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Low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have attracted much interest in solid-state lighting and displays, but the toxicity and instability of lead halide are obstacles to their industrial applications, which must be overcome. As an alternative, Cu(I)-based hybrid metal halides have emerged as a new type of luminescent material owing to their diversified structure, adjustable luminescence, low toxicity and low cost. Herein, we report three one-dimensional (1D) hybrid Cu(I)-based halides with the general formula ACu 2 Br 4 (A = [(Me) 4 -Pipz] 2+ and [BuDA] 2+ and [TMEDA] 2+ ). These 1D hybrid Cu(I) halides display stable broadband blue emission with maximum emission peaks in the range of 445-474 nm and the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 37.8%. Furthermore, in-depth experimental and theoretical investigations revealed that the broadband blue emissions originate from the radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons. Most importantly, there is no structural degradation and attenuation of emission intensity even after continuously soaking these halides in water for at least two months, demonstrating their ultra-high anti-water stability. Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that a large number of weak hydrogen bonds can protect the inorganic skeleton from degradation due to water. This work provides a new strategy for the design of water-stable Cu(I)-based halides with efficient blue emission and wide potential applications in humid environments.

Although metal halide-based X-ray scintillators have obtained significant development with adjustable radioluminescent spectral range, the red light-emitting scintillator has been sparsely reported and remains a great challenge until now. To remedy this research blank, we investigated the scintillating property of red light-emissive one-dimensional (1D) organic manganese halide of (MBIZ)(MnCl 3 H 2 O)·H 2 O (MBIZ = 2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazolium) with a high PLQY of 71% under UV light excitation. Remarkably, this manganese halide single crystal exhibits a compelling X-ray scintillating property in the red light spectral range with a light yield of 19 600 photons MeV -1 and detection limit of 0.204 μGy/s, which is significantly better than the standard dosage for X-ray diagnostics. Furthermore, this manganese halide also exhibits excellent radiation resistance ability toward long-term continuous irradiation of high-dose X-ray with stable radiophotoluminescence intensity. Benefiting from the abovementioned combined merits, (MBIZ)(MnCl 3 H 2 O)·H 2 O demonstrates high-performance X-ray imaging with an outstanding spatial resolution of 11.1 lpmm -1 . As far as we know, this is an infrequent red-emissive X-ray scintillator in metal halide materials, which highlights a successful structural design concept to explore new manganese halides as more desirable scintillators and expand the application field in medical diagnosis.

A new one-dimensional hybrid [APCHA]Cu 2 I 4 was designed and applied as an X-ray scintillator. It exhibits broad-band green emission with a high PLQY of 74.80% and excellent stability. It demonstrates radioluminescence property with a light yield of 28 336 photons MeV -1 , detection limit of 41 nGy air s -1 , and high spatial limit of 13.95 lp mm -1 in X-ray imaging.

Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has been increasingly common in women of reproductive age. However, the evidence remains mixed regarding the association of DTC with adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women previously diagnosed with DTC., Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing, China between January 2012 and December 2022. We included singleton-pregnancy women with a pre-pregnancy DTC managed by surgical treatment (after-surgery DTC) or active surveillance (under-surveillance DTC). To reduce the confounding effects, we adopted a propensity score to match the after-surgery and under-surveillance DTC groups with the non-DTC group, respectively, on age, parity, gravidity, pre-pregnancy weight, height, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We used conditional logistics regressions, separately for the after-surgery and under-surveillance DTC groups, to estimate the adjusted associations of DTC with both the composite of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the specific mother-, neonate-, and placenta-related pregnancy outcomes., Results: After the propensity-score matching, the DTC and non-DTC groups were comparable in the measured confounders. In the after-surgery DTC group ( n  = 204), the risk of the composite or specific adverse pregnancy outcomes was not significantly different from that of the matched, non-DTC groups ( n  = 816; P  > 0.05), and the results showed no evidence of difference across different maternal thyroid dysfunctions, gestational thyrotropin levels, and other pre-specified subgroup variables. We observed broadly similar results in the under-surveillance DTC group ( n  = 37), except that the risk of preterm birth, preeclampsia, and delivering the low-birth-weight births was higher than that of the matched, non-DTC group [ n  = 148; OR (95% CI): 4.79 (1.31, 17.59); 4.00 (1.16, 13.82); 6.67 (1.59, 27.90)]., Conclusions: DTC was not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women previously treated for DTC. However, more evidence is urgently needed for pregnant women with under-surveillance DTC, which finding will be clinically significant in individualizing prenatal care., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Li, Mei, Xiao, Zhang, Zhang, Fu, Chen, Shan, Sun, Song, Yuan and Liu.)

Cell-based microarrays are widely used in the fields of drug discovery and toxicology. Precise gradient generation and automated drug feeding are essential for high-throughput screening of live cells in tiny droplets. However, most existing technologies either require sophisticated robotic equipment or cause mechanical/physiological interference with cells. Here, a heterogeneous organohydrogel is presented for automated gradient drug feeding, while ensuring minimal interference with cells. The heterogeneous organohydrogel comprises three crucial components. The bottom surface can automatically generate gradients functioning as a gradient generator, the organohydrogel bulk allows unidirectional transport of drugs without backflow, and the top surface with hydrophilic arrays can firmly anchor the cell-based droplet array to evaluate the concentration-dependent bioeffects of drugs accurately. Such a unique structure enables universal screening of different cell types and drugs dissolved in different solvents, requiring neither additional accessories nor arduous drug functionalization. The heterogeneous organohydrogel with unprecedented automation and non-interference possesses the enormous potential to be a next-generation platform for drug screening., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Luminescent materials with engineered optical properties play an important role in anti-counterfeiting and information security technology. However, conventional luminescent coding is limited by fluorescence color or intensity, and high-level multi-dimensional luminescent encryption technology remains a critically challenging goal in different scenarios. To improve the encoding capacity, we present an optical multiplexing concept by synchronously manipulating the emission color and decay lifetimes of room-temperature phosphorescence materials at molecular level. Herein, we devise a family of zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides by combining organic phosphonium cations and metal halide tetrahedral anions as independent luminescent centers, which display blue phosphorescence and green persistent afterglow with the highest quantum yields of 39.9 % and 57.3 %, respectively. Significantly, the luminescence lifetime can be fine-tuned in the range of 0.0968-0.5046 μs and 33.46-125.61 ms as temporary time coding through precisely controlling the heavy atomic effect and inter-molecular interactions. As a consequence, synchronous blue phosphorescence and green afterglow are integrated into one 0D halide platform with adjustable emission lifetime acting as color- and time-resolved dual RTP materials, which realize the multiple applications in high-level anti-counterfeiting and information storage. The color-lifetime-dual-resolved encoding ability greatly broadens the scope of luminescent halide materials for optical multiplexing applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides have been emerged as room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, but synchronous optimization of multiple phosphorescence performance in one structural platform remains less resolved, and stable RTP activity in aqueous medium is also unrealized due to serious instability toward water and oxygen. Herein, we demonstrated a photophysical tuning strategy in a new 0D hybrid zinc halide family of (BTPP)2ZnX4 (BTPP = benzyltriphenylphosphonium, X = Cl and Br). Infrequently, the delicate combination of organic and inorganic species enables this family to display multiple ultralong green afterglow and efficient self-trapped exciton (STE) associated cyan phosphorescence. Compared with inert luminescence of [BTPP]+ cation, incorporation of anionic [ZnX4]2- effectively enhance the spin-orbit coupling effect, which significantly boosts the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 30.66% and 54.62% for afterglow and phosphorescence, respectively. Synchronously, the corresponding luminescence lifetime extend to 143.94 ms and 0.308 μs surpassing the indiscernible phosphorescence of [BTPP]X salt. More importantly, this halide family presents robust RTP emission with nearly unattenuated PLQY in water and harsh condition (acid and basic aqueous solution) over half a year. The highly efficient integrated afterglow and STE phosphorescence as well as ultrahigh aqueous state RTP realize multiple anti-counterfeiting applications in wide chemical environments., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Commercially available rare-earth-doped inorganic oxide materials have been widely applied as X-ray scintillators, but the fragile characteristics, high detection limit, and harsh preparation condition seriously restrict their wide applications. Furthermore, it remains a huge challenge to realize X-ray flexible imaging technology for real-time monitoring of the curving interface of complex devices. To address these issues, we herein report two isostructural cuprous halides of zero-dimensional (0D) [AEPipz]CuX 3 ·X·H 2 O (AEPipz = N -aminoethylpiperazine, X = Br and I) with controllable size to nanosize crystal as highly efficient scintillators toward flexible X-ray imaging. These cuprous halides exhibit highly efficient cyan photoluminescence and radioluminescence emissions with the highest quantum yield of 92.1% and light yield of 62,400 photons MeV -1 , respectively, surpassing most of the commercially available inorganic scintillators. Meanwhile, the ultralow detection limit of 95.7 n Gy air s -1 was far below the X-ray dose required for diagnosis (5.5 μ Gy air s -1 ). More significantly, the flexible film is facilely assembled with excellent foldability and high crack resistance, which further acts as a scintillation screen achieving a high spatial resolution of 17.4 lp mm -1 in X-ray imaging, demonstrating the potential application in wearable radiation radiography. The combined advantages of high light yield, low detection limit, and excellent flexibility promote these 0D cuprous halides as the most promising X-ray scintillators.

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive lymphoma that primarily affects the central nervous system. Current treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and whole-brain radiotherapy, often fail to achieve satisfactory results. The prognosis for patients with refractory or relapsed (R/R) PCNSL is bleak. The optimal treatment for refractory or relapsed PCNSL is poorly defined due to a limited number of studies in this setting. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, as part of targeted therapy regimens, have undergone testing in several clinical trials against PCNSL and have shown promising results in the treatment of R/R PCNSL. In this meta-analysis, we aim to explore and critically appraise the evidence regarding the efficacy of BTK inhibitors in the treatment of refractory or relapsed PCNSL., Methods: A systematic search was conducted on multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and CNKI, covering the period up to November 2023. The inclusion criteria for studies were patients with R/R PCNSL who received BTK inhibitors, and reported data on overall response rate (ORR) and complete remission (CR). The pooled rates were calculated using a random-effects or fixed-effects model with a double arcsine transformation, and 95% CIs were determined for all outcomes., Results: In total, 1 studies involving 185 patients were identified and included in the meta-analysis. The pooled complete remission (CR) rate of BTK inhibitors-based treatment for R/R PCNSL was found to be 50%. Subgroup analysis revealed that the CR rates for BTK inhibitor monotherapy, BTK inhibitor combined with chemotherapy, and BTK inhibitor combined with radiotherapy for R/R PCNSL were 7%, 68%, and 80%, respectively. The ORR for BTK inhibitors-based treatment for R/R PCNSL was 70%. Subgroup analysis showed that the ORR rates for BTK inhibitor monotherapy and BTK inhibitor combined with chemotherapy for R/R PCNSL were 55% and 83%, respectively. The most common adverse events (AEs) reported were hematologic AEs, including neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Severe nonhematologic AEs included rash, febrile neutropenia, increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, and increased blood bilirubin., Conclusions: BTK inhibitors can be regarded as a safe and effective treatment option for R/R PCNSL, thereby providing a potential new avenue for R/R PCNSL treatment. However, it is important to note that further large-sample prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these findings and establish their wider applicability., (Copyright © 2024 XI'an Gao Xin Hospital. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as sudden loss of renal function characterized by increased serum creatinine levels and reduced urinary output with a duration of 7 days. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated necrotic pathway, has been implicated in the progression of AKI, while ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a selective inhibitor of ferroptosis, inhibited renal damage, oxidative stress and tubular cell death in AKI mouse models. However, the clinical translation of Fer-1 is limited due to its lack of efficacy and metabolic instability. In this study we designed and synthesized four Fer-1 analogs (Cpd-A1, Cpd-B1, Cpd-B2, Cpd-B3) with superior plasma stability, and evaluated their therapeutic potential in the treatment of AKI. Compared with Fer-1, all the four analogs displayed a higher distribution in mouse renal tissue in a pharmacokinetic assay and a more effective ferroptosis inhibition in erastin-treated mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTECs) with Cpd-A1 (N-methyl-substituted-tetrazole-Fer-1 analog) being the most efficacious one. In hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)- or LPS-treated mTECs, treatment with Cpd-A1 (0.25 μM) effectively attenuated cell damage, reduced inflammatory responses, and inhibited ferroptosis. In ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)- or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced AKI mouse models, pre-injection of Cpd-A1 (1.25, 2.5, 5 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 , i.p.) dose-dependently improved kidney function, mitigated renal tubular injury, and abrogated inflammation. We conclude that Cpd-A1 may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of AKI., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Pharmacological Society.)

Although organic-inorganic hybrid Mn 2+ halides have advanced significantly, achieving high stability and narrow-band emission remains enormously challenging owing to the weak ionic nature and soft crystal lattice of the halide structure. To address these issues, we proposed a cationic engineering strategy of long-range cation π···π stacking and C-H···π interactions to simultaneously improve the crystal structural stability and rigidity. Herein, two organic zero-dimensional (0D) manganese halide hybrids of (BACQ) 2 MnX 4 [BACQ = 4-(butylamino)-7-chloroquinolin-1-ium; X = Cl and Br] were synthesized. (BACQ) 2 MnX 4 display strong green-light emissions with the narrowest full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 39 nm, which is significantly smaller than those of commercial green phosphor β-SiAlON:Eu 2+ and most of reported manganese halides. Detailed Hirshfeld surface analyses demonstrate the rigid environment around the [MnX 4 ] 2- units originating from the interactions between [BACQ] + . The rigid crystal structure weakens the electron-phonon coupling and renders narrow fwhm of these manganese halides, which is further confirmed by temperature-dependent emission spectra. Remarkably, (BACQ) 2 MnX 4 realizes outstanding structural and luminescence stabilities in various extreme environments. Benefiting from the excellent performance, these Mn 2+ halides are used to assemble light-emitting diodes with a wide color gamut of 105% of the National Television System Committee 1931 standard, showcasing the advanced applications in liquid-crystal-display backlighting.

We assess the associations between personality traits and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI from adolescence to early adulthood. We employed a nationally representative cohort in China from 2010 to 2020 year. We included adolescents aged 10-19 years without depressive symptoms and unhealthy weight status (obesity, overweight, or thinness) at baseline and excluded those without any measurement of depressive symptoms or BMI at follow-ups. We assessed baseline personality traits in 7 dimensions of conscientiousness, openness, neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, self-esteem, and responsibility. We also assessed the combined effects of these 7 dimensions of personality traits by generating individual-level personality trait risk scores based on the weighted sum of all these 7 dimensions of personality traits. We measured the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI using both a single measurement of depressive symptoms and BMI at the last follow-up and repeated measurements of them over 10 years. We used the multinomial logistic regression models to examine the exposure-outcome associations. At baseline, we included 1778 individuals (mean age: 14.4 year; female: 853 (48.0%)). At follow-ups, we observed increased risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI per 1-SD increase in neuroticism score (1.95-2.38 odds ratio) or 1-SD decrease in self-esteem and conscientiousness (0.63-0.80 odds ratio; all P values < 0.05); we observed no evidence of associations between openness, agreeableness, extraversion, or responsibility and the risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI (all P values > 0.05). For the combined effects of the 7 dimensions of personality traits, we found an elevated risk of co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI per 1-SD increase in the personality trait risk scores (OR (95% CI), single measurement at the last follow-up: 2.01, 1.66 to 2.43; trajectory classification using the repeated measurements 2.30, 1.55 to 3.42; average level using the repeated measurements: 2.27, 1.93 to 2.67). In this national cohort in China, personality traits were found to be associated with the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and high BMI from adolescence to early adulthood. These findings highlight the importance of stratifying individuals based on their personality traits and providing targeted interventions for those at risk of comorbid depression and obesity., (© 2024. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

A quantitative water detection method is urgently needed in storage facilities, space exploration, and the chemical industry. Although numerous physical techniques have been widely utilized to determine the water content, they still suffer from many disadvantages such as highly expensive special instruments, complicated analysis processes, etc. Hence, a convenient, rapid, and sensitive water analysis method is highly desirable. Herein, we developed a visual fluorescence sensing technology for water detection based on reversible PL off-on switching of organic-inorganic hybrid zero-dimensional (0D) manganese halides. In this work, a family of hybrid manganese halides were synthesized through a facile solution method, namely, [NH 4 (18-Crown-6)] 2 MnBr 4 , [Ca(18-Crown-6)·3H 2 O](18-Crown-6)MnBr 4 , [NH 4 (dibenzo-18-Crown-6)] 2 MnBr 4 , and [Ca(dibenzo-18-Crown-6)·2H 2 O]MnBr 4 . Excited by UV light, these highly crystalline manganese halides exhibit strong green light emissions from the d-d electron transition of Mn 2+ with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield and submillisecond lifetime. Benefiting from the dynamic and weak ionic bonding interactions, these 0D manganese halides display reversible water-response on/off luminescence switching but fail in any other aprotic solvents. Therefore, these 0D hybrid manganese halides can be explored as ultrafast visual fluorescence probes to detect the trace amount of water in organic solvents with multiple superiorities of rapid response time (< 2 s), ultralow detection limit (9.71 ppm), excellent repeatability, etc. The reversible water-response luminescent on/off switching also provides a binary optical gate with advanced applications in anticounterfeiting and information security, etc.

The lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) plays a crucial role in both T-cell development and activation. Dysregulation of LCK signaling has been demonstrated to drive the oncogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), thus providing a therapeutic target for leukemia treatment. In this study, we introduced a sophisticated virtual screening strategy combined with biological evaluations to discover potent LCK inhibitors. Our initial approach involved utilizing the PLANET algorithm to assess and contrast various scoring methodologies suitable for LCK inhibitor screening. After effectively evaluating PLANET, we progressed to devise a virtual screening workflow that synergistically combines the strengths of PLANET with the capabilities of Schrödinger's suite. This integrative strategy led to the efficient identification of four potential LCK inhibitors. Among them, compound 1232030-35-1 stood out as the most promising candidate with an IC 50 of 0.43 nM. Further in vitro bioassays revealed that 1232030-35-1 exhibited robust antiproliferative effects on T-ALL cells, which was attributed to its ability to suppress the phosphorylations of key molecules in the LCK signaling pathway. More importantly, 1232030-35-1 treatment demonstrated profound in vivo antileukemia efficacy in a human T-ALL xenograft model. In addition, complementary molecular dynamics simulations provided deeper insight into the binding kinetics between 1232030-35-1 and LCK, highlighting the formation of a hydrogen bond with Met319. Collectively, our study established a robust and effective screening strategy that integrates AI-driven and conventional methodologies for the identification of LCK inhibitors, positioning 1232030-35-1 as a highly promising and novel drug-like candidate for potential applications in treating T-ALL.

HCC, also known as hepatocellular carcinoma, is a frequently occurring form of cancer with an unfavorable prognosis. This research constructed a prognostic signature related to ubiquitination and investigated its correlation with the response to immunotherapy in HCC. The Molecular Signatures Database provided a compilation of genes associated with ubiquitination. A gene signature related to ubiquitination was obtained through Cox regression using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator method. The genetic factors CPY26B1, MCM10, SPINK4, and TRIM54 notably impacted the outcomes of HCC. The patients were divided into two groups: one group had a high risk of poor survival while the other had a low risk but a greater chance of controlling HCC progression. Both univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox regression found the risk score to be an independent predictor of HCC prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated enrichment in cell cycle and cancer-related microRNAs in high-risk groups. The tumor microenvironment (TME), response to immunotherapy, and effectiveness of chemotherapy medications positively correlated with the risk score. In the high-risk group, erlotinib showed higher IC50 values compared to the low-risk group which exhibited higher IC50 values for VX-11e, AKT inhibitor VIII, AT-7519, BMS345541, Bortezomib, CP466722, FMK, and JNK-9L. The results of RT-qPCR revealed that the expression of four UEGs was higher in tumor tissue as compared to normal tissue. Based on the genes that were expressed differently and associated with ubiquitination-related tumor categorization, we have developed a pattern of four genes and a strong nomogram that can predict the prognosis of HCC, which could be useful in identifying and managing HCC.

Precursor method is a well-known technology for preparing certain functional materials. In this work, a novel 3d-4f bimetallic organic framework, denoted as 45MCeCo (45 M representing 4,5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid), was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal technique. The compound thus obtained has the molecular formula of C 10 H 11 CeCoN 4 O 12 . By meticulously controlling the amounts of the experimental materials, it was feasible to prepare flower-like crystals possessing identical single crystal structures and significantly larger specific surface areas. As a precursor for electrode materials, this structure underwent calcination at different temperatures to prepare Co 3 O 4 /CeO 2 composites with in situ composite heterostructures. Post-electrochemical tests revealed that CeO 2 remains unreactive across all potentials, thereby contributing to the stabilization of the electrode material structure. In contrast, Co 3 O 4 participated in redox reactions to provide a specific capacity to the sample. In addition, when comparing the performance of the electrode material under different calcination conditions, it became evident that the material exhibited optimal electrochemical performance when subjected to a temperature of 700 °C for 2 h., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Noninvasive measurement of myocardial work (MW) incorporates left ventricular (LV) pressure, and, therefore, allows correction of global longitudinal strain for changing afterload conditions. We sought to investigate MW as a tool to detect early signs of LV dysfunction in primary systemic hypertension patients, particularly with different predictive indices., Methods and Results: None left ventricular hypertrophy (NLVH) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) patients established were all primary systemic hypertension with preserved ejection fraction. Forty in NLVH and forty in LVH according to left ventricular end-diastolic mass index (LVEDmassI) were prospectively enrolled. The following indices of MW were assessed: global work index, global constructive work, global wasted work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE). Both global work index ( P =0.348) and global constructive work ( P =0.225) were increased in NLVH and decreased in LVH, and GWW ( P <0.001) was increased significantly in NLVH and increased more in LVH, while GWE ( P <0.001) was decreased significantly in NLVH and decreased more in LVH. The clinical utility of GWW (95% CI: 0.802-0.951) and GWE (95% CI: 0.811-0.950) were verified by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showing larger net benefits as evaluated with LVH and control comparisons. In multivariate linear regression analysis, 4-dimenaional LVEDmassI was independently associated with GWE ( P =0.018) in systemic hypertension patients. Assessment of intraobserver and interobserver variability in the MW echocardiographic data documented good interclass correlation coefficients (all >0.85)., Conclusion: GWW and GWE derived from MW are more accurate, sensitive, and reproducible predictors to detect early LV dysfunction in primary systemic hypertension patients, especially in distinguishing the potential functional abnormality of NLVH and LVH, even though the ejection fraction is preserved., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Numerous guidelines have called for personalized interventions to address childhood obesity. The role of fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) in the risk of childhood obesity has been summarized. However, it remains unclear whether FTO could influence individual responses to obesity interventions, especially in children. To address this, we systematically reviewed 12,255 records across 10 databases/registers and included 13 lifestyle-based obesity interventions (3980 children with overweight/obesity) reporting changes in body mass index (BMI) Z-score, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage after interventions. These obesity-related outcomes were first compared between children carrying different FTO genotypes (rs9939609 or its proxy) and then synthesized by random-effect meta-analysis models. The results from single-group interventions showed no evidence of associations between FTO risk allele and changes in obesity-related outcomes after interventions (e.g., BMI Z-score: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.01). The results from controlled trials showed that associations between the FTO risk allele and changes in obesity-related outcomes did not differ by intervention/control group. To conclude, the FTO risk allele might play a minor role in the response to obesity interventions among children. Future studies might pay more attention to the accumulation effect of multiple genes in the intervention process among children., (© 2024 World Obesity Federation.)

Intensive anthropogenic activities have led to drastic changes in land use/land cover (LULC) and impacted the carbon storage in high-groundwater coal basins. In this paper, we conduct a case study on the Yanzhou Coalfield in Shandong Province of China. We further classify waterbodies by using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) to better investigate the process of LULC transformation and the forces driving it in four periods from 1985 to 2020 (i.e., 1985-1995, 1995-2005, 2005-2015, and 2015-2020). We modeled the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon storage by using InVEST based on the transformation in LULC and its drivers, including mining (M), reclamation (R), urbanization and village relocation (U), and ecological restoration (E). The results indicate that carbon storage had depleted by 19.69 % (321099.06 Mg) owing to intensive transformations in LULC. The area of cropland shrank with the expansion of built-up land and waterbodies, and 56.31 % of the study area underwent transitions in land use in the study period. U was the primary driver of carbon loss while E was the leading driver of carbon gain. While the direct impact of M on carbon loss accounted for only 5.23 % of the total, it affected urbanization and led to village relocation. R led to the recovery of cropland and the reclamation of water for aquaculture, which in turn improved the efficiency of land use. However, it contributed only 2.09 % to the total increase in carbon storage. Numerous complicated and intertwined processes (211) drove the changes in carbon storage in the study area. The work here provides valuable information for decision-makers as well as people involved in reclamation and ecological restoration to better understand the link between carbon storage and the forces influencing it. The results can be used to integrate the goals of carbon sequestration into measures for land management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Yanhua Fu reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive malignancy prone to recurrence and metastasis. Studies show that tumor cells with increased invasive and metastatic potential are more likely to undergo ferroptosis. SMAD4 is a critical molecule in the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, which affects the TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) status. SMAD4 loss is observed in more than half of patients with PDAC. In this study, we investigated whether SMAD4-positive PDAC cells were prone to ferroptosis because of their high invasiveness. We showed that SMAD4 status almost determined the orientation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT via the SMAD4-dependent canonical pathway in PDAC, which altered ferroptosis vulnerability. We identified glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which inhibited ferroptosis, as a SMAD4 down-regulated gene by RNA sequencing. We found that SMAD4 bound to the promoter of GPX4 and decreased GPX4 transcription in PDAC. Furthermore, TGF-β1-induced high invasiveness enhanced sensitivity of SMAD4-positive organoids and pancreas xenograft models to the ferroptosis inducer RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3). Moreover, SMAD4 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine combined with RSL3 in highly invasive PDAC cells. This study provides new ideas for the treatment of PDAC, especially SMAD4-positive PDAC., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Pharmacological Society.)

Testosterone is closely associated with lipid metabolism and known to affect body fat composition and muscle mass in males. However, the mechanisms by which testosterone acts on lipid metabolism are not yet fully understood, especially in teleosts. In this study, cyp17a1 -/- zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) exhibited excessive visceral adipose tissue (VAT), lipid content, and up-regulated expression and activity of hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) enzymes. The assay for transposase accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) results demonstrated that chromatin accessibility of DNL genes was increased in cyp17a1 -/- fish compared to cyp17a1 +/+ male fish, including stearoyl-CoA desaturase ( scd ) and fatty acid synthase ( fasn ). Androgen response element (ARE) motifs in the androgen signaling pathway were significantly enriched in cyp17a1 +/+ male fish but not in cyp17a1 -/- fish. Both androgen receptor ( ar )-/- and wild-type (WT) zebrafish administered with Ar antagonist flutamide displayed excessive visceral adipose tissue, lipid content, and up-regulated expression and activity of hepatic de novo lipogenesis enzymes. The Ar agonist BMS-564929 reduced the content of VAT and lipid content, and down-regulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase a ( acaca ), fasn , and scd expression. Mechanistically, the rescue effect of testosterone on cyp17a1 -/- fish in terms of phenotypes was abolished when ar was additionally depleted. Collectively, these findings reveal that testosterone inhibits lipid deposition by down-regulating DNL genes via Ar in zebrafish, thus expanding our understanding of the relationship between testosterone and lipid metabolism in teleosts.

Environmentally friendly and highly efficient blue luminescent materials are an unremitting pursuit in the optoelectronic field. Herein, we assembled a new 0D lead-free metal halide of (F-PPA)ZnBr4, which exhibits narrow blue light emission with a remarkable PLQY of 50.15%, high stability and high detection sensitivity toward UV light. These results indicate the potential for the application of low-dimensional zinc-based halides in multiple optoelectronic devices.

Considering the instability and toxicity of 3D Pb-based perovskite nanocrystals, lead-free low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides have attracted widespread attention as potential substitutes. Herein, two new tin-based 0D halides [H 4 BAPP]SnBr 5 ·Br and [H 4 BAPP]SnCl 5 ·Cl·H 2 O (BAPP = 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine) were synthesized successfully based on [SnX 5 ] 3- as an emission center. Typically, [H 4 BAPP]SnBr 5 ·Br and [H 4 BAPP]SnCl 5 ·Cl·H 2 O display broadband yellow and yellow-green light emissions originating from the radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons (STEs). The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the two compounds were calculated to be 19.27% and 2.36%, respectively. Furthermore, the excellent chemical and thermal stability and broadband light emissions reveal their potential application in solid-state white lighting diodes.

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the potential benefits of Bacteroides fragilis 839 (BF839), a next-generation probiotics, in reducing myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemotherapy in breast cancer patient., Methods and Study Design: 40 women with early breast cancer were randomly assigned to the BF839 (n=20) or placebo (n=20) during the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (4 cycles of epirubicin 100mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2). Myelosuppression and gastrointestinal adverse effects were monitored in both groups., Results: Throughout the four treatment cycles, the percentage of patients experiencing myelosuppression was 42.5% in the BF839 group, significantly lower than the 66.3% observed in the control group (p=0.003). Two patients in the BF839 group and three patients in the placebo group received recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) due to leuko-penia/neutropenia. When considering an ITT analysis, which included all patients regardless of rhG-CSF treatment, the BF839 group exhibited less reduction from baseline in white blood cells (-0.31±1.19 vs -1.15±0.77, p=0.012) and neutrophils (0.06±1.00 vs -0.84±0.85, p=0.004) compared to the placebo group. The difference became even more significant when excluding the patients who received rhG-CSF injections. Throughout the four treatment cycles, compared to the placebo group, the BF839 group had significantly lower rates of 3-4 grade nausea (35.0% vs 71.3%, p=0.001), vomiting (20.0% vs 45.0%, p=0.001), and diarrhea (15.0% vs 30.0%, p=0.023)., Conclusions: These findings suggest that BF839 has the potential to effectively mitigate myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemotherapy in breast cancer patients., Competing Interests: All authors declare that they had no conflict of interest

Context and Objective: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is very common in women of reproductive age. However, it remains unclear whether pregnancy is associated with DTC progression before surgical treatment., Methods: This retrospective cohort study, conducted at the Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing, China between January 2012 and December 2022, included 311 eligible women aged 20 to 45 years. To control for potential confounders, we first used propensity score matching (PSM) to match the pregnant group (n = 48) with the nonpregnant group (n = 154) on age, tumor size, tumor type, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis status at baseline, and then used Cox proportional risk models stratified by the matched pairs to estimate the association of pregnancy with DTC progression., Results: After PSM, the pregnant and nonpregnant groups were well comparable at baseline (standardized difference < 10% and P > .05). Over an average observation period of 2.5 years, we observed no difference between the pregnant group and the matched nonpregnant group in DTC progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.65; P = .895), tumor enlargement-free survival (HR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.76; P = .969) or lymph node metastasis-free survival (LNM) (HR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.21 to 2.13; P = .498). The postoperative pathological characteristics also showed no significant difference between the pregnant and nonpregnant groups (P > .05)., Conclusion: Pregnancy seemed to be irrelevant to DTC progression-free survival before surgical treatment. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to translate this finding into clinical practice., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: This study aimed to establish a rat model that simulates benign esophageal strictures induced by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)., Materials and Methods: Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into mucosal resection (n = 8) and sham-operated groups (n = 8). The rats in the mucosal resection group underwent a 5-mm three-fourths mucosal resection by way of a 3-mm incision in the distal esophagus under direct visualization via laparotomy. Rats in the sham-operated group underwent a 3-mm incision of the muscularis propria layer in the distal esophagus via laparotomy without mucosal resection. Dysphagia score, weight gain, mucosal constriction rate, and histology were evaluated 2 weeks after surgery., Results: Technical success was achieved in all the animals. One rat in the mucosal resection group died of infection, and no other complications were observed. Weight gain (P < 0.001) and luminal diameter derived from the esophagograms (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the mucosal resection group than those in the sham-operated group. Dysphagia score (P < 0.001) and mucosal constriction rate (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the mucosal resection group than those in the sham-operated group. The inflammation grade (P = 0.002), damage to the muscularis propria (P < 0.001), number of nascent microvessels (P = 0.006), and degree of α-SMA positive deposition (P = 0.006) were significantly higher in the mucosal resection group., Conclusion: A rat model of benign esophageal stricture induced by ESD was successfully and safely established by mucosal resection., Competing Interests: All authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Luo et al.)

The increasing demands in optoelectronic applications have driven the advancement of organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIMHs), owing to their exceptional optical and scintillation properties. Among them, zero-dimensional (0D) low-toxic manganese-based scintillators have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional optical transparency and elevated photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), making them promising for colorful light-emitting diodes and X-ray imaging applications. In this study, two OIMH single crystals of (Br-PrTPP) 2 MnBr 4 (Br-PrTPP = (3-bromopropyl) triphenylphosphonium) and (Br-BuTPP) 2 MnBr 4 (Br-BuTPP = (4-bromobutyl) triphenylphosphonium) were prepared via a facile saturated crystallization method. Benefiting from the tetrahedrally coordinated [MnBr 4 ] 2- polyhedron, both of them exhibited strong green emissions peaked at 517 nm owing to the d-d electron transition of Mn 2+ with near-unity PLQYs of 99.33 and 86.85%, respectively. Moreover, benefiting from the high optical transparencies and remarkable luminescence properties, these manganese halides also exhibit excellent radioluminescent performance with the highest light yield of up to 68,000 photons MeV -1 , negligible afterglow (0.4 ms), and linear response to X-ray dose rate with the lowest detection limit of 45 nGy air s -1 . In X-ray imaging, the flexible film made by the composite of (Br-PrTPP) 2 MnBr 4 and PDMS shows an ultrahigh spatial resolution of 12.78 lp mm -1 , which provides a potential visualization tool for X-ray radiography.

Background: Minimal residual disease (MRD) is proposed to be responsible for tumor recurrence. The role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect MRD, monitor recurrence, and predict prognosis in liver cancer patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) remains unrevealed., Methods: Serial blood samples were collected to profile ctDNA mutational changes. Baseline ctDNA mutational profiles were compared with those of matched tumor tissues. Correlations between ctDNA status and recurrence rate (RR) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed, respectively. Dynamic change of ctDNA was monitored to predict tumor recurrence., Results: Baseline mutational profiles of ctDNA were highly concordant with those of tumor tissues (median, 89.85%; range 46.2-100%) in the 74 patients. Before LT, positive ctDNA status was associated with higher RR (31.7% vs 11.5%; p = 0.001) and shorter RFS than negative ctDNA status (17.8 vs 19.4 months; p = 0.019). After LT, the percentage of ctDNA positivity decreased (17.6% vs 47.0%; p < 0.001) and patients with positive ctDNA status had higher RR (46.2% vs 21.3%; p < 0.001) and shorter RFS (17.2 vs 19.2 months; p = 0.010). Serial ctDNA profiling demonstrated patients with decreased or constant negative ctDNA status had lower RR (33.3% vs 50.0%; p = 0.015) and favorable RFS (18.2 vs 15.0 months, p = 0.003) than those with increased or constant positive ctDNA status. Serial ctDNA profiling predicted recurrence months ahead of imaging evidence and serum tumor biomarkers., Conclusions: ctDNA could effectively detect MRD and predict tumor recurrence in liver cancer patients undergone LT., (© 2023. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver.)

Background: Studies have shown that fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) remains a significant problem in developing countries and plays a critical role in the onset and progression of respiratory illnesses. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in many pathophysiological processes,but their relationship to PM 2.5 pollution is largely unexplored., Objectives: To elucidate the functional role of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0000992 in PM 2.5 -induced inflammation in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) and to clarify whether the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism is involved in the interrelationships between hsa&#95;circ&#95;0000992 and hsa-miR-936 and the inflammatory signaling pathways., Methods: Detection of inflammatory factors in 16HBE cells exposed to PM 2.5 by RT-qPCR and ELISA.High throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis methods were used to screen circRNA.The bioinformatics analysis method western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter gene system were used to verify mechanisms associated with circRNA., Results: PM 2.5 cause inflammation in the 16HBE cells. High throughput sequencing and RT-qPCR result revealed that the expression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0000992 was markedly up-regulated in 16HBE exposed to PM 2.5 . The binding sites between hsa&#95;circ&#95;0000992 and hsa-miR-936 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter gene system.Western blotting and RT-qPCR showed that hsa&#95;circ&#95;0000992 can interact with hsa-miR-936 to regulate AKT serine/threonine kinase 3(AKT3),thereby activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and ultimately promoting the expression of interleukin (IL)- 1β and IL-8., Conclusion: PM 2.5 can induce the inflammatory response in 16HBE cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. The expression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0000992 increased when PM 2.5 stimulated 16HBE cells,and the circRNA could then regulate the inflammatory response.Hsa&#95;circ&#95;0000992 regulates the hsa-miR-936/AKT3 axis through the ceRNA mechanism,thereby activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,increasing the expression of cellular inflammatory factors,and promoting PM 2.5 -induced respiratory inflammation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient and a major limiting element for the ocean ecosystem. Since the preindustrial era, substantial amounts of nitrogen from terrestrial sources have entered the ocean via rivers, groundwater, and atmospheric deposition. China serves as a key hub in the global nitrogen cycle, but the pathways, sources, and potential mitigation strategies for land-ocean nitrogen transport are unclear. By combining the CHANS, WRF-Chem, and WNF models, we estimated that 8 million tonnes (Tg) of nitrogen was transferred into the ocean in 2017 in China, with atmospheric deposition contributing 1/3. About half variation of the offshore chlorophyll concentration was explained by atmospheric deposition. The Bohai Sea was the hot spot of nitrogen input, estimated at 214 kg N ha -1 , while other areas were around 25-51 kg N ha -1 . The largest contributors are agricultural systems (4 Tg, 55%), followed by domestic sewage (2 Tg, 21%). Abatement measures could reduce nitrogen export to the ocean by 43%, and mitigating ammonia and nitrogen oxide emissions accounts for 33% of this reduction, highlighting the importance of addressing air pollution in resolving ocean pollution. The cost-benefit analysis suggests the priority of nitrogen reduction in cropland and transport systems for the ocean environment.

Excessive induction of inflammatory and immune responses is widely considered as one of vital factors contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Neutrophils are well-studied members of inflammatory and immune cell family, contributing to the innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophil-released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in the regulation of various kinds of diseases, including CNS diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the biological features of NETs will be introduced. In addition, the role of NETs in several popular and well-studied CNS diseases including cerebral stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and neurological cancers will be described and discussed through the reviewing of previous related studies., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2024 Shao et al.)

Background: Multiple lifestyle-based childhood obesity interventions have been conducted to address childhood obesity, but individual's response to the universal intervention approach varied greatly. Whether gene variants related to children and adolescents' varied responses to obesity interventions remained unclear., Aims: To determine the associations of gene variants with the changes in obesity- and metabolism-related indicators after obesity interventions in children and adolescents., Methods: Ten databases and registers (including grey literature) were searched. The lifestyle-based obesity interventions in children and adolescents (≤18 years) that reported the changes in obesity- (body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), etc) and metabolism-related (glucose, cholesterol, etc) indicators by genotype after interventions were included. Our primary outcome was the mean difference of the changes in BMI Z-score by genotype after interventions, and secondary outcomes were changes in the remaining obesity- and metabolism-related indicators after interventions. We used the random-effects model to synthesize the results., Results: This review included 50 studies (15,354 children and adolescents with overweight/obesity) covering 102 genes and 174 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Approximately three-quarters of SNPs showed no evidence of association with the changes in obesity- or metabolic-related indicators after interventions. One quarter of SNPs were minorly associated with the changes in the BMI Z-score (median effect size: 0.001) with little clinical significance. Only 6 (12 %) studies focused on the accumulated effect of multiple gene variants., Conclusions: Gene variants that have been explored appear to play a minor role in lifestyle-based obesity interventions in children and adolescents. More high-quality studies based on the design of randomized controlled trials are needed to examine the accumulated effect of multiple gene variants in childhood obesity interventions., Prospero Registry Number: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022312177., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.)

Cropland encroachment on protected areas causes natural habitat loss, which may damage ecosystem functions and biodiversity conservation, leading to trade-offs between crop production and habitat conservation. Here we investigate the sustainable utilization and effects of cropland within protected areas, on which we make trade-offs with an established framework. Analyses show that 3.08 million hectares of cropland are identified within protected areas, about two-thirds less sustainable or less beneficial. 41 % and 26 % are expected to be retired for inferior sustainability and effects under the strictest and laxest habitat protection scenario, respectively. Although these retirements would cause a loss of crop benefits of 0.3-0.7 billion US dollars, they could bring ecological benefits of 2.9-3.6 billion US dollars annually. Approximately 11 % of cropland within protected areas is identified in poor agricultural conditions, and 19 % occupies areas of high protection importance, both of which are recommended for priority retirement. This study reveals the characteristics and impacts of cropland in protected areas and provides a quantified trade-off approach for conflicts between cropland and natural habitats, with important implications for production, conservation, and their trade-offs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides have emerged as highly efficient luminescent materials, but integrated multifunction in a structural platform remains a significant challenge. Herein, a new hybrid 0D indium halide of (Im-BDMPA)InCl 6 ·H 2 O was designed as a highly efficient luminescent emitter and X-ray scintillator toward multiple optoelectronic applications. Specifically, it displays strong broadband yellow light emission with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) through Sb 3+ doping, acting as a down-conversion phosphor to fabricate high-performance white light emitting diodes (WLEDs). Benefiting from the high PLQY and negligible self-absorption characteristics, this halide exhibits extraordinary X-ray scintillation performance with a high light yield of 55 320 photons per MeV, which represents a new scintillator in 0D hybrid indium halides. Further combined merits of a low detection limit (0.0853 μGy air s -1 ), ultra-high spatial resolution of 17.25 lp per mm and negligible afterglow time (0.48 ms) demonstrate its excellent application prospects in X-ray imaging. In addition, this 0D halide also exhibits reversible luminescence off-on switching toward tribromomethane (TBM) but fails in any other organic solvents with an ultra-low detection limit of 0.1 ppm, acting as a perfect real-time fluorescent probe to detect TBM with ultrahigh sensitivity, selectivity and repeatability. Therefore, this work highlights the multiple optoelectronic applications of 0D hybrid lead-free halides in white LEDs, X-ray scintillation, fluorescence sensors, etc., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Ischemic brain injury is a severe medical condition with high incidences in elderly people without effective treatment for the resulting neural damages. Using a unilateral mouse stroke model, we analyze single-cell transcriptomes of ipsilateral and contralateral cortical penumbra regions to objectively reveal molecular events with single-cell resolution at 4 h and 1, 3, and 7 days post-injury. Here, we report that neurons are among the first cells that sense the lack of blood supplies by elevated expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ). To our surprise, the canonical inflammatory cytokine gene targets for C/EBPβ, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), are subsequently induced also in neuronal cells. Neuronal-specific silencing of C/EBPβ or IL-1β and TNF-α substantially alleviates downstream inflammatory injury responses and is profoundly neural protective. Taken together, our findings reveal a neuronal inflammatory mechanism underlying early pathological triggers of ischemic brain injury., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The Spontaneous combustion problem poses a significant threat to the coal waste dumps after reclamation. Spontaneous combustion alters the soil environment and further affects vegetation growth. Therefore, it is essential to understand the response of vegetation and soil to spontaneous combustion for ensuring vegetation restoration. Here, taking the reclaimed plant type, Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa), as an indicator, this study carried out a field survey in a typical spontaneous combustion area (study area) of a coal waste dump after reclamation. A total of 41 soil and 70 vegetation sampling points were investigated in the field survey, including soil environmental factors (soil temperature, ST; soil water content, SWC; soil organic carbon, SOC; total nitrogen, TN; available phosphorus, AP; available potassium, AK; bulk density, BD; pH) and alfalfa growth indicator (above-ground biomass, AGB). The spatial variation of alfalfa AGB reached 69.9 %, and all soil environmental factors showed moderate variation (12.28-35.03 %) except for BD and pH. ST was found to have a strong explanatory ability on the variation of AGB in the entire study area (q = 0.62, p < 0.01), but the ability weakened with the improvement of the health grades of alfalfa (Grades A, B, C, and D). From Grade D to Grade A, the q-value gradually reduced from 0.71 (p < 0.01) to 0.05 (no significance). The interaction effects of soil environmental factors showed mostly bilinear and non-linear enhancement. In regions with severe vegetation degradation (Grade C and Grade D of alfalfa), the interaction of ST with BD, AP, AK, and TN played a dominant role in the spatial variation of alfalfa AGB (44.8-86.15 %). However, in the regions of Grade A and Grade B, the spatial variation of alfalfa AGB was mainly affected by the interaction effects of AK, TN, AP, and SOC (60.13-84.77 %). As a simple analysis method, Geodetector can help researchers to better understand the complex response mechanism of vegetation-soil under spontaneous combustion of coal waste dump. This study provides a theoretical reference for vegetation restoration of coal waste dumps., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Purpose: To investigate the thyroid parameters (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4)) and their relationship with inflammatory indicators (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR)) in euthyroid individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)., Patients and Methods: Our study included 672 participants diagnosed with T2DM, and 336 healthy individuals matched in terms of age and gender. The laboratory inspection data of both type 2 diabetic patients and healthy individuals as controls were analyzed separately., Results: Compared with a control group, the individuals with T2DM presented elevated levels of inflammatory indicators, including white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEUT), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR). The levels of TSH are elevated in the T2DM group, whereas the levels of FT3 or FT4 are reduced. TSH levels were significantly positively correlated with NLR or PLR, while the levels of FT3 and FT4 were significantly negatively correlated with NLR or PLR. Furthermore, thyroid parameters were correlated with gender, age, and blood lipid metabolism. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified gender, NLR, PLR, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as significant contributing factors for TSH. Additionally, gender, age, NLR, PLR, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and LDL were identified as contributing factors for FT3, while PLR and total cholesterol (TC) were identified as contributing factors for FT4., Conclusion: Abnormal metabolism of thyroid parameters is associated with increased inflammatory activity and impaired glycolipid metabolism in euthyroid type 2 diabetic patients., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest or personal relationships between the authors that could have influenced the study., (© 2023 Chen et al.)

Background: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is increasingly common in women of reproductive age. However, whether pregnancy increases the risk of DTC progression/recurrence after treatment remains controversial. The study aimed to assess the association of pregnancy with risk of progression in patients previously treated for DTC. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study following 123 pregnant women and 1376 nonpregnant women at Peking University Third Hospital after initial treatment for DTC between January 2012 and December 2022. To control the effect of confounding, we carefully matched pregnancy ( n  = 107) and nonpregnancy groups ( n  = 298) in terms of baseline characteristics by using propensity score matching (PSM). Results: At baseline, the pregnancy and nonpregnancy groups were balanced in all matched variables. At follow-up, the percentage of DTC progression in the two groups was 12 (11.8%) and 47 (15.8%), respectively. Regression models showed no evidence of association of pregnancy with the risk of progression (odds ratio: 0.74 and 95% confidence interval: 0.37-1.50; p  = 0.404), and remained consistent across long/short follow-up and other subgroup variables. We found that the shorter the time interval between treatment and pregnancy, the higher the risk of DTC progression ( p trend  = 0.019). Conclusions: The risk of DTC progression in pregnant women was not higher than that in the well-matched, nonpregnant women. For young women previously treated for DTC, disease progression might not be a concern for their future pregnancy plan, but it seems safer to wait at least 1 year before pregnancy compared with immediate pregnancy.

Background: A growing body of evidence has revealed an association between personality traits and obesity, but the findings regarding this association among children remain mixed. The aim of this review was to systematically summarize the literature regarding the associations between personality traits and childhood obesity., Methods: The study has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022306529). We searched a total of 8 databases up to July 1, 2023, to identify both published studies and grey literature written in English. Personality traits were classified into five dimensions based on the widely used Five-Factor Model. We conducted random effects meta-analyses to quantitatively synthesize the data. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies., Results: A total of 7 studies were included. The pooled correlation coefficient of 2 studies was -0.09 (95 % CI: -0.17 to 0.00; I 2  = 0 %) and the pooled standardized mean difference of 3 studies was -0.08 (95 % CI: -0.13 to -0.03; I 2  = 66 %), indicating that conscientiousness was negatively associated with childhood obesity. No consistent patterns were found in the associations between the other 4 dimensions of personality traits and BMI/obesity in children., Limitations: Our findings should be interpreted with caution due to the exclusion of non-English studies, the limited generalizability to Eastern population, and the scarcity body of evidence for present topic., Conclusions: Low conscientiousness has been found to be consistently associated with childhood obesity. Causal associations of personality traits with the risk of childhood obesity remain to be clarified in future studies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Halide perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) of 3D CsPbX 3 as a scintillator has aroused intensive attention with advanced applications in radiation detection and X-ray imaging. However, the low light yield and serious toxicity of Pb 2+ severely hinder advanced optoelectronic applications. To reduce these fatal shortcomings, a family of new environmentally friendly 0D hybrid lead-free indium halides of [DADPA]InX 6 ·H 2 O (DADPA = 3,3'-diaminodipropylamine; X = Cl and Br) was prepared. Upon UV excitation, these halides display strong broadband yellow-orange light emissions, and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) can be optimized up to near unity through the Sb 3+ -doping strategy. Significantly, high PLQY, negligible self-absorption and low attenuation ability toward X-ray render extraordinary scintillation performance with a high light yield of 51 875 photons MeV -1 and ultralow detection limit of 98.3 nGy air s -1 , which is far superior to typical 3D PNC scintillators. Additionally, the ultra-high spatial resolution of 25.15 lp mm -1 , negligible afterglow time (2.75 ms) and robust radiant stability demonstrates excellent X-ray imaging performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on X-ray scintillation based on 0D indium halide materials.

In order to analyze the axial compressive properties of ultra-high-toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC)-confined recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), a batch of UHTCC-confined RAC components was designed and manufactured according to the requirements of GB/T50081-2002 specifications. After analyzing the surface failure phenomenon, load-displacement curves, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and parameter analysis of the specimen, the result shows that UHTCC-confined RAC is an effective confinement method, which can effectively improve the mechanical properties and control the degree of surface failure of RAC structures. Compared with the unconfined specimen, the maximum peak load of the UHTCC confinement layer with a thickness of 10 mm and 20 mm increased by 44.61% and 79.27%, respectively, meeting the requirements of engineering practice. Different fiber mixing amounts have different effects on improving the mechanical performance of RAC structural. The specific rule was steel fiber (SF) > polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVAF) > polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PEF) > no fiber mixture, and the SF improves the axial compression properties of UHTCC most significantly. When there are strict requirements for improving the mechanical properties of the structure, SF should be added to UHTCC. On the contrary, PVAF should be added to UHTCC.

Objective: Comparison of clinical efficacy between transurethral holmium laser prostate enucleation (two-way rendezvous and trenching method) and transurethral plasma enucleation., Methods: A total of 483 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who were admitted to our hospital from December 2019 to December 2022 were randomly divided into an observation group (245 cases) and a control group (238 cases) using a random number table method. The observation group underwent transurethral holmium laser prostatectomy, while the control group underwent transurethral plasma prostatectomy,evaluate the efficacy of two surgical methods., Result: The IPSS symptom score, quality of life (QOL) score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), residual urine volume (PVR) and other indicators were significantly improved in both groups after 6 months of surgery compared to before (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in sexual function and retrograde ejaculation between the two groups of patients(P>0.05)., Conclusion: Both surgical methods have good surgical efficacy, but compared with prostate plasma resection, holmium laser prostatectomy can reduce intraoperative bleeding in patients with BPH, effectively shorten catheter retention time, patient hospitalization time, and postoperative bladder flushing time, resulting in higher quality of life and safety.

Lactate is not only an endpoint of glycolysis but is gradually being discovered to play the role of a universal metabolic fuel for energy via the 'lactate shuttle' moving between cells and transmitting signals. The glycolytic-dependent metabolism found in tumours and fast-growing cells has made lactate a pivotal player in energy metabolism reprogramming, which enables cells to obtain abundant energy in a short time. Moreover, lactate can provide favourable conditions for tumorigenesis by shaping the acidic tumour microenvironment, recruiting immune cells, etc. and the recently discovered lactate-induced lactylation moves even further on pro-tumorigenesis mechanisms of lactate production, circulation and utilization. As with other epigenetic modifications, lactylation can modify histone proteins to alter the spatial configuration of chromatin, affect DNA accessibility and regulate the expression of corresponding genes. What's more, the degree of lactylation is inseparable from the spatialized lactate concentration, which builds a bridge between epigenetics and metabolic reprogramming. Here, we review the important role of lactate in energy reprogramming, summarize the latest finding of lactylation in tumorigenesis and try to explore therapeutic strategies in oncotherapy that can kill two birds with one stone., (© 2023 The Authors. Cell Proliferation published by Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Exploring highly efficient blue-emissive lead-free halide materials is a significant and challenging objective in the study of luminescent materials. This study reports the synthesis of a new zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid zinc halide of [CYP]ZnBr 4 (CYP = 1-cyclohexylpiperazine) containing an isolated [ZnBr 4 ] 2- tetrahedron. [CYP]ZnBr 4 exhibits strong blue light emission with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 79.22%, surpassing all previously reported 0D zinc halide counterparts. According to the theoretical and experimental studies, the blue light emission is attributed to intrinsic self-trapped excitons resulting from strong electron-phonon coupling and structural deformation. Importantly, [CYP]ZnBr 4 demonstrates excellent structural and luminescence stability toward high temperatures (180 °C) over at least half a month. High luminescence efficiency and stability enable [CYP]ZnBr 4 to be an efficient blue phosphor to fabricate white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which produces high-quality white light with a color rendering index (CRI) of 93.1 and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5304 K, closely resembling natural sunlight. This white LED also exhibits consistent performance and stability across different drive currents, suggesting the potential for high-power optoelectronic applications. Overall, this study paves the way for the utilization of 0D hybrid halides in advanced solid-state lighting applications.

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) generally have some fatal defects, such as poor compatibility between the two phases leading to non-selective pores. In this work, PIM-1 was chosen as the polymer matrix, and UiO-66 modified with amidoxime (UiO-66-AO) was used as the filler to prepare the MMMs. In the MMMs, the amino and hydroxyl groups on UO-66-AO form a rich hydrogen bond network with the N and O atoms in the polymer PIM-1 chain to improve the compatibility between the polymer matrix and the filler. In addition, the selective adsorption of CO 2 by the amidoxime group can promote the transport of CO 2 in the membrane, which enhances the gas selectivity. The CO 2 permeability and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity of UiO-66-AO@PIM-1 MMMs are increased by 35.2% and 45.2% compared to pure PIM-1 membranes, reaching 7535.5 Barrer and 26.9, surpassing the Robeson Upper Bound (2008) and close to the 2019 Upper Bound. After 38 days of the aging experiment, the CO 2 permeability is approximately 74% of the original. The results show that the addition of UiO-66-AO has an obvious effect on improving the aging properties of the membrane. The UiO-66-AO@PIM-1 MMMs have a bright prospect for CO 2 separation in the future.

Objective: Exploring the clinical efficacy, safety, and surgical techniques of two-way rendezvous and trenching method for transurethral holmium laser prostatectomy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia., Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical data on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative follow-up of 326 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent two-way rendezvous and trenching method of transurethral holmium laser prostatectomy at the Urology Department of Wujin People's Hospital in Changzhou City from January 2020 to January 2023., Results: Compared with preoperative measures, IPSS symptom score, quality of life (QoL) score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), and residual urine volume (PVR) were significantly improved at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (P<0.05). Thirty two patients with normal and regular sexual life pre-operation were observed. There were no significant changes in their IIEF-5 score and Erectile Hardness Scale (EHGS) score after surgery compared with pre-operation (P<0.05). There were 9 patients (28.12%) with retrograde ejaculation after surgery., Conclusion: The two-way rendezvous and trenching method of transurethral holmium laser prostatectomy is a safe and effective method for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, with precise results, high safety, minimal trauma, and fast postoperative recovery.

The ecological restoration and protection of territorial space is a systematic project for the protection and restoration of ecosystems damaged or degraded by human disturbance. Effectiveness evaluation is of great significance to the optimization, adjustment, and sustainability of ecological restoration and protection. Current research and practices tend to focus on a single element and the site scale. Based on the study on the connotation of ecological restoration and protection of territorial space and the multi-scale characteristics of ecosystems, we constructed a multi-scale effectiveness evaluation system for ecological restoration and protection of territorial space and a full-cycle monitoring system for effectiveness evaluation. The multi-scale effectiveness evaluation system consisted of the regional/watershed scale, the protection and restoration unit scale, and the sub-project scale. The full-cycle monitoring system contained the basic information investigation system before construction, the construction monitoring system during construction, and the multi-scale effectiveness evaluation system after construction. At the regional/watershed scale, structure, quality, and services of ecosystem were concerned and remote sensing was used as the main method to capture data. At the protection and restoration unit scale, ecological stress factors, ecosystem quality and services were concerned, and the main methods were remote sensing combined with field survey. At the sub-project scale, engineering technology measures were concerned and the field survey was used as the main method. In the implementation of the multi-scale effectiveness evaluation, it would be necessary to focus on and solve the key issues including the spillover effect, transmission mechanism, and potential impact of ecological restoration.

Patients with age-related hearing loss face hearing difficulties in daily life. The causes of age-related hearing loss are complex and include changes in peripheral hearing, central processing, and cognitive-related abilities. Furthermore, the factors by which aging relates to hearing loss via changes in auditory processing ability are still unclear. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 27 older adults (over 60 years old) with age-related hearing loss, 21 older adults (over 60 years old) with normal hearing, and 30 younger subjects (18-30 years old) with normal hearing. We used the outcome of the upper-threshold test, including the time-compressed threshold and the speech recognition threshold in noisy conditions, as a behavioral indicator of auditory processing ability. We also used electroencephalography to identify presbycusis-related abnormalities in the brain while the participants were in a spontaneous resting state. The time-compressed threshold and speech recognition threshold data indicated significant differences among the groups. In patients with age-related hearing loss, information masking (babble noise) had a greater effect than energy masking (speech-shaped noise) on processing difficulties. In terms of resting-state electroencephalography signals, we observed enhanced frontal lobe (Brodmann's area, BA11) activation in the older adults with normal hearing compared with the younger participants with normal hearing, and greater activation in the parietal (BA7) and occipital (BA19) lobes in the individuals with age-related hearing loss compared with the younger adults. Our functional connection analysis suggested that compared with younger people, the older adults with normal hearing exhibited enhanced connections among networks, including the default mode network, sensorimotor network, cingulo-opercular network, occipital network, and frontoparietal network. These results suggest that both normal aging and the development of age-related hearing loss have a negative effect on advanced auditory processing capabilities and that hearing loss accelerates the decline in speech comprehension, especially in speech competition situations. Older adults with normal hearing may have increased compensatory attentional resource recruitment represented by the top-down active listening mechanism, while those with age-related hearing loss exhibit decompensation of network connections involving multisensory integration., Competing Interests: None

Herein, we for the first time report a reversible conversion between green-emissive [DMPZ]MnCl 4 and red-emissive [DMPZ] 4 (MnCl 6 )(MnCl 4 ) 2· (H 2 O) 2 (DMPZ = 1,4-dimethylpiperazine) using kinetic and thermodynamic controlling strategies. Significantly, the synchronous structural and emission transformations in single-component organic manganese halides with adjustable emission colors are highlighted.

Autophagy-lysosome system plays a variety of roles in human cancers. In addition to being implicated in metabolism, it is also involved in tumor immunity, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, vascular proliferation, and promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Transcriptional factor EB (TFEB) is a major regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal system. With the in-depth studies on TFEB, researchers have found that it promotes various cancer phenotypes by regulating the autophagolysosomal system, and even in an autophagy-independent way. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about TFEB in various types of cancer (melanoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer and lung cancer), and shed some light on the mechanisms by which it may serve as a potential target for cancer treatment., (© 2023. The Author(s).)