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Stinels are a novel class of N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) positive allosteric modulators. We explored mechanism of action and NR2 subtype specificity of the stinel zelquistinel (ZEL) in HEK 293 cells expressing recombinant NMDARs. ZEL potently enhanced NMDAR current at NR2A (EC50 = 9.9 ± 0.5 nM) and NR2C-containing (EC50 = 9.7 ± 0.6 nM) NMDARs, with a larger ceiling enhancement at NR2B-NMDAR (EC50 = 35.0 ± 0.7 nM), while not affecting NR2D-containing NMDARs. In cells expressing NR2A and NR2C-containing NMDARs, ZEL exhibited an inverted-U dose-response relation, with a low concentration enhancement and high concentration suppression of NMDAR currents. Extracellular application of ZEL potentiated NMDAR receptor activity via prolongation of NMDAR currents. Replacing the slow Ca 2+ intracellular chelator EGTA with the fast chelator BAPTA blocked ZEL potentiation of NMDARs, suggesting an action on intracellular Ca 2+ -calmodulin-dependent inactivation (CDI). Consistent with this mechanism of action, removal of the NR1 intracellular C-terminus, or intracellular infusion of a calmodulin blocking peptide, blocked ZEL potentiation of NMDAR current. In contrast, BAPTA did not prevent high-dose suppression of current, indicating this effect has a different mechanism of action. These data indicate ZEL is a novel positive allosteric modulator that binds extracellularly and acts through a unique long-distance mechanism to reduce NMDAR CDI, eliciting enhancement of NMDAR current. The critical role that NMDARs play in long-term, activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, learning, memory and cognition, suggests dysregulation of CDI may contribute to psychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia and others, and that the stinel class of drugs can restore NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity by reducing activity-dependent CDI., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Patric K. Stanton, PhD reports financial support was provided by Gate Neurosciences Inc. Jeffrey S. Burgdorf, PhD reports financial support was provided by Gate Neurosciences Inc. John E. Donello, PhD reports financial support was provided by Gate Neurosciences Inc. Nils Berglund, PhD reports financial support was provided by Gate Neurosciences Inc. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To construct and apply a risk screening and intervention system for malnutrition in peritoneal dialysis patients based on the Omaha System., Materials and Methods: A total of 75 peritoneal dialysis patients were randomly divided into control (38 cases) and intervention group (37 cases). The control group received routine operation training and health education, and the intervention group implemented a nutritional management plan based on the Omaha System. The modified quantitative subjective comprehensive nutritional scale (MQSGA) score, kidney disease dietary compliance attitude (RAAQ) and behavior (RABQ) score, body mass index (BMI), serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), and hemoglobin (Hb) were observed., Results: Before intervention, there was no significant difference in these indicators between the two groups (p > 0.05). After 6 months, the MQSGA score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). RAAQ score and RABQ score in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group and (p < 0.05), and the nutritional indicators in the intervention group, such as BMI, ALB, PA, and Hb, were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: A nutritional management plan based on the Omaha System can help improve the nutrition condition of peritoneal dialysis patients, and improve the dietary compliance of chronic kidney disease patients.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic utility of clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in distinguishing between histological grading and isocitrate dehydrogenase ( IDH ) classification in adult diffuse gliomas., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 247 patients diagnosed with adult diffuse glioma. Experienced radiologists evaluated DWI and MRS images. The Kruskal-Wallis test examined differences in DWI and MRS-related parameters across histological grades, while the Mann-Whitney U test assessed molecular classification. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated parameter effectiveness. Survival curves, stratified by histological grade and IDH classification, were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier test., Results: The cohort comprised 141 males and 106 females, with ages ranging from 19 to 85 years. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in ADC mean, Cho/NAA, and Cho/Cr concerning glioma histological grade ( P  < .01). Subsequent application of Dunn's test showed significant differences in ADC mean among each histological grade ( P  < .01). Notably, Cho/NAA exhibited a marked distinction between grade 2 and grade 3/4 gliomas ( P  < .01). The Mann-Whitney U test indicated that only ADC mean showed statistical significance for IDH molecular classification ( P  < .01). ROC curves were constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the specified parameters. Survival curves were also delineated to portray survival outcomes categorized by histological grade and IDH classification. Conclusions: Clinical MRS demonstrates efficacy in glioma histological grading but faces challenges in IDH classification. Clinical DWI's ADC mean parameter shows significant distinctions in both histological grade and IDH classification., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Microbial-induced oil degradation (MIOD) has a wide range of applications, such as microbial enhanced oil recovery and bioremediation of oil pollution. However, our understanding of MIOD is still far from complete. Particularly, how is the dynamics of degradation process at the microscale level with a single-cell resolution remains to be disclosed. In this work, using hexadecane droplets in water as a model system, we have studied the dynamics of hexadecane degradation by different strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, IMP68, O-2-2, and Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b, at the microscale. Based on visualization of MIOD, the dynamics of MIOD can be characterized by a three-stage process, including adhesion, adaptation, and degradation stages. Although different strains showed similar three-stage dynamics of MIOD, the effective degradation rate varied and followed an order of PAO1 > O-2-2 > IMP68 > DQ12-45-1b under aerobic conditions. Different oxygen conditions were also tested, and the dynamics of MIOD was slowed down under anaerobic conditions in comparison to under aerobic conditions. Further investigations at the degradation stage revealed that biofilms formed at the oil-water interface enhanced oil degradation, but a prerequisite for such enhanced degradation is proper stimulation of biofilm cells in the course of biofilm formation. The findings in this work provided a detailed picture on the dynamics of MIOD at the microscale and would be beneficial for better applications of MIOD.IMPORTANCEMicrobial-induced oil degradation is environmental friendly and economic and has become a promising technique in the fields of enhanced oil recovery and remediation of crude oil-polluted environments. For better applications of microbial-induced oil degradation, understanding the degradation dynamics particularly at the microscale is crucial. In this study, we investigated the degradation dynamics of hexadecane oil droplets incubated with different strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, O-2-2, IMP68, and Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b at the microscale by employing microdroplet-based methods and bacterial tracking techniques. The findings in this study provided a detailed picture on the dynamics of microbial-induced oil degradation at the microscale, which will deepen our understandings on the biodegradation mechanisms of alkanes and shed insights for developing more effective biodegradation techniques.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume-rhizobia serves as a sustainable source of nitrogen (N) in agriculture. However, the addition of inorganic N fertilizers significantly inhibits SNF, and the underlying mechanisms remain not-well understood. Here, we report that inorganic N disrupts iron (Fe) homeostasis in soybean nodules, leading to a decrease in SNF efficiency. This disruption is attributed to the inhibition of the Fe transporter genes Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 2a and 2b (GmNRAMP2a&2b) by inorganic N. GmNRAMP2a&2b are predominantly localized at the tonoplast of uninfected nodule tissues, affecting Fe transfer to infected cells and consequently, modulating SNF efficiency. In addition, we identified a pair of N-signal regulators, nitrogen-regulated GARP-type transcription factors 1a and 1b (GmNIGT1a&1b), that negatively regulate the expression of GmNRAMP2a&2b, which establishes a link between N signaling and Fe homeostasis in nodules. Our findings reveal a plausible mechanism by which soybean adjusts SNF efficiency through Fe allocation in response to fluctuating inorganic N conditions, offering valuable insights for optimizing N and Fe management in legume-based agricultural systems., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: To investigate the effects of sleep quality, sleep deprivation, and napping on facial emotion recognition (FER) accuracy and speed., Methods: This research included a cross-sectional study (102 qualified participants) and a randomized controlled study (26 in the napping group and 24 in the control group). The stimuli for the FER task were obtained from the Chinese Facial Affective Picture System (CFAPS). Four facial expressions (fearful, disgusted, sad, and angry) were used. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Self-Rating Depression Scale were used to measure participants' sleep quality and psychological conditions. In Study 1, FER ability was compared between good and poor sleepers. In Study 2, all participants were sleep-deprived for one night, and completed the FER task before and after sleep deprivation. After different interventions (ie, napping for one hour, or walking around for ten minutes), the participants completed the third FER task., Results: Study 1: Poor sleepers were able to recognize sad expressions more accurately compared with good sleepers. Study 2: 30-h sleep deprivation had no significant effect on the accuracy (ACC). Napping after sleep deprivation improved the FER ACC of upper-face expressions and marginally significantly improved the FER ACC of disgusted expressions., Conclusion: Better sleep quality was linked to lower FER accuracy, particularly in recognizing sad expressions, while no significant differences in recognition speed were observed. Additionally, 30 hours of sleep deprivation did not affect FER accuracy, but napping after sleep deprivation improved accuracy for upper-face and marginally for disgusted expressions., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Huang et al.)

Background: The post COVID-19 health condition of Chinese residents infected with Omicron is not clear after the change of epidemic prevention policies. This study aimed to clarify the epidemiology and associated factors about health status of rehabilitation patients., Methods: A quick questionnaire study based on C19-YRSm was conducted in mainland China through internet from May 1, 2023, to May 7, 2023. Chinese native speakers infected with Omicron variant agreed to participate were included. Persisting symptom and living habits were simultaneously inquired. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associated factors., Results: In this study 753 individuals were included. Of whom 57.90% were males, 89.38% did not seek medical service, 99.47% recovered within less than 120 days. Breathlessness (47.68%), cognitive impairment (44.89%), Anxiety/mood changes (33.20%), pain/discomfort (32.94%), fatigue or tiredness not improved by rest (32.27%) and post-exertional malaise (30.01%) were the top reported key symptoms. Less than 10% respondents reported functional limitations. The prevalence of fever was reported greater than that of other symptoms, with dry eyes at 14.87%, appetite change at 14.34%, and hair loss at 12.22%. Middle age (OR: 2.353, 95%CI: 1.171 ~ 4.729), underlying diseases (OR: 2.293, 95%CI: 1.216 ~ 4.324), severe key symptom (OR: 6.168, 95%CI: 1.376 ~ 27.642) and at least one other symptom (OR: 1.847, 95%CI: 1.225 ~ 2.718)during the recovery were the risk factors of poor overall health after infection (current overall health score <8; 74.10%), while daily exercise in recovery period (OR: 0.457, 95%CI: 0.229 ~ 0.913), a low-fat diet (OR: 0.600, 95%CI: 0.401 ~ 0.898) and the recovery time from 2 to 4 months (OR: 0.639, 95%CI: 0.445 ~ 0.918) were the protective factors., Conclusion: This is the first time to use the C19-YRSm scale to evaluate the health status in China. The study revealed prevalence of persistent symptoms within 120 days after Omicron onset., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Ellagic acid (EA) contributes to the immunity and anti-oxidant function of body, whereas there are few reports about its effect on the intestinal health and growth performance of broiler chickens. Hence, the present study was arranged to investigate the effect of dietary supplementary with EA on the intestinal barrier function and flora structure of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88 (E. coli K88). A total of 216 healthy 1-day-old, Ross 308 broilers with uniform weight were randomly assigned into three treatment groups, six replicates in each group and twelve birds in each replicate. Broilers in the control (CTR) group and E. coli K88 infected group (ETEC) were fed with the basic diet, and 200 mg/kg EA was supplemented into the diet of the E. coli K88 infected group treated with EA (EAETEC). The animal trial had lasted for 42 days, and the outcomes showed that the ADG and ADFI during the animal trial, the jejunal villi height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) tended to be decreased with E. coli K88 treated (P< 0.05). Additionally, the level of serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated, the activity of intestinal total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the mRNA levels in jejunal claudin-1 and occludin were down-regulated with E. coli K88 treated as well as the transcription levels of ileal Mucin-2, aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) and Na + /H + exchanger proteins-3 (NHE-3) (P< 0.05). In addition, E. coli K88 down-regulated the α-diversity index of cecal flora, the ratio of Bacteroidota to Firmicutes and the relative abundance of Barnesiella were up-regulated and it of Alistipes was descended with E. coli K88 treated (P< 0.05). Beyond that, the content of propionic acid in the cecal chyme was decreased and the amino acid metabolic pathways were inhibited with E. coli K88 challenged (P< 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between the relative abundance of Alistipes and the levels of butyric acid in the caecal chyme and the activity of GSH-Px in the intestine (P< 0.05). Interestingly, dietary supplementary with EA could reshape the intestinal flora structure and alleviate the above negative effects of E. coli K88 on broiler chickens. In conclusion, dietary supplementary with ellagic acid improved the intestinal barrier function and flora structure of broiler chickens challenged with E. coli K88., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Relatives of patients with mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression experience significant levels of anxiety. Accurately predicting their anxiety levels is crucial for the development of effective anti-anxiety interventions aimed at mitigating associated adverse outcomes., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 238 relatives of patients with mental illness were recruited, and their responses were collected using the generalised anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) and simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ) scales. One-way analysis of variance and t-test were used to assess the mean scores of GAD-7 and SCSQ among relatives with varying characteristics. Pearson's correlations were used to examine the correlation between anxiety levels and coping style. Multi-level regression analyses were used to identify the impact of the independent variables on anxiety., Results: Among all relatives of patients with mental illness who participated in this survey, 238 completed the questionnaire. Females exhibited a higher mean GAD-7 score (9.72 ± 0.25) compared to males. Among participants aged 18-25 years, the GAD-7 (8.12 ± 0.17) score was the highest. Additionally, relatives of patients experiencing their first episode or with a disease duration of < 1 year, as well as relatives of patients with schizophrenia and depression, displayed higher GAD-7 scores. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between anxiety and SCSQ (negative coping styles) (r = 0.476, p < 0.01). Multi-level regression analyses demonstrated that demographic variables (R 2  = 0.474, F = 21.402, p < 0.01) and SCSQ (R 2 change = 0.638, F = 37.526, p < 0.01) were significantly and positively associated with anxiety among relatives of patients with mental illness., Conclusions: Most relatives of patients with mental illness experience varying levels of anxiety, which are influenced by their coping styles., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: This study aims to compare the risks of different antipsychotics in causing hyperprolactinemia, taking into account the age, gender, and onset time., Materials and Methods: We searched the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from January 1, 2004, to March 31, 2022, for reports of hyperprolactinemia treated with antipsychotics. We evaluated the association between antipsychotics and the risk of hyperprolactinemia using reporting odds ratio (ROR) based on a disproportionality analysis. Moreover, information regarding age, gender, countries, and onset time was collected., Results: We found 4,430 reports of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia involving 13 different antipsychotics. From highest to lowest ROR value, the top five antipsychotics were as follows: risperidone (ROR = 631.0611; 95% CI: 592.7329, 671.8677) > amisulpride (ROR = 59.4425; 95% CI: 19.0668, 185.317) > paliperidone (ROR = 31.9885, 95% CI: 27.912, 36.6604) > fluphenazine (ROR = 15.6026; 95% CI: 5.0236, 48.4595) > haloperidol (ROR = 14.3861; 95% CI: 11.173, 18.5231). Except for three drugs (risperidone, haloperidol, and amisulpride), women outnumbered men in cases of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia. The age range was 13 - 64 years old, with the most being 19 - 44 years old, followed by 45 - 64 years old, and there were fewer elderly patients. From longest to shortest, the median onset time of these antipsychotics was as follows: cariprazine (305 days) > risperidone (304 days) > quetiapine (276 days) > haloperidol (183 days) > ziprasidone (54 days) > lurasidone (44.5 days) > olanzapine (41 days) > asenapine (15.5 days) > paliperidone (15 days) > aripiprazole (12 days) > clozapine (6 days)., Conclusion: Risperidone had the greatest risk of increasing prolactin, whereas clozapine had the lowest. Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia was more common in women and middle-aged patients. Clozapine had the shortest onset time in raising prolactin, whereas cariprazine had the longest.

Producing a high-performance sludge biochar through a feasible method is a great challenge and is crucial for practicability. Herein, we reported a highly porous sludge biochar synthesized from agrochemical-pharmaceutical and municipal sludge blends through a novel pyrolysis-acid treatment-post pyrolysis method. The optimized biochar named ASMS91 obtained interconnected pores with a total pore volume of 0.894 cm 3 /g and a surface area of 691.4 m 2 /g through extended acid wash and subsequent post-pyrolysis, which is superior to non-activated sludge biochar. ASMS91 removed 45.3 % of wastewater COD (156 mg/L) in 24 h, which was rapid and higher performance than commercial activated carbon (1000 iodine number). This outstanding performance is due to its high adsorption ability of long-chain aliphatic compounds (e.g., 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, neophytadiene and eicosane) into mesopores, which accounts for 71.8 % of pore filling. ASMS91 was highly recyclable, and adsorption was reduced by only 5.3 % after the 4th cycle. It also outperformed other sludge biochar in literature in removing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), sulfamethoxazole, methylene blue, and methylene orange. Finally, the feasibility of our proposed method was validated by a brief techno-economic analysis. This feasible approach may support future research regarding sludge valorization and low-cost chemical wastewater treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Two new carbazole alkaloids clauemarazole H ( 1 ) and clauemarazole I ( 2 ) were isolated from the stems of Clausena emarginata C. C. Huang. Their structures were confirmed by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configurations were determined based on ECD experiments. The two compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced damage in PC12 cells but did not exhibit any significant activity.

Background Coronary CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) has been used in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD); however, whether it decreases invasive coronary angiography (ICA) use and affects prognosis remains insufficiently evidenced. Purpose To explore the effectiveness of adding CT-FFR to routine coronary CT angiography (CCTA) on short-term ICA rate and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a Chinese setting. Materials and Methods A multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted in 17 Chinese centers, with patient inclusion from May 2021 to September 2021. Eligible individuals with 25%-99% stenosis at CCTA were randomly assigned 1:1 to a strategy of CCTA plus automated CT-FFR or CCTA alone for guiding downstream care. The primary end point was the ICA rate 90 days after enrollment. Secondary end points included 90-day and 1-year MACE rates (comprised of all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization) and 1-year cardiac events (comprised of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization). The Cox proportional hazards model with center effect adjustment was used for survival comparisons. Results A total of 5297 participants (mean age, 63.5 years ± 10.8 [SD]; 3178 male) were included. During the 90-day follow-up, ICA was performed in 263 of 2633 participants (10.0%) in the CCTA plus CT-FFR group and 327 of 2640 participants (12.4%) in the CCTA-alone group (absolute rate difference: -2.40%; 95% CI: -4.10, -0.70; P = .006). The MACE rates at 90 days (0.5% [12 of 2633 participants] vs 0.8% [21 of 2640 participants]; P = .12) and 1 year (2.9% [74 of 2546 participants] vs 2.8% [72 of 2531 participants]; P = .90) were similar for both groups. At 1-year follow-up, fewer cardiac events were observed in the CCTA plus CT-FFR group compared with the CCTA-alone group (0.5% vs 1.1%; adjusted hazard ratio: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.99; P = .047). Conclusion CT-FFR added to CCTA led to a lower 90-day ICA rate and similar 1-year MACE rate in a Chinese real-world setting. Further follow-up is warranted to demonstrate the long-term prognostic value of this management approach. © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Pundziute-do Prado in this issue.

With the advances in bulk Mg 3 Bi 2 , there is increasing interest in pursuing whether Mg 3 Bi 2 can be fabricated into flexible thin films for wearable electronics to expand the practical applications. However, the development of fabrication processes for flexible Mg 3 Bi 2 thin films and the effective enhancement of their thermoelectric performance remain underexplored. Here, magnetron sputtering and ex-situ annealing techniques is used to fabricate flexible Mg 3 Bi 2 thermoelectric thin films with a power factor of up to 1.59 µW cm -1 K -2 at 60 °C, ranking as the top value among all reported n-type Mg 3 Bi 2 thin films. Extensive characterizations show that ex-situ annealing, and optimized sputtering processes allow precise control over film thickness. These techniques ensure high adhesion of the films to various substrates, resulting in excellent flexibility, with <10% performance degradation after 500 bending cycles with a radius of 5 mm. Furthermore, for the first time, flexible thermoelectric devices are fabricated with both p-type and n-type Mg 3 Bi 2 legs, which achieve an output power of 0.17 nW and a power density of 1.67 µW cm -2 at a very low temperature difference of 2.5 °C, highlighting the practical application potential of the device., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Objectives: To investigate whether high concentration iodinated contrast media (CM), compared with low concentration CM, could reduce pain and discomfort levels in patients who had level II and III venous conditions., Methods: This prospective, single-center study enrolled patients who had level II and III venous conditions and underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan between July 2021 and February 2022. The venous condition to establish peripheral venous access for CM injection was graded using the Intravenous Access Scoring system, of which level II and III indicated poor venous condition and difficult venous access. Patients received iomeprol 400 in high concentration group and ioversol 320 in low group at an identical iodine delivery rate of 1.12 gI/s. The primary outcomes were pain and comfort levels. The secondary outcomes included adverse events and image quality. Patients rated pain intensity via Numerical Rating Scale and comfort level via Visual Analogue Scale with higher scores indicating higher levels of pain and discomfort. Quantitative and qualitative image assessment were compared between two groups. Continuous variables were compared using Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared using χ 2 test, χ 2 test for trend or Fisher's exact test., Results: A total of 206 patients (mean age, 60.13 ± 12.14 years; 81 males) were included with 99 in the high concentration group and 107 in the low concentration group. The high group had significantly lower pain scores (median 1 [IQR: 0-2] vs 2 (IQR 2-4), p < 0.001) and comfort scores (1 [IQR: 0-3] vs 3 [IQR: 2-5], p < 0.001) than the low group. Incidence of CM extravasation did not significantly differ (1.0 % vs 4.5 %, p = 0.214). No hypersensitivity reaction was observed. Qualitative assessment showed higher clarity scores of intrahepatic hepatic artery and portal vein in the high group. Quantitative assessment results were comparable between two groups., Conclusion: High concentration iodinated CM could lower pain intensity and improve comfort levels without comprising image quality of CT scan. High concentration CM is a preferable choice in patients with poor venous conditions during contrast-enhanced CT scan., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Crouzon syndrome (CS), a syndromic craniosynostosis, is a craniofacial developmental deformity caused by mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Previous CS mouse models constructed using traditional gene editing techniques faced issues such as low targeting efficiency, extended lineage cycles, and inconsistent and unstable phenotypes. In this study, a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated strategy was employed to induce a functional augmentation of the Fgfr2 point mutation in mice. Various techniques, including bone staining, micro-CT, histological methods, and behavioral experiments, were employed to systematically examine and corroborate phenotypic disparities between mutant mice (Fgfr2 C361Y/+ ) and their wild-type littermates. Confirmed via PCR-Sanger sequencing, we successfully induced the p.Cys361Tyr missense mutation in the Fgfr2 IIIc isoform of the extracellular domain (corresponding to the p.Cys342Tyr mutation in humans) based on Fgfr2-215 transcript (ENSMUST00000122054.8). Fgfr2 C361Y/+ mice exhibited characteristics consistent with the phenotypic features associated with CS, including skull-vault craniosynostosis, skull deformity, shallow orbits accompanied by exophthalmos, midface hypoplasia with malocclusion, and shortened skull base, notably without any apparent limb defects. Furthermore, mutant mice displayed behavioral abnormalities encompassing deficits in learning and memory, social interaction, and motor dysfunction, without anxiety-related disorders. Histopathological examination of the hippocampal region revealed structural abnormalities, suggesting possible brain development impairment secondary to craniosynostosis. In conclusion, we constructed a novel gene-edited Fgfr2 C361Y/+ mice strain based on CRISPR/Cas9, which displayed skull and behavioral abnormalities, serving as a new model for studying genetic molecular mechanisms and exploring treatments for CS. KEY MESSAGES: CRISPR/Cas9 crafted a Crouzon model by enhancing Fgfr2-C361Y in mice. Fgfr2 C361Y/+ mice replicate CS phenotypes-craniosynostosis and midface anomalies. Mutant mice show diverse behavioral abnormalities, impacting learning and memory. Fgfr2 C361Y/+ mice offer a novel model for cranial suture studies and therapeutic exploration., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Ag 2 Se shows significant potential for near-room-temperature thermoelectric applications, but its performance and device design are still evolving. In this work, we design a novel flexible Ag 2 Se thin-film-based thermoelectric device with optimized electrode materials and structure, achieving a high output power density of over 65 W m -2 and a normalized power density up to 3.68 μW cm -2 K -2 at a temperature difference of 42 K. By fine-tuning vapor selenization time, we strengthen the (013) orientation and carrier mobility of Ag 2 Se films, reducing excessive Ag interstitials and achieving a power factor of over 29 μW cm -1 K -2 at 393 K. A protective layer boosts flexibility of the thin film, retaining 90% performance after 1000 bends at 60°. Coupled with p-type Sb 2 Te 3 thin films and rational simulations, the device shows rapid human motion response and precise servo motor control, highlighting the potential of high-performance Ag 2 Se thin films in advanced applications., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Due to its inherent ductility, Ag 2 S shows promise as a flexible thermoelectric material for harnessing waste heat from diverse sources. However, its thermoelectric performance remains subpar, and existing enhancement strategies often compromise its ductility. In this study, a novel Sn-doping-induced biphasic structuring approach is introduced to synergistically control electron and phonon transport. Specifically, Sn-doping is incorporated into Ag 2 S 0.7 Se 0.3 to form a biphasic composition comprising (Ag, Sn) 2 S 0.7 Se 0.3 as the primary phase and Ag 2 S 0.7 Se 0.3 as the secondary phase. This biphasic configuration achieves a competitive figure-of-merit ZT of 0.42 at 343 K while retaining exceptional ductility, exceeding 90%. The dominant (Ag, Sn) 2 S 0.7 Se 0.3 phase bolsters the initially low carrier concentration, with interfacial boundaries between the phases effectively mitigating carrier scattering and promoting carrier mobility. Consequently, the optimized power factor reaches 5 µW cm -1 K -2 at 343 K. Additionally, the formation of the biphasic structure induces diverse micro/nano defects, suppressing lattice thermal conductivity to a commendable 0.18 W m -1  K -1 , thereby achieving optimized thermoelectric performance. As a result, a four-leg in-plane flexible thermoelectric device is fabricated, exhibiting a maximum power density of ≈49 µW cm -2 under the temperature difference of 30 K, much higher than that of organic-based flexible thermoelectric devices., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Objective: Advanced maternal age and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) are challenges in infertile patients for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). This study aimed to investigate the pregnancy outcomes of women with advanced age and DOR undergoing low-quality embryo transfers., Case Report: We report a rare case of successful pregnancy resulting from a zero pronuclei (0PN)-derived four-cell embryo transfer on day 4 (D4). An advanced age patient with DOR underwent five unsuccessful embryo transfers. A successful outcome was achieved when the patient underwent a hormone replacement FET cycle and received 0PN-derived four-cell frozen-thawed cleavage embryo transfer on D4. Fourteen days after the transfer, her serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin level was 575.3 mIU/mL. Subsequent prenatal examinations were normal, and the patient delivered a full-term healthy baby girl by caesarean section. Achieving a successful pregnancy after 0PN-derived four-cell frozen-thawed embryo transfer on D4 is rare. This increasingly exhibits significance for advanced age patients with DOR., Conclusion: Selectively transferring embryos with slow growth but low fragments and no evident damage is beneficial for advanced age patients with DOR. For these individuals, obtaining embryos is challenging. Therefore, a personalized embryo transfer strategy should be considered to increase the possibility of pregnancy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Chen and Zhang.)

Objective: Work engagement significantly influences both the quality of nursing care and nurses' job performance. In this study, we aimed to explore the mediating effects of negative emotions on the relationship between self-compassion and work engagement among Chinese nurses., Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on nurses in a tertiary A hospital located in Henan province from September, 2023 to December, 2023. Custom-designed digital surveys were disseminated to gather pertinent data. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were utilised to analyse the data and determine relationships among self-compassion, negative emotions and work engagement., Results: A total of 1,201 nurses were included. According to the statistical model, self-compassion (β = 0.116, CI: -0.036 to -0.008, p  < 0.001) and negative emotions (β = -0.372, CI: -0.053 to -0.033, p  < 0.001) were correlated with work engagement. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that negative emotions partially mediated the relationship between self-compassion and work engagement (β = 0.174, CI: -0.066 to -0.020, p  < 0.01)., Conclusion: These findings indicate that incorporating self-compassion and negative emotion regulation in interventions targeting work engagement may enhance the overall level of work engagement among nurses, thereby improving job satisfaction and the quality of patient care., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yang, Chang, Guo, Gao, Wang and Ma.)

Implementing temporary traffic control measures is a common strategy to prevent air pollution and alleviate traffic congestion during mega-events. Accurate assessment of event-time vehicular emissions is useful for local authorities to develop effective policies. However, many previous assessments were based on policy-based scenarios, which often failed to capture the synergistic impact from other sectors (e.g., the industrial sector). Here, we conducted both traditional scenario-based ex-ante evaluation and data-driven real-time emissions tracking to evaluate the impacts of traffic restriction policies during the Summer World University Games 2023 in Chengdu, China. Real-time tracking revealed that average vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), traffic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO X ), and volatile organic compound (VOC) decreased by 18.3 %, 37.9 %, and 18.4 %, respectively, compared to the non-event period. The scenario-based ex-ante evaluation substantially underestimated NO X emission reduction from the truck fleet due to the lack of consideration for multisectoral synergistic effects. Event-time interventions in the industrial sector accounted for an additional 18.1 % reduction in truck NO X emissions. This study underscores the importance of considering cross-sectoral synergy when establishing policies for future mega events., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Formamide (HCONH 2 ) plays a pivotal role in the manufacture of a diverse array of chemicals, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals. Photocatalysis holds great promise for green fabrication of carbon-nitrogen (C-N) compounds owing to its environmental friendliness and mild redox capability. However, the selective formation of the C-N bond presents a significant challenge in the photocatalytic synthesis of C-N compounds. This work developed a photocatalytic radical coupling method for the formamide synthesis from co-oxidation of ammonia (NH 3 ) and methanol (CH 3 OH). An exceptional formamide yield rate of 5.47±0.03 mmol ⋅ g cat -1  ⋅ h -1 (911.87±5 mmol ⋅ g Bi -1  ⋅ h -1 ) was achieved over atomically dispersed Bi sites (Bi SAs ) on TiO 2 . An accumulation of 45.68 mmol ⋅ g cat -1 (2.0 g ⋅ g cat -1 ) of formamide was achieved after long-term illumination, representing the highest level of photocatalytic C-N compounds synthesis. The critical C-N coupling for formamide formation originated from the "σ-σ" interaction between electrophilic ⋅CH 2 OH with nucleophilic ⋅NH 2 radical. The Bi SAs sites facilitated the electron transfer between reactants and photocatalysts and enhanced the nucleophilic attack of ⋅NH 2 radical on the ⋅CH 2 OH radical, thereby advancing the selective C-N bond formation. This work deepens the understanding of the C-N coupling mechanism and offers an intriguing photocatalytic approach for the efficient and sustainable production of C-N compounds., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: Patients with heart failure have a high rate of health literacy deficiency, and their hospital readmission is a great burden. Whether health literacy affects hospital readmission remains controversial., Objective: To investigate the impact of health literacy on hospital readmission among heart failure patients., Method: Relevant keywords were used to search for Chinese and English literature from Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, Digital Journal of Wanfang Data, and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 15.0, the fixed effect model was used to calculate the pooled effect estimate, and Begg's and Egger's tests were applied to assess the presence of publication bias., Results: Nine studies, involving 4093 heart failure patients, were included in this study. The overall rate of inadequate health literacy was 40.3%. Among these articles, 6 were included in the meta-analysis to calculate the pooled effect. The results indicated that, when compared with patients with adequate health literacy, those with inadequate health literacy had a relative risk of hospital readmission of 1.01, which increased to 1.14 after adjusting for follow-up time, the result was not significant (P = .09)., Conclusions: About 2 out of 5 heart failure patients had inadequate health literacy, and there was no statistical association between health literacy and hospital readmission among these patients. This finding should be carefully considered and confirmed in further studies., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background: Napping deprivation in habitual nappers leads to cognitive impairment. The ameliorative effect of acute aerobic exercise has been demonstrated for this post-cognitive impairment. However, it is still unclear which intensity of aerobic exercise is the most effective and how long this improvement can be sustained., Methods: Fifty-eight healthy adults with a chronic napping habit were randomly assigned to four intervention groups after undergoing nap deprivation: a sedentary control group, a low-intensity exercise group (50-59% maximum heart rate, HR max ), a moderate-intensity exercise group (60-69% HR max ), and a high-intensity exercise group (70-79% HR max ). Working memory (N-back task), vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Task, PVT), and response inhibitory capacity (Go/NoGo task) were measured., Results: Regression analyses showed a quadratic trend between exercise intensity and working memory reaction time and accuracy ( F =3.297-5.769, p < 0.05, R 2 =10.7-18.9%). The effects of exercise were optimal at low-intensity. There was a significant quadratic trend between exercise intensity and PVT lapse ( F =4.314, p =0.042, R² =7.2%). The effect of exercise increased with higher intensity. Prolonged observation found that the effect of low-intensity exercise on working memory was maintained for 2 hours., Conclusion: The effect of low-intensity exercise might be underestimated. Low-intensity exercise significantly improved working memory performance, and the effects could be maintained throughout the afternoon. In contrast, the effects of high-intensity exercise were unlikely to be maintained and might even have negative effects. Future researchers can broaden the categories of participants to enhance the external validity and collect diverse physiological indicators to explore related physiological mechanisms., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interest in this work., (© 2024 Guo et al.)

Importance: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CART) has transformed the treatment landscape of hematologic cancer, but has negligible effects for adult solid cancers. In this trial, an autologous CAR T-cell product demonstrated antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)., Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of guanylate cyclase-C (GCC19) CART in participants with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)., Design, Setting, and Participants: This single-arm, nonrandomized, phase 1 trial was conducted at the First Hospital of Jilin University from December 3, 2020, to April 13, 2022. Data analysis was conducted from May 2022 to April 2024. Adults with relapsed and refractory mCRC expressing GCC were treated with GCC19CART, a mixture of autologous CAR T cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing genes that encode either CD-19 CAR or GCC CAR., Main Outcomes and Measures: Safety and tolerability of CAR T-cell therapy targeting GCC in patients with mCRC without therapeutic options is capable of conferring a reasonable likeliness of clinical benefit. Other outcomes included objective response rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, and immune activation., Results: Of 15 patients 9 (60%) were women, and the median (range) age was 44 (33-61) years. Treatment with GCC19CART was associated with the development of cytokine release syndrome and diarrhea in most patients, all of which were self-limited and manageable. The objective response rate was 40%, with a partial response in 2 of 8 and 4 of 7 patients treated with either 1 × 106 cells/kg or 2 × 106 cells/kg. Median overall survival was 22.8 months (95% CI, 13.4-26.1) at data cutoff; the median progress-free survival was 6.0 months in the high dose level group (95% CI, 3.0 to not available)., Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this nonrandomized clinical trial suggest that GCC19CART was safe and tolerable in heavily pretreated patients with mCRC and is the first CAR T-cell therapy known to produce objective clinical activity in refractory cancer. Given the paucity of effective therapeutics developed for colorectal cancer in recent decades, the observation that CD-19 CART target engagement can robustly induce GCC19CART target engagement sufficient to produce objective activity may serve as a foundation to develop effective cellular therapy in mCRC and other solid cancers., Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000040645.

Baicalein, showing higher bioavailability and stronger pharmacological activity, can be obtained via a β-glucuronidase (GUS)-catalyzed transformation of baicalein 7-O-β-D-glucuronide (baicalin). Recently, we have found that the fermentation broth of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HP-B1083 can efficiently convert baicalin to baicalein. In this study, the L. rhamnosus HP-B1083-derived enzyme involved in baicalin biotransformation was identified and characterized. First, the LruidA gene, encoding the responsible enzyme, was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that the deduced enzyme (designated as LrUidA) belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase family 2. The recombinant LrUidA was expressed and purified for characterization. LrUidA had a molecular weight of 70 kDa, with an optimal temperature of 50 °C and pH 4.5. Although LrUidA was susceptible to temperature, it possessed a relative pH stability. Its Michaelis-Menten constant, maximum reaction velocity and catalytic constant values were 9.710 mM, 13.08 mM/min/mg, and 14.95 s -1 , respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis experiment results demonstrated that the enzyme reaction uses side chains of E509 and E415 to hydrolyze the glycosidic bond of baicalin and involves three negatively charged residues, E450, D451, and D452, respectively. Surprisingly, biotransformation was performed under optimized reaction conditions by incubating the purified enzyme with 0.1 % baicalin for 4 h, resulting in a considerable conversion ratio of 99 %. Altogether, our findings provide insights into the properties of L. rhamnosus HP-B1083-derived enzyme and expand our understanding regarding using GUS for the industrial production of baicalein., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Shao-Yang Hou reports financial support was provided by Shandong natural resources fund. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) alone with those of TACE combined with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a multicenter randomized study., Methods and Materials: From 2017 to 2022, 74 HCC patients with tumors confined to the liver without vascular invasion were treated with either TACE only (TACE group, 39 patients) or TACE combined with EBRT (TACE + EBRT group, 35 patients). The primary outcome measured was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), local tumor control, and the assessment of treatment-related toxicity., Results: Due to slow accrual, the trial was closed prematurely after enrolling 74 patients. All patients received 2 cycles of TACE before randomization. The TACE and TACE + EBRT groups showed comparable patient and tumor characteristics. The TACE group underwent a median of 3 TACE cycles, and the TACE + EBRT group received 2 cycles of TACE, and a median of 5500 cGy in 15 fractions. For the TACE group, the median local control (LC) duration was 13.1 months, whereas for the TACE + EBRT group, the median LC was not achieved (P < .001). The PFS was recorded at 11.6 months in the TACE group compared with 15.4 months in the TACE + EBRT group (P = .072). The median OS reached 36.8 months for the TACE group and extended to 47.1 months for the TACE + EBRT group (P = .654). The incidence of toxicity was comparable between both groups., Conclusions: Although the number of patients enrolled in this clinical trial did not meet expectations. TACE combined with EBRT was shown to be more effective than TACE alone in improving LC without increasing toxicity, whereas PFS and OS were slightly improved. TACE + EBRT can be used as a standard treatment option for patients with inoperable but confined intrahepatic HCC., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

With the increasing demand for energy and the climate challenges caused by the consumption of traditional fuels, there is an urgent need to accelerate the adoption of green and sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies. The integration of flexible thermoelectrics with other various energy conversion technologies plays a crucial role, enabling the conversion of multiple forms of energy such as temperature differentials, solar energy, mechanical force, and humidity into electricity. The development of these technologies lays the foundation for sustainable power solutions and promotes research progress in energy conversion. Given the complexity and rapid development of this field, this review provides a detailed overview of the progress of multifunctional integrated energy conversion and storage technologies based on thermoelectric conversion. The focus is on improving material performance, optimizing the design of integrated device structures, and achieving device flexibility to expand their application scenarios, particularly the integration and multi-functionalization of wearable energy conversion technologies. Additionally, we discuss the current development bottlenecks and future directions to facilitate the continuous advancement of this field.

Objective: To investigate the pharmacological mechanisms and clinical effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) wet compresses on pain, inflammation, and quality of life in patients with soft tissue injuries., Methods: First, the network pharmacology of the active ingredients from TCM wet compresses were identified using the TCMSP (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform) database (Common monkshood mother root, Two-toothed achyranthes root, Sour orange, Garden balsam stem, Safflower, Ground beetle, Zingiber, Haichow elsholtzia herb). Relevant targets for soft tissue injuries were obtained from GeneCards, revealing 20 key therapeutic targets. Pathway clustering highlighted inflammation-related pathways. Then we conducted clinical investigation by retrospectively analyzing the data of 80 patients with soft tissue injury treated in our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023. The data from healthy subjects who had physical examination in our hospital during the same period served as the control group (n=40). According to the treatment plan, the patients were divided into study group A (n=40, external treatment with Voltaalin ointment), and study group B (n=40, treatment with TCM wet compress). Pain intensity, inflammatory factor levels, and quality of life of the patients between the two groups were compared., Results: Analysis of TCM wet compresses revealed 86 active ingredients and 259 intersecting targets, with key ingredients including sitogluside, beta-sitosterol, and quercetin. Key targets included IL-6, IL-1B, TNF, CXCL8, and IL10. Clinically, both patient groups showed significant reductions in pain and inflammatory markers, with greater improvements in study group B. In addition, quality of life improved notably post-treatment in study group B., Conclusion: TCM wet compress patches are effective in reducing pain, modulating inflammation, and improving the quality of life in patients with soft tissue injury. These findings support TCM wet compresses as a promising alternative treatment., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2024.)

In this work, the relationship and kinetics of biodegradation and bio-adsorption of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) by Bacillus and Ascomycota were explored, and the metabolites of BaP under mixed microbial coculture were analyzed and characterized. The results show that BaP was removed through both biosorption and biodegradation. Under mixed microbial coculture, biosorption played a significant role in the early stage and biodegradation was predominant in the later stage. During the removal of BaP, the fungi exhibited remarkable adsorption capabilities for BaP with an adsorption efficiency (AE) of 38.14 %, while bacteria had a best degradation for BaP with a degradation efficiency (DE) of 56.13 %. Under the mixed microbial culture, the removal efficiency (RE) of BaP by the synergistic action of fungi and bacteria reached up to 76.12 % within 15 days. Kinetics analysis illustrated that the degradation and adsorption process of BaP were well fit to the first-order and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. The research on the relationship between degradation and adsorption during microbial removal of BaP, as well as the synergistic effects of fungi and bacteria, will provide a theoretical guidance for two or even synthetic microbial communities., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Having obtained permission from all the authors, I declare that Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The escalation of global change has resulted in heightened frequencies and intensities of environmental fluctuations within coral reef ecosystems. Corals originating from marginal reefs have potentially enhanced their adaptive capabilities in response to these environmental variations through processes of local adaptation. However, the intricate mechanisms driving this phenomenon remain a subject of limited investigation. This study aimed to investigate how corals in Luhuitou reef, a representative relatively high-latitude reef in China, adapt to seasonal fluctuations in seawater temperature and light availability. We conducted a 190-day plantation experiment with the widespread species, Galaxea fascicularis, in Luhuitou local, and from Meiji reef, a typical offshore tropical reef, to Luhuitou as comparison. Drawing upon insights from physiological adaptations, we focused on fatty acid (FA) profiles to unravel the trophic strategies of G. fascicularis to cope with environmental fluctuations from two origins. Our main findings are threefold: 1) Native corals exhibited a stronger physiological resilience compared to those transplanted from Meiji. 2) Corals from both origins consumed large quantities of energy reserves in winter, during which FA profiles of local corals altered, while the change of FA profiles of corals from Meiji was probably due to the excessive consumption of saturated fatty acid (SFA). 3) The better resilience of native corals is related to high levels of functional polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), while insufficient nutrient reserves, possibly due to weak heterotrophic ability, result in the obstruction of the synthesis pathway of PUFA for corals from Meiji, leading to their intolerance to environmental changes. Consequently, we suggest that the tolerance of G. fascicularis to environmental fluctuations is determined by their local adapted trophic strategies. Furthermore, our findings underscore the notion that the rapid adaptation of relatively high-latitude corals to seasonal environmental fluctuations might not be readily attainable for their tropical counterparts within a brief timeframe., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The process of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is quantified by evaluating a Z-spectra, where CEST signal quantification and Z-spectra fitting have been widely used to distinguish the contributions from multiple origins. Based on the exchange-dependent relaxation rate in the rotating frame (R ex ), this paper introduces an additional pathway to quantitative separation of CEST effect. The proposed R ex -line-fit method is solved by a multi-pool model and presents the advantage of only being dependent of the specific parameters (solute concentration, solute-water exchange rate, solute transverse relaxation, and irradiation power). Herein we show that both solute-water exchange rate and solute concentration monotonously vary with R ex for Amide, Guanidino, NOE and MT, which has the potential to assist in solving quantitative separation of CEST effect. Furthermore, we achieve R ex imaging of Amide, Guanidino, NOE and MT, which may provide direct insight into the dependency of measurable CEST effects on underlying parameters such as the exchange rate and solute concentration, as well as the solute transverse relaxation., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: To analyze the relationship between life satisfaction and learning burnout, and explore the mediating effect of mobile phone addiction and psychological capital, and to provide a theoretical basis for the study of measures for medical postgraduate students to maintain a positive psychological state and keep interest and enthusiasm in academic life., Methods: Convenience cluster sampling was used to recruit 628 medical postgraduate students in Chongqing, China. The Learning Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ), life satisfaction self-rated item, Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS), and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) were used to examine participants. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the effect of life satisfaction, mobile phone addiction, and psychological capital on learning burnout. A structural equation model (SEM) with maximum likelihood was used to evaluate the mediating effect of mobile phone addiction and psychological capital on the relationship between life satisfaction and learning burnout. The bootstrap method was used to confirm the significance of the mediating effect., Results: The average learning burnout score was (55.81±10.55). Results of hierarchical regression revealed that life satisfaction and psychological capital had a significant negative predictive effect on learning burnout, and mobile phone addiction had a positive predictive effect on learning burnout ( p <0.05). The SEM revealed that the total and direct effects of life satisfaction on learning burnout were significant, and the mediating effects of mobile phone addiction and psychological capital between life satisfaction and learning burnout were significant ( p <0.05)., Conclusion: Life satisfaction is a direct predictor of learning burnout among Chinese medical postgraduate students, and this relationship is mediated by mobile phone addiction and psychological capital., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 Hu et al.)

Enzyme-free single-molecule sequencing has the potential to significantly expand the application of nanopore technology to DNA, proteins, and saccharides. Despite their advantages over biological nanopores and natural suitability for enzyme-free single-molecule sequencing, conventional solid-state nanopores have not yet achieved single-molecule DNA sequencing. The biggest challenge for the accuracy of single-molecule sequencing using solid-state nanopores lies in the precise control of the pore size and conformity. In this study, we fabricated nanopore devices by covering the tip of a quartz nanopipette with ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets (pore size ≈ 1.1 nm). The size of the periodically arranged nanopores in COF is comparable to that of protein nanopores, and the structure of each COF nanopore is consistent at the atomic scale. The COF nanopore device could roughly distinguish dAMP, dCMP, dGMP, and dTMP. Furthermore, a certain percentage of the current blockades originating from 150 nucleotides model DNA molecules (13.5% for dA 50 dC 50 dA 50 and 11.1% for dC 50 dA 50 dC 50 ) show distinct DNA sequence-specific concave and convex resistive current patterns. The finite element simulation confirmed that the current blockade pattern of a DNA molecule passing through a COF nanopore is dependent on the relative location of the nanopore with respect to the wall of the nanopipette. Our study is a significant step toward single-molecule DNA sequencing by solid-state nanopores.

Environmental-friendless and high-performance thermoelectrics play a significant role in exploring sustainable clean energy. Among them, AgSbTe 2 thermoelectrics, benefiting from the disorder in the cation sublattice and interface scattering from secondary phases of Ag 2 Te and Sb 2 Te 3 , exhibit low thermal conductivity and a maximum figure-of-merit ZT of 2.6 at 573 K via optimizing electrical properties and addressing phase transition issues. Therefore, AgSbTe 2 shows considerable potential as a promising medium-temperature thermoelectric material. Additionally, with the increasing demands for device integration and portability in the information age, the research on flexible and wearable AgSbTe 2 thermoelectrics aligns with contemporary development needs, leading to a growing number of research findings. This work provides a detailed and timely review of AgSbTe 2 -based thermoelectrics from materials to devices. Principles and performance optimization strategies are highlighted for the thermoelectric performance enhancement in AgSbTe 2 . The current challenges and future research directions of AgSbTe 2 -based thermoelectrics are pointed out. This review will guide the development of high-performance AgSbTe 2 -based thermoelectrics for practical applications., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is G-protein-coupled receptor-activated lipid kinase with both kinase-dependent and kinase-independent activity. Plenty of evidence have demonstrated that PI3Kγ participated in TAC and I/R-induced myocardial remodelling and heart failure (HF). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that common variants in the PI3Kγ gene (PIK3CG) were associated with the prognosis of HF in the Chinese Han population. Through re-sequencing and genotyping, we finally identified a common variant in the 3'UTR of PIK3CG strongly associated with the prognosis of HF in two-stage population: adjusted p = 0.007, hazard ratio = 0.56 (0.36-0.85) in the first cohort and adjusted p = 0.024, hazard ratio = 0.39 (0.17-0.88) in the replicated cohort. A series of functional assays revealed that rs10215499-A allele suppressed PIK3CG translation by facilitating has-miR-133a-3p binding, but not the G allele. Subjects carrying the GG genotype showed higher mRNA and protein level than those with AA and AG genotype. Furthermore, overexpression of PIK3CG could protect AC16 from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced apoptosis, while the case was opposite for PIK3CG silencing. In conclusion, common variant rs10215499 in the 3'-UTR of PIK3CG might affect the prognosis of HF by interfering with miR-133a-3p binding and PIK3CG is a promising target for HF treatment in the future., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The most pronounced neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc), which depletes striatal DA. Hypothalamic oxytocin is found to be reduced in PD patients and closely interacts with the DA system, but the role of oxytocin in PD remains unclear. Here, the disturbances of endogenous oxytocin level and the substantia nigra (SN) oxytocin receptor expression in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model is observed, correlated with the striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression reduction. Killing/silencing hypothalamic oxytocin neurons aggravates the vulnerability of nigrostriatal DA signal to MPTP, whereas elevating oxytocin level by intranasal delivery or microinjecting into the SN promotes the resistance. In addition, knocking out SN oxytocin receptors induces the time-dependent reductions of SNc DA neurons, striatal TH expression, and striatal DA level by increasing neuronal excitotoxicity. These results further uncover that oxytocin dampens the excitatory synaptic inputs onto DA neurons via activating oxytocin receptor-expressed SN GABA neurons, which target GABA(B) receptors expressed in SNc DA neuron-projecting glutamatergic axons, to reduce excitotoxicity. Thus, besides the well-known prosocial effect, oxytocin acts as a key endogenous factor in protecting the nigrostriatal DA system., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Thermoelectric technology, which enables a direct and pollution-free conversion of heat into electricity, provides a promising path to address the current global energy crisis. Among the broad range of thermoelectric materials, silver copper chalcogenides (AgCuQ, Q = S, Se, Te) have garnered significant attention in thermoelectric community in light of inherently ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, controllable electronic transport properties, excellent thermoelectric performance across various temperature ranges, and a degree of ductility. This review epitomizes the recent progress in AgCuQ-based thermoelectric materials, from the optimization of thermoelectric performance to the rational design of devices, encompassing the fundamental understanding of crystal structures, electronic band structures, mechanical properties, and quasi-liquid behaviors. The correlation between chemical composition, mechanical properties, and thermoelectric performance in this material system is also highlighted. Finally, several key issues and prospects are proposed for further optimizing AgCuQ-based thermoelectric materials., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Aim: To compare the dosimetric advantages and disadvantages between hybrid intensity-modulated radiation therapy (h-IMRT) and the volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique in hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (HF-WBI) for early-stage breast cancer (BC)., Methods: The dose distribution of h-IMRT and VMAT plans was compared in 20 breast cancer patients. This comparison included evaluation of dosimetric parameters using dose volume histograms (DVHs) for the planning target volume (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OARs). Additionally, the study examined the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), the second cancer complication probability (SCCP) and the tumor control probability (TCP) based on different models., Results: Significant differences were detected between the two plans, in terms of Machine units (MUs), the control points, 95 % volume (V95 %), dose homogeneity index (DHI) and conformity index (CI). The endpoint of grade II radiation pneumonitis and cardiac death due to ischemic heart disease were assessed. In h-IMRT plan, the NTCP values were marginally lower for radiation pneumonitis and slightly higher for cardiac death compared to VMAT plan, as determined by the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman model. The Schneider model was employed to predict the SCCP for both the bilateral lungs and contralateral breast, the results demonstrate that the h-IMRT plan outperforms the VMAT plan, with statistical significance. Additionally, the LQ-Poisson model was employed to forecast the TCP of the PTV, showing that the h-IMRT plan outperformed the VMAT plan (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The h-IMRT technique, offering superior dose coverage and better therapeutic efficacy with fewer side effects as calculated by models, is more suitable for HF-WBI compared to the VMAT technique., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objective: Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has been shown to regulate blood sugar and control body weight, but its ability to treat obesity-related nephropathy has been poorly studied. Therefore, this study was designed to observe the characteristics and potential mechanism of liraglutide against obesity-related kidney disease., Methods: Thirty-six C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into six groups ( n  = 6 per group). Obesity-related nephropathy was induced in mice by continuous feeding of high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, liraglutide (0.6 mg/kg) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonists bortezomib (200 μg/kg) were injected for 12 weeks, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine in serum, as well as urinary protein in urine. Besides, hematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to observe the pathological changes of kidney tissue; immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time quantitative PCR to assess the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CaMKKβ)/AMPK signaling pathway activation., Results: Liraglutide significantly reduced serum lipid loading, improved kidney function, and relieved kidney histopathological damage and glycogen deposition in the mouse model of obesity-related kidney disease induced by HFD. In addition, liraglutide also significantly inhibited the CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway in kidney tissue of HFD-induced mice. However, bortezomib partially reversed the therapeutic effect of liraglutide on HDF-induced nephropathy in mice., Conclusions: Liraglutide has a therapeutic effect on obesity-related kidney disease, and such an effect may be achieved by inhibiting the CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway in kidney tissue.

Sound Source Localization (SSL) involves estimating the Direction of Arrival (DOA) of sound sources. Since the DOA estimation output space is continuous, regression might be more suitable for DOA, offering higher precision. However, in practice, classification often outperforms regression, exhibiting greater robustness. Conversely, classification's drawback is inherent quantization error. Within the classification paradigm, the DOA output space is discretized into several intervals, each treated as a class. These classes show strong inter-class correlations, being inherently ordered, with higher similarity as intervals grow closer. Nevertheless, this characteristic has not been fully exploited. To address this, we propose Unbiased Label Distribution (ULD) to eliminate quantization error in training targets. Furthermore, we introduce Weighted Adjacent Decoding (WAD) to overcome quantization error during the decoding stage. Finally, we tailor two loss functions for the soft labels: Negative Log Absolute Error (NLAE) and Mean Squared Error without activation (MSE(wo)). Experimental results show our approach surpasses classification quantization limits, achieving state-of-the-art performance. Our code and supplementary material are available at https://github.com/linfeng-feng/ULD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that there is no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes possess therapeutic potential against degenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BMSC-derived exosomes on intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Through transcriptome sequencing and histological analysis, we observed a significant increase in HIF-1α expression in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues. The addition of HIF-1α resulted in elevated expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6, higher levels of matrix-degrading enzyme MMP13, and lower expression of aggrecan in NP cells. Co-culturing with BMSCs diminished the expression of HIF-1α, MMP13, IL-1β, and IL-6 in degenerative NP cells induced by overload pressure. miRNA chip analysis and PCR validation revealed that miR-145a-5p was the primary miRNA carried by BMSC-derived exosomes. Overexpression of miR-145a-5p was effective in minimizing the expression of HIF-1α, MMP13, IL-1β, and IL-6 in degenerative NP cells. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed USP31 as the target gene of miR-145a-5p, and the regulation of NP cells by BMSC-derived exosomes via miR-145a-5p was dependent on USP31. In conclusion, BMSC-derived exosomes alleviated IVDD through the miR-145a-5p/USP31/HIF-1α signaling pathway, providing valuable insights into the treatment of IVDD., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating liver fibrosis has been demonstrated in several clinical studies. However, their low survival and liver implantation rates remain problematic. In recent years, a large number of studies in animal models of liver fibrosis have shown that MSCs combined with drugs can improve the efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis alone and inhibit its progression to end-stage liver disease. This has inspired new ways of thinking about treating liver fibrosis., Aim: To investigate the effectiveness and mechanisms of MSCs combined with drugs in treating liver fibrosis., Methods: Data sources included four electronic databases and were constructed until January 2024. The subjects, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and study design principle were used to screen the literature, and the quality of the literature was evaluated to assess the risk of bias. Relevant randomised controlled trials were selected, and the final 13 studies were included in the final study., Results: A total of 13 studies were included after screening. Pooled analysis showed that MSCs combined with drug therapy significantly improved liver function, promoted the repair of damaged liver tissues, reduced the level of liver fibrosis-related indexes, and effectively ameliorated hepatic fibrosis by modulating the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment, promoting the homing of MSCs, and regulating the relevant signaling pathways, and the treatment efficacy was superior to MSCs alone. However, the combined treatment statistics showed no ame-lioration in serum albumin levels (standardized mean difference = 0.77, 95% confidence interval: -0.13 to 1.68, P = 0.09)., Conclusion: In conclusion, MSCs combined with drugs for treating liver fibrosis effectively make up for the shortcomings of MSCs in their therapeutic effects. However, due to the different drugs, the treatment mechanism and effect also differ. Therefore, more randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of different drugs in combination with MSCs, aiming to select the "best companion" of MSCs in treating hepatic fibrosis., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a major cause of heart attack. Previous studies have shown that immune cells are involved in the development of atherosclerosis, but different immune cells play different roles. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between immunological traits and myocardial infarction (MI)., Methods: To assess the causal association of immunological profiles with myocardial infarction based on publicly available genome-wide studies, we used a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) approach with inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the main analytical method. Sensitivity analyses were used to assess heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy., Results: A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using IVW as the primary method. At a significance level of 0.001, we identified 47 immunophenotypes that have a significant causal relationship with MI. Seven of these were present in B cells, five in cDC, four in T cells at the maturation stage, six in monocytes, five in myeloid cells, 12 in TBNK cells, and eight in Treg cells. Sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the robustness of the MR results., Conclusions: Our results provide strong evidence that multiple immune cells have a causal effect on the risk of myocardial infarction. This discovery provides a new avenue for the development of therapeutic treatments for myocardial infarction and a new target for drug development., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Cao, Wang, Wang, Chen, Gong, Xiao and Pan.)

From microbes to humans, organisms perform numerous tasks for their survival, including food acquisition, migration, and reproduction. A complex biological task can be performed by either an autonomous organism or by cooperation among several specialized organisms. However, it remains unclear how autonomy and cooperation evolutionarily switch. Specifically, it remains unclear whether and how cooperative specialists can repair deleted genes through direct genetic exchange, thereby regaining metabolic autonomy. Here, we address this question by experimentally evolving a mutualistic microbial consortium composed of two specialists that cooperatively degrade naphthalene. We observed that autonomous genotypes capable of performing the entire naphthalene degradation pathway evolved from two cooperative specialists and dominated the community. This evolutionary transition was driven by the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between the two specialists. However, this evolution was exclusively observed in the fluctuating environment alternately supplied with naphthalene and pyruvate, where mutualism and competition between the two specialists alternated. The naphthalene-supplied environment exerted selective pressure that favors the expansion of autonomous genotypes. The pyruvate-supplied environment promoted the coexistence and cell density of the cooperative specialists, thereby increasing the likelihood of HGT. Using a mathematical model, we quantitatively demonstrate that environmental fluctuations facilitate the evolution of autonomy through HGT when the relative growth rate and carrying capacity of the cooperative specialists allow enhanced coexistence and higher cell density in the competitive environment. Together, our results demonstrate that cooperative specialists can repair deleted genes through a direct genetic exchange under specific conditions, thereby regaining metabolic autonomy., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.

To compare the differences in floral composition and functions between the two types of microbiota, ileal contents and feces were collected from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed in a conventional or specific-pathogen free (SPF) environment and rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene in these rats was then amplified and sequenced. Compared with feces, about 60% of the bacterial genera in the ileum were exclusive, with low abundance (operational taxonomic units (OTUs) < 1000). Of bacteria shared between the ileum and feces, a few genera were highly abundant (dominant), whereas most had low abundance (less dominant). The dominant bacteria differed between the ileum and feces. Ileal bacteria showed greater β-diversity, and the distance between in-group samples was nearer than that between paired ileum-feces samples. Moreover, the ileum shared various biomarkers and functions with feces ( p < 0.05). The HFD and SPF conditions had a profound influence on α-diversity and abundance but not on the exclusive/shared features or β-diversity of samples. The present findings suggested that, under conventional circumstances, fecal bacteria can represent approximately 40% of the low abundant ileal bacterial genera and that dominant fecal bacteria failed to represent the ileal dominant flora. Moreover, fecal flora diversity does not reflect β-diversity in the ileum.

The non-Hermitian skin effect, by which the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian are predominantly localized at the boundary, has revealed a strong sensitivity of non-Hermitian systems to the boundary condition. Here we experimentally observe a striking boundary-induced dynamical phenomenon known as the non-Hermitian edge burst, which is characterized by a sharp boundary accumulation of loss in non-Hermitian time evolutions. In contrast to the eigenstate localization, the edge burst represents a generic non-Hermitian dynamical phenomenon that occurs in real time. Our experiment, based on photonic quantum walks, not only confirms the prediction of the phenomenon, but also unveils its complete space-time dynamics. Our observation of edge burst paves the way for studying the rich real-time dynamics in non-Hermitian topological systems.

Field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials are highly sought after for their high sensitivity, label-free detection, fast response, and ease of on-chip integration. However, the subthreshold swing (SS) of FETs is constrained by the Boltzmann limit and cannot fall below 60 mV/dec, hindering sensor sensitivity enhancement. Additionally, the gate-leakage current of 2D material biosensors in liquid environments significantly increases, adversely affecting the detection accuracy and stability. Based on the principle of negative capacitance, this paper presents for the first time a two-dimensional material WSe 2 negative capacitance field-effect transistor (NCFET) with a minimum subthreshold swing of 56 mV/dec in aqueous solution. The NCFET shows a significantly improved biosensor function. The pH detection sensitivity of the NCFET biosensor reaches 994 pH -1 , nearly an order of magnitude higher than that of the traditional two-dimensional WSe 2 FET biosensor. The Al 2 O 3 /HfZrO (HZO) bilayer dielectric in the NCFET not only contributes to negative capacitance characteristics in solution but also significantly reduces the leakage in solution. Utilizing an enzyme catalysis method, the WSe 2 NCFET biosensor demonstrates a specific detection of glucose molecules, achieving a high sensitivity of 4800 A/A in a 5 mM glucose solution and a low detection limit (10 -9 M). Further experiments also exhibit the ability of the biosensor to detect glucose in sweat.

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a complex disease that is often accompanied by mental health disorders. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous clinical presentation of CP/CPPS remain uncertain. This study analyzed widely targeted metabolomic data of expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) and plasma to reveal the underlying pathological mechanisms of CP/CPPS. A total of 24 CP/CPPS patients from The Second Nanning People's Hospital (Nanning, China), and 35 asymptomatic control individuals from First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (Nanning, China) were enrolled. The indicators related to CP/CPPS and psychiatric symptoms were recorded. Differential analysis, coexpression network analysis, and correlation analysis were performed to identify metabolites that were specifically altered in patients and associated with various phenotypes of CP/CPPS. The crucial links between EPS and plasma were further investigated. The metabolomic data of EPS from CP/CPPS patients were significantly different from those from control individuals. Pathway analysis revealed dysregulation of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the citrate cycle in EPS. The tryptophan metabolic pathway was found to be the most significantly altered pathway associated with distinct CP/CPPS phenotypes. Moreover, the dysregulation of tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism and elevation of oxidative stress-related metabolites in plasma were found to effectively elucidate the development of depression in CP/CPPS. Overall, metabolomic alterations in the EPS and plasma of patients were primarily associated with oxidative damage, energy metabolism abnormalities, neurological impairment, and immune dysregulation. These alterations may be associated with chronic pain, voiding symptoms, reduced fertility, and depression in CP/CPPS. This study provides a local-global perspective for understanding the pathological mechanisms of CP/CPPS and offers potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: ©The Author(s)(2024).)

Oil reservoirs, being one of the significant subsurface repositories of energy and carbon, host diverse microbial communities affecting energy production and carbon emissions. Viruses play crucial roles in the ecology of microbiomes, however, their distribution and ecological significance in oil reservoirs remain undetermined. Here, we assemble a catalogue encompassing viral and prokaryotic genomes sourced from oil reservoirs. The catalogue comprises 7229 prokaryotic genomes and 3,886 viral Operational Taxonomic Units (vOTUs) from 182 oil reservoir metagenomes. The results show that viruses are widely distributed in oil reservoirs, and 85% vOTUs in oil reservoir are detected in less than 10% of the samples, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of viral communities within oil reservoirs. Through combined microcosm enrichment experiments and bioinformatics analysis, we validate the ecological roles of viruses in regulating the community structure of sulfate reducing microorganisms, primarily through a virulent lifestyle. Taken together, this study uncovers a rich diversity of viruses and their ecological functions within oil reservoirs, offering a comprehensive understanding of the role of viral communities in the biogeochemical cycles of the deep biosphere., (© 2024. The Author(s).)