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Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor of the bone which tends to occur in diaphysis or metaphysis of the long bones. The lesion is generally intraosseous with vague clinical symptoms, hence given the name "great mimicker". When located subperiosteally and juxtaarticulary, atypical clinical presentation and radiological may lead to a delayed or missed diagnosis. Performing surgery with a misdiagnosis carries the risk of incomplete resection of the lesion and recurrence. We report the case of a 15-year-old male with a subperiosteal osteoid osteoma of the talus, who was misdiagnosed with pigmented villonodular synovitis and operated through anterior ankle arthrotomy. A nodular lesion 1 cm in diameter with hard rubber consistency was removed from the dorsal aspect of the talar neck. The pathological specimens were consistent with subperiosteal osteoid osteoma. The patient's symptoms resolved rapidly in the early postoperative period. The patient remained asymptomatic at the 20th-month follow-up and the control MRI revealed no signs of recurrence. Atypical radiological and clinical presentation of juxtaarticular subperiosteal osteoid osteomas cause misdiagnosis, delay in diagnosis, incomplete resection and recurrence. It is important to keep in mind "juxtaarticular subperiosteal osteoid osteoma" in the differential diagnosis of cases with suspected Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis.

The reported experience with preoperative embolization of solid orbital tumors is scarce. Herein, we present a case of a large and hypervascular orbital solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) in which 500-700 µm tris-acryl gelatin microspheres (TAGM) were used for preoperative embolization. A 41-year-old man presented with severe proptosis, palpable mass, restrictive myopathy, exposure keratopathy, and compressive optic neuropathy in the right orbit. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 65x35x35 mm, diffusely contrast-enhanced tumor in the superior orbit, extending to the apex, and multiple intratumoral vascular flow voids. A diagnosis of SFT was made by incisional biopsy. Endovascular tumor embolization was performed with 500-700 µm TAGM. Two days later, the tumor was entirely removed with minimal bleeding. No embolization- or surgery-related complications and tumor recurrence or metastasis developed during the 42-month postoperative follow-up., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (©Copyright 2022 by Turkish Ophthalmological Association | Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology, published by Galenos Publishing House.)

Background: Angiogenesis is crucial for formation of a stable regenerate during distraction osteogenesis (DO). This experimental study evaluates if bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and desferrioxamine (DFO), two agents which are known to induce neoangiogenesis in vivo, would increase angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and improve mechanical properties of bone regenerate in DO model., Methods: Twenty-four tibias of 24 New Zealand rabbits were osteotomized and fixed with semi-circular fixators. Three groups of 8 animals were formed. BMP-2 soaked scaffolds were used in the first group, whereas daily local DFO injections were made in the second group. Subjects in the control group did not receive any agents during the surgery or in the distraction period. The rabbits in all three groups underwent distraction at a rate of 0.6 mm/day for 15 days following the 7-day latent period. Animals were sacrificed on day 38, and the tibia were harvested for histological and mechanical examination of the regenerate., Results: All 24 rabbits survived the surgical procedure, and there were no side effects against the BMP-2 and local DFO. Three-point bending tests revealed a higher force (361 ± 267 N.) required for fracture in Group 1 (p: 0.018). Similarly, the bending moment in Group 1 (5.4 ± 4.0 Nmm) was significantly higher than the other groups (p: 0.021). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of deflection and stiffness (p ˃ 0.05). Histologically, there was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of endochondral, periosteal, and intramembranous ossification and VEGF activity (p ˃ 0.05)., Conclusion: BMP-2 and DFO stimulate angiogenesis by increasing VEGF activity. Angiogenesis is one of the most important mechanisms for the initiation and maintenance of new bone formation. Stimulation of angiogenesis in unfavorable biomechanical conditions may not be sufficient for ideal bone formation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest No conflict of interest. No financial resources were used for this study., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study aims to perform autologous blood pleurodesis in an animal model and investigate the effects of paracetamol and diclofenac on autologous blood pleurodesis., Methods: We divided 42 female Wistar albino rats (aged three months; average weight 275±25 g) into three major groups of 14. Each major group was further divided into two subgroups of seven rats to be sacrificed at seven days for early changes and 21 days for late changes. We performed autologous blood pleurodesis in all rats at a dose of 3 mL/kg. Group C (control group) was administered saline, group P was administered paracetamol, and group D was administered diclofenac for the postoperative five consecutive days as a single dose intraperitoneally. We sacrificed the rats at the designated dates and removed the thoracic cages en bloc., Results: According to macroscopical and microscopical evaluation of the specimens, paracetamol led to a similar degree of adhesions with saline, whereas diclofenac significantly reduced the intensity of the desired adhesions between the two pleural sheets (p=0.05)., Conclusion: Using anti-inflammatory analgesics following autologous blood pleurodesis may lead to unsuccessful outcome of the procedure., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2019, Turkish Society of Cardiovascular Surgery.)

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a type of soft-tissue sarcoma, often linked to poor survival. Although overexpression of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) has been associated with poor prognosis in different tumors, a few studies investigated this link in SS. Here, we analyzed the relationship between EZH2 expression and prognostic factors in SS. We included 29 patients with SS. Immunostaining of EZH2 was performed with (D2C9) XPTM Rabbit mAb antibody, and the results were classified as low EZH2 expression (negative or weak expression) and high EZH2 expression category (moderate or strong expression). Analysis of survival in relation to prognostic factors was performed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Our sample included 19/29 female and 10/29 male patients, with age range 16-63 years. The tumor diameter ranged from 2 to 15 cm. Necrosis was observed in 15/29 cases. Sixteen cases had >10 mitoses per 50 high-power fields (HPFs). Out of 29 cases, 14 showed low and 15 had high EZH2 expression. Statistically significant results were obtained for the association between the presence of metastasis and necrosis (p = 0.042), high EZH2 expression and distant metastasis (p = 0.018), high EZH2 expression and necrosis (p = 0.016), and high EZH2 expression and the tumor size >5 cm versus tumor size ≤5 cm (p = 0.014). Patients with all of the following: the tumor size ≤5 cm, low EZH2 expression, and without necrosis and distant metastasis had significantly longer survival time. Our results are consistent with previous studies, suggesting that EZH2 overexpression is an indicator of poor prognosis in SS.

Introduction: Hyperbaric oxygen and platelet-rich plasma are used in the treatment of diabetic wounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and autologous platelet concentrates in healing diabetic wounds., Material and Methods: Thirty-six female Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Diabetes mellitus was induced chemically with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats were divided into a control group, a hyperbaric oxygen group, a platelet-rich plasma group, and a combined therapy group. Platelet-rich plasma was applied just after the creation of the wound; hyperbaric oxygen treatment was carried out daily over 7 days. Wound healing was evaluated according to four parameters: ulcerations, epidermal thickness, density of dermal collagen fibers, and proliferation of dermal blood vessels., Results: The number of active ulcers in the combined therapy group was fewer than in the control group ( p = 0.039), and the wound area was greatest in controls ( p < 0.001). The epidermal thickness in platelet-rich plasma and combined therapy groups was non-significantly greater than in the control group ( p = 0.097 and p = 0.074, respectively). The amount of fibrous collagen in these two groups was greater than in the control group ( p = 0.002)., Conclusions: Combined hyperbaric oxygen and platelet-rich plasma therapy was found to be successful in diabetic wound healing. The combination therapy had no additive effect in terms of angiogenesis and the development of new collagen fibers., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent chronic joint disease causing pain and disability. Recent reports have shown that statin may have the potential to inhibit osteoarthritis. This study of early stage OA developed in an experimental rabbit model, aimed to evaluate the chondroprotective effects of intraarticularly applied atorvastatin on cartilage tissue macroscopically and histopathologically by examining intracellular and extracellular changes by light and electron microscope., Materials and Methods: The experimental knee OA model was created by cutting the anterior cruciate ligament of the 20 mature New Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were randomly allocated into two groups of 10., Study Group: The group that received intraarticular statin therapy;, Control Group: The group that did not receive any intraarticular statin therapy. The control group received an intraarticular administration of saline and the study group atorvastatin from the 1(st) week postoperatively, once a week for 3 weeks. The knee joints were removed including the femoral and tibial joint surfaces for light and electron microscopic studies of articular cartilages., Results: The mean total points obtained from the evaluation of the lesions that developed in the medial femoral condyle were 11.33 ± 0.667 for the control group and 1.5 ± 0.687 for the study group. The mean total points obtained from the evaluation of the lesions that developed in medial tibial plateau cartilage tissue were 11.56 ± 0.709 for the control group and 1.40 ± 0.618 for the study group. Electron microscopic evaluation revealed healthy cartilage tissue with appropriate chondrocyte and matrix structure in study group and impaired cartilage tissue in control group., Conclusion: Chondroprotective effect of statin on cartilage tissue was determined in this experimental OA model evaluated macroscopically and by light and electron microscope. There are some evidences to believe that the chondroprotective effect of the statin is that, by protecting the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex.

Glomus tumors in the gastrointestinal tract are unusual, as the previous series in the literature have been mainly limited to the stomach. Less than 10 cases of esophageal glomus tumors have been described in the literature. Oncocytic glomus tumors are a recently identified, rare variant of the glomus tumor. We report a 47-year-old female who presented with an approximately 3-month history of dysphagia and weight loss. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a black-purple, hypervascular, protruding lesion measuring approximately 65 mm at the 37th cm of the esophagus. The patient underwent an Ivor Lewis operation via open thoracotomy. The resected specimen had a protuberant, ulcerated mass measuring 80 × 35 mm in the posterior wall of the esophagus. Based on the histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscope findings, the final diagnosis was a malignant glomus tumor with oncocytic features. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a malignant glomus tumor with oncocytic features in an esophageal location., (© 2015 APMIS. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an orally applicable hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizer on distraction osteogenesis (DO) in a rat model., Methods: The study included 24 Wistar albino rats undergoing osteotomy of the left tibia diaphysis. Rats were divided equally into experiment and control groups. Tibias were fixed using an external fixator. HIF stabilizer was administered to the experiment group. On the 5th postoperative day, distraction with increased rate (0.4 mm twice a day) was commenced and continued for 10 days. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation was performed., Results: Vascular endothelial growth factor levels of the experiment group were higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). The experiment group had slightly better intramembranous ossification quality than the control group on both Day 16 and 30. Endochondral ossification rates were better in the experiment group on Day 16., Conclusion: Vascular endothelial growth factor levels increased and stimulated angiogenesis in the presence of HIF pathway activation by oral administration of HIF stabilizer during DO. The biomechanical features of the distraction and angiogenesis should be coupled to achieve adequate bone homeostasis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of autoclaving and pasteurization on bone healing., Methods: Twenty-five full-grown male rabbits were included in the study; all 25 had bone blocks resected and reimplanted. In group 1, bone blocks were autoclaved; in group 2, bone blocks were pasteurized; and in group 3 (controls), resected bone blocks were reimplanted without sterilization., Results: Heiple scores of the proximal parts of the fusion surfaces in group 1, group 2, and group 3 were 12.8±0.4, 6.8±1.2, and 10.2±1.9, respectively. Heiple scores of the distal parts of the fusion surfaces in group 1, group 2, and group 3 were 10.8±0.8, 6.0±1.1, and 9.8±1.5, respectively. Differences in radiologic scores were not statistically significant between the groups for proximal or distal fusion surfaces at 3 and 6 weeks., Conclusion: In conclusion, pasteurization has a less negative effect on bone healing than autoclaving, and can be considered for bone sterilization in certain circumstances.