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Semi-natural grasslands are hotspots of biodiversity in Europe and provide amounts of flower resources for pollinators. We present data on composition and spatial turnover of herb species and flower resources in and between semi-natural grasslands in Romania mown at different times during the growth season (early, intermediate, late). The data include herb species occurrences, their phenological stage, flower resources, and measures of spatial turnover of the species occurrences and flower resources based on Detrended Correspondence Analyses (DCA), in the start of August. The dataset is provided as supplementary material and associated with the research article "Traditional semi-natural grassland management with heterogeneous mowing times enhances flower resources for pollinators in agricultural landscapes" [1] Johansen et al.. See Johansen et al. for data interpretation.

In this paper, I will examine how the role of hope can inform our interpretation of the classical principles of medical ethics. Defining hope as a future-oriented expectation for the good, I will look at how it can shape our understanding of justice, beneficence, respect for autonomy and non-maleficence. I will suggest that ethically engaging with these principles in medical practice requires placing value on the patient-practitioner relation as a mode of hope. Engaging the writings of Emmanuel Lévinas and Søren Kierkegaard, I will show how hope reveals itself through responsible and expectant relationship, even in the midst of suffering.

In this article I will examine how the language of diagnosis can engage with existential epistemology to develop a concept of Progressively Empowered Internalisation (PEI). This, I will argue, challenges conceptualisations of diagnosis as articulating and maintaining a static self-concept. It enables the individual to synthesise the language of a particular mental experience within the wider engagement of their own active process of self-becoming. I will suggest that this construction of PEI addresses the limitations of stigmatisation and static self-concepts. In seeing the language of diagnosis as a helpful tool for understanding a part of one's self-experience, it presents an alternative to the illness-based model of mental health. This conceptualisation engages with Kierkegaard's existential epistemology, as a means of using language to understand the task of becoming oneself and relating to others. Furthermore, it explores how mental health diagnosis requires communal engagement to enable the wellbeing of its members. Diagnosis is thereby seen as a process of further empowering the individual with the language to explain a particular part of their experience within the overall movement of developing an integrated self-concept.

Prolonged waiting times to receive mental health services are common and may have negative consequences. This study examines the relationship between waiting time and treatment engagement among 2,054 youth referred to an evidence based treatment (EBT). Findings indicate that families are more likely to refuse services if they face longer waiting times. Families exposed to a prolonged waiting time were also more likely to drop out prematurely from Functional Family Therapy, but this relationship was not significant among youth receiving Multisystemic Therapy. Implications for EBT implementation and strategies for engaging families are discussed.

In this short critical analysis, the author examines the recent argument by Moen in his article 'Is Prostitution Harmful?' In highlighting why prostitution does not cause harm to either member involved in the act, Moen argues that prostitution is not an ethical concern. However, while Moen is able to clearly challenge contemporary objections to prostitution, the author of this review will suggest that Moen's argument is itself incomplete as it does not address essential key ontological issues. This critical analysis will briefly suggest why this omission weakens Moen's argument. Finally, it will conclude with examining why prostitution differs substantially from other professions through the type of harm that it causes to the moral agents involved.

This paper addresses key philosophical and social questions that shape the contemporary discourse on prostitution. The initial section outlines the contemporary challenges facing legislative practice on prostitution in England. This involves analysing moral and legal framework surrounding prostitution that has made the current legislative dilemma surrounding prostitution practice possible. The second part of the paper then outlines the history of the philosophy of human rights from Aquinas to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). The paper concludes by analysing whether the current ontology employed by human rights theory is effective in creating a system of just relatedness between agents, made visible in concrete legislative guidance. I argue that legislation guided by a fragmented teleology and ontological anthropology enables asymmetrical patterns of relatedness that can cause genuine physical and psychological harm to individuals.

Study Objectives: To evaluate the validity and reliability of 2 new models of commercially available actigraphs compared to polysomnography for children and adolescents., Design and Setting: Subjects concurrently wore the Ambulatory Monitoring Inc. Motionlogger Sleep Watch (AMI) and the Phillips Respironics Mini-Mitter Actiwatch-2 (PRMM) while undergoing overnight polysomnography (PSG) in a pediatric sleep laboratory housed in a tertiary care children's hospital., Participants: 115 youth (59 girls, 56 boys), ages 3-18 years (mean 8.8 years, SD 4.4 years)., Measurements: Outcome variables were total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE). Epoch-by-epoch comparisons were made between the 2 devices and PSG to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Agreement between the 2 devices was determined with t-tests and the Bland-Altman concordance technique. Different algorithms/sensitivities, developmental age groups, and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) status were also examined., Results: For both device brands, sensitivity (0.89-0.97), specificity (0.54-0.77), and accuracy (0.87-0.90) were similar to previous reports. Notably, compared to PSG, both device brands significantly overestimated WASO, while the AMI device also significantly underestimated TST. Inter-device comparison of the 2 brands found poor agreement for TST, WASO, and SE. Agreement with PSG differed depending on the scoring algorithm (AMI) or sensitivity setting (PRMM), as well as across developmental age group and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) status., Conclusions: Similar to previous reports, both new actigraph brands were found to have good sensitivity (to detect sleep), but poorer specificity (to detect wake). Study results also suggest that researchers should adjust the scoring algorithm/sensitivity depending on a study's design (e.g., young children vs. adolescents, healthy children vs. youth with SDB). Further, inter-device reliability was poor, suggesting the need for caution when comparing results across studies that use different brands of actigraphic devices.

Background: The use of actigraphy in pediatric sleep research has increased over the past decade, yet few guidelines exist to help investigators with scoring and interpretation. The primary aim of this study was to compare two commonly reported non-automated rules for scoring sleep-onset and sleep-offset., Methods: Forty children (8-12 years) wore an actigraph for one week and completed a daily sleep diary. Sleep-onset and sleep-offset were scored using the "15 minute rule" (onset: 1st of ≥ 15 consecutive minutes of sleep after reported bedtime; offset: last minute of ≥ 15 consecutive minutes of sleep prior to reported wake time) and the "3/5 minute rule" (onset: 1st of ≥ 3 consecutive minutes of sleep after reported bedtime; offset: last minute of ≥ 5 consecutive minutes of sleep prior to reported wake time). A blinded "no diary" rule was also examined (using unaided judgment to identify sleep-onset and sleep-offset)., Results: Statistical differences were found between scoring rules for sleep-offset [F (2,74)=7.68, p=.001], sleep period [F (2,74)=5.05, p=.009], wake after sleep-onset [F (2,74)=7.68, p=.001], sleep minutes [F (2,74)=3.62, p=.03], and sleep efficiency [F (2,74)=6.50, p=.003]; however, these differences were not clinically meaningful., Conclusions: While the findings from this study suggest that data can be compared across studies that use different scoring rules, standard scoring rules are needed to ensure that reported results are valid and meaningful., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Communicating risk is an important activity in medical decision-making; yet, numeracy is not a universal skill among the American public. We examined the hypothesis that numerical risk information about the use of hydroxyurea for children with sickle cell disease would elicit different risk assessment responses when visual depictions were used instead of abstract numbers and depending on the disease severity. Parents of 81 children with sickle cell disease participated in a survey in which hydroxyurea was first described as carrying a certain chance of risk for both birth defects and cancer. Then, the parents indicated the highest risk at which they would hypothetically consent to the treatment to help their child. Risk presentations were repeated with abstract numerical, pie graph, and 1000 people histogram formats. The χ analyses comparing high-risk to low-risk assessment across presentation formats showed high consistency between visual depictions but low consistency of abstract numerical with visual depictions. The parents of children with SC and other less severe types of SCD were less willing to accept higher risk than those with SS when the data were presented numerically. Given earlier concerns about poor "numeracy" in the US population, visual depictions of risk could be an effective tool for routine communication in health education and medical decision-making.

Introduction: Better understanding of effective parent-adolescent communication regarding tobacco use could inform smoking cessation intervention., Methods: Semistructured interviews related to communication about smoking were conducted with 15 depressed adolescent smokers and their parents, primarily from urban areas. This study, conducted in 2006-2008, was funded by the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Interview transcripts (N = 30) were coded in QSR N6., Results: Quality of communication, rather than content, seemed to determine whether parental communication was effective. Parents reactivity to, or avoidance of, adolescent smoking presented a barrier to effective communication. In this sample, parents and adolescents were more concerned about problems, such as depression, than smoking., Discussion: Involving parents in adolescent smoking cessation programs may be promising. Parental involvement may include teaching parent-child communication skills, building stronger relational bonds, or helping parents quit simultaneously. Further research is needed to explore whether coupling smoking cessation with depression treatment increases parent and adolescent treatment engagement and effectiveness.