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Background: To study the relationship between the expression of p53, p27, bcl-2 protein and the clinical pathological characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Methods: Expression of p53, p27 and bcl-2 protein was detected in 76 NSCLC samples by immunohistochemistry., Results: The positive rate of p53, p27 and bcl-2 protein was 36.84% (28/76), 44.74% (34/76) and 48.68% (37/76) respectively, and 7 cases were positive for p53, p27 and bcl-2 protein. Positive rate of p53, p27 and bcl-2 protein was not related to the pathological type, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. The positive rate of p53 in higher differentiation group was significantly lower than that in lower differentiation group (P < 0.05). The positive rate of p27 and bcl-2 in higher differentiation group was significantly higher than that in lower differentiation group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Overexpression of p53, p27 and bcl-2 genes may play an important role in the oncogenesis and development of NSCLC.