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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a class of crystalline organic-inorganic hybrid materials, have demonstrated excellent performance in many fields, resulting in attracting more and more attention. Recently, MOFs have been widely used as functional materials to immobilize aptamers via various interaction forces. The MOF-based aptasensors exhibit outstanding sensing performance, including high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and good designability, by utilizing the advantages of MOFs and aptamers. Developing MOF-based aptasensors is gradually becoming one of the important research hotspots. Herein, a comprehensive review of aptasensors based on MOFs is provided to summarize recent advancements in this field. Some representative examples are discussed in detail. Furthermore, opportunities and challenges in this field are proposed in this review.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor. Although the proteomics of HCC is well studied, the landscape of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in HCC is poorly understood. The PTMs themselves and their crosstalk might be deeply involved in HCC development and progression. Herein, we investigated nine types of PTMs in paired tumor and normal tissues from nine patients with HCC using the label-free quantitative liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based technique. We identified >60,000 modified sites, and found that phosphorylation and ubiquitination were two most frequently changed PTMs between tumor and normal tissues. Crosstalk between malonylation-ubiquitination, phosphorylation-ubiquitination, and succinylation-propionylation were most significant among all PTMs. Further analysis revealed that Thr-160 of CDK2 regulated EZH2 via H3K27me3, and proposed a PTPN2-STAT1-AOX1 axis for HCC development through driver PTM exploration. In conclusion, our study provides a database of multiple PTMs in HCC, which might help to understand the biology of HCC and reveal novel targets for drug development., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declared no competing interests., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objective: This systematic review aimed to 1) update the existing evidence on the antidepressant effects of aerobic exercise (AE) in youth. 2) Investigate any potential dose‒response relationships between AE interventions and depressive symptom reduction. 3) Provide evidence-based insights to inform future research and clinical depression treatment., Methods: Employing the PRISMA and PERSiST guidelines, a comprehensive search across nine databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, SportDiscus, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, and CNKI) yielded a total of 782 relevant studies. Following rigorous selection criteria, 26 eligible studies (comprising 22 different samples) were included in the analysis, featuring a combined sample size of 1308 participants. The meta-analysis was conducted via R., Results: AE notably decreased depressive symptoms among youth [g = -0.92; 95% CI (-1.16, -0.69); p < 0.01]. Significant dose‒response relationships were observed across age groups [β = -0.06; 95% CI (-0.12, 0.00), p < 0.05], the intensity [β = -0.03; 95% CI (-0.06, 0.00); p < 0.05], and the duration ^ 2 [β = 0.001, 95% CI (0.001, 0.002), p < 0.05] of the AE intervention., Conclusions: Aerobic exercise interventions can effectively alleviate depressive symptoms in youth. A moderate-intensity AE program, lasting 25-40 min and conducted three times a week for 9-15 weeks, can increase alleviation of depression., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Active learning on graphs (ALG) has emerged as a compelling research field due to its capacity to address the challenge of label scarcity. Existing ALG methods incorporate diversity into their query strategies to maximize the gains from node sampling, improving robustness and reducing redundancy in graph learning. However, they often overlook the complex entanglement of latent factors inherent in graph-structured data. This oversight can lead to a sampling process that fails to ensure diversity at a finer-grained level, thereby missing the opportunity to sample more valuable nodes. To this end, we propose a novel approach, Disentangled Active Learning on Graphs (DALG). In this work, we first design the Disenconv-AL layer to learn disentangled feature embedding, then construct the influence graph for each node and create a dedicated "memory list" to store the resultant influence weights. On this basis, our approach aims to make the model not excessively focus on a few latent factors during the sampling phase. Specifically, we prioritize addressing latent factors with the most significant impact on the sampled node in the previous round, thereby ensuring that current sampling can better focus on other latent factors. Compared with existing methodologies, our approach pioneers reach diversity from the latent factor that drives the formation of graph data at a finer-grained level, thereby enabling further improvements in the benefits delivered with a limited labeling budget. Extensive experiments across eight public datasets show that DALG surpasses state-of-the-art graph active learning methods, achieving an improvement of up to approximately 15% in both Micro-F1 and Macro-F1., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Common-signal-induced synchronization of semiconductor lasers have promising applications in physical-layer secure transmission with high speed and compatibility with the current fiber communication. Here, we propose an ultra-long-distance laser synchronization scheme by utilizing random digital optical communication signal as the common drive signal. By utilizing the long-haul optical coherent communication techniques, high-fidelity fiber transmission of the digital drive can be achieved and thus ultra-long-distance synchronization is expected. Experiments were implemented with distributed feedback lasers injected by a random-digital phase-modulated drive light. Results show that high-quality synchronization can be achieved as the drive signal rate is larger than the laser relaxation frequency and the transmission bit error ratio is below a critical value. Chaos synchronization over 8191-km fiber transmission was experimentally achieved. Compared to traditional common-signal-induced synchronization using analog drive signal such as chaos, the distance is increased by 8 times, and complicated hardware devices for channel impairment compensation are no longer required. In addition, the proposed method does not sacrifice communication capacity like traditional methods which need a channel to transmit analog drive signal. It is therefore believed that this common-digital-signal induced laser synchronization paves a way for secure backbone and submarine transmission., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Suaeda salsa, the dominant herbaceous plant in the high salinity areas of Asia, can even grow in the heavy metal polluted region. In order to illustrate the mechanisms of Cd (cadmium) tolerance in S. salsa, the accumulation, physiological and proteomic characters under two different concentrations of Cd exposure were investigated in this study. The results showed a significant decrease in root and seedling growth rate, as well as an increase in Cd ion content in all tissues of S. salsa, in response to the increased Cd concentration. Furthermore, it was found that Cd was mainly accumulated in the root compared with the stem and leaf. Further proteomic analysis revealed that in the root of S. salsa under 7-d Cd exposure, 260 and 237 proteins were significantly upregulated in 1 μg/L and 20 μg/L Cd treatment groups, respectively. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that cellulose synthase with the function of cell wall organization was upregulated under Cd stress. Moreover, the proteins functioning as the transporters of iron (ATP-binding cassettes protein, metal tolerance proteins, yellow-stripe-like proteins) and organic compounds (oligopeptide transporters, phosphate transporters) were also highly expressed, which indicated that the accumulation of Cd in the root of S. salsa may be mainly regulated through Cd immobilization by the cell wall or transportation into vacuoles. These findings enhance our understanding of the impacts of Cd pollution in S. salsa and may form a basis for future phytoremediation and biomarker studies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors disclosed no relevant relationships., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Diffusion limitations and monofunctional acidity of ZSM-5 molecular sieves affect the catalyst stability and aromatic yield in the reaction of methanol to aromatics (MTA). In this study, based on ZSM-5 nanosheets as parent molecular sieves, Zn-modified hollow ZSM-5 nanosheets were obtained after hydrothermal treatment by adding ZIF-8 or zinc nitrate as a source of Zn while treating with different types and concentrations of alkali solutions. The physical and chemical properties of the fabricated samples and their catalytic performance of methanol aromatization were systematically investigated by a combination of XRD, TEM, N 2 adsorption-desorption, NH 3 -TPD, Py-IR, 27 Al MAS NMR, 29 Si MAS NMR, XPS, and TG characterization analyses and MTA experimental evaluation. The results indicated that a hollow structure emerged in the samples after alkaline treatment, with a significant increase in the proportion of mesopores, which further increased with the concentration of the alkaline solution. Both alkaline treatment and the introduction of Zn led to changes in the acidity of the catalyst. The increase in tetrahedrally coordinated aluminum during the alkaline treatment resulted in a higher content of B acid sites, while the introduction of Zn formed Zn-Lewis acid sites. Among the prepared samples, the catalyst obtained using ZIF-8 as the Zn source and treated with a mixed alkaline solution of 0.15 M sodium hydroxide and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (Zn Z8 (N+T)/Z5) exhibited higher relative crystallinity, more appropriate micromesopore ratio, a greater amount of Zn(OH) + , and a suitable B/L ratio (0.74). Under the same conditions (450 °C, atmospheric pressure, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 5 h -1 ), the aromatic product yield of Zn Z8 (N+T)/Z5 reached 26.2%, which is 14 percentage points higher than that of the parent ZSM-5 and 4 percentage points higher than that of Zn ZN (N+T)/Z5 modified with zinc nitrate as the Zn source. After 8 h of reaction, the aromatic yield over Zn Z8 (N+T)/Z5 could still be maintained above 18.5% with good catalyst stability.

The calcium (Ca 2+ ) sensor ROD1 (RESISTANCE OF RICE TO DISEASES1) is a master regulator of immunity in rice. By screening suppressors of rod1 mutants, we show that ROD1 governs immune homeostasis by surveilling the activation of a canonical immune pathway. Mutations in OsTIR ( TIR-only protein ), OsEDS1 ( enhanced disease susceptibility 1 ), OsPAD4 ( phytoalexin deficient 4 ), and OsADR1 ( activated disease resistance 1 ) all abolish enhanced disease resistance of rod1 plants. OsTIR catalyzes the production of second messengers 2'-(5″-phosphoribosyl)-5'-adenosine monophosphate (pRib-AMP) and diphosphate (pRib-ADP), which trigger formation of an OsEDS1-OsPAD4-OsADR1 (EPA) immune complex. ROD1 interacts with OsTIR and inhibits its enzymatic activity, whereas mutation of ROD1 leads to constitutive activation of the EPA complex. Thus, we unveil an immune network that fine-tunes immune homeostasis and multipathogen resistance in rice.

The high overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the strong corrosion of the anode are the main problems currently faced by the zinc hydrometallurgical process. This study achieved the successful in situ synthesis of titanium dioxide nanotubes doped by Al and V on a TC4 alloy. Subsequently, a composite electrode, TC4/AVTN-7/PbO 2 -ZrO 2 -Co 3 O 4 , was prepared utilizing composite electrodeposition. An investigation was conducted on the phase composition, surface morphology, electronic structure, and electrochemical performance of the composite electrode. The results indicate that Al and V co-doped TiO 2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) maintain their intact tubular morphology. The doping of Al and V reduced the band gap width of TiO 2 from 3.13 eV to 2.84 eV, making it easier for valence band electrons to transition to the conduction band, forming hole-electron pairs, and effectively enhancing the conductivity of the intermediate layer. The TC4/AVTN-7/PbO 2 -ZrO 2 -Co 3 O 4 showed an overpotential ( η ) of 660 mV at 50 mA cm -2 in an electrolyte with 50 g L -1 Zn 2+ and 150 g L -1 H 2 SO 4 . Compared to TC4/AVTN-7/PbO 2 , its η value is decreased by 243.32 mV. At a high current density of 2 A cm -2 , the accelerated corrosion life reached 39 hours in 1.5 M H 2 SO 4 medium. In long-term zinc electrowinning simulation tests, TC4/AVTN-7/PbO 2 -ZrO 2 -Co 3 O 4 exhibited excellent stability. Compared with traditional lead-silver alloy anodes, the cell voltage and power consumption of TC4/AVTN-7/PbO 2 -ZrO 2 -Co 3 O 4 decreased to 2.82 V and 2649.46 kWh t -1 Zn -1 , respectively, demonstrating significant energy-saving benefits.

Thermal treatment of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) presents a promising opportunity to halt the PFAS cycle. However, how co-occurring materials such as granular activated carbon (GAC) influence thermal decomposition products of PFASs, and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We studied the pyrolysis of two potassium salts of perfluoroalkanesulfonates (PFSAs, C n F 2n+1 SO 3 K), perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS-K), and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS-K), with or without GAC. PFBS-K is more stable than PFOS-K for pure standards, but when it is adsorbed onto GAC, its thermal stabilities and decomposition behaviors are similar. Temperatures and heating rates can significantly influence the decomposition mechanisms and products for pure standards, while these effects are less pronounced when PFSAs are adsorbed onto GAC. We further studied the underlying decomposition mechanisms. Pure standards of C n F 2n+1 SO 3 K can decompose directly in their condense phase by reactions: F(CF 2 ) n SO 3 K → F(CF 2 ) n-2 CF═CF 2 + KFSO 3 or F(CF 2 ) n SO 3 K → F(CF 2 ) n - + K + + SO 3 . GAC appears to facilitate breakage of the C-S bond to release SO 2 at temperatures as low as 280 °C. GAC promotes fluorine mineralization through functional reactive sites. SiO 2 is particularly important for the surface-mediated mineralization of PFASs into SiF 4 . These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing thermal treatment strategies for PFAS-contaminated waste.

Objective: To explore the application value of 5 Fr non-contact hysteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine diseases in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women., Methods: A total of 200 perimenopausal and postmenopausal patients who were to undergo hysteroscopy for intrauterine diseases from October 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the research objects, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different treatment methods, these subjects were divided into a 5Fr non-contact hysteroscopic group (5Fr group) and a traditional hysteroscopic group (traditional group), with 100 cases in each group. The surgery-related indicators, postoperative-related indicators, intraoperative/postoperative disease diagnosis, and satisfaction of the patients in the two groups were compared., Results: Compared with the traditional group, the examination time of the 5Fr group was significantly shortened, and the proportion of intraoperative bleeding ≤ 5 mL was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the traditional group, the proportion of abnormal heart rate/blood pressure and nausea/vomiting, and pain score were significantly reduced in the 5Fr group (P < 0.05), while the proportion of postoperative bleeding time ≤ 1 week and postoperative abdominal pain time ≤ 2 h were significantly increased in the 5Fr group (P < 0.05). The satisfaction rate of the 5Fr group was 91.00% (41.00% relatively satisfied + 50.00% very satisfied), which was much higher than 75% (37.00% relatively satisfied + 38.00% very satisfied) in the traditional group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: 5Fr non-contact hysteroscopy had similar clinical effects to the traditional hysteroscopy, and the 5Fr non-contact hysteroscopy technology made up for the shortcomings of the traditional hysteroscopy, which could significantly reduce the pain and intraoperative bleeding of patients, and improve patient satisfaction., Competing Interests: Declarations. Human Ethics and consent to participate declarations: This study was approved by The Ethics Committee of Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Approval number: PJ-2022-06). Written informed consent was obtained from each participant for the participation in the study. Consent for publication: Not Applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Many studies have achieved excellent performance in analyzing graph-structured data. However, learning graph-level representations for graph classification is still a challenging task. Existing graph classification methods usually pay less attention to the fusion of node features and ignore the effects of different-hop neighborhoods on nodes in the graph convolution process. Moreover, they discard some nodes directly during the graph pooling process, resulting in the loss of graph information. To tackle these issues, we propose a new Graph Multi-Convolution and Attention Pooling based graph classification method (GMCAP). Specifically, the designed Graph Multi-Convolution (GMConv) layer explicitly fuses node features learned from different perspectives. The proposed weight-based aggregation module combines the outputs of all GMConv layers, for adaptively exploiting the information over different-hop neighborhoods to generate informative node representations. Furthermore, the designed Local information and Global Attention based Pooling (LGAPool) utilizes the local information of a graph to select several important nodes and aggregates the information of unselected nodes to the selected ones by a global attention mechanism when reconstructing a pooled graph, thus effectively reducing the loss of graph information. Extensive experiments show that GMCAP outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on graph classification tasks, demonstrating that GMCAP can learn graph-level representations effectively.

Gout in goslings has become widespread and caused huge economic losses for the goose industry. Emerging evidence suggests that goose astrovirus (GAstV) is a prominent etiological factor of gout in goslings. At present, 2 genotypes of GAstV have been identified named GAstV-1 and GAstV-2. Here, we isolated the GAstV-1 HBLY strain and GAstV-2 XT1 strain from HeBei province of China. The genome and proliferation characteristics of GAstV-1 and GAstV-2 were analyzed and the results showed that the whole genome identity was 53.8% to 55.8%, especially the nucleotide and amino acids identity of ORF2 and Cap protein was only 49.5% to 50.5% and 19.6% to 22.6 %. Interestingly, GAstV-1 and GAstV-2 with such low homology both can cause gout in goslings. To further explore this phenomenon, the whole genomic expression profile of goose embryonic fibroblasts (GEFs) infected with GAstV-1 was investigated in comparison with GAstV-2. The results revealed that 126 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between GAstV-1-infected and uninfected cells at 48 h postinfection (hpi), and 262 DEGs between GAstV-2 and uninfected. Among these, there are 15 commonly up-regulated genes and 19 commonly down-regulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and short time-series expression miner (STEM) analysis suggested that GAstV-1 can induce a higher innate immune response to GEFs, while GAstV-2 has a more pronounced effect on GEFs metabolic pathways. The transcriptomic analysis results significantly enhance our comprehension of the pathogenic mechanisms of GAstV., Competing Interests: DISCLOSURES The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Malaria remains a serious public health problem worldwide, particularly in Africa. Resistance to antimalarial drugs is an essential issue for malaria control and elimination. Currently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with Sanger sequencing is regarded as the gold standard for mutation detection. However, this method fails to meet the requirements of point-of-care testing (POCT) because of its time-consuming, expensive instruments and professional dependence. To support this strategy, we developed a novel diagnostic platform that combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with the Pyrococcus furiosus argonaute (PfAgo) protein and was designed to detect gene mutations related to antimalarial drug resistance. The Pfcrt haplotypes CVMNK and CVIET of chloroquine resistance (CQR) were used as examples and were assessed in this study., Methods: By meticulously designing strategies, RPA primers, guide DNAs, and probes were screened, the reaction was optimized, and the resulting parameters were employed to ascertain the genotype of Pfcrt. The recombinant plasmids pUC57/Pfcrt-CVIET and pUC57/Pfcrt-CVMNK were constructed and diluted for sensitivity detection. The pUC57/Pfcrt-CVIET plasmid mixture was added to the pUC57/Pfcrt-CVMNK plasmid mixture in different additions to configure several specific proportions of mixed plasmid mixtures. The RPA-PfAgo platform was used, and the mixed plasmid was detected simultaneously via nest-PCR (nPCR) and Sanger sequencing. The platform was then evaluated on 85 clinical samples and compared with Sanger sequencing., Results: The entire process achieves the key mutation Pfcrt-CVMNK/CVIET genotype identification of CQR within 90 min. The platform achieved 1.8 × 10 4 copies/μL sensitivity and could detect as little as 3% CVIET in mixed plasmids, which is a higher sensitivity than that of Sanger sequencing (5%). Notably, the platform shows 100% concordance with the gold standard method when 85 clinical samples are tested. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% for the 85 clinical samples., Conclusions: This study established an RPA-PfAgo platform for genotyping the key mutation Pfcrt-CVMNK/CVIET of CQR. This method can rapidly produce reliable results and avoid the disadvantages of nPCR with sequencing. This approach has the characteristics of a short operation time, low device dependence, and a good match to the POCT strategy, suggesting that the platform can be easily applied locally or on site., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The studies involving humans were approved by the medical ethics committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities. The studies were conducted in accordance with local legislation and institutional requirements. Written informed consent for participation in this study was provided by the participants’ legal guardians. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

A pivotal approach in engineering artificial peripheral nerve sheaths encompasses the augmentation of the regenerative microenvironment via the manipulation of Schwann cells (SCs). Our investigation employed single-cell sequencing analysis to elucidate the potential functions of Schwann cells and the Wnt pathway in facilitating peripheral nerve regeneration. In vitro studies showed that activating the Wnt signaling pathway promotes the transition to repair SCs, boosting their growth, movement, and immune functions. To better understand the peripheral nerve regeneration environment, we created a polymer scaffold using ammonization and electrospinning. The Wnt3a protein was incorporated into the polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun fiber surface. In a rat sciatic nerve defect model, the Wnt3a-modified scaffold showed better nerve repair outcomes than traditional electrospun scaffolds. After a week, the test group showed better immune regulation and angiogenesis, with a significant increase in axon growth rate observed after 3 weeks. Three-month-long animal experiments revealed notable improvements in neuroelectrophysiology, reduced organ atrophy, and enhanced sciatic nerve recovery. In this nerve defect model, Wnt3a-modified neural scaffolds achieved repair effects.

Chronic inflammation is a key characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is associated with follicular dysplasia in PCOS. PCOS patients treated with 1000 mg resveratrol (RES) daily for 3 months showed significant improvement in menstrual cycle regularity compared to the placebo group. This investigation explores potential impact of RES on a rat model of PCOS. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to a 30-day letrozole/high-fat diet interventions for PCOS model establishment, followed by RES intervention (20 mg/kg/d) for an additional 30 days. RES intervention mitigated obesity, estrous cycle irregularities, and ovulation disorders while decreasing serum testosterone and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in PCOS rats. Concurrently, inflammatory markers (TNF-α, NLPR3, IL-6,) and pyroptosis-related markers (GSDMD, cleaved-Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18) were downregulated. Additionally, KGN cells (a human granulosa-like cell line) were treated with LPS and RES for in vitro assays. It was observed that RES (15 μM) significantly reduced ROS production and downregulated inflammatory cytokine expression in LPS-intervened KGN cells. Additionally, RES downregulated the expression levels of pyroptosis-related factors (GSDMD and cleaved-Caspase-1) and attenuated IL-18 and IL-1β secretion in LPS-induced KGN cells. Furthermore, RES intervention improved the pyroptosis-associated morphology of KGN cells after LPS treatment. In conclusion, RES may restore follicular development in PCOS rats by inhibiting inflammation and NLRP3/GSDMD/Caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, providing new insights into potential therapeutic approaches for PCOS., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Thermal treatment is effective for the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). However, how temperatures, heating methods, and granular activated carbon (GAC) influence pyrolysis of PFOA, and emission risks are not fully understood. We studied thermal behaviors of PFOA at various conditions and analyzed gaseous products using real-time detection technologies and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The thermal decomposition of PFOA is surface-mediated. On the surface of quartz, PFOA decomposed into perfluoro-1-heptene and perfluoro-2-heptene, while on GAC, it tended to decompose into 1 H-perfluoroheptane (C 7 HF 15 ). Neutral PFOA started evaporating around 100 ℃ without decomposition in ramp heating. During pyrolysis, when PFOA was pre-adsorbed onto GAC, it was mineralized into SiF 4 and produced more than 45 volatile organic fluorine (VOF) byproducts, including perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). The VOF products were longer-chain (hydro)fluorocarbons (C4-C7) at low temperatures (< 500 ℃) and became shorter-chain (C1-C4) at higher temperatures (> 600 ℃). PFOA transformations include decarboxylation, VOF desorption, further organofluorine decomposition and mineralization in ramp heating of PFOA-laden GAC. Decarboxylation initiates at 120 ℃, but other processes require higher temperatures (>200 ℃). These results offer valuable information regarding the thermal regeneration of PFAS-laden GAC and further VOF control with the afterburner or thermal oxidizer., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) can quickly and accurately learn graph representations and have shown powerful performance in many graph learning domains. Despite their effectiveness, neighborhood awareness remains essential and challenging for GCNs. Existing methods usually perform neighborhood-aware steps only from the node or hop level, which leads to a lack of capability to learn the neighborhood information of nodes from both global and local perspectives. Moreover, most methods learn the nodes' neighborhood information from a single view, ignoring the importance of multiple views. To address the above issues, we propose a multi-view adaptive neighborhood-aware approach to learn graph representations efficiently. Specifically, we propose three random feature masking variants to perturb some neighbors' information to promote the robustness of graph convolution operators at node-level neighborhood awareness and exploit the attention mechanism to select important neighbors from the hop level adaptively. We also utilize the multi-channel technique and introduce a proposed multi-view loss to perceive neighborhood information from multiple perspectives. Extensive experiments show that our method can better obtain graph representation and has high accuracy.

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a carcinogenic disinfection byproduct formed from reactions between dichloramine and organic nitrogen-containing precursors. It is unclear if NDMA precursors in surface water intakes originate in anthropogenic (i.e., wastewater) or natural sources. The Truckee River has a single point source release of treated wastewater effluent, making it an ideal system to study the relative importance of precursor sources. Three Lagrangian sampling events were conducted. NDMA formation potential (FP, a measurement of precursors) above the wastewater outfall indicated that the natural background of NDMA precursors was 2-28 ng/L. NDMA FP increased to 18-31 ng/L immediately downstream of the wastewater outfall, but decreased rapidly in a first order manner, and were not statistically different from the upstream samples in only ∼6 km. This suggests that the dominant source of NDMA precursors may be wastewater derived only near wastewater outfalls and deviates from the previous belief that wastewater-derived precursors are responsible for NDMA formation in drinking water sources located further downstream. Additionally, given the rapid loss of the wastewater precursors in this study, precursors which are slow to biodegrade/photolyze/adsorb to sediment are likely to be poor surrogates for the overall wastewater NDMA precursor pool. To understand temporal changes in the wastewater impact on environmental NDMA precursor loading, two 24-hour sampling events were conducted near (<3 km) the wastewater outfall and demonstrated that temporal changes in the NDMA precursors directly downstream of the wastewater outfall are directly linked to the wastewater flow contribution., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Objective: To identify, appraise and synthesize current evidence on different sensory-based interventions on delirium prevention in critically ill patients., Data Sources: A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and WeiPu databases from inception to 2 June 2022. The data were updated on 24 December 2022. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42021254328)., Review Methods: Randomized controlled trials were included. Participants in the included studies were critically ill patients aged 18 years or older, and the interventions involved care by sensory-based intervention. And the outcome was the incidence of delirium rated by the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU Tool., Results: The 14 studies included in the systematic review indicated a reduction in the effectiveness of sensory-based intervention on the incidence of delirium. Subgroup analyses showed significant effects for auditory stimulation (OR, 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-0.79; p = 0.005) and tactile stimulation (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33-0.87; p = 0.01) but not for the effectiveness of visual intervention on the incidence of delirium (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.38-1.30; p = 0.27)., Conclusions: Sensory-based interventions significantly reduce the incidence of delirium in critical patients. It is suggested that when choosing sensory-based interventions, auditory intervention should be preferred., (© 2025 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Berberine (BBR) is used to treat diarrhea clinically. However, its reproductive toxicity is unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of BBR on the male reproductive system. Intragastric BBR administration for 14 consecutive days results in a significant decrease in the serum testosterone concentration, epididymal sperm concentration, mating rate and fecundity of male mice. Testicular treatment with testosterone propionate (TP) partially reverses the damage caused by BBR to the male reproductive system. Mechanistically, the decrease in Muribaculaceae abundance in the gut microbiota of mice is the principal cause of the BBR-induced decrease in the sperm concentration. Both fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment demonstrate that Muribaculaceae is necessary for spermatogenesis. The intragastric administration of Muribaculaceae intestinale to BBR-treated mice restores the sperm concentration and testosterone levels. Metabolomic analysis reveals that BBR affects arginine and proline metabolism, of which ornithine level is downregulated. Combined analysis via 16S rRNA metagenomics sequencing and metabolomics shows that Muribaculaceae regulates ornithine level. The transcriptomic results of the testes indicate that the expressions of genes related to the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-mediated testosterone synthesis pathway decrease after BBR administration. The transcriptional activity of the Ldlr gene in TM3 cells is increased with increased ornithine supplementation in the culture media, leading to increased testosterone synthesis. Overall, this study reveals an association between a BBR-induced decrease in Muribaculaceae abundance and defective spermatogenesis, providing a prospective therapeutic approach for addressing infertility-related decreases in serum testosterone triggered by changes in the gut microbiota composition.

Bismuth(III) alkanethiolates [Bi(SR) 3 ] formed by reacting Bi 2 O 3 with alkanethiols (RSH) undergo a UV-blue light driven ligand-to-metal charge transfer photoreduction to disulfides and Bi colloids, which are then oxidised to Bi 2 O 3 by dissolved oxygen and reconverted to Bi(SR) 3 by RSH to prepare for the next Bi-Bi 2 O 3 photoredox cycle, forming a basis for Bi(III)-catalysed thiol-to-disulfide conversion.

Eliciting anti-tumor immune responses and improving the tumor microenvironment crucial for boosting the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the primary types of immune cells infiltrating tumors, play a critical role in the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this study, we constructed a novel Evans Blue (EB)-based in vivo self-assembled nanocarrier system, mUNO-EB-ICG-Fc@Alb nanoparticles (designated as MA NPs), for targeted imaging and clearance of M2-TAMs to elicit antitumor immunotherapy of PD-1 inhibitor. In vitro experiments demonstrated the specific fluorescence imaging and killing effect of MA NPs on M2-TAMs. In vivo experiments shown that MA NPs-induced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) successfully reversed the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (ITM), promoted intratumoral infiltration of T lymphocytes, and ultimately enhancing the anti-tumor immunotherapy effect of PD-1 inhibitors. This study might provide good inspiration for improving the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yu, Hu, Yu, Ren, Zhang, Gao, Lyu, Wang, Xiao, Chen, Shang and Xu.)

The rational design of highly active and durable non-noble electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is significantly important but technically challenging. Herein, a phosphor and cobalt dual doped copper-nickel alloy (P, Co-CuNi) electrocatalyst with high-efficient HER performance is prepared by one-step electrodeposition method and reported for the first time. As a result, P, Co-CuNi only requires an ultralow overpotential of 56 mV to drive the current density of 10 mA cm -2 , with remarkable stability for over 360 h, surpassing most previously reported transition metal-based materials. It is discovered that the P doping can simultaneously increase the electrical conductivity and enhance the corrosion resistance, while the introduction of Co can precisely modulate the sub-nanosheets morphology to expose more accessible active sites. Moreover, XPS, UPS, and DFT calculations reveal that the synergistic effect of different dopants can achieve the most optimal electronic structure around Cu and Ni, causing a down-shifted d-band center, which reduces the hydrogen desorption free energy of the rate-determining step (H 2 O + e - + H* → H 2 + OH - ) and consequently enhances the intrinsic activity. This work provides a new cognition toward the development of excellent activity and stability HER electrocatalysts and spurs future study for other NiCu-based alloy materials., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have shown superior performance on graph classification tasks, and their structure can be considered as an encoder-decoder pair. However, most existing methods lack the comprehensive consideration of global and local in decoding, resulting in the loss of global information or ignoring some local information of large graphs. And the commonly used cross-entropy loss is essentially an encoder-decoder global loss, which cannot supervise the training states of the two local components (encoder and decoder). We propose a multichannel convolutional decoding network (MCCD) to solve the above-mentioned problems. MCCD first adopts a multichannel GCN encoder, which has better generalization than a single-channel GCN encoder since different channels can extract graph information from different perspectives. Then, we propose a novel decoder with a global-to-local learning pattern to decode graph information, and this decoder can better extract global and local information. We also introduce a balanced regularization loss to supervise the training states of the encoder and decoder so that they are sufficiently trained. Experiments on standard datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our MCCD in terms of accuracy, runtime, and computational complexity.

Currently, there is not much success in solving the molecular and crystal structures of long-chain metal alkanethiolate complexes [M(SC n H 2 n +1 ) m ] at the atomic level. Taking Sb(SC 16 H 33 ) 3 ( 1 ) as an example, we herein disclose the structural characteristics of long-chain trivalent antimony(III) alkanethiolates Sb(SC n H 2 n +1 ) 3 ( n ≥ 12) by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Specifically, the Sb atom is three-coordinated by alkanethiolate ligands and a slightly distorted triangular pyramid SbS 3 core is formed owing to the unique intramolecular stereochemistry of three alkyl chains, namely, two of them almost parallel aligning and the third chain extending alone around the SbS 3 core. We further determine the conformation, spatial orientation and packing density of alkyl chains in 1 along with a comparison to those in other long-chain crystalline systems, and reveal the roles of intermolecular van der Waals and Sb···S secondary interactions in molecular self-assembly, which enables 1 to be a layer-structured molecular crystal with a monoclinic P 2 1 / c unit cell. The band structures and the atomic orbital contributions to the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum for 1 have also been evaluated by DFT calculations and rationally correlated with its optical absorption property. This study will help understand and discover new structures and structure-property relations of long-chain chemical systems.

Efficient nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands (CWs) remains challenging when treating agricultural runoff with a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N). However, using biochar, iron ore, and FeCl 3 -modified biochar (Fe-BC) as amendments could potentially improve total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency in CWs, but the underlying mechanisms associated with adding these substrates are unclear. In this study, five CWs: quartz sand constructed wetland (Control), biochar constructed wetland, Fe-BC constructed wetland, iron ore constructed wetland, and iron ore + biochar constructed wetland, were built to compare their treatment performance. The rhizosphere microbial community compositions and their co-occurrence networks were analyzed to reveal the underlying mechanisms driving their treatment performance. The results showed that iron ore was the most efficient amendment, although all treatments increased TN removal efficiency in the CWs. Ammonia-oxidizing, heterotrophic denitrifying, nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous oxidizing (NAFO), and Feammox bacteria abundance was higher in the iron ore system and led to the simultaneous removal of NH 4 + -N, NO 3 - -N, and NO 2 - -N. Visual representations of the co-occurrence networks further revealed that there was an increase in cooperative mutualism (the high proportion of positive links) and more complex interactions among genera related to the nitrogen and iron cycle (especially ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria, NAFO bacteria, and Feammox bacteria) in the iron ore system, which ultimately contributed to the highest TN removal efficiency. This study provides critical insights into how different iron ore or biochar substrates could be used to treat agricultural runoff in CWs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We assure you that the material contained in this manuscript has not been published or submitted to another publisher in part or in whole. All authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approved it for publication. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Parathyroid cancer is an extremely rare form of neuroendocrine malignancy. Apart from surgery, the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is limited, and the efficacy of targeted drugs remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness and adverse reaction of the targeted drug surufatinib in treating a case of parathyroid cancer, and concurrently review the recent advancements in the treatment of parathyroid cancer. The patient, a 55-year-old male, underwent his first surgery for a "right cervical mass" in May 2011. Postoperative pathology indicated an atypical adenoma of the parathyroid gland. In August 2016, the patient underwent a second surgery for recurrence of the right cervical tumor, with a pathological diagnosis of parathyroid cancer based on clinical history. In November 2017, the patient underwent a third surgery for recurrence of the right cervical tumor. In December 2017, the patient underwent adjuvant external radiation therapy. In August 2022, the patient developed spinal and lung metastases and underwent spinal surgery. Subsequently, the patient received three rounds of chemotherapy on October 5, 2022, October 28, 2022, and November 18, 2022, but the tumor showed slight enlargement. In January 2023, the patient began treatment with surufatinib. After two cycles of treatment, the tumor showed regression. Given the scarcity of systemic treatment options for parathyroid cancer, the targeted drug surufatinib may offer a promising potential treatment option., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Background: Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is a crucial stage in the progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD). The purpose of this study is to explore the clinical value of ultrasound features and radiological analysis in predicting the diagnosis of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis., Method: An SD rat model of hepatic steatosis was established through a high-fat diet and subcutaneous injection of CCl 4 . Liver ultrasound images and elastography were acquired, along with serum data and histopathological results of rat livers.The Pyradiomics software was used to extract radiomic features from 2D ultrasound images of rat livers. The rats were then randomly divided into a training set and a validation set, and feature selection was performed through dimensionality reduction. Various machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed to build clinical diagnostic models, radiomic models, and combined diagnostic models. The efficiency of each diagnostic model for diagnosing NASH was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, Clinical Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), and calibration curves., Results: In the machine learning radiomic model for predicting the diagnosis of NASH, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of ROC curve for the clinical radiomic model in the training set and validation set were 0.989 and 0.885, respectively. The Decision Curve Analysis revealed that the clinical radiomic model had the highest net benefit within the probability threshold range of > 65%. The calibration curve in the validation set demonstrated that the clinical combined radiomic model is the optimal method for diagnosing Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis., Conclusion: The combined diagnostic model constructed using machine learning algorithms based on ultrasound image radiomics has a high clinical predictive performance in diagnosing Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Aims: Asthenozoospermia is the most common factor of male infertility, mainly caused by multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Previous studies have shown that genetic factors may contribute to MMAF and PCD. The study aimed to identify novel potentially pathogenic gene mutations in a Chinese infertile man with MMAF and PCD-like phenotypes. Methods: A Chinese infertile man with MMAF and PCD was enrolled in this study. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify potential causative genes and mutations. Results: A novel homozygous missense mutation (c.1450G>A; p.E484K) of CCDC40 was finally identified and Sanger sequencing confirmed that the patient carried the homozygous mutation, which was inherited from his parents. We reported the first homozygous missense CCDC40 mutation in infertile men with MMAF but had other milder PCD symptoms. Conclusion: Our findings not only broaden the disease-causing mutation spectrum of CCDC40 but also provide new insight into the correlation between CCDC40 mutations and MMAF.

The importance of protein kinase B (AKT) in tumorigenesis and development is well established, but its potential regulation of metabolic reprogramming via phosphorylation of the hexokinase (HK) isozymes remains unclear. There are two HK family members (HK1/2) and three AKT family members (AKT1/2/3), with varied distribution of AKTs exhibiting distinct functions in different tissues and cell types. Although AKT is known to phosphorylate HK2 at threonine 473, AKT-mediated phosphorylation of HK1 has not been reported. We examined direct binding and phosphorylation of HK1/2 by AKT1 and identified the phosphorylation modification sites using coimmunoprecipitation, glutathione pull-down, western blotting, and in vitro kinase assays. Regulation of HK activity through phosphorylation by AKT1 was also examined. Uptake of 2-[1,2- 3 H]-deoxyglucose and production of lactate were investigated to determine whether AKT1 regulates glucose metabolism by phosphorylating HK1/2. Functional assays, immunohistochemistry, and tumor experiments in mice were performed to investigate whether AKT1-mediated regulation of tumor development is dependent on its kinase activity and/or the involvement of HK1/2. AKT interacted with and phosphorylated HK1 and HK2. Serine phosphorylation significantly increased AKT kinase activity, thereby enhancing glycolysis. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation of HK1 at serine 178 (S178) by AKT significantly decreased the Km and enhanced the Vmax by interfering with the formation of HK1 dimers. Mutations in the AKT phosphorylation sites of HK1 or HK2 significantly abrogated the stimulatory characteristics of AKT on glycolysis, tumorigenesis, and cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and metastasis. HK1-S178 phosphorylation levels were significantly correlated with the occurrence and metastasis of different types of clinical tumors. We conclude that AKT not only regulates tumor glucose metabolism by directly phosphorylating HK1 and HK2, but also plays important roles in tumor progression, proliferation, and migration., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common malignancies in the world, and periodic examination of the patient is advantageous in reducing the mortality of CRC. The first blood-based Septin9 gene methylation assay which recognized by the US FDA for CRC examination was Epi proColon. However, this assay was not broadly applied in the current clinical guideline because of its relatively lower sensitivity in the detection of early-stage CRC., Methods: This study aimed at developing a new multiplex Septin9 methylation assay (ColonUSK) which simultaneously evaluates two CpG-rich subregions in the promoter of the Septin9 gene and an internal control in a single reaction. ColonUSK proved increased sensitivity, with a detection limit as low as 12pg of the positive DNA compared with the Septin9 assay targeting one CpG-rich subregion. 1366 subjects were prospectively recruited from four comprehensive hospitals in China in an opportunistic screening study for assessing its value in CRC detection. Blind testing was developed to evaluate ColonUSK in comparison with clinical examination using clinical gold standard such as colonoscopy., Results: The assay demonstrates clinical sensitivity for diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenoma at rates of 77.34% and 25.26%, respectively. Furthermore, ColonUSK exhibits a high degree of specificity for non-CRC cases (95.95%) clinically. Significantly, the detection rate of cases in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia increased to 54.29%. The value for the assay in the Kappa test was 0.76, showing a high degree of consistency between ColonUSK and clinical gold standard., Conclusions: ColonUSK indicated moderate diagnostic value and could become a non-invasive detection way for CRC. The implementation of the ColonUSK assay has the capacity to markedly enhance CRC screening practices., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: To investigate the causal relationship between major depression and functional dyspepsia using two-sample Mendelian randomization., Methods: Data for major depression and functional dyspepsia were obtained from genome-wide association studies. We selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with severe depression. Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using methods such as Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and Weighted Median Estimator (WME). Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the results., Results: A total of 31 eligible SNPs were identified as instrumental variables for major depression. IVW analysis indicated a positive causal relationship between the two conditions ( β  = 0.328; SE = 0.137; p  = 0.017), suggesting that severe depression increases the risk of functional dyspepsia (OR = 1.389; 95% CI: 1.062-1.816). Sensitivity tests showed no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy ( p  > 0.05)., Conclusion: MR analysis had shown that major depressive disorder is associated with an increased risk of functional dyspepsia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Du, Wang, Xu, Wang, Shao and Chen.)

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on testicular spermatogenesis in aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 )-exposed rats and to elucidate the potential underlying mechanism. The results indicated that AlCl 3 -induced testicular damage, leading to reduced sperm quality, increased apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation, and impaired Sertoli cell function in rats. Additionally, glycolytic metabolism was observed to be hindered. However, after NMN treatment, there was a noticeable improvement in testicular damage among the rats, marked by increased sperm quality, reduced apoptosis, enhanced cell proliferation, improved Sertoli cell function, and an activated glycolytic metabolism. The findings of this study suggest that NMN alleviates testicular spermatogenesis impairment induced by AlCl 3 exposure through the inhibition of spermatogenic cell apoptosis, promotion of spermatogenic cell proliferation, and activation of glycolytic pathways. The study contributes an experimental foundation for potential future clinical applications of NMN in cases of AlCl 3 -exposed spermatogenic dysfunction., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

In the present study, we conducted a 10-week culture experiment to investigate the effects of taurine on the growth performance, antioxidant properties, and muscle quality of the common carp fed an oxidized lipid diet. There were five experimental groups with three replicates each. Based on the fresh fish oil group (FO), equal amounts of oxidized fish oil (with a thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances value of 49.57 ± 2.34 mg/kg) and 0 g/kg (OFO), 4 g/kg (OT4), 8 g/kg (OT8), and 12 g/kg (OT12) taurine were added to the diet, while the same composition ratio was maintained by changing the microcrystalline cellulose content. Compared to the FO group, the feed conversion ratio, weight gain rate, muscle crude lipid, and n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio were significantly lower in the group OFO ( P < 0.05). In addition, compared to the FO group, OFO fish showed an increased content of malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation and decreased hardness, brightness, pH, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels in the muscle ( P < 0.05). Notably, the growth index significantly improved in the OT4 group compared to that in the OFO group ( P < 0.05). In addition, dietary taurine increased the crude lipid content, n-3/n-6 PUFA, antioxidant capacity, hardness, springiness, brightness, pH, and collagen content in the muscle compared with OFO fish ( P < 0.05). Moreover, taurine supplementation significantly reduced myofiber diameter and increased myofiber density ( P < 0.05) and enhanced the expression levels of paired box 7 ( pax7 ), myogenic factor 5 ( myf5 ), myogenic differentiation antigen ( myod ), and myogenic regulatory factor 4 ( mrf4 ) compared with that of the OFO group ( P < 0.05). Considering growth performance and muscle quality, the optimal supplemental levels of taurine in the oxidized lipid diet were 4 g/kg and 6.84-7.70 g/kg, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Dan Liu et al.)

Background: The oil-soluble contrast medium used in hysterosalpingography has been shown to have a fertility-enhancing effect, but the underlying mechanism is unclear, especially regarding the role of window of implantation (WOI). This study aimed to assess the endometrial immunological impact of the WOI before and after bathing with the oil-soluble contrast medium in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF)., Methods: This descriptive study involved two medical centers between December 18, 2019, and December 30, 2020. We included infertile women who underwent three or more transfer cycles, cumulative transplantation of at least four high-quality cleavage-stage embryos or three high-quality blastocysts without clinical pregnancy, and high-quality frozen embryos that were still available for implantation. Patients received 5 ml of ethiodized poppyseed oil bathing, endometrial biopsy around bathing, and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) within four menstrual cycles after bathing. Patients were excluded if failure to complete anyone. Data on the baseline characteristics and clinical data of the FET cycles were collected, and endometrial biopsy specimens were collected in the luteal phase before and after bathing and subjected to immunohistochemistry. The number of CD56 and CD138 positive cells and H-score of expression of ανβ-3 and HOXA10 in endometrium were collected., Results: Thirty-four patients were initially enrolled in the study; ultimately, twelve patients with a median age of 32.5 years (range 27-40 years) completed the research. The median number of embryo transfer cycles was three (range 3-8). A total of 4 of 12 women (33.33%) were diagnosed with chronic endometritis before oil-soluble contrast bathing. After bathing, the median numbers of CD138-positive cells in endometrium decreased from 0.75 (range 0-13.5) to 0.65 (range 0-6), P = 0.035; additionally, the H-score of expression of ανβ-3 in endometrium increased from 148.50 ± 31.63 to 175.58 ± 31.83, P < 0.001. The thickness of the endometrium also significantly increased (8.90 ± 1.45 mm vs.10.11 ± 1.98 mm, P = 0.005). However, no consistent changes were found in the expression of CD56 and HOXA10 in the endometrium. Five patients experienced biochemical pregnancies (41.67%), four had clinical pregnancies (33.33%), and three achieved live births following oil-soluble contrast bathing (25%)., Conclusions: These results suggest that oil-soluble contrast medium bathing decreased CD138-positive cells and upregulated expression of ανβ-3 during WOI in patients with RIF. This histological impact of endometrium may result in enhanced fertility during FET cycles. Investigating the ability of intrauterine bathing with lower-dosage oil-soluble contrast to improve pregnancy in the RIF population is warranted., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase that specifically catalyzes the demethylation of histone H3K4 (H3K4me1/2) and regulates gene expression. In addition, it can mediate the process of autophagy through its demethylase activity. Sestrin2 (SESN2) is a stress-induced protein and a positive regulator of autophagy. In NaAsO 2 -induced mouse fibrotic livers and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), LSD1 expression is decreased, SESN2 expression is increased, and autophagy levels are also increased. Overexpression of LSD1 and silencing of SESN2 decreased the level of autophagy and attenuated the activation of HSCs induced by NaAsO 2 . LSD1 promoted SESN2 gene transcription by increasing H3K4me1/2 in the SESN2 promoter region. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine were used to inhibit autophagy of HSCs, and the degree of activation was also alleviated. Taken together, LSD1 positively regulates SESN2 by increasing H3K4me1/2 enrichment in the SESN2 promoter region, which in turn increases the level of autophagy and promotes the activation of HSCs. Our results may provide new evidence for the importance of LSD1 in the process of autophagy and activation of HSCs induced by arsenic poisoning. Increasing the expression and activity of LSD1 is expected to be an effective way to reverse the autophagy and activation of HSCs induced by arsenic poisoning., (© 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objective: Hysteroscopy has a positive role in the treatment of abnormal pregnancy, with less damage to the patient, good surgical effect, rapid postoperative recovery, and positive clinical value. This work aimed to explore the role and value of hysteroscopy in preserving the fertility of women with abnormal pregnancies., Methods: 60 patients with abnormal pregnancies in Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were enrolled from December 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. They were grouped Based on treatment methods: controls (30 cases) and observation groups (30 cases). The average age of the control group was 30.66 ± 5.32 years, with a BMI of 23.36 ± 2.15 kg/m2, and an educational duration of 12.24 ± 3.61 years. The observation group had an average age of 30.18 ± 5.71 years, a BMI of 23.23 ± 2.53 kg/m2, and an educational duration of 12.33 ± 3.28 years. Controls adopted the traditional method (laparoscopic surgery), and an observation group was given with hysteroscopic localization and removal of pregnancy products. The surgical conditions, postoperative recovery, cure rate, complications, preoperative and postoperative blood human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) score were compared between the two groups., Results: The observation group had a significantly shorter surgical time of 10.22 minutes, a postoperative hemostasis time of 7.32 days, a menstrual recovery time of 25.73 days, and a time for blood HCG turning negative of 10.76 days compared to the control group (P < .05). The observation group also experienced significantly less intraoperative bleeding, with 6.22 ml compared to 11.69 ml in the control group (P < .05). The cure rate of controls was 83.33%, and that of the observation group was 100.00%. The cure rate of the observation group was obviously higher as against controls. The incidence of complications in the observation group was 6.67%, and that in controls was 26.67%. The incidence of complications in the observation group was clearly lower as against controls. Through operation, the serum HCG levels of two groups were clearly decreased, the SF-36 scores were clearly increased, and the changes in the observation group were more obvious (P < .05)., Conclusion: Compared to traditional surgery, hysteroscopy examination demonstrates multiple advantages in the management of abnormal pregnancies, primarily attributed to its minimally invasive nature, high precision, minimal tissue trauma, and quick recovery. This contributes to providing a safer and more effective treatment, increasing patient satisfaction, and reducing healthcare costs, with a positive impact on patient care and clinical practice. However, this work had a relatively small sample size, a single source of patients, and a short duration, which necessitates future validation through the expansion of the sample size and multicenter research. A more comprehensive assessment of long-term postoperative effects is required to confirm the long-term advantages of this treatment method.

Background: Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a novel imaging technique that provides quantitative assessments of tissue stiffness. This non-invasive method offers real-time, quantitative measurements and has been widely applied to various tissues, providing valuable diagnostic insights., Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using SWE to evaluate the stiffness of the lens in patients with age-related cataracts., Materials and Methods: A comparative analysis involving 92 patients diagnosed with age-related cataracts and 39 healthy controls was conducted. Lens stiffness was quantified using SWE measurements. The lens nucleus of all participants was graded based on the Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II). Correlations between the stiffness of the lens and age were also analyzed., Results: The study indicates that both the stiffness of the lens and the lens nucleus were significantly higher in patients with age-related cataracts compared to healthy controls ( P  < 0.001). In patients with age-related cataracts, although lens nucleus stiffness variations across different grades of cataract severity were not statistically significant, all grades displayed increased stiffness relative to healthy controls. Additionally, a significant positive correlation between lens stiffness and age was observed in all participants ( P  < 0.001)., Conclusion: SWE appears to be a promising imaging technique for quantitatively assessing the mechanical characteristics of the lens in patients with age-related cataracts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

To develop hydrogen energy production and address the issues of global warming, inexpensive, effective, and long-lasting transition metal-based electrocatalysts for the synthesis of hydrogen are crucial. Herein, a porous electrocatalyst NiMo/Ni/NF was successfully constructed by a two-step electrodeposition process, and was used in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of electrocatalytic water decomposition. NiMo nanoparticles were coated on porous Ni/NF grown on nickel foam (NF), leading to a resilient porous structure with enhanced conductivity for efficient charge transfer, as well as distinctive three-dimensional channels for quick electrolyte diffusion and gas release. Notably, the low overpotential (42 mV) and fast kinetics (Tafel slope of 44 mV dec -1 ) at a current density of 10 mA cm -2 in 1.0 M KOH solution demonstrate the excellent HER activity of the electrode, which was superior to that of recently reported non-noble metal-based catalysts. Additionally, NiMo/Ni/NF showed extraordinary catalytic durability in stability tests at a current density of 10 mA cm -2 for 70 h. The porous structure catalyst and the electrodeposition-electrocatalysis technique examined in this study offer new approaches for the advancement of the electrocatalysis field because of these benefits.

This paper systematically studied the composition-controlled nonlinear optical properties and pulse modulation of ternary ReS 2(1- x ) Se 2 x alloys for the first time. The compositionally modulated characteristics of ReS 2(1- x ) Se 2 x on the band gap were simulated based on the first principles. We investigated the effect of the band gap on the saturable absorption properties. In addition, we demonstrated the modulation characteristics of different components ReS 2(1- x ) Se 2 x on 1.5 μ m Q-switched pulse performance. The Q-switched threshold, repetition rate, and pulse duration increase as the S(sulfur)-element composition rise. And pulse energy also was affected by the S(sulfur)-element composition. The ReS 0.8 Se 1.2 SA was selected to realize a conventional soliton with high energy in the all-fiber mode-locked laser. The pulse was centered at 1562.9 nm with a pulse duration of 2.26 ps, a repetition rate of 3.88 MHz, and maximum pulse energy of 1.95 nJ. This work suggests that ReS 2(1- x ) Se 2 x has great potential in laser technology and nonlinear optics, and widely extends the material applications in ultrafast photonics., (© 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.)

Considering the influence of thermal stress and material property variations, this study employs the Navier-Stokes equations and Fourier heat conduction law to establish a semi-implicit time-domain numerical analysis method for hypersonic aerothermal-structural coupling. Study the temporal variation pattern of different regions of the composite material wing under aerodynamic heating. Using the obtained transient temperature field of the wing, the thermal modal of the wing at different time points is calculated using the finite element method. Additionally, it conducts an analysis and discussion on the factors influencing the thermal modal. Composites can be effectively utilized as thermal protection materials for aircraft. During the aerodynamic heating process, the leading edge temperature reaches thermal equilibrium first, followed by the trailing edge, and the belly plate experiences a slower thermal response. Temperature rise significantly affects higher-order modes, with the change in material properties during the early stages of heating being the dominant factor. This leads to a faster decrease in natural frequency. As heat conduction progresses, the influencing factors of thermal stresses gradually increase, and the natural frequency decreases slowly or even rises., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

At present, the physiological roles of various hormones in fish glucose metabolism have been elucidated. Spexin, a 14-amino acids polypeptide, is highly conserved in many species and has functions such as reducing body weight and improving insulin resistance. In this paper, the open reading frame (ORF) of spx2 1 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was cloned, and the tissue distribution of spx1 and spx2, their direct and indirect regulatory effects on glucose metabolism of grass carp were investigated. The ORF of spx2 gene in grass carp was 279 bp in length. Moreover, spx1 was highly expressed in the adipose tissue, while spx2 was highly expressed in the brain. In vitro, SPX1 and SPX2 showed opposite effects on the glycolytic pathway in the primary hepatocytes. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of SPX1 and SPX2 significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased hepatopancreas glycogen contents. Meanwhile, SPX1 and SPX2 promoted the expression of key genes of glycolysis (pk) and glycogen synthesis (gys) in the hepatopancreas at 3 h post injection. As for indirect effects, 1000 nM SPX1 and SPX2 significantly increased insulin-mediated liver type phosphofructokinase (pfkla) mRNA expression and enhanced the inhibitory effects of insulin on glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck), glycogen phosphorylase L (pygl) mRNA expression. Our results show that SPX1 and SPX2 have similar indirect effects on the regulation of glucose metabolism that enhance insulin activity, but they exhibit opposite roles in terms of direct effects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Aluminum (Al) can lead to an exposure of creature in varieties ways for its universality, and it could disturb normal physiological metabolism, with the damage to multisystem including reproduction. Since the oocyte quality is critical for female reproduction, we inspected the toxicity of Al on mouse oocyte maturation. We constructed in vitro exposure mouse model, and we found that 5 mmol/L Al had adverse effects on oocyte maturation by impairing organelle and cytoskeleton. Aberrant spindle and misaligned chromosomes which might be considered to be caused by elevated levels of acetylation, as well as abnormal distribution of actin dynamics could hinder normal meiosis of oocytes. Organelle dysfunction indicated that Al affected proteins synthesis, transport and digestion, which would further damage oocyte maturation. In order to explore the mechanism of Al toxicity, our further investigation demonstrated that Al caused mitochondrial dysfunction and imbalance calcium homeostasis, resulting in limited energy supply. Moreover, high level of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress were also the manifestation of Al toxicity on oocytes. In conclusion, our study provided the evidence that Al exposure affected oocyte quality through its effects on spindle organization, actin dynamics, organelle function and the induction of DNA damage-related apoptosis with mouse model., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Recent studies proved that certain proportions of vestibular schwannoma (VS) originated other than vestibular nerve of the eighth cranial nerve., Aims/objectives: Unlike air-conducted sounds (ACS) and bone-conducted vibration (BCV), galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) evokes vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) from the vestibular nerve., Materials and Methods: Case-control study was conducted in unilateral VS patients pre-operatively. Healthy ears were controls. Patients examined ACS, BCV and GVS ocular VEMP (oVEMP) and cervical VEMP (cVEMP), caloric test, video head impulse test (vHIT), suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) and pure tone audiometry (PTA)., Results: Seven (26.9%) tumors affected left ear and 19 (73.1%) on the right( p  < .05). Response rates in VS group were statistically lower than control except for ACS-cVEMP ( p  < .05). Response rates of VEMPs in VS patients decreased with the tumor size grows. But not all BCV and GVS VEMPs disappeared in the largest tumor group. Abnormal rates of caloric test, vHIT gains and SHIMP were found., Conclusions and Significance: Response rates of GVS VEMPs decreased with the residual functional nerve fibers. GVS VEMPs help to differentiating labyrinthine and retro-labyrinthine lesions. GVS combined with BCV VEMPs probably reflex the tumor origin from the eighth cranial nerve and/or the remaining vestibular function.

Background: The motion relationship and time intervals of the pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD) spectrum are essential for diagnosing fetal arrhythmia. However, few technologies currently are available to automatically calculate fetal cardiac time intervals (CTIs)., Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a fetal heart rhythm intelligent quantification system (HR-IQS) for the automatic extraction of CTIs and establish the normal reference range for fetal CTIs., Methods: A total of 6498 PWD spectrums of 2630 fetuses over the junction between the left ventricular inflow and outflow tracts were recorded across 14 centers. E, A, and V waves were manually labeled by 3 experienced fetal cardiologists, with 17 CTIs extracted. Five-fold cross-validation was performed for training and testing of the deep learning model. Agreement between the manual and HR-IQS-based values was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The Jarque-Bera test was applied to evaluate the normality of CTIs' distributions, and the normal reference range of 17 CTIs was established with quantile regression. Arrhythmia subset was compared with the non-arrhythmia subset using the Mann-Whitney U test., Results: Significant positive correlation (P <.001) and moderate-to-excellent consistency (P <.001) between the manual and HR-IQS automated measurements of CTIs was found. The distribution of CTIs was non-normal (P <.001). The normal range (2.5 th to 97.5 th percentiles) was successfully established for the 17 CTIs., Conclusions: Using our HR-IQS is feasible for the automated calculation of CTIs in practice and thus could provide a promising tool for the assessment of fetal rhythm and function., Competing Interests: Disclosures The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that resists immunotherapy. Tumor-associated macrophages, abundant in the TME, modulate T cell responses. Bone marrow stromal antigen 2-positive (BST2 + ) macrophages increase in Kras G12D/+ ; Trp53 R172H/+ ; Pdx1-Cre mouse models during PDAC progression. However, their role in PDAC remains elusive. Our findings reveal a negative correlation between BST2 + macrophage levels and PDAC patient prognosis. Moreover, an increased ratio of exhausted CD8 + T cells is observed in tumors with up-regulated BST2 + macrophages. Mechanistically, BST2 + macrophages secrete CXCL7 through the ERK pathway and bind with CXCR2 to activate the AKT/mTOR pathway, promoting CD8 + T cell exhaustion. The combined blockade of CXCL7 and programmed death-ligand 1 successfully decelerates tumor growth. Additionally, cGAS-STING pathway activation in macrophages induces interferon (IFN)α synthesis leading to BST2 overexpression in the PDAC TME. This study provides insights into IFNα-induced BST2 + macrophages driving an immune-suppressive TME through ERK-CXCL7 signaling to regulate CD8 + T cell exhaustion in PDAC., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The plant homolog of vertebrate necroptosis inducer mixed-lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) contributes to downstream steps in Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain NLR (TNL)-receptor-triggered immunity. Here, we show that Arabidopsis MLKL1 (AtMLKL1) clusters into puncta at the plasma membrane upon TNL activation and that this sub-cellular reorganization is dependent on the TNL signal transducer, EDS1. We find that AtMLKLs confer TNL-triggered immunity in parallel with RPW8-type HeLo-domain-containing NLRs (RNLs) and that the AtMLKL N-terminal HeLo domain is indispensable for both immunity and clustering. We show that the AtMLKL HeLo domain mediates cytoplasmic Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] cyt ) influx in plant and human cells, and AtMLKLs are responsible for sustained [Ca 2+ ] cyt influx during TNL-triggered, but not CNL-triggered, immunity. Our study reveals parallel immune signaling functions of plant MLKLs and RNLs as mediators of [Ca 2+ ] cyt influx and a potentially common role of the HeLo domain fold in the Ca 2+ -signal relay of diverse organisms., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)