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Background: Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) has been implicated in various health concerns. However, a comprehensive understanding of the specific PM 2.5 components affecting depression remains limited., Methods: This study conducted a Cox proportional-hazards model to assess the effect of PM 2.5 components on the incidence of depression based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants with 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) score of 10 or higher were classified as exhibiting depression., Results: Our findings demonstrated a significant positive correlation between long-term exposure to black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO 4 2- ), and organic matter (OM) components of PM 2.5 and the prevalence of depression. Per 1 Interquartile Range (IQR) increment in 3-year average concentrations of BC, OM, and SO 4 2- were associated with the hazard ratio (HR) of 1.54 (95 % confidence intervals (CI): 1.44, 1.64), 1.24 (95%CI: 1.16, 1.34) and 1.25 (95%CI: 1.16, 1.35). Notably, females, younger individuals, those with lower educational levels, urban residents, individuals who were single, widowed, or divorced, and those living in multi-story houses exhibited heightened vulnerability to the adverse effects of PM 2.5 components on depression., Limitations: Firstly, pollutant data is confined to subjects' fixed addresses, overlooking travel and international residence history. Secondly, the analysis only incorporates five fine particulate components, leaving room for further investigation into the remaining fine particulate components in future studies., Conclusions: This study provides robust evidence supporting the detrimental impact of PM 2.5 components on depression. The identification of specific vulnerable populations contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the relationship between PM 2.5 components and depression., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Although there is evidence of long-term effects of particulate matter (PM) on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), researches about long-term effects of PM 1 on CVD are limited. We aimed to examine the long-term effects and magnitude of PM, especially PM 1 , on incident CVD in China., Methods: We included 6016 participants aged ≥ 45 years without CVD at baseline in 2011 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Personal PM (PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 ) concentrations were estimated using geocoded residential address. Generalized linear mixed models and SHapley Additive exPlanation were utilized to calculate the impacts and contributions of PM on CVD. Sensitivity analyses were used to check the robustness., Results: After a follow up of 4-year, 481 (7.99 %) participants developed CVD. Per 10 μg/m 3 uptick in 1-year average concentrations of PM 1 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 was associated with a 1.20 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.37], 1.13 (95 % CI: 1.11-1.15), and 1.10 (95 % CI: 1.06-1.13) fold risk of incident CVD, respectively. The 2-year average concentrations of PM 1 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 were associated with incident CVD, corresponding to a 1.03 (95 % CI: 0.96-1.10), 1.11 (95 % CI: 1.02-1.21), and 1.09 (95 % CI: 1.03-1.15) fold risk, respectively. The SHapley Additive exPlanation values of PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 were 0.170, 0.153, and 0.053, respectively, corresponding to the first, second, and fifth among all air pollutants. Effects of PM 1 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 on CVD remained statistically significant in two-pollutant models. The elderly, males, smokers and alcohol drinkers tended to have slightly higher effects, while the differences were not statistically significant (all P-values > 0.05) between subgroups., Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 was associated with an increased incidence of CVD. The smaller the particle size, the more important it was for incident CVD indicating that emphasis should be placed on small size of PM., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: There is insufficient evidence about the long-term effects of intermediate particulate matter (PM 1 - 2.5 ) on asthma development in adults aged 45 years and above. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between long-term exposure to PM 1 - 2.5 and the incidence of asthma in adults aged 45 years and above., Methods: A cohort study based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database was conducted to investigate the long-term effects of PM 1 - 2.5 on self-reported asthma incidence in adults aged 45 years and above in China from 2011 to 2018. The PM concentrations were estimated using a high-resolution (1 km 2 ) satellite-based spatiotemporal model. A covariate-adjusted generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the relationship between long-term exposure to PM 1 - 2.5 and the incidence of asthma. Effect modifications and sensitivity analysis were conducted., Results: After a 7-year follow-up, 103 (1.61 %) of the 6400 participants developed asthma. Each 10 μg/m 3 increment in the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year moving average concentrations of PM 1 - 2.5 corresponded to a 1.82 [95 % confidence interval (CI):1.11-2.98], 1.95 (95 % CI: 1.24-3.07), 1.95 (95 % CI: 1.26-3.03) and 1.88 (95 % CI: 1.26-2.81) fold risk for incident asthma, respectively. A significant multiplicative interaction was observed between socioeconomic level and long-term exposure to PM 1 - 2.5 . Stratified analysis showed that smokers and those with lower socioeconomic levels were at higher risk of incident asthma related to PM 1 - 2.5 . Restricted cubic splines showed an increasing trend in asthma incidence with increasing PM 1 - 2.5 . Sensitivity analyses showed that our model was robust., Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PM 1 - 2.5 was positively associated with incident asthma in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Participants with a history of smoking and lower socioeconomic levels had a higher risk. More studies are warranted warrant to establish an accurate reference value of PM 1 - 2.5 to mitigate the growing asthma burden., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Three-dimensional (3D) porous molybdenum disulfide nanosheets/carbon nanofibers (MoS 2 /CNF) hybrid aerogels were synthesized by using solvothermal method and following carbonization, where two-dimensional (2D) MoS 2 nanosheets were homogenously in-situ grown on the interconnected CNF skeleton derived from bacterial cellulose, forming a hierarchical porous structure. This unique heterogeneous structure of the MoS 2 /CNF hybrid aerogels were conducive to electromagnetic loss, including conduction, polarization, multi-scatterings, and reflections, thus resulting in a balanced impedance matching and microwave attenuation capacity. It was found that the resulted MoS 2 /CNF hybrid aerogels demonstrate excellent microwave absorbing performance when the only 5.0 wt% fillers were loaded in paraffin. Particularly, MoS 2 /CNF-2-900 hybrid aerogel displayed an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.68 GHz and minimum reflection loss (RL min ) value of -36.19 dB at a thickness of 2.0 mm. As the thickness increases to 4.4 mm, the RL min value of MoS 2 /CNF-2-900 hybrid aerogel reaches -48.53 dB. Electromagnetic loss mechanism analysis indicates that such improved microwave attenuation is attributed to proper component, multiple heterogenous interface and hierarchical porous structures. All the results in this work pave the avenue for the development of ultralight microwave absorber with high absorption capacity as well as broad effective absorption bandwidth., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)