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Purpose: Psoriasis is not yet completely curable, and its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear. Necroptosis, also known as programmed necrosis, is a regulated mode of necrotic cell death. The interaction between inflammatory diseases and necrotic apoptosis has recently attracted significant attention. We explored the molecular mechanisms of necrotic apoptosis-related genes in psoriasis using bioinformatics methods to identify potential biomarkers for psoriasis., Patients and Methods: In this study, we screened psoriasis differentially expressed genes from the datasets GSE13355 and GSE14905 and took intersections with necrotic apoptosis-related genes for the next analysis. We used multiple machine learning algorithms to screen key genes and perform enrichment analysis. In addition, we performed an immune infiltration analysis. Transcription factors were predicted by the R package "RcisTarget". We also observed the cellular clustering of key genes in different cell types at the single-cell sequencing level. We used real-time fluorescence-based quantitative-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry to analyze gene expression in clinical samples. We constructed an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis model in mice for further validation., Results: Seven key genes were screened as follows: AIM2, CARD6, HPSE, MYD88, PYCARD, RAI14 , and TNFSF10 . Enrichment analysis showed that the key genes were mainly involved in inflammatory pathways. Immune infiltration analysis showed significantly higher levels of CD8 T cells, CD4 initial T cells, and CD4 memory-activated T cells in the disease group's samples than in the normal patients' samples. The key gene expression in single cells analyzed showed that PYCARD was significantly expressed in keratinocytes. PYCARD was selected for gene expression analysis; the results showed that its expression was significantly elevated in the skin lesion tissues of patients with psoriasis. We also verified that PYCARD might play a vital role in the development of psoriasis skin lesions using animal experiments., Conclusion: PYCARD plays a vital role in psoriasis development and is a potential biomarker for psoriasis., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Xu et al.)

Background: Papulopustular rosacea (PPR) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a significant impact on facial aesthetics. An impaired skin barrier is an important factor in the development and exacerbation of PPR. Tranexamic acid (TXA) has immune regulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibits angiogenesis and endothelial hyperplasia, and promotes skin barrier repair., Aims: We investigated the efficacy and safety of oral TXA for PPR treatment., Patients/methods: In total, 70 patients were randomly assigned to receive traditional therapy plus oral TXA or traditional therapy alone for 8 weeks, with a 4-week follow-up period. The subjective improvement in rosacea was assessed using the clinical erythema assessment (CEA), investigator's global assessment (IGA), patient self-assessment (PSA) score, rosacea-specific quality of life (RQoL) score, and global aesthetic improvement score (GAIS). An objective improvement in rosacea was assessed using skin hydration, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), clinical photography, and an eight spectrum facial imager., Results: CEA/IGA/PSA, dryness, and RQoL scores were significantly lower and GAIS was higher in the TXA group than in the traditional therapy group. Furthermore, oral TXA significantly improved skin barrier function, increased skin hydration, and decreased TEWL, with no significant side effects. Notably, we observed better outcomes and a greater improvement in skin barrier function with TXA treatment in patients with dry-type rosacea than in patients with oily skin., Conclusions: The addition of oral TXA to traditional therapy can lead to rapid and effective improvements in PPR, which may be attributed to improvements in skin barrier function., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Currently, the pathological mechanisms of MS are not fully understood, but research has suggested that iron metabolism disorder may be associated with the onset and clinical manifestations of MS., Methods and Materials: The study utilized publicly available databases and bioinformatics techniques for gene expression data analysis, including differential expression analysis, weighted correlation network analysis, gene enrichment analysis, and construction of logistic regression models. Subsequently, Mendelian randomization was used to assess the causal relationship between different iron metabolism markers and MS., Results: This study identified IREB2, LAMP2, ISCU, ATP6V1G1, ATP13A2, and SKP1 as genes associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and iron metabolism, establishing their multi-gene diagnostic value for MS with an AUC of 0.83. Additionally, Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a potential causal relationship between transferrin saturation and MS (p=2.22E-02; OR 95%CI=0.86 (0.75, 0.98)), as well as serum transferrin and MS (p=2.18E-04; OR 95%CI=1.22 (1.10, 1.36))., Conclusion: This study comprehensively explored the relationship between iron metabolism and MS through integrated bioinformatics analysis and Mendelian randomization methods. The findings provide important insights for further research into the role of iron metabolism disorder in the pathogenesis of MS and offer crucial theoretical support for the treatment of MS., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Tang, Yang, Zhu, Ding, Yang, Xu and He.)

Pneumatic conveying devices are commonly used in the fields of chemical industry, raw material transportation, and material processing. Elongated biomass particles are not evenly distributed in the lifting tube because biomass clumps during conveying. Pneumatic conveying test setup and measurement system were built in this paper in order to study the agglomeration behavior of elongated biomass particles in the lifting tube experimentally. Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) was used to determine the area distribution and velocity distribution of particles at different apparent air velocities and mass flow rates. The results show that while keeping the mass flow rate constant at 46.50 g/s, the apparent gas velocity increased from 5.91 to 7.91 m/s and the maximum size of agglomerates decreased from 0.689 to 0.235. The apparent gas velocity was kept at 6.40 m/s, and the particle mass flow rate was adjusted from 56.50 to 16.20 g/s. The maximum size of the agglomerates was reduced to 0.115. Therefore, appropriately increasing the apparent gas velocity or decreasing the particle mass flow rate can improve the uniformity of the particle distribution in the lifting tube. The results would provide a reference for parameter adjustment of pneumatic conveying devices in industrial production., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Background: Vaccination is an important method for the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. There is currently a lack of real-world clinical data regarding the safety and efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines with respect to plaque psoriasis treatment involving tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) inhibitors., Methods: We longitudinally analyzed 152 patients with plaque psoriasis, 86 of whom received two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (either BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac). Comparisons were made between patients undergoing treatment with biologics (TNF- α inhibitors or IL-17A inhibitors) or acitretin. Routine blood tests were used to assess safety; the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) were used to assess efficacy., Results: After inactivated COVID-19 vaccination, biologics retained considerable advantages in terms of improving skin lesions (measured by PASI) and quality of life (measured by DLQI), compared with conventional treatment (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Routine blood tests and hepatorenal function analyses suggested that inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines did not alter the safety of biologics treatment (p > 0.05)., Conclusions: Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines do not have significant impacts on the safety and efficacy of biologics (TNF-α inhibitors or IL-17A inhibitors) in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis., (© 2023 The Authors. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Due to the high dimensionality and non-linearity of the near infrared (NIR) spectra data result the difficulty of the outlier measure. This paper proposed a probability based outlier detection method, which adopted the distribution probability of the spectra data to identify outliers at each wavelength by using of copula function. The negative logarithmic function was also used to quantify the overall variation of the joint distribution for the outliers. This method not only enlarges the difference of the spectra between typical samples and outliers, but also can be adapted to multi-type of outliers. Moreover, the jump degree in statistics was introduced for the automated determination of threshold for the outliers, which avoids the threshold setting problem in empirical way and the misjudgment of the outliers. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the algorithm, the recognition of different cases and types of outliers were applied, and compared with the commonly used PCA-Mahalanobis distance, spectral residual (SR) and leverage methods. The experimental results showed that the probability based outlier detection method effectively improved the performance of outlier identification and calibration for NIR analysis., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, has been reported to exert protective effects against myocardial, hepatic, and gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but whether it can protect against renal IRI remains unknown. Here, a lethal renal IRI model was established with a 100% mortality rate in untreated mice. Treatment with liraglutide involving a regimen of multiple doses resulted in 100% survival, remarkable preservation of renal function, a significant reduction in pathological damage, and blunted upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, TLR-2, TLR-4, and RAGE mRNA. We found that liraglutide treatment dramatically inhibited ischemia-induced nucleocytoplasmic translocation and release of HMGB1. This inhibition was associated with a marked decrease (~ 60%) in nuclear histone acetyltransferase activity. In addition, the protective effects of liraglutide on renal IRI were largely abolished by the administration of exogenous HMGB1. When the GLP-1R antagonist exendin (9-39) was given to mice before each liraglutide administration, or GLP-1R -/- mice were used for the renal IRI experiments, the protective effect of liraglutide on renal IRI was partially reversed. Moreover, liraglutide pretreatment significantly inhibited HMGB1 nucleocytoplasmic translocation during hypoxic culture of HK-2 cells in vitro, but the addition of exendin (9-39) significantly eliminated this inhibition. We demonstrate here that liraglutide can exert a strong protective effect on lethal renal IRI in mice. This protection appears to be related to the inhibition of HMGB1 nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation and release and partially depends on GLP-1R. Thus, liraglutide may be therapeutically useful for the clinical prevention and treatment of organ IRI., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aims: Carbon monoxide (CO) confers antiproliferative effects on T cells; however, how these effects are produced remains unclear. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently emerged as important modulators of T cell proliferation. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the inhibitory effects of CO on T cell proliferation are dependent on the inhibition of ROS signaling. Results: Pretreatment with CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) had potent inhibitory effects on mouse T cell proliferation stimulated by anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Interestingly, CORM-2 pretreatment markedly suppressed intracellular ROS generation as well as the activity of NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial complexes I-IV in T cells after stimulation. The inhibitory effects of CORM-2 on both ROS production and T cell proliferation were comparable with those produced by the use of antioxidant N -acetylcysteine or a combined administration of mitochondrial complex I-IV inhibitors. Moreover, increasing intracellular ROS via hydrogen peroxide supplementation largely reversed the inhibitory effect of CORM-2 on the proliferation of T cells. The inhibitory effects of CORM-2 on both cell proliferation and intracellular ROS production were also shown in a T cell proliferation model involving stimulation by allogeneic dendritic cells or phorbol 12-myristate 13-actetate/ionomycin, as well as in spontaneous cell proliferation models in EL-4 and RAW264.7 cells. In addition, CORM-2 treatment significantly inhibited T cell activation in vivo and attenuated concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis. Innovation: CO inhibits T cell proliferation via suppression of intracellular ROS production. Conclusion: The study could supply a general mechanism to explain the inhibitory effects of CO on T cell activation and proliferation, favoring its future application in T cell-mediated diseases.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is critical for the ability of immature dendritic cells (imDCs) to suppress T-cell responses. Induction of high HO-1 expression may markedly improve the tolerogenic capacity of imDCs. Here, we generated bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from BALB/c mice with low doses of GM-CSF and IL-4. The adherent BMDCs were obtained as imDCs. Upregulation of HO-1 in imDCs (HO-1 hi -imDCs) was achieved by cobalt protoporphyrin treatment. HO-1 hi -imDCs proved to be more maturation-resistant than conventional imDCs, with an enhanced ability to inhibit allogeneic T-cell proliferation stimulated by anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. When donor-derived DC adoptive transfer was performed in a stringent mouse cardiac allotransplant model, the extent of graft prolongation observed with HO-1 hi imDCs was superior to that obtained with conventional imDCs. T-cell activation and proliferation in cardiac allograft recipients was more strongly suppressed in the HO-1 hi imDC transfusion group than that in the untreated imDC group. Furthermore, donor HO-1 hi imDCs were able to maintain a status of high HO-1 expression and survived longer in the recipient spleens than did untreated imDCs after adoptive transfer. In vitro -generated HO-1 hi imDCs had an enhanced tolerogenic capacity to modulate alloimmune responses both in vitro and in vivo , and thus may offer a novel antigen-specific and cost-effective strategy to induce transplant tolerance.

Although about 80% of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis have a good prognosis, some patients develop severe complications and a small proportion do not survive. The study included patients who had been diagnosed with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in our hospital from May 2008 to February 2014. Based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 months for outcome, the patients were divided into two groups: good prognosis (mRS score ≤ 2) and poor prognosis (mRS score > 2). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed to identify significant prognostic factors for poor outcome. A total of 86 patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, 54 males and 32 females, average age 41.3 years (range, 3-83 years), were enrolled. Of these 86 patients, 64 (74.4%) had a good prognosis and 22 (25.6%) a poor prognosis. Univariate analysis revealed that dyskinesia was a significant risk factor (factor with odds ratio >1) for poor prognosis. In multivariate analysis, the risk of poor prognosis in patients with dyskinesia was 23 times higher than for those without dyskinesia (p < 0.001). Thrombosis of the sinus transervus was found to reduce the risk of poor prognosis in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Most patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis have a good prognosis but patients with dyskinesia have a poorer prognosis.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the risk factors of, and the strategy for early diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus occlusion (CVSO) secondary to traumatic brain injury., Materials and Methods: The clinical data of 240 consecutive patients were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical symptoms were observed and imaging was carried out. The risk factors of CVSO were evaluated with logistic regression analysis. Early diagnosis of CVSO was established based on the clinical and imaging features., Results: Forty patients were diagnosed to be having CVSO according to the findings of computerized tomographic venogram (CTV) and magnetic resonance venogram (MRV). They were classified into three sub-types (thrombosis occlusion type, compression type, and mixed type). A skull fracture crossing the sinus (odds ratio [OR] =8.026; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.107-20.734) and an epidural hematoma crossing the sinus (OR = 3.062; 95% CI: 1.355-6.921) were risk factors associated with CVSO, and the former played a more significant role. The female gender (OR = 0.306; 95% CI: 1.715-61.943) was the risk factor for the thrombosis occlusion type of CVSO. An epidural hematoma crossing the sinus (OR = 5.653; 95% CI: 1.767-18.084) was the risk factor of the compression type of CVSO. The past medical history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (OR = 11.276; 95% CI: 1.315-96.664) combined with a skull fracture and epidural hematoma crossing the sinus were risk factors for the mixed type of CVSO., Conclusions: Paying close attention to the past medical history of DVT, skull fracture, and the imaging finding of an epidural hematoma that crosses the sinus are necessary for the early diagnosis of CVSO. CTV and MRV help in making an early diagnosis of CVSO.