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Metastasis, a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, frequently occurs early in the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the precise molecular mechanisms governing the aggressive metastatic behavior of LUAD remain incompletely understood. In this study, we present compelling evidence indicating that the long noncoding RNA linc01703 is significantly downregulated in metastatic lung cancer cells. Intriguingly, in vivo experiments revealed that Linc01703 exerted a profound inhibitory effect on lung cancer metastasis without discernible impact on the in vitro proliferation or invasion capacities of LUAD cells. Mechanistically, Linc01703 enhanced the interaction between Rab27a, SYTL1, and CD81, consequently promoting the secretion of CD81 + exosomes. These exosomes, in turn, suppressed the infiltration of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, thereby impeding LUAD metastasis. Importantly, our analysis of lung cancer tissues revealed a correlation between reduced CD81 expression and an unfavorable patient prognosis. Collectively, our findings suggest that Linc01703 functions as a metastasis suppressor by facilitating the secretion of CD81 + exosomes through the formation of the Rab27a/SYTL1/CD81 complex.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main pathological type of lung cancer. In this study, multi-omics analysis revealed a significant increase of pseudouridine synthase 1 (PUS1) in NSCLC and the high expression of PUS1 was associated with shorter OS (Overall Survival), PFS (Progression Free Survival), and PPS (Post Progression Survival) of NSCLC patients. Clinical subgroup analysis showed that PUS1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of NSCLC. Besides, TIMER, ESTIMATE, and IPS analysis suggested that PUS1 expression was associated with immune cell infiltration, and the expression of PUS1 was significantly negatively correlated with DC cell infiltration. GESA analysis also indicated PUS1 may involve in DNA_REPAIR, E2F_TARGETS, MYC_TARGETS_V2, G2M_CHECKPOINT and MYC_TARGETS_V1 pathways and triggered NSCLC malignancy through MCM5 or XPO1. Furthermore, PUS1 may be a potential target for NSCLC therapy.

Introduction: With rapid economic and social development, surging demand for domestic water, and the increasing shortage of water resources, the applications of intermittent water supply systems have become more common in rural China and other developing countries. The accompanying hygiene risks require our more attention., Methods: Based on the Grossman model, this paper conducted an IV-Oprobit model to investigate whether and how intermittent water supply affect rural residents' self-rated health status. Our data came from "China Karst Rural Economic Survey (CKRS)", which covers 8 provinces and 641 villages in rural China's karst region., Results and Discussion: We found that: (1) Intermittent water supply has adverse effects on the self-rated health status of rural residents. Compared with the rural residents under continuous water supply, the probability of "fair" health status under intermittent water supply significantly increases by 18.2%, while the probability of "excellent" significantly reduces by 58.8%. (2) Residents' water storage behavior and sanitary water habit are important mechanisms for intermittent water supply to affect residents' self-rated health status; (3) Intermittent water supply has a greater impact on the self-rated health of females and the groups with lower education levels. The results of our study have the following policy implications: relevant departments should make a rational plan about water supply methods and improve related supporting measures; we should strengthen health education for rural residents on water behavior to standardize their water storage and sanitary water behavior; government should enhance the pertinence of policy implementation and favor specific measures to specific populations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wu, Cheng, Yang and Riaz.)

Background: The online market is getting popular today, and consumers' preferences about products are revealed differently in online and offline markets. Especially, fresh food purchasing online is very different from non-food products due to its unique features such as perishability, low cost and frequent purchases, low value-volume ratio, and highly relevance to safety and health. However, studies on online fresh food are rather few, and this study will fill the gap by investigating consumers' preferences for fresh food online purchasing., Methods: Using unique data observed from online stores, we conduct a hedonic analysis of fresh produce online market using apple market in China, avoiding hypothetical bias. Propensity Score Matching is used to check the online promotion effects. The data are apples transactions from Jingdong JD e-commerce platform with sample size 8,200, observed across six weeks from 11/26/2018 to 12/31/2018. Variables used include prices, promotions, varieties, places of origin, fruit size, labeled as organic or green food, watercore label, and customer reviews for the products as well as for the venders., Results: We found place of origin, food safety and eco-certificates, and sensory features all influence apple prices which reflect consumer preferences. In addition to product features, store features such as former customers' review for the store, a video post of the product, and other latent product features through former customers' review for the product quality also influence consumers' preference reflected by price., Conclusions: In additional to product intrinsic features, consumer show preferences and valuation for online market special features., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.04.041.]., (© 2017 The Authors.)

In the present study we compared the clinical efficacy and safety of baclofen vs tolperisone in spasticity caused by spinal cord injury. A total of 150 patients were enrolled in the present study and were divided into two groups with 75 patients in each group, receiving baclofen or tolperisone, respectively. We used Modified Ashworth Scale, Medical research council scale, Barthel Index, and Coefficient of efficacy to measure clinical efficacy. After 6-week treatment, both groups demonstrated significant improvement in muscle tone, muscle strength and functional outcome (Group I, 1.55 ± 0.053, 2.79 ± 0.032, 59.31 ± 1.32; Group II, 1.57 ± 0.053, 3.04 ± 0.032, 73 ± 1.32 respectively). There was no significant difference regarding improvement in muscle tone and muscle strength between the two groups (Group I, 1.055 ± 0.053 vs Group II, 1.57 ± 0.053; Group I, 2.79 ± 0.032 vs Group II, 3.04 ± 0.032, p > 0.05). However, the improvement in functional outcomes was greater in group II as compared to that in group I (Group I, 59.31 ± 1.32 vs Group II, 73 ± 1.32, p < 0.05). In addition, overall efficacy coefficient was greater for group II as compared to group I (Group I, 3.6 vs Group II, 2.3, p < 0.05). Group I had more side effects compared to Group II. Compared to baclofen, tolperisone offers greater improvement in activities of daily living compared to baclofen.

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of HE4 in the diagnosis and follow up in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Methods: Serum levels of HE4, CEA, and Cyfra 21-1 were analyzed in 146 patients suspected with NSCLC and 30 healthy subjects to evaluate their diagnostic performance. A one year follow up was performed in 61 patients confirmed with NSCLC after surgery eradication at the interval of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months., Results: Our results showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of HE4 was 0.761, which was similar with CEA. The sensitivity and specificity of HE4 was 0.82 and 0.62, respectively, at the level of 75.0 pmol/L. The AUC of HE4 was 0.70, 0.81, and 0.90 at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery, respectively, which was significantly higher than CEA and Cyfra 21-1., Conclusions: Our finding indicates that HE4 is a potential marker for the diagnosis and follow up of NSCLC patients, which is complementary with CEA and Cyfra 21-1 and accurate in predicting NSCLC recurrence in early stage.

The objective is to investigate the effects of two different sized (60 and 100 nm) titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) penetration and accumulation in in vitro human normal lung (NL) tissue, lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissue, and 650-nm diode laser-pretreated tissue on their optical properties studied with optical coherence tomography monitoring and diffuse reflectance (DR) spectra measurement. As with TiO2 NPs penetrating into the tissues, the intensities of DR of the samples increase, and then the enhancements of DR and the attenuation coefficients of the tissues were quantitatively calculated. The results suggest that 650-nm diode laser pretreatment increased the amounts of TiO2 NPs penetration and accumulation in NL and LSCC tissues, and the tissue optical properties were significantly influenced by accumulation of TiO2 NPs.

In this work, the potential use of nanoparticles as contrast agents by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in liver tissue was demonstrated. Gold nanoparticles (average size of 25 and 70 nm), were studied in human normal and cancerous liver tissues in vitro, respectively. Each sample was monitored with SD-OCT functional imaging for 240 min. Continuous OCT monitoring showed that, after application of gold nanoparticles, the OCT signal intensities of normal liver and cancerous liver tissue both increase with time, and the larger nanoparticles tend to produce a greater signal enhancement in the same type of tissue. The results show that the values of attenuation coefficients have significant differences between normal liver tissue and cancerous liver tissue. In addition, 25 nm gold nanoparticles allow higher penetration depth than 70 nm gold nanoparticles in liver tissues.

No published reports have demonstrated the capability of the optical coherence tomography technique for quantifying the optical coherence tomography signal slope, 1/e light penetration depth, and attenuation coefficient of hyperglycemic blood by an in vitro assessment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hyperglycemia on optical properties during in vitro blood coagulation by optical coherence tomography. Normal whole blood acted as the control group. After 1-h coagulation, the average optical coherence tomography signal slope decreased approximately 23.3 and 16.7%, and the 1/e light penetration depths increased approximately 21.5 and 19.2% for the control and hyperglycemic groups, respectively. It could be seen from the 1/e light penetration depth evolution curves that the blood coagulation time was about (425 ± 19) s for normal whole blood and (367 ± 15) s for the hyperglycemic blood. The coagulation time decreased 13.6% for the hyperglycemic blood compared with that for normal whole blood. There was statistically significant difference in blood coagulation time between the hyperglycemic and normal whole blood (p < 0.05). The results suggested that hyperglycemia has a procoagulant effect. Our experiment was the first reported study of monitoring hyperglycemic blood coagulation using OCT. We conclude that OCT is potential technique to quantify and follow the liquid-gel transition of hyperglycemic blood coagulation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood glucose concentration (BGC) on in vivo human skin optical properties after oral intake of different sugars. In vivo optical properties of human skin were measured with a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Experimental results show that increase of BGC causes a decrease in the skin attenuation coefficient. And the maximum decrements in mean attenuation coefficient of skin tissue after drinking glucose, sucrose and fructose solution are 47.0%, 36.4% and 16.5% compared with that after drinking water, respectively (p < 0.05). The results also show that blood glucose levels of the forearm skin tissue are delayed compared with finger-stick blood glucose, and there are significant differences in the time delays after oral intake of different sugars. The time delay between mean attenuation coefficient and BGC after drinking glucose solution is evidently larger than that after drinking sucrose solution, and that after drinking sucrose solution is larger than that after drinking fructose solution. Our pilot studies indicate that OCT technique is capable of non-invasive, real-time, and sensitive monitoring of skin optical properties in human subjects during oral intake of different sugars.

The potential of OCT applied to noninvasive blood glucose monitoring has attracted significant efforts. In this work we investigated the feasibility of OCT in monitoring blood glucose during oral intake of different sugars in humans. Five groups of experiments were performed, in which different sugars were used. The OCT signal slope (OCTSS) changed with variation of blood glucose concentration (BGC). A good correlation between OCTSS and BGC was observed in these experiments. The averaged correlation coefficients R between OCTSS and BGC are 0.900, 0.836, 0.895 and 0.884, corresponding to oral administration of glucose, fructose, sucrose and mixed sugar, respectively. Our studies demonstrated the capability and accuracy of the OCT system in monitoring BGC noninvasively and it could become a powerful tool in daily blood glucose monitoring for patients., (Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ultrasound-mediated analyte diffusion on permeability of normal, benign, and cancerous human lung tissue in vitro and to find more effective sonophoretic (SP) delivery in combination with the optical clearing agents (OCAs) method to distinguish normal and diseased lung tissues. The permeability coefficients of SP in combination with OCAs diffusion in lung tissue were measured with Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). 30% glucose and SP with a frequency of 1 MHz and an intensity of 0.80  W/cm2 over a 3 cm probe was simultaneously applied for 15 min. Experimental results show that the mean permeability coefficients of 30% glucose/SP were found to be (2.01±0.21)×10(-5)  cm/s from normal lung (NL) tissue, (2.75±0.28)×10(-5)  cm/s from lung benign granulomatosis (LBG) tissue, (4.53±0.49)×10(-5)  cm/s from lung adenocarcinoma tumor (LAT) tissue, and (5.81±0.62)×10(-5)  cm/s from lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissue, respectively. The permeability coefficients of 30% glucose/SP increase approximately 36.8%, 125.4%, and 189.1% for the LBG, LAT, and LSCC tissue compared with that for the NL tissue, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in permeability coefficients of 30% glucose/SP between LBG and NL tissue (p<0.05), between LAT and NL tissue (p<0.05), and between LSCC and NL tissue (p<0.05). The results suggest that the OCT functional imaging technique to combine an ultrasound-OCAs combination method could become a powerful tool in early diagnosis and monitoring of changed microstructure of pathologic human lung tissue.

Hyperosmotic agents have shown great potential in tissue optical clearing. However, the low efficiency of the permeation in biological tissues seriously restricts its application in reality. The synergy of sonophoresis as a penetration enhancer and hyperosmotic agents, 20% glucose (G) and 20% mannitol (M), in optical clearing has been investigated by analyzing the variation of the attenuation coefficients and the permeability coefficients. In the sonophoresis experiments, ultrasound (US) was applied for 10 min before applying hyperosmotic agents. Along with the administration of hyperosmotic agents, the samples were monitored with optical coherence tomography (OCT) functional imaging for the next 2 h. The attenuation coefficients of each group were obtained from the 2-D OCT images based on Beer's Law. The original attenuation coefficient is 12.38 ± 0.73 cm-1 in normal breast tissue. After 45 min treatment, it changes to be 5.91 ± 0.82 cm-1 and 4.14 ± 0.67 cm-1 for 20% G and 20% G/US, respectively. The attenuation coefficient of breast cancer tissue is 18.17 ± 1.45 cm-1 at the beginning, and it becomes 8.70 ± 0.87 cm-1 for 20% G and 6.80 ± 0.92 cm-1 for 20% G/US after 30 min. Meanwhile, the permeability coefficients of hyperosmotic agents were much enlarged by the treatment of ultrasound in both breast normal tissue and breast cancer tissue. A significant difference in permeability coefficients between health tissue and tumor tissue was also observed in the experiment (p<0.01).

The potential of OCT applied for early breast cancer detection attracted significant efforts. The permeability coefficients and the percentages of OCT signal enhancement for normal and cancerous breast tissues have been investigated from the experiments of 20% glucose, 40% glucose, and 20% mannitol in vitro. Obtained results indicate that the permeability coefficient in breast cancer tissue is prominently larger than that in normal breast tissue, while the optical clearing effect is just the reverse to that for each agent. The results suggest that OCT has the ability to distinguish cancer tissue from different aspect., (Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

In this study, we report permeability coefficients of 30% glucose diffusion by the optical coherence tomography signal slope (OCTSS) method in four kinds of human lung tissue in vitro: normal lung tissue, benign granulomatosis lung tissue, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma tumor. To quantify the permeability coefficient of the agent, the monitored region was 80 μm thickness at a tissue depth of ca 230 μm from the surface. The permeability coefficients of 30% glucose from 10 independent experiments were averaged and found to be (1.35 ± 0.13) × 10(-5) cm s(-1) from the normal lung tissue, (1.78 ± 0.21) × 10(-5) cm s(-1) from the benign granulomatosis lung tissue, (2.88 ± 0.19) × 10(-5) cm s(-1) from the adenocarcinoma tumor and (3.53 ± 0.25) × 10(-5) cm s(-1) from the squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. It could be clearly seen that the permeability coefficients of 30% glucose increase ca 32%, 113% and 162% in the benign granulomatosis, adenocarcinoma tumor and squamous cell carcinoma of human lung tissue compared with that from the normal lung tissue, respectively. Therefore, we inferred from this pilot study that the OCT imaging is a feasible method to distinguish normal and cancer lung tissue., (© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Photochemistry and Photobiology © 2011 The American Society of Photobiology.)

The objective of this work is to quantify and compare the optical clearing efficacy of glucose, propylene glycol, glycerol solutions through the human skin tissue in vivo by calculating permeability coefficient of three solutions. Currently, the permeability coefficient of agent in tissues was extracted from optical coherence tomography (OCT) amplitude data mainly through the OCT signal slope and the OCT amplitude methods. In this study, we report the OCT attenuation coefficient method which is a relatively novel and rarely reported methodology to measure the permeability coefficient during the optical skin clearing procedure. The permeability coefficients for 40% propylene glycol, glucose and glycerol were (2.74 ± 0.05) × 10(-6) cm s(-1), (1.78 ± 0.04) × 10(-6) cm s(-1) and (1.67 ± 0.04) × 10(-6) cm s(-1), respectively. It could be clearly seen that the permeability coefficient of the 40% propylene glycol solution is higher than that of 40% glucose solution, and the permeability coefficient of the 40% glucose solution is higher than that of the 40% glycerol solution. These indicate 40% propylene glycol solution is more effective than others in the human skin in vivo. We then compare and prove consistency of optical clearing efficacy figured out by three different methods., (© 2011 The Authors. Photochemistry and Photobiology © 2011 The American Society of Photobiology.)

Background: The diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) remains challenging. We performed a proteome-wide search for potential serum protein diagnostic markers for MG using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS)., Methods: Proteomic spectra from 80 MG patients and 80 healthy individuals were generated by SELDI. Samples from 56 MG patients and 56 healthy individuals in the training set were analyzed to set up the decision tree. Samples from 24 MG patients and 24 healthy individuals were used for cross-validation testing., Results: The SELDI TOFMS analysis generated 101 peaks, representing differentially expressed proteins between 1000 and 20000 Da. Among them, 9 peaks were down-regulated and 30 others were up-regulated in the MG sera compared with the controls. The decision tree used the peak at M4168.94 Da and M1122.57 Da as splitters in the classification process. In the training set, 112 samples were classified as MG or control group, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 89.3%; the 10-fold cross-validated analysis identified the optimal decision tree with the lowest relative cross-validated cost of 0.080. In the test set, the decision tree generated was able to identify 20 of 24 MG patients and 21 of 24 healthy individuals with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 87.5%., Conclusions: SELDI TOFMS is a useful tool for the detection and identification of potential serum biomarkers that can diagnose MG with high sensitivity and specificity.

The absorption coefficients, the reduced scattering coefficients and the optical penetration depths for native and coagulated human normal and adenomatous colon tissues in vitro were determined over the range of 400-1,100 nm using a spectrophotometer with an internal integrating sphere system, and the inverse adding-doubling method was applied to calculate the tissue optical properties from diffuse reflectance and total transmittance measurements. The experimental results showed that in the range of 400-1,100 nm there were larger absorption coefficients (P < 0.01) and smaller reduced scattering coefficients (P < 0.01) for adenomatous colon tissues than for normal colon tissues, and there were smaller optical penetration depths for adenomatous colon tissues than for normal colon tissues, especially in the near-infrared wavelength. Thermal coagulation induced significant increase of the absorption coefficients and reduced scattering coefficients for the normal and adenomatous colon tissues, and significantly reduced decrease of the optical penetration depths for the normal and adenomatous colon tissues. The smaller optical penetration depth for coagulated adenomatous colon tissues is a disadvantage for laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). It is necessary to adjust the application parameters of lasers to achieve optimal therapy.