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Most existing log-driven anomaly detection methods assume that logs are static and unchanged, which is often impractical. To address this, we propose a log anomaly detection model called DualAttlog. This model includes word-level and sequence-level semantic encoding modules, as well as a context-aware dual attention module. Specifically, The word-level semantic encoding module utilizes a self-matching attention mechanism to explore the interactive properties between words in log sequences. By performing word embedding and semantic encoding, it captures the associations and evolution processes between words, extracting local-level semantic information. while The sequence-level semantic encoding module encoding the entire log sequence using a pre-trained model. This extracts global semantic information, capturing overall patterns and trends in the logs. The context-aware dual attention module integrates these two levels of encoding, utilizing contextual information to reduce redundancy and enhance detection accuracy. Experimental results show that the DualAttlog model achieves an F1-Score of over 95% on 7 public datasets. Impressively, it achieves an F1-Score of 82.35% on the Real-Industrial W dataset and 83.54% on the Real-Industrial Q dataset. It outperforms existing baseline techniques on 9 datasets, demonstrating its significant advantages., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence their work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The causes of migraine remain unclear. Evidence suggests that the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways play a role in migraine pathogenesis. However, studies on genetic polymorphisms in the two pathways associated with migraine are still limited., Methods: This study included 226 migraineurs and 452 age- and sex-matched nonmigraine control individuals. Genotyping of 31 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in 21 genes was performed. The relationship between migraine and gene polymorphisms was analyzed by using logistic regression. SNP-SNP interactions were examined by a generalized multifactor dimension reduction (GMDR) approach. The possible role of SNPs was evaluated with gene expression data from the GTEx database., Results: The RASGRP2-rs2230414 GT genotype was associated with decreased migraine risk compared with the wild-type GG genotype [OR adj (95% CI): 0.674(0.458-0.989)]. PIK3R1-rs3730089 was associated with migraine in the recessive model [OR adj (95% CI): 1.446(1.004-2.083)]. The CACNA1H-rs61734410 CT genotype was associated with migraine risk [OR adj (95% CI): 1.561(1.068-2.281)]. One significant two-way SNP-SNP interaction was found (PRKCA rs2228945-BDNF rs6265) (p = 0.0107). Significant eQTL and sQTL signals were observed for the SNP rs2230414., Conclusions: This is the first study to systematically reveal significant associations between MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related gene polymorphisms and migraine risk., (© 2024 The Author(s). Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Genetic and environmental factors contribute to migraine and the comorbidities of anxiety and depression. However, the association between genetic polymorphisms in the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and glutamatergic synapse genes with the risk of migraine and the comorbidities of anxiety and depression remain unclear. Methods: 251 migraine patients containing 49 comorbidities with anxiety and 112 with depression and 600 controls were recruited. A customized 48-plex SNPscan kit was used for genotyping 13 SNPs of nine target genes. Logistic regression was conducted to analyze these SNPs' association with the susceptibility of migraine and comorbidities. The generalized multifactor dimension reduction (GMDR) was applied to analyze the SNP-SNP and gene-environment interactions. The GTEx database was used to examine the effects of the significant SNPs on gene expressions. Results: The TRPV1 rs8065080 and TRPV3 rs7217270 were associated with an increased risk of migraine in the dominant model [OR adj (95% CI): 1.75 (1.09-2.90), p = 0.025; 1.63 (1.02-2.58), p = 0.039, respectively]. GRIK2 rs2227283 was associated with migraine in the edge of significance [OR adj (95% CI) = 1.36 (0.99-1.89), p = 0.062]. In migraine patients, TRPV1 rs222741 was associated with both anxiety risk and depression risk in the recessive model [OR adj (95% CI): 2.64 (1.24-5.73), p = 0.012; 1.97 (1.02-3.85), p = 0.046, respectively]. TRPM8 rs7577262 was associated with anxiety (OR adj = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.10-0.76, p = 0.011). TRPV4 rs3742037, TRPM8 rs17862920 and SLC17A8 rs11110359 were associated with depression in dominant model [OR adj (95% CI): 2.03 (1.06-3.96), p = 0.035; 0.48 (0.23-0.96), p = 0.042; 0.42 (0.20-0.84), p = 0.016, respectively]. Significant eQTL and sQTL signals were observed for SNP rs8065080. Individuals with GRS (Genetic risk scores) of Q4 (14-17) had a higher risk of migraine and a lower risk of comorbidity anxiety than those with Genetic risk scores scores of Q1 (0-9) groups [OR adj (95% CI): 2.31 (1.39-3.86), p = 0.001; 0.28 (0.08-0.88), p = 0.034, respectively]. Conclusion: This study suggests that TRPV1 rs8065080, TRPV3 rs7217270, and GRIK2 rs2227283 polymorphism may associate with migraine risk. TRPV1 rs222741 and TRPM8 rs7577262 may associate with migraine comorbidity anxiety risk. rs222741, rs3742037, rs17862920, and rs11110359 may associate with migraine comorbidity depression risk. Higher GRS scores may increase migraine risk and decrease comorbidity anxiety risk., Competing Interests: All the authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wang, Gu, Meng, Kang, Yang, Sun, Liu, Wan, Shan, Xue, Su, Li, Yan, Liu, Zhao and Pan.)

Background and Objective: Currently, the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer rank first among malignant tumors worldwide. Improving the resolution of thin-slice CT of the lung is particularly important for the early diagnosis of lung cancer screening., Methods: Aiming at the problems of network training difficulty and low utilization of feature information caused by the deepening of network layers in super-resolution (SR) reconstruction technology, we propose the dual attention mechanism network for single image super-resolution (SISR). Firstly, the feature of a low-resolution image is extracted directly to retain the feature information. Secondly, several independent dual attention mechanism modules are constructed to extract high-frequency details. The introduction of residual connections can effectively solve the gradient disappearance caused by network deepening, and long and short skip connections can effectively enhance the data features. Furthermore, a hybrid loss function speeds up the network's convergence and improves image SR restoration ability. Finally, through the upsampling operation, the reconstructed high-resolution image is obtained., Results: The results on the Set5 dataset for 4 × enlargement show that compared with traditional SR methods such as Bicubic, VDSR, and DRRN, the average PSNR/SSIM is increased by 3.33 dB / 0.079, 0.41 dB / 0.007 and 0.22 dB / 0.006 respectively. The experimental data fully show that DAMN can better restore the image contour features, obtain higher PSNR, SSIM, and better visual effect., Conclusion: Through the DAMN reconstruction method, the image quality can be improved without increasing radiation exposure and scanning time. Radiologists can enhance their confidence in diagnosing early lung cancer, provide a basis for clinical experts to choose treatment plans, formulate follow-up strategies, and benefit patients in the early stage., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Biofilms, which are essential vectors of bacterial survival, protect microbes from antibiotics and host immune attack and are one of the leading causes that maintain drug-resistant chronic infections. In nature, compared with monomicrobial biofilms, polymicrobial biofilms composed of multispecies bacteria predominate, which means that it is significant to explore the interactions between microorganisms from different kingdoms, species, and strains. Cross-microbial interactions exist during biofilm development, either synergistically or antagonistically. Although research into cross-species biofilms remains at an early stage, in this review, the important mechanisms that are involved in biofilm formation are delineated. Then, recent studies that investigated cross-species cooperation or synergy, competition or antagonism in biofilms, and various components that mediate those interactions will be elaborated. To determine approaches that minimize the harmful effects of biofilms, it is important to understand the interactions between microbial species. The knowledge gained from these investigations has the potential to guide studies into microbial sociality in natural settings and to help in the design of new medicines and therapies to treat bacterial infections., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Luo, Wang, Sun, Liu and Xin.)

Objective: To scrutinize the function of long non-coding RNA TUG1 on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells in periodontitis and its specific mechanism., Methods: Human periodontal ligament stem cells were extracted from human periodontium, followed by induction of osteogenic differentiation with osteogenic medium. Knockdown or overexpression of TUG1, microRNA-222-3p or Smad2/7 were performed in human periodontal ligament stem cells to observe their effect on expressions of osteogenic differentiation markers (Runx2, ALP, and OCN), and on calcium nodule formation by Alizarin red staining. Starbase software was utilized for prediction of the binding sites of TUG1 and microRNA-222-3p in addition to microRNA-222-3p and Smad2/7. Then dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was adopted to inspect the binding relationships between microRNA-222-3p and TUG1 or Smad2/7., Results: Highly expressed TUG1 and lowly expressed microRNA-222-3p were found in human periodontal ligament stem cells during osteogenic differentiation. After measuring the expression of Runx2, ALP, and OCN as well as the formation of calcium nodules, we discovered that TUG1 can facilitate osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells, while microRNA-222-3p had a reverse effect. Subsequently, knockdown of TUG1 and Smad2/7 or overexpression of microRNA-222-3p inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. MicroRNA-222-3p is a target gene of TUG1, while microRNA-222-3p can negatively regulate Smad2/7., Conclusion: LncRNA TUG1 accelerates the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells by sponging microRNA-222-3p to regulate Smad2/7., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare there is no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study is to investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of berberine (BBR) on the proliferation and inflammatory levels of lipopolysaccharide induced human dental pulp fibroblast (LPS-HDPF)., Methods: Different concentrations of LPS were used to induce inflammatory response of HDPF. Cell proliferation was observed in BBR treated HDPF after transfection of miR-21 mimic, miR-21 inhibitor or sh-kBTBD7 plasmids and their negative controls. ELISA was employed to detect the expressions of inflammation related cytokines. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was applied to estimate the expressions of miR-21 and KBTBD7. KBTBD7 expression was detected by Immunocytochemistry. Western blot analysis showed the protein levels of KBTBD7, Phospho-IKKα/β, IKKβ, Phospho-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, and IκBα. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the interaction between miR-21 and KBTBD7., Results: LPS could promote inflammatory response in HDPF. Down-regulated miR-21 and up-regulated KBTBD7 were found in LPS-HDPF. BBR (25 uM) treatment in LPS-HDPF could ameliorate cell inflammatory response, presented by reduced expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as enhanced cell proliferation and miR-21 expression. Moreover, miR-21 negatively targets KBTBD7. Over-expression of miR-21 or silencing of KBTBD7 could enhance the protective role of BBR on LPS-HDPF by inhibiting inflammatory response and promoting cell proliferation. Transfection of miR-21 overexpression or KBTBD7 silencing in BBR treated LPS-HDPF could inhibit activation of NF-κB signal pathway., Conclusion: Evidence in this study suggested that BBR mediates LPS induced inflammation in HDPF via miR-21/KBTBD7 axis to regulate NF-κB signal pathway, which may provide theoretical basis for BBR in prevention of pulpitis., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) is a major cause of stroke worldwide. However, much remains unknown regarding its underlying pathophysiology. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) can clearly display intracranial vessel wall lesions in vivo. The aim of stroke imaging package study of ICAS (SIPS-ICAS) study is to explore the stroke mechanisms of symptomatic ICAS, the dynamic changes under aggressive medical treatment and their associations with clinical events using conventional MRI sequences plus HR-MRI., Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective, cohort study recruiting first-ever acute ischemic stroke patients attributed to intracranial large artery stenosis (>50% or occlusion). Subjects undergo a pre-designed stroke imaging packages at baseline and are recommended to receive aggressive medical treatments. Participants will be followed up for functional outcome, stroke recurrence, and death events at 3, 6 and 12 months and retake HR-MRI imaging at 6 months., Results: Enrollment began in November 2018 and 96 patients have been enrolled as of September 2019., Conclusions: The SIPS-ICAS study will provide insights into the pathophysiology of ICAS and identify specific imaging markers for risk stratification and prognosis prediction. At the same time, the feasibility and validity of the new stroke imaging package including HR-MRI will be assessed, which is promising for clinical routine use., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.)

Gastrointestinal nematodes within the subfamily Ostertagiinae (Teladorsagia, Ostertagia, and Marshallagia et al.) are among the most common infections of domesticated livestock. These parasites are of particular interest, as many of the species within this group are of economic importance worldwide. Traditionally, nematode species designations have been based on morphological criteria. However, this group possesses poorly defined species. There is an urgent need to develop a reliable technique that can distinguish species of Ostertagiinae. DNA barcoding has been proved to be a powerful tool to identify species of birds, mammals, and arthropods, but this technique has not yet been examined for identifying species of Ostertagiinae. In this study, a total of 138 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences from individuals representing 11 species of Ostertagiinae were acquired by PCR for the first time. The specimens were collected from pastoral area of northern China. Genetic divergence analyses showed that mean interspecific Kimura two-parameter distances of COI (13.61 %) were about four times higher than the mean value of the intraspecific divergence (3.69 %). Then, the performance of the COI to identify species of Ostertagiinae was evaluated by identification success rates using nearest neighbor (NN) and BLASTn. The results indicated that the rates of correct sequence identification for COI were high (>80 %) when using the NN and BLASTn methods. Besides, the deep lineage divergences are detected in Teladorsagia circumcincta. Meanwhile, the analyses also detected no genetic differentiation between some species such as Ostertagia hahurica and Ostertagia buriatica. These results indicate that the traditional status of species within Ostertagiinae should be closely examined based on the molecular data.