and 0.543)., Conclusion: MRI radiomics models may be useful for discriminating DPHCC from non-DPHCC before surgery., Evidence Level: 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2., (© 2022 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)

Introduction: The microbiome inhabiting plant leaves is critical for plant health and productivity. Wild soybean ( Glycine soja ), which originated in China, is the progenitor of cultivated soybean ( Glycine max ). So far, the community structure and assembly mechanism of phyllosphere microbial community on G. soja were poorly understood., Methods: Here, we combined a national-scale survey with high-throughput sequencing and microsatellite data to evaluate the contribution of host genotype vs. climate in explaining the foliar microbiome of G. soja , and the core foliar microbiota of G. soja were identified., Results: Our findings revealed that both the host genotype and environmental factors (i.e., geographic location and climatic conditions) were important factors regulating foliar community assembly of G. soja . Host genotypes explained 0.4% and 3.6% variations of the foliar bacterial and fungal community composition, respectively, while environmental factors explained 25.8% and 19.9% variations, respectively. We further identified a core microbiome thriving on the foliage of all G. soja populations, including bacterial (dominated by Methylobacterium - Methylorubrum , Pantoea , Quadrisphaera , Pseudomonas , and Sphingomonas ) and fungal (dominated by Cladosporium , Alternaria , and Penicillium ) taxa., Conclusion: Our study revealed the significant role of host genetic distance as a driver of the foliar microbiome of the wild progenitor of soya, as well as the effects of climatic changes on foliar microbiomes. These findings would increase our knowledge of assembly mechanisms in the phyllosphere of wild soybeans and suggest the potential to manage the phyllosphere of soya plantations by plant breeding and selecting specific genotypes under climate change., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zhou, Duan, García-Palacios, Yang, Cui, Yan, Yin, Yi, Li, Delgado-Baquerizo and Zhu.)

There is an increasing demand for accurately predicting human movement intentions. To be effective, predictions must be performed as early as possible in the preceding step, though precisely how early has been studied relatively little; how and when a person's movement patterns in a transition step deviate from those in the preceding step must be clearly defined. In this study, we collected motion kinematics, kinetics and electromyography data from 9 able-bodied participants during 7 locomotion modes. Twelve types of steps between the 7 locomotion modes were studied, including 5 continuous steps (taking another step in the same locomotion mode) and 7 transitions steps (taking a step from one locomotion mode into another). For each joint degree of freedom, joint angles, angular velocities, moments, and moment rates were compared between continuous steps and transition steps, and the relative timing during the transition step at which these parameters diverged from those of a continuous step, which we refer to as transition starting times, were identified using multiple analyses of variance. Muscle synergies were also extracted for each step, and we studied in which locomotion modes these synergies were common (task-shared) and in which modes they were specific (task-specific). The transition starting times varied among different transitions and joint degrees of freedom. Most transitions started in the swing phase of the transition step. These findings can be applied to determine the critical timing at which a powered assistive device must adapt its control to enable safe and comfortable support to a user.

The biotransformation of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) was studied in an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system to understand the role of sorption by microbial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the role of functional microbe/enzyme biodegradation. Biodegradation played a more important role than adsorption, while microbial cells covered with tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) showed higher adsorption capacity than microbial cells themselves or microbial cells covered with both loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS. The binding tests between EPS and SMM and the spectroscopic analyses (3D-EEM, UV-Vis, and FTIR) were performed to obtain more information about the adsorption process. The data showed that SMM could interact with EPS by combining with aromatic protein compounds, fulvic acid-like substances, protein amide II, and nucleic acids. Batch tests with various substances showed that SMM removal rates were in an order of NH 2 OH (60.43 ± 2.21 μg/g SS) > NH 4 Cl (52.96 ± 0.30 μg/g SS) > NaNO 3 (31.88 ± 1.20 μg/g SS) > NaNO 2 (21.80 ± 0.42 μg/g SS). Hydroxylamine and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) favored SMM biotransformation and the hydroxylamine-mediated biotransformation of SMM was more effective than others. In addition, both ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) and CYP450 were able to co-metabolize SMM. Analysis of UPLC-QTOF-MS indicated the biotransformation mechanisms, revealing that acetylation of arylamine, glucuronidation of sulfonamide, deamination, SO 2 extrusion, and δ cleavage were the five major transformation pathways. The detection of TP202 in the hydroxylamine-fed Group C indicated a new biotransformation pathway through HAO. This study contributes to a better understanding of the biotransformation of SMM., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Cigarette smoking (CS) exposure-induced airway inflammatory responses drive the occurrence and development of emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its precise mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explore the role of Rab26 in CS exposure modulating the inflammatory response of airway epithelium and the novel mechanism of CS exposure regulation Rab26. These data showed that CS exposure and H 2 O 2 (a type of ROS) suppressed the expression of Rab26 and increased the expression of DNMT3b in vivo and in vitro. GEO data analysis found the level of Rab26 was decreased in the lung tissue of COPD patients. CSE-induced ROS promoted DNA methylation of the Rab26 promoter and inhibited its promoter activity by elevating the DNMT3b level. Antioxidants N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA) (DNA methylation inhibitor) and DNMT3B siRNA alleviated CSE's inhibitory effect on Rab26 expression in vitro. Importantly, NAC alleviated the improved expression of Rab26 and reduced DNMT3B expression, in the airway of smoking exposure as well as attenuated the inflammatory response in vivo. Overexpression of Rab26 attenuated CSE-induced production of inflammatory mediators through part inactivation of p38 and JNK MAPK. On the contrary, silencing Rab26 enhanced p38 and JNK activation and aggravated inflammatory response. These findings suggest that ROS-mediated Rab26 promoter hypermethylation is a critical step in cigarette smoking-induced airway epithelial inflammatory response. Restoring Rab26 in the airway epithelium might be a potential strategy for treating airway inflammation and COPD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) has the potential to detect pathogens rapidly. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of mNGS in hospitalized patients with suspected sepsis and evaluate its role in guiding antimicrobial therapy. Methods: A multicenter, prospective cohort study was performed. We enrolled patients with suspected sepsis, collected clinical characteristics and blood samples, and recorded the 30-day survival. Diagnostic efficacy of mNGS test and blood culture was compared, and the clinical impact of mNGS on antibiotic regimen modification was analyzed. Results: A total of 277 patients were enrolled, and 162 were diagnosed with sepsis. The mortality was 44.8% (121/270). The mNGS test exhibited shorter turn-out time (27.0 (26.0, 29.0) vs. 96.0 (72.0, 140.3) hours, p < 0.001) and higher sensitivity (90.5% vs. 36.0%, p < 0.001) compared with blood culture, especially for fungal infections. The mNGS test showed better performance for patients with mild symptoms, prior antibiotic use, and early stage of infection than blood culture, and was capable of guiding antibiotic regimen modification and improving prognosis. Higher reads of pathogens detected by mNGS were related to 30-day mortality (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Blood mNGS testing might be helpful for early etiological diagnosis of patients with suspected sepsis, guiding the antibiotic regimen modification and improving prognosis.

Background: The incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the younger population has been increasing gradually in recent years. The objective of the present study is to investigate the safety and effectiveness of drug-eluting balloons (DEBs) in young patients with AMI., Methods: All consecutive patients with AMI aged ≤ 45 years were retrospectively enrolled. The primary endpoint was a device-oriented composite endpoint (DOCE) of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (MI), or target lesion revascularization (TLR). The secondary study endpoints included heart failure and major bleeding events., Results: A total of 276 young patients presenting with AMI were finally included. The median follow-up period was 1155 days. Patients treated with DEBs had a trend toward a lower incidence of DOCEs (3.0% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.12) mainly driven by the need for TLR (3.0% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.19) than those treated with DESs. No significant differences between the two groups were detected in the occurrence of cardiac death (0.0% vs. 0.5%, p = 0.69), MI (0.0% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.40), heart failure (0.0% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.39), or major bleeding events (1.5% vs 4.8%, p = 0.30). Multivariate regression analysis showed that DEBs were associated with a trend toward a lower risk of DOCEs (HR 0.13, 95% CI [0.02, 1.05], p = 0.06)., Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggested that DEBs might be a potential treatment option in young patients with AMI. A larger scale, randomized, multicenter study is required to investigate the safety and effectiveness of DEBs in this setting.

Background: Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a major problem in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We have developed a novel reperfusion strategy for PCI and named it "volume-controlled reperfusion (VCR)". The aim of the current study was to assess the safety and feasibility of VCR in patients with STEMI., Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital with STEMI were prospectively enrolled. The feasibility endpoint was procedural success. The safety endpoints included death from all causes, major vascular complications, and major adverse cardiac event (MACE), i.e., a composite of cardiac death, myocardial reinfarction, target vessel revascularization (TVR), and heart failure., Results: A total of 30 patients were finally included. Procedural success was achieved in 28 (93.3%) patients. No patients died during the study and no major vascular complications or MACE occurred during hospitalization. With the exception of one patient (3.3%) who underwent TVR three months after discharge, no patient encountered death (0.0%), major vascular complications (0.0%), or and other MACEs (0.0%) during the median follow-up of 16 months., Conclusion: The findings of the pilot study suggest that VCR has favorable feasibility and safety in patients with STEMI. Further larger randomized trials are required to evaluate the effectiveness of VCR in STEMI patients.

Economic development and ongoing urbanization are usually accompanied by severe haze pollution. Revealing the spatial and temporal evolution of haze pollution can provide a powerful tool for formulating sustainable development policies. Previous studies mostly discuss the differences in the level of PM2.5 among regions, but have paid little attention to the change rules of such differences and their clustering patterns over long periods. Therefore, from the perspective of club convergence, this study employs the log t regression test and club clustering algorithm proposed by Phillips and Sul (Econometrica 75(6):1771-1855, 2007. 10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00811.x) to empirically examine the convergence characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations in Chinese cities from 1998 to 2016. This study found that there was no evidence of full panel convergence, but supported one divergent group and eleven convergence clubs with large differences in mean PM2.5 concentrations and growth rates. The geographical distribution of these clubs showed significant spatial dependence. In addition, certain meteorological and socio-economic factors predominantly determined the convergence club for each city., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021.)

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. As the molecular mechanism for liver metastasis of CRC has not yet been completely discovered, identification of hub genes and pathways of this disease is of importance for revealing potential molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer progression. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers and survival analysis of hub genes for CRC treatment., Methods: The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between colorectal cancer liver metastasis and primary tumor were screened using microarray data from two datasets GSE179979, GSE144259 obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed for DEGs using DAVID database, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Cytoscape software, and module analysis was performed using MCODE. Then, overall survival (OS), progression free interval (PFI) and disease specific survival (DSS) analysis of hub genes was performed by using TCGA database. The correlations between hub genes and clinical values were validated through CRN and immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain., Results: A total of 64 DEGs were obtained, KEGG pathway analysis showed that the significant pathways included PPAR signaling pathway, Complement and coagulation cascades. Four hub genes (ITIH2, ALB, CPB2, HGFAC) and two biomarkers (CPB2, HGFAC) with significantly prognostic values were verified by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort., Conclusions: CPB2 and HGFAC may serve as new biomarkers in diagnosing liver metastasis of CRC or potential drug target., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest No competing interests for this article, (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Since the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a symptom of the onset of SARS-CoV-2, olfactory dysfunction (OD), has attracted tremendous attention. OD is not only a negative factor for quality of life but also an independent hazard and early biomarker for various diseases, such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Therefore, early identification and treatment of OD in patients are critical. Many etiological factors are responsible for OD based on current opinions. Sniffin'Sticks are recommended to identify the initial position (central or peripheral) for OD when treating patients clinically. It is worth emphasizing that the olfactory region in nasal cavity is recognized as the primary and critical olfactory receptor. Many nasal diseases, such as those with traumatic, obstructive and inflammatory causes, can lead to OD. The key question is no refined diagnosis or treatment strategy for nasogenic OD currently. This study summarizes the differences in medical history, symptoms, auxiliary examination, treatment and prognosis of different types of nasogenic OD by analyzing the current studies. We propose using olfactory training after 4-6 weeks of initial treatment for nasogenic OD patients with no significant improvement in olfaction. We hope that our research can provide valuable clinical guidance by systematically summarizing the clinical characteristics of nasogenic OD., (© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and progressive disease that affects joints. Pathologically, it is characterized by oxidative stress-mediated excessive chondrocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) has been shown to exert antioxidant effects and prevent degenerative diseases by activating ERK-related signaling pathways. However, the mechanism of FGF9 in the pathogenesis of OA and its relationship with anti-oxidative stress and related pathways are unclear. In this study, mice with medial meniscus instability (DMM) were used as the in vivo model whereas TBHP-induced chondrocytes served as the in vitro model to explore the mechanism underlying the effects of FGF9 in OA and its association with anti-oxidative stress. Results showed that FGF9 reduced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in TBHP-treated chondrocytes and promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 to activate the Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathway. Interestingly, silencing the Nrf2 gene or blocking the ERK signaling pathway abolished the antioxidant effects of FGF9. FGF9 treatment reduced joint space narrowing, cartilage ossification, and synovial thickening in the DMM model mice. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that FGF9 can inhibit TBHP-induced oxidative stress in chondrocytes through the ERK and Nrf2-HO1 signaling pathways and prevent the progression of OA in vivo., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)