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Purpose: Vacuum-assisted mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (vmPCNL) is being increasingly adopted due to its faster operating times and lower incidence of postoperative infectious complications (IC), however, studies have been limited by small sample sizes. We hypothesize that vmPCNL is an efficacious treatment for renal stone disease with acceptable stone-free rates (SFR) and low incidence of IC. The objectives of this study were to measure SFR three months after surgery, determine the factors influencing SFR, and determine the rates of postoperative IC after vmPCNL., Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and sixty seven patients underwent vmPCNL for the treatment of renal stones > 20 mm at a single institution. Patients underwent postoperative computed tomography at three months to assess SFR. Postoperative fever and SIRS/Sepsis were recorded for individual patients. Multivariate logistics regression was performed to assess predictors of SFR., Results: The SFR was found to be 73.7% at three months. Stone burden (OR 0.39, 95% CI [0.33-0.46]) and age (OR 1.03, 95% CI [1.01-1.04]) emerged as statistically significant predictors of SFR on multivariate analysis. 5.5% of patients experienced postoperative fever, while 2.9% experienced SIRS/Sepsis., Conclusions: This is the largest continuous cohort of patients to undergo vmPCNL for stone disease and demonstrates that vmPCNL is safe and efficacious, with an SFR of 74% at three months. The incidence of postoperative fever and SIRS/Sepsis is 5.5% and 2.9% respectively. Further randomized studies with large sample sizes are required to ascertain the rates of these complications in comparison to conventional approaches., Competing Interests: None declared., (Copyright® by the International Brazilian Journal of Urology.)

Objective: To introduce the Penile Trauma Score (PTS), a new statistically driven classification system aimed at enhancing the management of penile trauma by providing clinically relevant treatment protocols., Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 34 men with penetrating penile injuries at the Elvis Presley Level 1 Trauma Center, Memphis, from January 2014 to December 2016. Variables assessed included injury mechanism, location, depth, and follow-up outcomes related to voiding and erectile function. Odds ratios were calculated using superficial penile injury as the control group., Results: Based on physical examination findings and odds ratios calculated, the PTS was developed. Results indicated that higher PTS scores necessitated surgical intervention, while lower scores could be managed nonoperatively. Follow-up showed no missed injuries or reported dysfunctions, validating the PTS's effectiveness., Conclusion: The PTS represents an important modification in the classification and management of penile trauma. By integrating practical, easily identifiable injury characteristics, the PTS facilitates more streamlined surgical decision-making and potentially reduces unnecessary diagnostic procedures. However, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed to fully validate the PTS's clinical utility., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To evaluate margin positivity at apex utilizing preoperative magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], micro-ultrasound [MUS], prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography PSMA PET] scan, biopsy location and intraoperative timing of deep venous complex [DVC] ligation during robot assisted radical prostatectomy [RARP]., Methods: Institution review board approved retrospective study underwent RARP between November 2022 to March 2024. All patients underwent preoperative MRI, MUS and PSMA PET scan. Patients underwent RARP using either standard DVC [done prior apical dissection] ligation or delayed DVC [after prostate removal] technique. All patients underwent intra operative frozen section analysis by an experienced genitourinary pathologist. Descriptive statistics were performed. Data analyzed using R software version 4.3.3., Results: Total 619 prostate cancer patients underwent RARP. Of these, 365 men underwent RARP using delayed DVC ligation technique and 254 men using standard DVC ligation technique. There was no statically significant difference in 2 groups on demographic parameters, MRI, MUS and PSMA-PET scan features. Sensitivity of MRI, MUS, PSMA-PET and prostate biopsy for detection of apical positive margin were 66%, 81%, 81% and 73% respectively. Specificity of MRI, MUS, PSMA-PET and prostate biopsy for detection of apical positive margin were 45%, 14%, 16% and 30% respectively. When all modalities are used accumulatively, apical cancer was missed only in 1% of cases., Conclusions: With proper preoperative understanding of apical lesion location, timing of DVC ligation [standard vs delayed] doesn't impact apical positive surgical margins. Combination of MRI, MUS, PSMA-PET and prostate biopsy reduce apical positive surgical margin rates significantly., Competing Interests: Disclosure Dr A.K. Tewari has served as a site-PI on pharma/industry-sponsored clinical trials from Kite Pharma, Lumicell Inc, Dendreon, and Oncovir Inc. He has received research funding (grants) to his institution from DOD, NIH, Axogen, Intuitive Surgical, AMBFF, and other philanthropy. Dr A.K. Tewari has served as an unpaid consultant to Roivant Biosciences and advisor to Promaxo. He owns equity in Promaxo. Rest all authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Objective: To assess recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with undetectable tumour-informed circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) before radical cystectomy (RC) and evaluate if those who converted from detectable to undetectable ctDNA status after RC have similar RFS outcomes as those with persistently undetectable ctDNA status., Patients and Methods: Patients who underwent RC had prospectively and longitudinally collected tumour-informed ctDNA analyses during 2021-2023. ctDNA status was informed from the pre-RC specimen. The minimal residual disease (MRD) window was defined as the initial 90 days after RC. RFS was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was performed to find predictors of disease recurrence., Results: The cohort included 135 patients with 647 ctDNA analyses. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 71 (63-77) years. Over a median (IQR) follow-up of 11 (7-18) months, 41 patients (30%) had a recurrence. Pre-RC undetectable ctDNA status was found in 54 patients (40%). The RFS rates at 6, 12, and 21 months were 98%, 93%, and 82%, respectively. Of 77 patients with undetectable ctDNA status at the MRD window available for conversion dynamics analysis, 43 had persistently undetectable ctDNA status (both at pre-RC and MRD window) and 31 converted from pre-RC detectable to MRD undetectable status (conversion group). The persistently undetectable group had significantly better RFS than the conversion group (log-rank, P < 0.001), with 12-month RFS rates of 97% vs 51%, and 18-month RFS rates of 88% vs 51%, respectively. On Cox multivariate analysis, only the conversion group status predicted disease recurrence., Conclusions: Patients with undetectable pre-RC ctDNA status have a favourable prognosis and may be candidates for treatment de-escalation. Those with persistently undetectable ctDNA had superior RFS compared to the conversion group. Pre-RC ctDNA status should be incorporated into trials examining ctDNA use in clinical decision-making., (© 2024 BJU International.)

Background and Objective: Decision-making on the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment for patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) currently depends on assessment of clinical and pathological features, which lack sensitivity. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a possible novel prognostic biomarker in the field. Our aim was to assess whether ctDNA status before RC is predictive of pathological and oncological outcomes. We also evaluated the dynamic changes in ctDNA status after RC in relation to recurrence-free survival (RFS)., Methods: We analyzed data for patients who underwent RC during 2021-2023 for whom prospective tumor-informed ctDNA analyses were conducted before and after RC. RFS was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictors for disease recurrence were assessed using Cox proportional-hazards models. Pathological outcomes associated with detectable ctDNA before RC were assessed in univariable and multivariable regression analyses., Key Findings and Limitations: We included 112 patients in the analysis. Median follow-up was 8 mo (interquartile range 4-13). ctDNA was detected before RC in 59 patients (53%) and was associated with poor RFS (log-rank p < 0.0001). Detectable ctDNA before RC was associated with poor outcomes regardless of clinical stage (

Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Background and Objective: Sequential intravesical gemcitabine/docetaxel (Gem/Doce) has emerged as a potential alternative to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Our aim was to determine the comparative effectiveness of BCG and Gem/Doce for patients with intermediate-risk (IR) NMIBC, composed mainly of high-grade (HG) Ta disease., Methods: Patients with IR-NMIBC who received either BCG or Gem/Doce during 2013-2023 were included. Maintenance BCG (as per the Southwest Oncology Group protocol) and monthly Gem/Doce maintenance for 1 yr were offered to patients with no evidence of recurrence after induction. Routine surveillance with cystoscopy was performed according to the American Urological Association guidelines. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess high-grade and any-grade recurrence-free survival (RFS). Cox regression analysis was performed to find predictors of recurrence., Key Findings and Limitations: Of 483 patients, 127 had IR-NMIBC; 66 patients received BCG and 61 received Gem/Doce. Median age was 69 yr (interquartile range [IQR] 61-76) for the BCG group and 72 yr (IQR 62-76) for the Gem/Doce group. Median follow-up was 53.1 mo (IQR 25.3-71.2) for the BCG group and 20.2 mo (IQR 8.28-33.1) for the Gem/Doce group. The 2-yr high-grade RFS rates for primary high-grade tumors for BCG versus Gem/Doce groups were 81% versus 61%, with corresponding any-grade RFS rates of 60% versus 41%. Induction with Gem/Doce predicted any-grade recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.2) and high-grade recurrence for primary high-grade tumors (HR 3.4 95% CI 1.27-9.13), while receipt of maintenance therapy decreased the risk of any-grade recurrence (HR 0.4, 95% CI 0.22-0.72). This study is limited by its retrospective design., Conclusions and Clinical Implications: For patients with IR-NMIBC, BCG was associated with superior any-grade RFS and high-grade RFS for primary high-grade tumors. Maintenance therapy was associated with better RFS when receiving Gem/Doce. Standardization and longer maintenance therapy protocols should be considered for Gem/Doce treatment., Patient Summary: We compared outcomes for patients who received two different in-bladder treatments for intermediate-risk bladder cancer. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) led to better outcomes than gemcitabine + docetaxel (Gem/Doce). Monthly maintenance therapy improved recurrence-free survival for patients who received Gem/Doce. We conclude that maintenance therapy is essential for patients receiving Gem/Doce to avoid bladder cancer recurrence after treatment., (Copyright © 2024 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background and Objective: Neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical cystectomy with lymphadenectomy remains the gold standard of treatment in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Pathologically positive lymph node (pN+) disease is known to convey a poor prognosis. Tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a possible novel prognostic biomarker in the field. We seek to assess recurrence-free survival (RFS) for patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy (ePLND) and to assess whether ctDNA status can be a prognostic marker for RFS outcomes in patients with pN+ disease., Methods: Patients who underwent RARC + ePLND during 2015 to 2023 were included. A sub-group analysis (n = 109) of patients who had prospectively collected serial-longitudinal tumor-informed ctDNA analyses during 2021-2023 was performed. Survival analysis and Cox-regression models were conducted., Results: Included were 458 patients with a median age of 69 (IQR 63-76), and a median follow-up time of 20 months (IQR 10-37). RFS for pN0 (n = 353) and pN+ (n = 105) at 12, 24 and 36 months were 87% vs. 54%, 80% vs. 39%, and 74% vs. 35%, respectively (log-rank, P < 0.0001). On Cox multivariate analysis ≥pT3 disease (Hazzard ratio [HR] = 3.36 [2.18-5.18], P < 0.001), pN+ disease (HR = 2.39 [1.55-3.7], P < 0.001), and recipients of neoadjuvant treatment (HR = 1.61 [1.11-2.34], P = 0.013) were predictive of disease relapse. Patients with pN+ disease and undetectable precystectomy or postcystectomy ctDNA status had similar RFS to patients with pN0 with undetectable ctDNA. On Cox-regression multivariate sub-group analysis, detectable precystectomy ctDNA status (HR = 3.89 [1.32-11.4], P = 0.014), detectable ctDNA status in the minimal residual disease window ([MRD], HR = 2.89 [1.12-7.47], P = 0.028), and having ≥pT3 with pN+ disease (HR = 4.2 [1.43-12.3], P = 0.009) were predictive of disease relapse., Conclusions: Patients with pN+ .after RARC had worse oncological outcomes than patients with pN0 disease. Undetectable ctDNA status was informative of RFS regardless of nodal status at both the precystectomy and the MRD window. Patients with undetectable ctDNA status and pN+ disease may benefit from treatment de-escalation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Understanding the specific tumor characteristics associated with detectable circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is critical for informing future studies aiming to establish the clinical utility of such testing. We characterized the pathologic and clinical features associated with preoperatively detectable ctDNA in patients with renal masses suspicious for RCC., Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy for nonmetastatic suspected RCC (cT1b-T3) during 2022-2023 had prospectively collected tumor-informed ctDNA analyses conducted preoperatively and postoperatively. Descriptive statistics and univariate analyses were used to describe the study findings., Results: Sixty-nine patients with a median age of 62 years (IQR, 51-70) and a median follow-up time of 7 months (IQR, 3-11) had 205 ctDNA samples collected for analysis. Thirty-nine (61%) had preoperative detectable ctDNA of 64 patients. Postoperative ctDNA status was available for 47 patients, and three (6%) had detectable ctDNA. Two had inferior vena cava (IVC) involvement, and one developed metastatic disease. Subgroup analysis of solely malignant RCC (n = 65) revealed that patients with preoperative detectable ctDNA had a higher pathologic stage ( P = .001), larger tumors (7 v 4.5 cm; P = .001), higher tumor complexity ( P = .022), and increased rates of tumor grades 3-4 ( P = .038). All patients with gross renal vein or IVC involvement (n = 9) and those with lymphovascular invasion (n = 6) on pathology had detectable preoperative ctDNA. On univariate analysis, high tumor complexity, larger tumors, and tumor grades 3-4 were found to be predictors of preoperatively detectable ctDNA status., Conclusion: Preoperative ctDNA was detectable in 61% of patients with nonmetastatic RCC, and it correlated with clinically relevant features. Clinical trials should consider incorporating both preoperative and postoperative ctDNA analyses to augment prediction of disease recurrence and to refine treatment decision making.

Objective: To determine the frequency of adrenal gland involvement (AGI) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and assess the ability of preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging to predict AGI prior to radical nephrectomy (RN)., Methods: We retrospectively identified 90 patients who underwent RN with concomitant ipsilateral adrenalectomy (CIA) between 2019 and 2021 at our institution. We reviewed the preoperative CT findings and final pathology reports to assess AGI and determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of preoperative CT imaging., Results: Five patients (5.5%) had AGI on pathological analysis. On preoperative CT, 8 patients had CT findings suspicious of AGI. All 5 patients with pathological AGI were identified preoperatively yielding a sensitivity of 100%. Pathological analysis in all patients who did not demonstrate AGI on imaging showed no adrenal invasion, yielding a negative predictive value of 100%. High-grade tumors were significantly associated with AGI (84.4% vs 33.6%, P = .02). Patients with AGI had larger tumor size when compared with those without AGI on final pathology (10 cm vs 6.89 cm, P = .07)., Conclusion: The overall incidence of AGI in patients with RCC is low. Preoperative CT can accurately identify those with AGI and can thus prevent unnecessary CIA during RN., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Studies of right colon pouch urinary diversion have widely varying estimates of the risk of perioperative complications, reoperation, and readmission. We sought to describe the association between specific risk factors and complication, readmission, and reoperation rates following right colon pouch urinary diversion. Patients undergoing robot-assisted right colon pouch urinary diversion from July 2013 to December 2022 were analyzed. Outcome measures include high-grade (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3) complications within 90 days, readmission within 90 days, and reoperation at any time during follow-up. Specific risk factors such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and prior radiation were analyzed to establish an association with these outcomes. During the study period, 77 patients underwent the procedure and were eligible to study. The average follow-up was 88.7 (SD 14) months. 90-day high-grade complications were 24.67%, and 90-day readmission was 33.76%. The cumulative rate of any reoperation was 40.2%, and major reoperation was 24.67%. Female gender (OR 3.3, p = 0.015), 1 kg/m 2 increase in BMI (OR 3.77, p = 0.014), diabetes (OR 3.49, p = 0.021), higher CCI (OR 1.59, p = 0.034), prior radiation (OR 1.97, p = 0.026), lower eGFR (OR 0.99, p = 0.032) and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2  (OR 3.9, p value 0.02) was associated with Clavien III-IV complications. Female gender (OR 3.3, p = 0.015), diabetes (OR 3.97, p = 0.029), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.73, p = 0.031), prior radiation (OR 1.45, p = 0.029), lower eGFR (OR 0.87, p = 0.037) and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 (OR 3.86, p = 0.031) were predictive of reoperation. Overall, the rate of postoperative complications, readmissions, and reoperation was high but consistent with other studies. This study helps further characterize surgical outcomes after right colon pouch urinary diversion and highlights patients who may benefit from enhanced preoperative management for minimising complications., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Background and Objective: Despite curative-intent radical cystectomy (RC), patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are at high risk of recurrence. Biomarkers are urgently needed to refine prognostication and selection of appropriate perioperative systemic therapies. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) results in a multicenter cohort of patients with bladder cancer who underwent RC., Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of real-world data for a commercial ctDNA test (Signatera; Natera, Austin, TX, USA) performed in 167 patients (852 plasma samples) before RC and during molecular residual disease (MRD; adjuvant decision) and surveillance windows. We assessed the correlation between recurrence and ctDNA status before and after RC using Cox regression analysis., Results and Limitations: During study-defined postoperative MRD and surveillance windows, detectable ctDNA was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) when compared to undetectable ctDNA (MRD: hazard ratio 6.93; p < 0.001; surveillance: hazard ratio 23.02; p < 0.001). Of note, patients with undetectable ctDNA did not appear to benefit from adjuvant therapy (p = 0.34). Detectable ctDNA in the pre-RC (p = 0.045), MRD (p = 0.002), and surveillance (p < 0.001) windows was the only risk factor independently associated with shorter DFS. Limitations include the retrospective and nonrandomized nature of the study., Conclusions: ctDNA testing in patients with bladder cancer undergoing RC was prognostic and potentially predictive. Identification of patients at high risk of recurrence may aid in patient counseling and decision-making., Patient Summary: We found that outcomes for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer are strongly linked to detection of tumor DNA in blood samples. The results show the value of tumor-informed testing for tumor DNA in blood for decisions on the best treatment for each individual patient., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The combination of sequential intravesical gemcitabine and docetaxel (Gem/Doce) chemotherapy has been considered a feasible option for BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) treatment in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), gaining popularity during BCG shortage period. We seek to determine the efficacy of the treatment by comparing Gem/Doce induction alone vs induction with maintenance, and to evaluate the treatment outcomes of two different dosage protocols., Methods: A bi-center retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated with Gem/Doce for NMIBC between 2018 and 2023 was performed. Baseline characteristics, risk group stratification (AUA 2020 guidelines), pathological, and surveillance reports were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to detect Recurrence-free survival (RFS)., Results: Overall, 83 patients (68 males, 15 females) with a median age of 73 (IQR 66-79), and a median follow-up time of 18 months (IQR 9-25), were included. Forty-one had an intermediate-risk disease (49%) and 42 had a high-risk disease (51%). Thirty-seven patients (45%) had a recurrence; 19 (23%) had a high-grade recurrence. RFS of Gem/Doce induction-only vs induction + maintenance was at 6 months 88% vs 100%, at 12 months 71% vs 97%, at 18 months 57% vs 91%, and at 24 months 31% vs 87%, respectively (log-rank, p < 0.0001). Patients who received 2 g Gemcitabine with Docetaxel had better RFS for all-grade recurrences (log-rank, p = 0.017). However, no difference was found for high-grade recurrences., Conclusion: Gem/Doce induction with maintenance resulted in significantly better RFS than induction-only. Combining 2 g gemcitabine with docetaxel resulted in better RFS for all-grade but not for high-grade recurrences. Further prospective trials are necessary to validate our results., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) offers decreased blood loss during surgery, shorter hospital length of stay, and lower risk for thromboembolic events without hindering oncological outcomes. Cutaneous ureterostomies (UCS) are a seldom utilized diversion that can be a suitable alternative for a selected group of patients with competing co-morbidities and limited life expectancy., Objective: To describe operative and perioperative characteristics as well as oncological outcomes for patients that underwent RARC + UCS., Methods: Patients that underwent RARC + UCS during 2013-2023 in 3 centers (EU = 2, US = 1) were identified in a prospectively maintained database. Baseline characteristics, pathological, and oncological outcomes were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and survival analysis were performed using R language version 4.3.1., Results: Sixty-nine patients were included. The median age was 77 years (IQR 70-80) and the median follow-up time was 11 months (IQR 4-20). Ten patients were ASA 4 (14.5%). Nine patients underwent palliative cystectomy (13%). The median operation time was 241 min (IQR 202-290), and the median hospital stay was 8 days (IQR 6-11). The 30-day complication rate was 55.1% (grade ≥ 3a was 14.4%), and the 30-day readmission rate was 17.4%. Eleven patients developed metastatic recurrence (15.9%), and 14 patients (20.2%) died during the follow-up period. Overall survival at 6, 12, and 24 months was 84%, 81%, and 73%, respectively., Conclusions: RARC + UCS may offer lower complication and readmission rates without the need to perform enteric anastomosis, it can be considered in a selected group of patients with competing co-morbidities, or limited life expectancy. Larger prospective studies are necessary to validate these results., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Multiple and heterogeneous techniques have been described for orthotopic neobladder (ONB) reconstruction after robot-assisted radical cystectomy. Nonetheless, a systematic assessment of all the available options is lacking., Objective: To provide the first comprehensive step-by-step description of all the available techniques for robotic intracorporeal ONB together with individual intraoperative, perioperative and functional outcomes based on a systematic review of the literature., Design, Setting, and Participants: We performed a systematic review of the literature, and MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify original articles describing different robotic intracorporeal ONB techniques and reporting intra- and perioperative outcomes. Studies were categorized according to ONB type, providing a synthesis of the current evidence. Video material was provided by experts in the field to illustrate the surgical technique of each intracorporeal ONB., Surgical Procedure: Nine different ONB types were identified: Studer, Hautmann, Y shape, U shape, Bordeaux, Pyramid, Shell, Florence Robotic Intracorporeal Neobladder, and Padua Ileal Neobladder., Measurements: Continuous and categorical variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation and as frequencies and proportions, respectively., Results and Limitations: Of 2587 studies identified, 19 met our inclusion criteria. No cohort studies or randomized control trials comparing different neobladder types are available. Available techniques for intracorporeal robotic ONB reconstruction have similar operative time, estimated blood loss, intraoperative complications, and length of stay. Major variability exists concerning postoperative complications and functional outcomes, likely related to reporting bias., Conclusions: Several techniques are described for intracorporeal ONB during robot-assisted radical cystectomy with comparable perioperative outcomes. We provide the first step-by-step surgical atlas for robot-assisted ONB reconstruction. Further comparative studies are needed to assess any advantage of one technique over others., Patient Summary: Patients elected for radical cystectomy should be aware that multiple techniques for robotic orthotopic neobladder are available, but that current evidence does not favor one type over the others., (Copyright © 2023 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Urologic research often requires data abstraction from unstructured text contained within the electronic health record. A number of natural language processing (NLP) tools have been developed to aid with this time-consuming task; however, the generalizability of these tools is typically limited by the need for task-specific training., Objective: To describe the development and validation of a zero-shot learning NLP tool to facilitate data abstraction from unstructured text for use in downstream urologic research., Design, Setting, and Participants: An NLP tool based on the GPT-3.5 model from OpenAI was developed and compared with three physicians for time to task completion and accuracy for abstracting 14 unique variables from a set of 199 deidentified radical prostatectomy pathology reports. The reports were processed in vectorized and scanned formats to establish the impact of optical character recognition on data abstraction., Intervention: A zero-shot learning NLP tool for data abstraction., Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: The tool was compared with the human abstractors in terms of superiority for data abstraction speed and noninferiority for accuracy., Results and Limitations: The human abstractors required a median (interquartile range) of 93 s (72-122 s) per report for data abstraction, whereas the software required a median of 12 s (10-15 s) for the vectorized reports and 15 s (13-17 s) for the scanned reports (p < 0.001 for all paired comparisons). The accuracies of the three human abstractors were 94.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.8-95.5%), 97.8% (95% CI, 97.2-98.3%), and 96.4% (95% CI, 95.6-97%) for the combined set of 2786 data points. The tool had accuracy of 94.2% (95% CI, 93.3-94.9%) for the vectorized reports and was noninferior to the human abstractors at a margin of -10% (α = 0.025). The tool had slightly lower accuracy of 88.7% (95% CI 87.5-89.9%) for the scanned reports, making it noninferior to two of three human abstractors., Conclusions: The developed zero-shot learning NLP tool offers urologic researchers a highly generalizable and accurate method for data abstraction from unstructured text. An open access version of the tool is available for immediate use by the urologic community., Patient Summary: In this report, we describe the design and validation of an artificial intelligence tool for abstracting discrete data from unstructured notes contained within the electronic medical record. This freely available tool, which is based on the GPT-3.5 technology from OpenAI, is intended to facilitate research and scientific discovery by the urologic community., (Copyright © 2024 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Robot-assisted repair of benign ureteroenteric anastomotic strictures (UAS) provides an alternative to the open approach. We aimed to report short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes for robotic repair of benign UAS, and to provide a detailed video demonstration of critical operative techniques in performing this procedure robotically. Materials and Methods: Between January 2013 and September 2022, 31 patients from seven institutions who previously underwent radical cystectomy and subsequently developed UAS underwent robotic repair of UAS. Perioperative variables were prospectively collected, and postoperative outcomes were assessed. The surgery starts with a lysis of adhesions after previous surgery. Ureters are dissected, and the level of the stricture is identified. The ureter is then divided, and the stricture is resected. Finally, the ureter is spatulated and reimplanted with Nesbit technique after stenting with Double-J stents. In cases where both ureters show strictures, Wallace technique for reimplantation can be applied. Results: After robotic or open cystectomy, 31 patients had a total of 43 UAS at a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 21 (9-43) months. Median stricture length was 2.0 (1.0-3.25) cm, operative duration was 141 (121-232) minutes, estimated blood loss was 100 (50-150) mL, and length of hospital stay was 5 (3-9) days. One (3.2%) case was converted to open and one (3.2%) intraoperative complication occurred. Seven (22.6%) patients experienced postoperative complications, including four (12.9%) Clavien-Dindo grade 3 complications. No Clavien-Dindo grade 4 or 5 complications occurred. Stricture recurrence occurred in 2 (6.5%) patients. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that robotic repair of UAS is feasible and effective approach with outcomes in line with prior open series. Patient Consent Statement: Authors have received and archived patient consent for video recording and publication in advance of video recording of procedure.

Infant massage is a highly prevalent traditional practice in India and other parts of Asia. Clear guidance on safe and effective uses of infant massage is lacking especially in the contemporary times when the traditional knowledge is on the verge of extinction and preparations may differ from in the past. This paper presents a consensus guidance in the form of a standardized protocol for routine massage of infants in home settings. Furthermore, a feasible method to develop an integrative protocol involving traditional and modern medicine experts is described. A modified e-Delphi method was used to develop the protocol. A group of seventeen experts, including academicians and practitioners from disciplines as modern paediatrics, Ayurveda paediatrics, Physiotherapy and Naturopathy participated in three rounds of a Delphi study to evolve the consensus guidance. The present protocol for massage of infants born beyond 34 weeks of gestation and weighing above 1.8 kg is recommended for use by care givers. This provides guidance on the preparation for infant massage such as when to begin massaging the infant, checking fitness of the infant for massage, the appropriate time, environment, person and substance for infant massage and a detailed description of the procedure for infant massage. Paediatricians, obstetricians and other child care practitioners can use this protocol to guide care givers on how to peform infant massage., (© The Author(s) [2021]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)